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Rationale: Stress urinary incontinence is still a "battlefield" for many minimally invasive therapies, but, unfortunately, few can restore the anatomical and functional background of this disorder. Objective: Assessing the latest minimally invasive procedures of intra and perisphincterian injection of autologous stem cells. Method and Result: The first stem cell implantation (myoblasts and /or mature fibroblasts grown and multiplied in the laboratory from biopsy samples taken from the pectoralis muscle) in the urethral sphincter was performed on October 18, 2010, in “Fundeni” Clinic of Urology and Renal Transplantation, in Romania. Discussion: The follow-up at six weeks with the quality of life questionnaires, micturition diary and clinical examination revealed a decrease of urine loss from six pads/ day at one per day, which significantly improved the patient’s quality of life according to visual analogue scale. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations will continue and will be future scientific topics. Abbreviations: SUI = stress urinary incontinence; TVT = tension free vaginal tape; TVT-O = tension free vaginal tape obturator; QoL = quality of life

Objective: Treatment of stress urinary incontinence consists of a wide range of options, from conservative therapies like lifestyle changes, medication, pelvic floor muscles exercises, electro-stimulation, to minimally invasive procedures- injection of collagen, suburethral slings TVT / TOT and last but not least, invasive surgical treatment reserved for recurrent and complex cases. Among the latest minimally invasive procedures reported in literature, the injection of intra-and perisphincterian of autologous stem cell (mioblasts and /or mature fibroblasts grown and multiplied in the laboratory from biopsy samples taken from the pectoralis muscles). Material and method: On October 18, 2010, in ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute of Uronephrology and Renal Transplantation was performed the first stem cell implantation procedure in the urethral sphincter, in Romania. Results: Assessment at 6 weeks, the quality of life questionnaires, micturition diary and clinical examination revealed a stunning decrease of urine loss from 6 pads / day at one per day, which significantly improved the patient's quality of life. Conclusions: Stem–cell–mioblasts therapy may represent in the future an every–day intervention in the urologist's armamentarium. The effectiveness of this treatment can change the course of therapy and last but not least, the accessibility to urological evaluation of patients with stress urinary incontinence. Clinical and urodynamic evaluations will continue and will be future scientific topics

The aim of this study is to evaluate effective prognostic factors in the evolution of patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis and to establish the validity of fractal analysis in determining the disease severity in these patients. Material and Methods: This study included 19 patients (M/F: 5/14) treated for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and bilateral obstructive renal failure between Jan 2004–Dec 2008. Patients were identified retrospectively, searching for patients diagnosed with IRF, after retroperitoneal biopsy or, in most cases the diagnosis rested on radiological findings, especially CT, with identification of a retroperitoneal mass, the absence of other demonstrable renal or ureteric disease or any other pathology that could explain the findings. CT was very useful in describing the retroperitoneal mass around the aorta and inferior vena cava, the extent of the lesion and for monitoring the response to surgical treatment during the follow–up. The data were evaluated about medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory tests (serum urea and creatinine, blood sugar, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate levels, serum pH, uric acid, haematocrit, white blood cell count), imaging methods (renal ultrasound, abdominal CT–scan, MRI). At admission all patients had active disease with obstructive renal failure and underwent bilateral ureteric stenting in order to normalize the BUN levels. After normalizing of BUN levels, ureterolysis and omental wrapping was performed. Postoperatively, ureteric stents were removed after 1 month and remission of renal disfunction was obtained in approximately 5 months (range 2–10 months). All patients were followed for at least 1 year. Patients were regularly checked every 3 months. Results: Of the 19 patients, there were 5 men and 14 women. The median age at diagnosis of RF was 50 years (range 42–64 years). The most frequent presenting symptoms were back or abdominal pain, weakness, weight loss, oligoanuria, arterial hypertension and mild fever. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranged from 6 to 18 months. At presentation all patients had active disease, presenting renal dysfunction with a median serum creatinine of 5.18 mg/dl (range 1–15.4 mg/dl). Most of the patients had moderate bilateral hydronephrosis (2nd degree hydronephrosis). In our study, all patients had excellent prognosis, with full recovery of renal function in 78% of cases (15 patients). The fractal dimension of the fibrosis mass contour correlates with level of renal function impairment. Even more, the fractal dimension seems to slightly variate between CT evaluations (1.30±0.1), suggesting a non aggressive pattern of extension of the fibrotic mass characteristic for benign lesions. Conclusions: The imaging parameters did not predict the disease severity, except the increase in fractal dimension of fibrosis surface area. Efficacy of bilateral ureteric stenting in improving renal function is limited in most of the cases. Dispite the level of renal function impairment at admission, full recovery can be achieved after bilateral ureteric stenting/nephrostomy and ureterolisis.