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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary organic or inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on laying and hatching performance, egg Se content and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration of egg-type breeders as well as their offspring antioxidant status under 36 h post-hatch feed withdrawal. Two hundred and seventy white egg-type breeders were used. The hens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The basal diet contained no supplemental Se (Control). The four treatment groups consisted of two selenium sources (inorganic and organic, Seinorg and Seorg, respectively) and two selenium levels (0.20 and 0.35 mg Se/kg diet). The total analysed Se concentration in the diets was between 0.137 and 0.138 mg/kg for Control, while it was 0.342 and 0.340 mg/kg for 0.20 Seinorg, 0.339 and 0.351 mg/kg for 0.20 Seorg, 0.485 and 0.489 mg/kg for 0.35 Seinorg, 0.481 and 0.495 mg/kg for 0.35 Seorg from 21 to 40 and 41 to 49 weeks, respectively. There was no effect of diets on laying performance, egg quality, and hatchability. Dietary Se supplementation increased egg Se content compared to Control, being higher in eggs from hens fed Seorg than those from hens fed Seinorg. Liver GSH-Px activity of hens fed 0.35 mg Se/kg was higher than in hens fed 0.20 mg/kg Se. On d of hatch and 36 h post-hatch, residual yolk sac Se content of chicks from hens fed 0.35 mg Se/kg was higher than that of chicks from hens fed 0.20 mg/kg Se. After 36 h post-hatch feed withdrawal, plasma and liver GSH-Px activity of chicks from Se groups were higher than in chicks from the Control. It was concluded that dietary maternal Se would provide a protective mechanism for day-old chicks for coping with stressful situations exposed after hatching. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart., Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan: D/16/A06/P02/02 Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, MOA: TAGEM/HAYSÜD/16/A06/P02/02, This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Project Number: TAGEM/HAYS?D/16/A06/P02/02., This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Project Number: TAGEM/HAYSÜD/16/A06/P02/02

PubMed ID: 27058329, Cytomeg ilovirus (CMV), a common virus found all around the world, usually pauses asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent hosts, however it may lead to serious complicatior in immunodeficient patients and In the fetus. CMV is divided into four genotypes according to the pdymorphisms in UL55 gene that encodes for envelope glycoprotein B. Nucleotide polymorphisms of CK V gB gene can affect the cell tropism of the virus and host immune response and believed to have imp >rtant changes in the pathogenesis of CMV. The aim of this study was to determine the gB genotypes jf CMV isolates from different patiant groups selected from different regions of Turkey. A total of 136 clinical specimens from patients (66 lemale, 70 male; age range: 0-65 years, mean age: 24.03 ± 17.17) wli> were diagnosed to have CMV infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or antigenemia tests, between 2001 -2014, in the medical school hospitals of Akdeniz, Ege, Istanbul Cerrahpasa and Erciyes Universities (located at Mediterrar ean, Aegean, northwest and central Anatolia regions, respectively), \yere included in the study. The patient group consisted of 80 renal transplant (RT) recipients, 35 stem

Bu çalışma, koyunlarda gebelik süresince serum leptin ve progesteron düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişikliklerive serum leptin düzeyleri ile progesteron düzeyleri arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada, 34 baş, 2-3 yaşlı Akkaraman ırkı koyun kullanılmıştır. Koyunların doğum yaptıklarıtarihler kaydedilmiştir. Koyunların V. Jugularis’inden dört haftada bir kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan kanlar; gebeliköncesi, gebeliğin 5., 9., 11., 15., 17., 21. haftaları ve gebelik sonrası olmak üzere 8 dönemde gruplandırılmış ve serumleptin ve progesteron düzeyleri ticari radioimmunoassay kitleri ile belirlenmiştir. Gebelik progesteron profili normal sınırlar içerisinde bulunmuştur. Leptin düzeyinde ise gebeliğin başlaması ile birlikte istatistik önemde olmayan hafif bir yükselme meydana gelmiş, ancak gebelik boyunca önemli bir değişiklik izlenmemiştir. Progesteron ile leptin arasında birkorelasyon saptanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, koyunlarda gebeliğin serum leptin düzeyini etkilemediğini göstermiştir

The purpose of this study is to determine functionality of webfolio system in primary schools. This study was conducted on 4th grade Science and technology, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Turkish courses. The participants of this study are 4th grade students and their teacher in a primary school in Eskisehir during the 2008-2009 academic year. A qualitative research design, naturalistic inquiry approach, has been adopted in this study. The data have been gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with the teacher and the students. The data were analyzed through content analysis technique. It was found that both the teacher and the students found the webfolio system beneficial. The teacher and most of the students believe that webfolio system is more effective than traditional portfolio system.

This article tries to explore the many sides of traditional and patriarchal mentalities in Turkeyregarding women and honor. It will discuss the importance of patriarchal implementations ofpower that construct gender and gender’s function amongst traditional or tribal communitiesin the southeast of Turkey. We will also examine the sovereignty of the hegemony of the maleperspective in these societies’ value systems. In spite of the regional, economic and socialdiversity of Turkey, it is clear that religious values, regional traditions and ethnic beliefs allinfluence the construction of female gender roles, producing many similarities concerning thesocial status of women throughout Turkey’s south-eastern and eastern rural areas. Thesegender constructions establish very serious segregations and inequalities within the public/private field in the name of “honor.” Through legal codes, tribal laws, customs or traditionalarrangements, we can witness the patriarchal dominance that occurs in the case of malefemale relationships. The women who have suffered under these patriarchal constructions ofgender tell stories of suppression and violence under the real side of honor. The women'sstories presented in this article are from Kardam’s (2005) study and KAMER’s (Women’sCenter) report books (2005, 2006), which provide copious real-life examples of violenceagainst women in the name of honor.&nbsp

Bu Yüksek Lisans tez çalışmasında Doğu Anadolu Havzası'nda bir alt basen olarak yer alan Aşkale Havzası Erzurum civarında açılan Aşkale-1 sondaj kuyusunda geçilen Üst Oligosen yaşlı Kömürlü ve Penek Formasyonu kumtaşlarının diyajenezi tamamen yer altı verilerinden yararlanılarak belirlenmiştir.Çalışma sırasında laboratuar çalışmaları yoğunluk kazanmıştır.Çalışma alanı genel olarak Pleyistosen yaşlı flüvyal sedimanlarla örtülü olduğu için alanın stratigrafisine ilişkin bilgiler karot ve kırıntı numuneleri ve kuyu logları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.İnceleme alanında açılan 1 adet sondaj kuyusunda Üst Oligosen yaşlı kumtaşlarının yaklaşık 30 seviyesinden alınan kırıntı ve karot örnekleri, binoküler ve optik mikroskopta incelenerek sedimantolojik ve sedimanter petrografik özellikler belirlenmiştir.Gerçekleştirilen laboratuar analizleri ile Üst Oligosen yaşlı Kömürlü ve Penek Formasyonu kumtaşlarının diyajenetik özellikleri belirlenerek, diyajenezin hidrokarbon araştırmaları ile ilişkisi ortaya konulmuştur. In the study, diagenesis of Upper Oligocene aged Kömürlü and Penek Formation sandstones in Aşkale-1 well Erzurum around which located at Aşkale sub-basin in the East Anatolia were determined by using completely the subsurface datas.During the study laboratory woks were done densitely.The reason that the study area covered generally by fluvial sediments of Pleistocene, stratigraphic informations were obtain by combining the core and detritic samples and well logs.Core and detritic samples taken from approximatelly 30 different levels of a drilling well were investigated and sedimantological and sedimentary petrographic properties were determined by binocular and optical microscopes.Diagenesis properties of Upper Oligocene aged Kömürlü and Penek Formation sandstones were determined using laboratory analysis and it was determined that diagenesis and its relation to hydrocarbon explorations. 96

Türk toplumu Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden başlayan bir modernleşme sürecini yaşamaktadır. Modernleşme bugünün Türk toplumunda artık olgusal bir gerçektir. Modern yaşam tarzının egemen olduğu bu toplumsal yapının bir parçası da, kadim geçmişi olan İslam dininin değerlerini içselleştiren ve yaşayan din görevlileridir. Her ne kadar yeniliklere açık olsa da, her zaman İslam'ın köklü geçmişinin referanslarına dayanarak kendini ifade etme konumunda bulunan din görevlilerinin; doğası gereği geçmiş yaşantıya ve geleneksel olana mesafeli duran modernleşmeyle uyum kabiliyeti geliştirebilmeleri önemlidir.Gelinen noktada, hem din hem de modernleşme Türk toplumu için artık vazgeçilmez iki değer oluşturmaktadır. İkisinin bir arada uyumlu bir şekilde var olması zorunlu görünmektedir. Din görevliliği mesleğinde bu uyumun gerçekleşmesi için gerekli olan potansiyel var olduğu gibi, uyumsuzluk potansiyeli de vardır.Modern bürokratik bir dini örgütlenme biçimi olan Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, bu yapı içerisinde mevzuatlara uygun bir şekilde görevlerini yerine getirirken, din hizmetini verecek olan din görevlilerini de bu yapıyla uyumlu bir şekilde istihdam etmesi ve yetiştirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmamızla da, din görevlilerinin bu beklentiyi ne oranda karşıladıklarını öğrenmeye çalıştık. Yine bu bağlamda din görevlilerinin, içinde yaşadıkları modern toplum yapısına bakışını ve buna bağlı olarak uyumluluk durumunu tespit etmeye çalıştık.Netice itibariyle bu çalışmayla elde ettiğimiz bulguları değerlendirdiğimizde; din görevlileri modernleşmenin Türk toplumunda algılanma ve yaşanma biçimine bazı eleştiriler getirmekle birlikte, onların modernleşmeyle uyumlu bir yaşam tarzını da benimseyip geliştirdiklerini söylemek mümkündür.Anahtar Sözcükler: Din Görevlileri, Modernleşme, Din, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, Din Hizmetleri. The Turkish Society has been living modernization period since Ottoman Empire term. Today modernization is a factual reality in Turkish society. One part of this social structure in which modern living style is dominant is religious officials who internalize and live the values of Islam that has an eternal history. Although they are open to innovations, it is important for the religious officials, who are at the position of expressing themselves leaning to the references of rooted Islamic past, to develop an ability of compatibility to modernization that stays remote from the past and conditional living styles because of its nature.At the point that is reached both religion and modernization have been indispensible two values for Turkish Society. Existing of these two together in a harmony is seen compulsory. Although there is needed potential in order to realize this harmony in the religious official occupation, there is an incompatibility potential too.It is expected from the Directorate of Religious Affairs, which is a modern religious organization style, both to fulfill their duties in an appropriate manner with the legislations and employ and educate religious officials who will give religion services in compatible with this structure. In this study we tried to learn in which rate the religious officials meet this expectation. Again in this context we tried to determine the approachs of religious officials to the society in which they live, and in connection to this we tried to determine the situation of their compatibility.In conclusion, when we assess the findings that we have obtained from this study, it is possible to say that, although the religious officials are making some critics about the perception and living style of modernization in Turkish society, they have adopted and developed a living style that is compatible with modernization.Key Words: Religious officials, modernization, religion, Directorate of Religious Affairs, Religious Services. 128

Measuring the free:total ratio of prostate-specific antigen (f/t-PSA) can improve the specificity of single-serum PSA values, distinguishing between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma (PCa) in men over the age of 50. Additionally, clinical trials have shown that dihydroxyvitamin D3 can slow the rate of PSA rise in PCa patients. However, little is known regarding the applicability of those findings in men undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD). In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of increased serum PSA levels among CPD patients and correlated those values with serum levels of vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3]. We undertook a cross-sectional study of 71 male CPD patients without a known history of prostate cancer from 24 centers in Canada, Greece, and Turkey. All of the patients were more than 50 years of age. In these patients, we measured serum concentrations of PSA, free PSA (f-PSA), total PSA (t-PSA), prostate alkaline phosphatase (PAP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). We recorded serum PSA levels < 4 ng/mL in 62 patients (87.3%, group A) and levels > 4 ng/mL in 9 patients (12.7%, group B). The f/t-PSA ratio was < 0.25 in 16 patients (22.5%). Group B patients were older than those in group A (median: 73 years vs. 65 years, p < 0.01) and had a lower body weight (median: 66.5 kg vs. 76.7 kg, p < 0.05). We observed no statistically significant difference between the two groups for serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (median: 9.8 ng/mL vs. 10.1 ng/mL) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (8 ng/mL vs. 8.2 ng/mL) levels. Also, we observed no correlation between vitamin D levels and f/t-PSA, but iPTH levels were significantly higher in group A (200.5 pg/mL vs. 61.2 pg/mL, p < 0.04). Also, serum PAP levels correlated significantly with PSA (r = 0.49, p = 0.01) and with f-PSA (r = 0.56, p = 0.000). Our results showed no clear relationship between vitamin D and serum levels of PSA or-of f/t-PSA in PD patients. However, further studies are needed to better define the uses of these PSA markers in PD patients because, in such patients, other relevant factors might be implicated in their predictive value. Adv Perit Dial

ÖZET Süratle gelişen teknolojiye rağmen özellikle deprem, heyelan, su baskını, yangın, çığ, fırtına gibi doğal afetler halen insanoğluna zaman tanımayan ve tahminler dışında ne zaman oluşabileceği belli olmayan etkili doğal afet türleridir. Ülkemizde çok farklı afet türleri görülmekte olup, bu afetlerin başında yarattığı hasar durumları dikkate alındığında; % 64 Deprem % 16 Heyelanlar % 15 Su Baskınları % 4 Yangınlar % 1 Oranında çığ, fırtına, yer altı suyu yükselmesi gibi meteorolojik kökenli diğer afetler gözlenmektedir. Afet yönetimi, afetlerin önlenmesi ve zararların azaltılması amacıyla bir afet olayında `Zarar azaltma, önceden hazırlık, kurtarma ve ilk yardım, iyileştirme ve yeniden inşa` safhasında yapılması gereken tüm çalışmaların yönlendirilmesi, koordine edilmesi ve uygulanabilmesi için toplumun tüm kurum ve kuruluşları ile kaynakların bu amaç doğrultusunda yönlendirilmesini gerektiren çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Afet yönetimi birbiri ile bağlantılı afet eylem programlarını kapsamalıdır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde başarılı sonuçlar almış olan afet eylem programlan `Afet Öncesi`, `Afet Anı` ve `Afet Sonrası` olmak üzere üç ana aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Birbirleri ile kesintisiz bir süreç oluşturan bu çalışmalardan `Afet Öncesi` afet olmadan önce, afetin meydana getirebileceği zararların azaltılmasına yönelik çalışmaları kapsamaktadır. `Afet Anı` olay anındaki kurtarma ve ilk yardımı, `Afet Sonrası` ise olay sonrasındaki iyileştirme ve yeniden iman kapsamakta ve afet sonuçlarının çözümüne yönelik uygulamaları niteliğindedir. Ülkemizdeki sistematik afet yönetimi planlan ve programlan oluşan afetler karşısında etkin olmaktan uzak kalsa bile yapılan çalışmaları bu üç ana başlık altında değerlendirmek mümkündür. VI ABSTRACT In spite of quickly developing technology, natural disasters especially like earthquake, landslide, flood, storm still dont give a time to accept to human being and except quessing when to come into existence is unknown, effective natural disaster types. In our country all different types of natural disasters has been experienced and the damages which natural disaster causes should be taken into consideration; % 64 Earthquakes % 16 Landslides % 15 Floods % 4 Fires % 1 ratio are other disasters based with meteorological origin like avalanche, storm, underground water rise. Disaster administration is a dimension concept that with the aim of stopping disaster and reducing damages, for when there is a disaster `reducing damages, preparation before disaster, rescue and first aid, cure and construction again`for these points to be done all kind of acts to be oriantated, controlled and applicated, communities all associations and foundations with sources should be directed parallel to this aim. Disaster administration should carry disaster action programmes which has connected to eachother. In developed countries, disaster action programmes have been used under 3 main headlines which has improved a successful results and these headlines are `Before Disaster`, `Disaster Moment` and `After Disaster`. `Before Disaster` contains, reducing damages which disaster might create. `Disaster Moment` contains, rescue and first aid when disaster has struck, `After Disaster` contains, construction again and recovering after disaster has struck and analyzing disaster results. In our country, systematic disaster administration plans and programmes may not be very effective for existence disasters but, still all acts are based under the 3 main headlines. 343

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2001, Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2001, Bu çalışmada, maksimum, minimum ve ortalama hava sıcaklığı verileri kullanılarak derece-gün (DG)’ler ayrıntılı olarak hesaplandı. Noktasal toplam yarı varyogram yöntemi ile DG’lerin modellemesi yapıldı. Bölgesel değişken olarak, DG’lerin farklı yönlerdeki mesafeyle değişimleri incelenerek, temsil mesafeleri belirlendi. Böylece, bir yerdeki DG değerlerinin tesir alanlarını elde etme olanağı sağlandı. Tesir alanları yardımıyla her hangi bir yerde derece-gün değerinin izotropik olup olmadığı saptanabilir. Kriging alansal dağılım modeli kullanılarak yapılan derece-gün alansal dağılımları, verisi olmayan bir yerin derece-gün değerini basit bir interpolasyon yöntemiyle yaklaşık olarak hesaplamayı mümkün kılar. Kriging yönteminde ölçüm noktalarının birbirine eşit mesafede olması ve bölgesel değişkenin stasyoner olması istenir. Bu şartları en iyi şekilde sağlamak için mümkün olan en geniş veri ağı (en fazla istasyon sayısı ve en geniş veri periyodu) ile çalışıldı. Bir yerin istenilen taban sıcaklığa göre derece-gün değerini hesaplamak için Lineer regresyon tekniği ile derece-gün ampirik formülleri oluşturuldu. Ayrıca DG’lerdeki eğilimi ortaya koymak için de Mann-Kendall trend testi istatistiği kullanıldı. Geliştirilen bir takım istatistiksel yaklaşımlarla DG’ler için risk analizleri yapıldı. % 5 risk seviyesine göre IDG hesaplamalarında referans alınması gereken taban sıcaklıkları ortaya konuldu. Sonuçları literatürdeki çalışmalarla karşılaştırdığımızda, diğer çalışmalarda görülen bir takım eksiklikler geliştirilen noktasal toplam yarı varyogram yöntemi ve derece-gün formülasyonlarıyla giderilmeye çalışıldı., In this study, first of all degree-day (DD)’s calculation are made by using maxsimum, minimum and average daily air temperature records. Then, DD’s are modelled by point cumulative semivariyogram method. As a regional variable, DD variability by distance is researched and supplied. Representative distance of DD’s at different direction are used to obtain Influence areas. It can be, easily, learned that the degree-day values at any point isotropic or not, by look at to this influence areas. Kriging model is used to distribute degree-day values of observation points all over Turkey. By this way, it is possible to calculate the unknown degree-day values of any place, approximately, by use of interpolation technique. For Kriging method using the observation points should be located at the same distance to each others and regional variable should be stationary. In this study the largest data base of daily temperature records are used to obtain these conditions. DD formulations are developed for every one observation point by linear regression technique. DD values of any observation point for any base temperature can calculated from these formulations. Mann-Kendall trend test is applied to analyse trends of DD’s. Some statistical equations are developed for DD’s risk calculations. And with 5 % risk level base temperatures are obtained for DD calculations. The correspondence of results in this study are tested with the other studies in literature. By this way some negative points are removed by developed DD formulations and modelling., Doktora, PhD

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 and 2018 staging systems in patients with uterine cervical cancer. METHODS Medical records of 571 patients who were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy between 2001 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates according to FIGO 2009 and FIGO 2018 staging systems were compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. RESULTS The median follow-up was 59 months. Five-year OS and PFS rates were 81.1% and 77.7%, respectively. Stage migration was recorded in 401 patients (70.2%) and the most remarkable stage migration was detected in stage I patients (60%). A total of 157 (27.5%) patients upstaged to stage IIIC disease. According to FIGO 2009, 5-year OS rates were 87.3%, 80.5% (p=0.076), and PFS rates were 82.8%, 77.5% (p=0.036) for stage IB1 and IB2, respectively. According to FIGO 2018, the 5-year OS rates for stage IB1, IB2, and IB3 were 89.8%, 87.1%, and 81.4% (p=0.310), and PFS rates were 90.2%, 80.5%, and 80.1% (p=0.189), respectively. Patients with ≥2 pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases had worse 5-year OS and PFS rates than patients with one metastasis (p=0.015 and p=0.006). Number of para-aortic LN metastasis and metastatic LN ratio (MLNR) were also correlated with 5-year OS and PFS. CONCLUSION Current FIGO staging system better discriminates patients with cervical cancer. However, integration of metastatic LN number and/or MLNR to the upcoming FIGO staging system may improve the prognostic value of the staging.