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The Learning Ratio (LR) is a novel learning score examining the proportion of information learned over successive learning trials relative to information available to be learned. Validation is warranted to understand LR's sensitivity to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. One-hundred twenty-three participants across the AD continuum underwent memory assessment, quantitative brain imaging, and genetic analysis. LR scores were calculated from the HVLT-R, BVMT-R, RBANS List Learning, and RBANS Story Memory, and compared to total hippocampal volumes

Convergent validation of a verbal incidental learning (IL) task from the WAIS-IV using neuroimaging biomarkers is warranted to understand its sensitivity to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Fifty-five memory clinic patients aged 59 to 87 years received neuropsychological assessment, and measures of IL and quantitative brain imaging. Worse IL-Total Score and IL-Similarities performances were significantly associated with smaller hemispheric hippocampal volumes. IL measures were not significantly correlated with cerebral β-amyloid burden, though a trend was present and effect sizes were mild. These hippocampal volume results suggest that this IL task may be sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum.

Background Shared medical appointments (SMAs), or group visits, are a healthcare delivery method with the potential to improve chronic disease management and preventive care. In this review, we sought to better understand opportunities, barriers, and limitations to SMAs based on patient experience in the primary care context. Methods An experienced biomedical librarian conducted literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and SSRN for peer-reviewed publications published 1997 or after. We searched grey literature, nonempirical reports, social science publications, and citations from published systematic reviews. The search yielded 1359 papers, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies. Categorization of the extracted data informed a thematic synthesis. We did not perform a formal meta-analysis. Results Screening and quality assessment yielded 13 quantitative controlled trials, 11 qualitative papers, and two mixed methods studies that met inclusion criteria. We identified three consistent models of care: cooperative health care clinic (five articles), shared medical appointment / group visit (10 articles) and group prenatal care / CenteringPregnancy® (11 articles). Conclusions SMAs in a variety of formats are increasingly employed in primary care settings, with no singular gold standard. Accepting and implementing this nontraditional approach by both patients and clinicians can yield measurable improvements in patient trust, patient perception of quality of care and quality of life, and relevant biophysical measurements of clinical parameters. Further refinement of this healthcare delivery model will be best driven by standardizing measures of patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12875-019-0972-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Since the establishment of the first fraternity Phi Beta Kappa in 1776, fraternities and sororities have had a 200-year-old history on college campuses in the United States. Fraternity and sorority life has become an important opportunity for students to get involved, gain leadership skills, and develop into global citizens. Despite a long standing history, the threat on the sustainability of these organizations has increased over the years. Hazing, alcohol abuse, and negative media attention have created challenges for Greek-letter organizations. The purpose of this article is to explore the historical context of fraternity and sorority life, the issues that are impacting the Greek community, and provide recommendations for student affairs professionals.

Changing executive leadership, reorganizations, new administrative positions, and shifting student demographics are some examples of how higher education is constantly transforming. Like all stewar...

A number of faculty who teach psychology courses opt out of addressing diversity-centered content out of discomfort or glaze over this material, ultimately creating content which does not relate to increasingly diverse student bodies (Boysen, 2011; Ocampo et al., 2003). The present study examines the effectiveness and impact of utilizing a pedagogy grounded in a theory of diversity/social justice with respect to learning outcomes. The study also explores whether faculty’s teaching experience impacts student’s understanding and application of diversity focused content. Three raters categorized and coded assignment data from two course sections, containing a total of 786 undergraduate respondents. Students applied more content from diversity-centered chapters to their papers and final project. Additionally, the rate at which students applied diversity-focused concepts to assignments did not differ by instructor’s teaching experience. Findings indicate that students overwhelming resonate with diversity centered content and choose to relay constructs which align with a diversity-centered, socially just pedagogy over general social psychology content. Our findings also suggest that a diversity-driven curriculum can be effectively implemented in the classroom and received by students, regardless of prior teaching experience or exposure.

The original synthesis of TNAZ (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine) was developed by T. G. Archibald in 1983 and was scaled up to produce several hundred kg of TNAZ for evaluation by the DoD. Although the synthesis method utilizes inexpensive starting materials, it is a multi-step process that gives less than 20% overall yields and produces significant chemical waste (over 1200 kg kg −1 of TNAZ), including large quantities of halogenated solvents. An alternative synthesis, which gives much higher yields of TNAZ and less waste than obtained from the original process, was developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The technology was transferred to Aerojet, Sacramento, where it was scaled up to production-plant quantities to give TNAZ in 57% overall yield. The new process produced about 10% of the waste produced in the original process without recycle of solvents or reagents. It is estimated that recycle of solvents and reagents will reduce the chemical waste to 15.7 kg kg −1 of TNAZ. Further improvements in waste reduction have been demonstrated that may eventually lead to a process giving little more than 3.7 kg of chemical waste kg −1 of TNAZ in addition to the energy burden encountered with any industrial process.

Assessing long-term efficacy in psychiatric drugs involves a number of complex questions, and the priaority of these questions is different for different disorders and for different stakeholders. Therefore, it is essential that we not adopt a one-method-fits-all approach, but rather adapt the specific details of the designs and analysis of data from long-term trials to individual disease states. Randomized withdrawal (RW) designs, even though addressing a specific question of particular interest, face some difficult methodological and ethical challenges. A less common alternative design, termed the double-blind long-term efficacy (DBLE) design, is logistically similar to traditional responder extension designs. However, use of an analytic approach that includes all randomized patients rather than only the selected subset that continued beyond acute treatment avoids the major criticism of the extender design. The present paper illustrates the attributes of the RW and DBLE designs by analyzing data from trials adopting these designs. The RW and DBLE designs address different questions, and are thus not directly comparable. Potential benefits of the DBLE design include: (1) the parsimonious use of patients and the resultant reduced exposure to placebo as each patient can contribute to multiple developmental objectives; (2) the results are generalizable to actual clinical practice as the design matches treatment guidelines; and, (3) results of safety assessments are meaningful as they involve all randomized patients. Our case study suggests that the DBLE design can provide definitive answers to important questions and may be a useful design for assessing long-term treatment effects.

Attrition is a ubiquitous problem in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) of psychotropic agents that can cause biased estimates of the treatment effect, reduce statistical power, and restrict the generalizability of results. The extent of the problem of attrition in central nervous system (CNS) trials is considered here and its consequences are examined. The taxonomy of missingness mechanisms is then briefly reviewed in order to introduce issues underlying the choice of data analytic strategies appropriate for RCTs with various forms of incomplete data. The convention of using last observation carried forward to accommodate attrition is discouraged because its assumptions are typically inappropriate for CNS RCTs, whereas multiple imputation strategies are more appropriate. Mixed-effects models often provide a useful data analytic strategy for attrition as do the pattern-mixture and propensity adjustments. Finally, investigators are encouraged to consider asking participants, at each assessment session, the likelihood of attendance at the subsequent assessment session. This information can be used to eliminate some of the very obstacles that lead to attrition, and can be incorporated in data analyses to reduce bias, but it will not eliminate all attrition bias.

The time-dependent diffusion of 3 He atoms perpendicular to the axis of a single macroscopically large cylindrical pore is studied using a steady (or constant) gradient-recalled echo sequence. Measurements of the effective 3 He diffusion coefficient extending from the free-diffusion regime to the motionally averaged regime are presented, and are well-described by analytic solutions to the Bloch–Torrey equation based on the gaussian phase approximation. Our data yield the value 0.140(6) m 2 /s for the self diffusion coefficient of 3 He at a temperature of 296 K and a pressure of 1.00 Torr. Adaptations of these methods should enable the study of complex pore geometries as model systems.

Aripiprazole is a novel atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a D2 receptor partial agonist with partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors. The long-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole (30 mg/d) relative to haloperidol (10 mg/d) were investigated in two 52-wk, randomized, double-blind, multicentre studies (using similar protocols which were prospectively identified to be pooled for analysis) in 1294 patients in acute relapse with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and who had previously responded to antipsychotic medications. Aripiprazole demonstrated long-term efficacy that was comparable or superior to haloperidol across all symptoms measures, including significantly greater improvements for PANSS negative subscale scores and MADRS total score (p

La 3 Ga 5.5 Ta 0.5 O 14 shows promise for high temperature, high frequency crystal resonator applications. We report on two methods for thinning wafers of this material. Using wet chemical etching, we found that HCl- or HF-based solutions produced etching at room temperature, while HNO 3 and H 3 PO 4 produced practical rates at ≥70°C. In all of these solutions, the etching was reaction-limited with activation energies >14 kcal·mol −1 . Some degree of surface smoothing was achieved with HCl etching at elevated temperatures. The near-surface stoichiometry was unaffected by the wet etch treatments. Using dry etching, we found that Cl 2 -based discharges produced rates −1 under all conditions, with Cl 2 /Ar maintaining the best surface morphology.

Women are at increased risk for torsades de pointes associated with a variety of drugs that prolong ventricular repolarization, but few data exist regarding possible sex differences in extent of repolarization changes with these medications.We sought to compare JTc interval responses in women and men during treatment with d,l-sotalol. The study cohort consisted of 1,897 patients (26% women) with available baseline and ≥1 on-drug electrocardiogram from a database involving patients exposed to oral d,l-sotalol without developing torsades de pointes. The mean lowest and highest daily d,l-sotalol dose, normalized for weight, was not significantly different between sexes. At each dosing extreme, on-drug JTc was significantly longer in women (p ≤0.0002). Statistically independent predictors of on-drug JTc included gender (p = 0.003), baseline JTc (p = 0.0001), dose (p = 0.0001), serum creatinine (p ≤0.03), and history of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias (p = 0.01). In both men and women, as baseline JTc increased, the drug-induced increment in JTc became progressively smaller. Thus, in response to d,l-sotalol, JTc intervals become longer in women than in men. This sex difference is independent of dose and not solely attributable to the known gender disparity in baseline JTc. The greater propensity of women to drug-induced torsades de pointes may represent the most extreme expression of a basic sex difference in the response to medications that prolong ventricular repolarization.

The synthesis of TNDAZ in four steps by starting with N-t-butyl-3-hydroxymethyl-3-nitroazetidine is described. The structures of TNDAZ and of a precursor, N-t-butyl-3-nitro-3-(N'-t-butyl-3′-nitroazetidin-3′-yl) azetidine, have been established unequivocally via application of single crystal x-ray crystallographic techniques. Thermal properties of TNDAZ, TNAZ and admixtures thereof are presented. A binary phase diagram has been predicted computationally and confirmed experimentally by using differential scanning calorimetry and hot stage microscopy. The thermal data support the existence of more than one polymorph for TNDAZ and for TNAZ.

Rancorous attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men are widespread in the United States (Morrison, Parriag, and Morrison, 1999). Homonegativity is any prejudicial attitude or discriminatory behavior directed toward an individual because of his or her homosexual orientation (Morrison, McLeod, Morrison, Anderson, and O’Connor, 1997). A small amount of research has been done regarding women’s attitudes towards lesbians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between sexual attitude expression and homonegativity. It was hypothesized that females with conservative sexual attitudes would show higher levels of homonegativity, and females with liberal sexual attitudes should show more non-homonegative expression towards lesbians. A correlation analysis supported the hypothesis (r =.73, p.01) indicating a positive correlation.

According to the DHHS, one third of adults in the United States do not participate in enough physical activity (Coronado, Sos, Talbot, Do and Taylor, 2010). "Physical inactivity is a serious health problem among university students," (Irwin, 2007, p.40). This poses a great danger to students who have serious health issues. "Thirty-seven percent of the college student population is overweight, with 11 % being obese," (Berg, An, Ahluwalia, 2013, p. 389). Even though the benefits of participating in physical activity are proven to increase psychological and physiological health, many college students do not meet the minimal recommendations for physical activity (Kilpatrick, Herbert and Bartholomew, 2005). Obesity has increased among college students due to lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyle, such as long periods of sitting and inactivity (Bragg, Carolyn, Kaye and Desmond, 2009). "Specifically, weight gain in the first few years of college is becoming an important concern affecting the likelihood that more young adults are, or will become obese," (Gruber, 2008, p.557). On average, weight gain is greater among college students compared to the general population (English, 2009). However, students can improve their health by including exercise 5 days each week for 30 min (English, 2009). Students have an array of physical activity options available to them through campus recreational facilities; for example, recreational sports, games, weight lifting, swimming, or outdoor activities. These activities range from moderate to vigorous intensity levels (Coronado, Sos, Talbot, Do and Taylor, 2010). While it may appear simplistic to engage in these activities, there are challenges and barriers that can impede students from reaping the benefits of physical activity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the benefits and challenges of physical activity for college students.

The greater trochanter pain syndrome refers to pain on the lateral aspect of the hip joint. This is frequently attributed to trochanteric bursitis and distension of the subgluteal bursae. Associated tears of the tendons of gluteus medius and minimus have been described and may result from repetitive frictional trauma to these tendons and their associated bursae secondary to impingement beneath the tensor fascia lata. Occasionally tendinous damage may result from acute local direct trauma or a hyperadductive strain injury. We describe MRI in two patients with chronic lateral hip pain.

1,2-Difluorodinitroethylene was synthesized by flash vacuum pyrolysis of 1,2-difluorotetranitroethane. X-ray crystallography showed that one of the two nitro groups is out of the plane of the rest of molecule and that the C-C double-bond distance in unusually short at 1.284 {angstrom}. 1, 2-Difluorotetranitroethane reacted with alcohols to give alkyl fluoronitroacetates and with anthracene and cyclopentadiene to give Diels-Alder adducts.

It is commonly stated and believed that scholarly and scientific journal literature is growing exponentially. To obtain a truer picture of the situation, a study was made of a sample of 190 journals that started life in or before 1950, 20 in each of 9 subject fields, plus 10 extra in literature. The number of articles in each journal in 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1987 was counted. The analysis showed a rapid growth in most subjects up to 1970, a much slower growth between 1976 and 1980, and a slow growth or decline between 1980 and 1987; the fields of decline included general and physical science and technology. The total number of journals is still increasing, but the rate of growth has dropped dramatically over the last ten years. Although it is possible that more recently established journals would show a different pattern, it seems likely that the overall rate of growth of the total number of journal articles is slow.

A case of vehicle accident trauma to the abdominal aorta in a patient wearing a lap-type seat belt is presented, together with its diagnosis and management. The role of the radiologist is emphasized.

The role of 3He-3He collisions in our diffusion experiment is addressed and shown to not be relevant to the measurement of 3He diffusion against phonons in superfluid helium., Two pages, in Europhysics Letters format

This report describes a facile synthesis of isopropyl 2,2-difluorovinyl ketone and isopropyl 3,3-difluoroacrylate and some unusual addition reactions of these olefins with nitronate anions and β-nitro al

1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine (1) was synthesized via a Mannich condensation and its structure elucidated by X-ray crystallography

Les spectres RMN 13 C et 14 N de plusieurs composes polynitro aliphatiques, aromatiques et heterocycliques sont etudies. Les pics de 13 C decouple du proton pour les carbones nitrosubstitues dans la plupart de ces composes sont decomposes en multiplets attendus pour le couplage de noyaux de spin 1 et l'elargissement quadripolaire negligeable. En plus, le spectre 19 F de quelques composes fluoronitroaliphatiques montre que les signaux 19 F sont aussi decomposes en multiplets attendus pour le couplage avec 14 N des groupes nitro

Few studies have directly compared the efficacy and tolerability of atypical agents.This multicenter, randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole (n = 355) with olanzapine (n = 348) in patients with schizophrenia experiencing acute relapse. After a 6-week acute treatment phase, patients with Clinical Global Impression-Improvement = 1-3 oror = 20% reduction in the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) Total score could progress to the 46-week outpatient extension phase. Co-primary study objectives were to compare efficacy at Week 6 and weight gain liability from baseline to Week 26.The mean olanzapine dose was 15.4 mg/day compared with a mean aripiprazole dose of 23.0 mg/day. More patients treated with olanzapine (47%) completed the 52-week study than those treated with aripiprazole (39%); time to discontinuation was significantly in favor of olanzapine (p.05). At Week 6, mean change in PANSS Total score (olanzapine, -29.5; aripiprazole, -24.6 [random regression model]) showed a treatment difference of 4.9 points. As the pre-specified non-inferiority margin (6 points) was within the 95% confidence interval (2.2-7.6) for treatment difference, olanzapine proved to be superior to aripiprazole on this measure. More patients experienced significant weight gain at Week 26 with olanzapine (40%) than with aripiprazole (21%; p.05 [weighted generalized estimating equation analysis]), with significant differences observed from Week 3. Mean weight gain at Week 26 was significantly greater with olanzapine than with aripiprazole (+4.30 kg vs. +.13 kg, respectively).Olanzapine had a statistically significant efficacy advantage over aripiprazole, whereas aripiprazole was associated with significantly less weight gain.

By virtue of the fact that its low-lying {sup 2}{pi}{sub 3/2} state is paramagnetic, nitric oxide (NO) can be an effective agent for inducing nuclear spin relaxation during isolated binary collisions with other species. At the same time, the strong coupling between the electronic angular momentum and the internuclear axis of this particular molecule leads to a situation in which its effective magnetic moment depends critically on molecular motions that take place on the time scale of the collision. Here we present the results of an investigation in which the NMR-detected longitudinal nuclear relaxation rate T{sub 1}{sup -1} of room temperature {sup 3}He gas adulterated with NO was measured as a function of NO density ([NO]) in two different magnetic fields. We find T{sub 1}{sup -1}=0.0502(3)[NO] s{sup -1} at 1.50 T, and T{sub 1}{sup -1}=0.0506(3)[NO] s{sup -1} at 2.35 T, where [NO] is expressed in amagat. Under these conditions approximately two-thirds of the NO molecules occupy the diamagnetic {sup 2}{pi}{sub 1/2} ground state and one-third occupy the paramagnetic {sup 2}{pi}{sub 3/2} state. Our data can be understood in terms of a semiclassical treatment of collision dynamics that involves the paramagnetic moment autocorrelation function.

Experiments that place strict limits on the electric dipole moment of the neutron (n‐EDM) represent one of the most promising opportunities to search for physics beyond the standard model. Over the last several years, a collaboration based at Los Alamos National Laboratory has been working toward the development of an apparatus that is expected to improve the current n‐EDM limit by two orders of magnitude. A key feature of the proposed experiment involves the detection of ultraviolet scintillation light produced as a result of neutron capture on 3He in superfluid liquid 4He (l‐4He). Typically such events give rise to a large prompt flash of light followed by a train of delayed photons (‘after‐pulses’). We recently performed an experiment to examine correlations between the amplitude of the initial light pulse and the number of after‐pulses that are produced when a dilute mixture of 3He in l‐4He is irradiated with a neutron beam. Data from this experiment suggest that events associated with reaction products from neutron capture on 3He can be distinguished from background events associated with other forms of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays. A sample of data from our experiment is presented.

We describe a neutron radiography technique that can be used to map the distribution of $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ impurities in liquid $^{4}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$, providing direct and quantitative access to underlying transport processes. Images reflecting finite normal- and superfluid-component $^{4}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ velocity fields are presented.

The greater trochanter pain syndrome refers to pain on the lateral aspect of the hip joint. This is frequently attributed to trochanteric bursitis and distension of the subgluteal bursae. Associated tears of the tendons of gluteus medius and minimus have been described and may result from repetitive frictional trauma to these tendons and their associated bursae secondary to impingement beneath the tensor fascia lata. Occasionally tendinous damage may result from acute local direct trauma or a hyperadductive strain injury. We describe MRI in two patients with chronic lateral hip pain.

We have measured the mass diffusion coefficient D of 3He in superfluid 4He at temperatures lower than were previously possible. The experimental technique utilizes scintillation light produced when neutron react with 3He nuclei, and allows measurement of the 3He density integrated along the trajectory of a well-defined neutron beam. By measuring the change in 3He density near a heater as a function of applied heat current, we are able to infer values of D with 20% accuracy. At temperatures below 0.7 K and for concentrations of order 10^{-4} we find D=(2.0+2.4-1.2)T^-(6.5 -/+ 1.2) cm^2/s, in agreement with a theoretical approximation., 8 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Europhysics Letters and prepared in that journal's format

Nurses have a responsibility to meet the health needs of culturally diverse groups of patients. The health needs of patients with a terminal illness from the South Asian community are often not met. Nurses need to ensure that they have the knowledge and information available to meet the needs of this patient group.