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Background: This study aimed to investigate renal replacement therapy (RRT) practices in a representative nationwide sample of French intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: From July 1 to October 5 2021, 67 French ICUs provided data regarding their ICU and RRT implementation. We used an online questionnaire to record general data about each participating ICU, including the type of hospital, number of beds, staff ratios, and RRT implementation. Each center then prospectively recorded RRT parameters from 5 consecutive acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, namely the indication, type of dialysis catheter used, type of catheter lock used, type of RRT (continuous or intermittent), the RRT parameters initially prescribed (dose, blood flow, and duration), and the anticoagulant agent used for the circuit. Results: A total of 303 patients from 67 ICUs were analyzed. Main indications for RRT were oligo-anuria (57.4%), metabolic acidosis (52.1%), and increased plasma urea levels (47.9%). The commonest insertion site was the right internal jugular (45.2%). In 71.0% of cases, the dialysis catheter was inserted by a resident. Ultrasound guidance was used in 97.0% and isovolumic connection in 90.1%. Citrate, unfractionated heparin, and saline were used as catheter locks in 46.9%, 24.1%, and 21.1% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: Practices in French ICUs are largely compliant with current national guidelines and international literature. The findings should be interpreted in light of the limitations inherent to this type of study.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to disproportionately affect Inuit populations in Canada with some communities having over 300 times higher rate of active TB than Canadian-born, non-Indigenous people. Inuit Tuberculosis Elimination Framework has set the goal of reducing active TB incidence by at least 50% by 2025, aiming to eliminate it by 2030. Whether these goals are achievable with available resources and treatment regimens currently in practice has not been evaluated. We developed an agent-based model of TB transmission to evaluate timelines and milestones attainable in Nunavut, Canada by including case findings, contact-tracing and testing, treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI), and the government investment on housing infrastructure to reduce the average household size. The model was calibrated to ten years of TB incidence data, and simulated for 20 years to project program outcomes. We found that, under a range of plausible scenarios with tracing and testing of 25%-100% of frequent contacts of detected active cases, the goal of 50% reduction in annual incidence by 2025 is not achievable. If active TB cases are identified rapidly within one week of becoming symptomatic, then the annual incidence would reduce below 100 per 100,000 population, with 50% reduction being met between 2025 and 2030. Eliminating TB from Inuit populations would require high rates of contact-tracing and would extend beyond 2030. The findings indicate that time-to-identification of active TB is a critical factor determining program effectiveness, suggesting that investment in resources for rapid case detection is fundamental to controlling TB.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the unprecedented measures taken by many countries to slow down the spread of the coronavirus caused large economic and psychological costs. This paper uses real time survey data from two waves run at the end of March and in mid-April to provide a snapshot of the actual labour market outcomes in twelve countries. Our study reveals large cross-country differences. At the end of March, when large disparity existed in the diffusion of the pandemic and in the lockdown measures, a large share of employed individuals had stopped working in France (38%) and Italy (47%), but much less in Australia (13%) and the US (10%). Large differences remained in mid-April. Yet, some common patterns emerge. Labour market outcomes varied according to workers’ educational attainments and occupation types. College graduates and white collars worked more from home and less from the regular workplace. Instead, low educated workers and blue collars were more likely to remain in the regular work place or to stop working. Similar patterns emerge with respect to the workers’ (family) income. This evidence suggests that initial labour market effects of COVID-19 (and of the lockdown measures) may have contributed to increase pre-existing inequalities.

Written with the suppression of the Tunisian students by their own government in view, Michel Foucault’s March 1968 ‘Linguistics and Social Sciences’ opens up a new horizon of historical inquiry and epitomises Foucault’s abiding interest in formulating new methods for studying the interaction of language and power. Translated into English for the first time by Jonathan D.S. Schroeder and Chantal Wright, this remarkable lecture constitutes Foucault’s most explicit and sustained statement of his project to revolutionise history by transposing the analysis of logical relations into the history of knowledge.

International audience; It’s his money, he can do what he likes with it”Economic socialisation and access to consumerism through pocket moneyBased on a qualitative study using interviews conducted with young people aged 10 to 19 and their parents, the article shows to what extent pocket money is a tool for economic socialisation in the family, as well as a means of accessing teen culture. The article sheds light on the forms of social marking and specific significations associated with pocket money. It means that some spending becomes possible, others kinds seem to be not legitimate, depending on the amount of money available but also because it is “pocket money.”; À partir d’une étude qualitative menée par entretiens auprès de jeunes âgés de 10 à 19 ans et de leurs parents, l’article montre dans quelle mesure l’argent de poche est un outil de socialisation économique familiale, ainsi qu’un moyen d’accéder à la culture adolescente. Il met également en évidence les formes de marquage social et les significations sociales spécifiques associées à l’argent de poche. Des dépenses deviennent envisageables, d’autres paraissent illégitimes, non pas seulement en fonction de la quantité d’argent disponible, mais aussi en raison du fait qu’il s’agit d’« argent de poche ».

The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the largest neurogenic region of the postnatal forebrain, containing neural stem cells (NSCs) that emerge from both the embryonic pallium and subpallium. Despite of this dual origin, glutamatergic neurogenesis declines rapidly after birth, while GABAergic neurogenesis persists throughout life. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the postnatal dorsal V-SVZ for unraveling the mechanisms leading to pallial lineage germinal activity silencing. We show that pallial NSCs enter a state of deep quiescence, characterized by high bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, reduced transcriptional activity and Hopx expression, while in contrast, subpallial NSCs remain primed for activation. Induction of deep quiescence is paralleled by a rapid blockade of glutamatergic neuron production and differentiation. Last, manipulation of Bmpr1a demonstrates its key role in mediating these effects. Together, our results highlight a central role of BMP signaling in synchronizing quiescence induction and blockade of neuronal differentiation to rapidly silence pallial germinal activity after birth.

PDF - 3176KB, Characterization of B16F10 wt and msVEGFR2 expressing clones 13.3 and 16.4 tumors in vivo.

PDF - 86KB, Construction maps for the pIFP1.4-HREmsVEGFR2 and pHREmsVEGFR2 vector

PDF - 2157KB, Characterization of the transfected clones for msVEGFR2 and mVEGF-A production.

PDF - 1037KB, Effect of the IFP1.4 and mCherry expression on the B16F10 cells proliferation.

PDF - 2705KB, Expression of VEGFRs on the surface of B16F10-msVEGFR2 melanoma clone 13.3 and 16.4.

PDF - 150KB, Supplementary Materials and Methods and legends for Supplementary Figures 1 through 6.

International audience

Increased risks of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and leukemia associated with computed tomography (CT) exposure during childhood have been reported in recent epidemiological studies. However, no evidence of increased risks was suggested in a previous analysis of the French CT cohort. This study benefits from an updated cohort with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size of patients.The patients were followed from the date of their first CT (between 2000 and 2011) until their date of cohort exit defined as the earliest among the following: 31 December 2016, date of death, date of first cancer diagnosis or date of their 18At the end of follow-up, mean cumulative doses were 27.7 and 10.3 mGy for the brain and the red bone marrow (RBM), respectively. In patients without PFs, an HR per 10 mGy of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01-1.09) for CNS tumors, 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09-1.26) for leukemia, and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.63-1.45) for lymphoma was estimated. These estimates were not modified by the inclusion of CT scans performed outside the participating hospitals or after the inclusion period.This study shows statistically significant dose-response relationships for CNS tumors and leukemia for patients without PFs.• Computed tomography is the most important contributor to the collective dose for diagnostic imaging to the French population. • Concerns have been raised about possible cancer risks, particularly after exposure to CT in childhood, due to the greater radiation sensitivity of children and to their longer life expectancy. • Analysis of the updated French CT cohort shows statistically significant dose-response relationships for CNS tumors and leukemia.

International audience; Objective: To explore the regulatory role of soluble CD146 (sCD146) and its interaction with galectin-1 (Gal1) in placenta-mediated complications of pregnancy.Design: Prospective pilot and experimental studies.Setting: University-affiliated hospital and academic research laboratory.Patient(s): One hundred fifteen women divided into three groups: 30 healthy, nonpregnant women, 50 women with normal pregnancies, and 35 with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.Intervention(s): Wound-healing experiments were conducted to study trophoblast migration.Main outcome measure(s): Quantification of sCD146 and Gal1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of trophoblast migration by wound closure.Result(s): Concomitant detection of sCD146 and Gal1 showed lower sCD146 and higher Gal1 concentrations in women with normal pregnancies compared with nonpregnant women. In addition, follow-up of these women revealed a decrease in sCD146 associated with an increase in Gal1 throughout pregnancy. In contrast, in women with preeclampsia, we found significantly higher sCD146 concentrations compared with women with normal pregnancies and no modification of Gal1. We emphasize the opposing effects of sCD146 and Gal, since, unlike Gal1, sCD146 inhibits trophoblast migration. Moreover, the migratory effect of Gal1 was abrogated with the use of an anti-CD146 blocking antibody or the use of small interfering RNA to silence VEGFR2 expression. This suggests that trophoblast migration is mediated though the interaction of Gal1 with CD146, further activating the VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Significantly, sCD146 blocked the migratory effects of Gal1 on trophoblasts and inhibited its secretion, suggesting that sCD146 acts as a ligand trap.Conclusion(s): Soluble CD146 could be proposed as a biomarker in preeclampsia and a potential therapeutic target. Clinical trial registration number: NCT 01736826.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01736826.

We examine relationships between interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors and adequate responding in face-to-face survey interviews. We videotaped professional interviewers administering face-to-face survey interviews and coded them for three interviewer nonverbal behaviors: smiling, nodding, and direct gaze. These nonverbal interviewer behaviors were associated with significant increases in the frequency of respondents’ adequate responses. Moreover, the nonverbal behaviors were equally likely to present in standardized and unstandardized utterances. These results suggest that interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors positively correlate with adequate responding without deviating from standardized interview protocols. We discuss implications for survey theory and interviewer training.

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to the health and welfare of humans and animals. Our knowledge about pathogens carried by ticks of Australian wildlife is limited. This study aimed to characterise ticks and tick-borne microorganisms from a range of wildlife species across six sites in Victoria, Australia. Following morphological and molecular characterisation (targeting 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase I), tick DNA extracts (n = 140) were subjected to microfluidic real-time PCR-based screening for the detection of microorganisms and Rickettsia-specific real-time qPCRs. Five species of ixodid ticks were identified, including Aponomma auruginans, Ixodes (I.) antechini, I. kohlsi, I. tasmani and I. trichosuri. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA sequences of I. tasmani revealed two subclades, indicating a potential cryptic species. The microfluidic real-time PCR detected seven different microorganisms as a single (in 13/45 ticks) or multiple infections (27/45). The most common microorganisms detected were Apicomplexa (84.4%, 38/45) followed by Rickettsia sp. (55.6%, 25/45), Theileria sp. (22.2% 10/45), Bartonella sp. (17.8%, 8/45), Coxiella-like sp. (6.7%, 3/45), Hepatozoon sp. (2.2%, 1/45), and Ehrlichia sp. (2.2%, 1/45). Phylogenetic analyses of four Rickettsia loci showed that the Rickettsia isolates detected herein potentially belonged to a novel species of Rickettsia. This study demonstrated that ticks of Australian wildlife carry a diverse array of microorganisms. Given the direct and indirect human–wildlife–livestock interactions, there is a need to adopt a One Health approach for continuous surveillance of tick-associated pathogens/microorganisms to minimise the associated threats to animal and human health.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Principle component analysis reveals DHEA+4 (arrow) as a potential outlier and was removed from subsequent analysis. Supplementary Figure 2. (a) MS/MS spectra of pyridine at increasing eV. (b) Follicular fluid testerosterone levels as measured by metabolomics. DHEA+, POR subjects on DHEA supplementation and DHEA- control without DHEA supplementation. Supplementary Figure 3. (a) Dot Plots of Linoleic acid and L-Valine after removal of women with endometriosis (N=5), (b) ROC curves of Linoleic acid and L-Valine after removal of women with endometriosis (N=5). Supplementary Figure 4. Histograms of estradiol, anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), DHEA-sulphate and insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGFBP-1) concentrations as determined by immunoassay. NS, not significant. Supplementary Figure 5. Scatter plots of (a) progesterone with IGF-1 (Pearson r: 0.6757, p

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data- generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncer- tainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In sci- ence, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence- generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sam- ple. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants.

Concerns have been raised about possible cancer risks after exposure to computed tomography (CT) scans in childhood. The health effects of ionizing radiation are then estimated from the absorbed dose to the organs of interest which is calculated, for each CT scan, from dosimetric numerical models, like the one proposed in the NCICT software. Given that a dosimetric model depends on input parameters which are most often uncertain, the calculation of absorbed doses is inherently uncertain. A current methodological challenge in radiation epidemiology is thus to be able to account for dose uncertainty in risk estimation. A preliminary important step can be to identify the most influential input parameters implied in dose estimation, before modelling and accounting for their related uncertainty in radiation-induced health risks estimates. In this work, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis was performed to rank by influence the uncertain input parameters of the NCICT software implied in brain and red bone marrow doses estimation, for four classes of CT examinations. Two recent sensitivity indices, especially adapted to the case of dependent input parameters, were estimated, namely: the Shapley effects and the Proportional Marginal Effects (PME). This provides a first comparison of the respective behavior and usefulness of these two indices on a real medical application case. The conclusion is that Shapley effects and PME are intrinsically different, but complementary. Interestingly, we also observed that the proportional redistribution property of the PME allowed for a clearer importance hierarchy between the input parameters.

Rationale A patient presented an orellanian syndrome which required dialysis, followed by a myocarditis a month later. The MRI showed a typical toxic pattern, while the diagnostic workup excluded any other possible cause. The aim of the present work is to review the acute cardiotoxicity induced by mushroom poisoning. Methods We searched MEDLINE and Embase for articles published before the 19/10/21 whose title or abstract included keywords related to mushrooms and cardiac injury. Studies on humans redacted in English or French were included. The main aim of the review was to estimate the prevalence of cardiac complications among reported intoxications. Causal imputation and the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) were calculated for each study which provided sufficient individual data. Mushroom identification was registered when available. A sensibility analysis of cardiac injury prevalence, PSS and involved mushroom species was conducted on cases adjudicated at least with a “likely” (3/4) on the causal imputation scale.

International audience; CD146 involvement was recently described in skin fibrosis of systemic sclerosis through its regulation of the Wnt pathway. Because the interaction between Wnt and ROS signaling plays a major role in fibrosis, we hypothesized that in systemic sclerosis, CD146 may regulate Wnt/ROS crosstalk. Using a transcriptomic and western blot analysis performed on CD146 wild-type or knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we showed a procanonical Wnt hallmark in the absence of CD146 that is reversed when CD146 expression is restored. We found an elevated ROS content in knockout cells and an increase in DNA oxidative damage in the skin sections of knockout mice compared with those of wild-type mice. We also showed that ROS increased CD146 and its noncanonical Wnt ligand, WNT5A, only in wild-type cells. In humans, fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis presented higher ROS content and expressed CD146, whereas control fibroblasts did not. Moreover, CD146 and its ligand were upregulated by ROS in both human fibroblasts. The increase in bleomycin-induced WNT5A expression was abrogated when CD146 was silenced. We showed an interplay between Wnt and ROS signaling in systemic sclerosis, regulated by CD146, which promotes the noncanonical Wnt pathway and prevents ROS signaling, opening the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.

International audience; Lorsqu’elles prennent le pouvoir en Ouganda en 1986, les nouvelles élites politiques du Mouvement de résistance nationale (NRM) promeuvent un modèle de citoyenneté refondée au nom duquel les citoyen·nes doivent prendre en charge leur sécurité. Cet article reconstitue l’épaisseur sociale et historique des conceptions du civisme et de l’appartenance qui s’expriment à travers la participation à l’ordre en articulant plusieurs échelles : transnationale, nationale, régionale et locale. Si ces dispositifs ont été très critiqués du fait de la violence dont ils sont la source, ils peuvent aussi être le support de la production de communautés morales. Loin d’être antagoniques, les conceptions de l’ordre et de la citoyenneté exprimées et produites par le bas et par le haut à travers la participation à l’ordre se rejoignent dans l’élaboration d’un idéal du village comme berceau de la production de personnes civiques.

Background In ineffective erythropoiesis, hepcidin synthesis is suppressed by erythroid regulators, namely erythroferrone and growth differentiation factor-15. For the first time, the hypothesis that iron overload in megaloblastic anemia may be related to ineffective erythropoiesis is explored by describing the kinetics of hepcidin, erythroferrone, and growth differentiation factor-15 levels in a patient diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia associated with iron overload. Case presentation An 81-year-old Caucasian male was admitted for fatigue. He had type-2 diabetes previously treated with metformin, ischemic cardiac insufficiency, and stage-3 chronic kidney disease. Vitiligo was observed on both hands. Biological tests revealed normocytic non-regenerative anemia associated with hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and elevated sideremia, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels. Megaloblastic anemia was confirmed with undetectable blood vitamin B12 and typical cytological findings like hyper-segmented neutrophils in blood and megaloblasts in bone marrow. The patient received vitamin B12 supplementation. At 3 months, biological parameters reached normal values. Hepcidin kinetics from diagnosis to 3 months inversely correlated with those of erythroferrone and growth differentiation factor-15. Conclusions This case suggests that iron-overload mechanisms of dyserythropoietic anemias may apply to megaloblastic anemias.

Oryzias latipes is an important model organism for physiology, genetics, and developmental studies, and has also emerged as a relevant vertebrate model for aquatic ecotoxicology. Knowledge regarding its associated microbiota on the other hand is still scarce and limited to adults, despite the relevance of the associated microbiome to the host’s biology. This study provides the first insights into the establishment of bacterial microbiota during early developmental stages of laboratory-reared medaka using a 16S-rRNA-sequencing-based approach. Major shifts in community compositions are observed, from a Proteobacteria-dominated community in larvae and juveniles to a more phylum-diverse community towards adulthood, with no obvious difference between female and male specimens. Major bacterial taxa found in adults, including genera Cetobacterium and ZOR0006, establish progressively and are rare during early stages. Dominance shifts are comparable to those documented in another major model teleost, the zebrafish. Results from this study provide a basis for future work investigating the influence of medaka-associated bacteria during host development.

The tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) with adhesive phenotype can use platelets for dissemination and colonization of distant tissues and organs, and it has been shown that they can be found concentrated in the platelet fraction of blood. This study shows the differential presence of TBPs in samples of human platelet fraction (n = 68), whole blood samples (n = 68) and ticks collected (n = 76) from the same individuals, using an unbiased high-throughput pathogen detection microfluidic system. The clinical symptoms were characterized in enrolled patients. In patients with suspected TBP infection, serological assays were conducted to test for the presence of antibodies against specific TBPs. Tick species infesting humans were identified as Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata. Eight patients developed local skin lesions at the site of the tick bite including non-specific lesions, itching sensation at the lesion site, and eschar. Most common TBPs detected in platelet fraction were Borrelia spielmanii and Rickettsia sp., followed by Borrelia afzelii and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Multiple infections with three TBPs were detected in platelet fraction. In whole blood, most common TBPs detected were Anaplasma spp. and A. phagocytophilum, followed by Rickettsia spp. and B. afzelii. In ticks, the most common TBP detected was Rickettsia spp., followed by Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma spp. Overall, nine different pathogens with variable prevalence were identified using species-specific primers, and the most common was Rickettsia helvetica. In three patients, there were no coincidences between the TBPs detected in whole blood and tick samples. Only in one patient was detected A. phagocytophilum in both, whole blood and tick samples. These results suggest the unequal detection of TBPs in whole blood, platelet fraction and ticks collected, from the same individual. The results justify the use of both whole blood and platelet fraction for molecular diagnosis of TBPs in patients.

Mediterranean spotted fever-like illness (MSF-like illness) is a tick-borne disease caused by

Mediterranean spotted fever-like illness (MSF-like illness) is a tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae first reported in France more than 25 years ago. Until today, more than 50 cases of MSF-like illness have been reported in different regions of Europe and Africa, highlighting variable clinical manifestation. Here we report a case of MSF-like illness following a bite from a Hyalomma tick in the Skopje region of North Macedonia.

International audience

Natural populations experience continuous and often transient changes of environmental conditions. These in turn may result in fluctuating selection pressures leading to variable demographic and evolutionary population responses. Rapid adaptation as short-term response to a sudden environmental change has in several cases been attributed to polygenic traits, but the underlying genomic dynamics and architecture are poorly understood. In this study, took advantage of a natural experiment in an insect population by monitoring genome-wide allele frequencies before and after a cold snap event. Whole genome pooled sequencing of time series samples revealed ten selected haplotypes carrying ancient polymorphisms, partially with signatures of balancing selection. By constantly cold exposing genetically variable individuals in the laboratory, we could demonstrate with whole genome resequencing i) among the survivors, the same alleles rose in frequency as in the wild and ii) that the identified variants additively predicted fitness (survival time) of its bearers. Finally, by simultaneously sequencing the genome and the transcriptome of cold exposed individuals we could tentatively link some of the selected SNPs to the cis- and trans-regulation of genes and pathways known to be involved in cold response of insects, like Cytochrome P450 and fatty acid metabolism. Altogether, our results shed light on the strength and speed of selection in natural populations and the genomic architecture of its underlying polygenic trait. Population genomic time series data thus appear as promising tool for measuring the selective tracking of fluctuating selection in natural populations.

About a third of patients suffering from major depression develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intravenous ketamine have proven effective for the management of TRD, many patients remain refractory to treatment. We present the case of a patient suffering from bipolar TRD. The patient was referred to us after failure to respond to first-and second-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. After minimal response to both rTMS and ketamine alone, we attempted a combination rTMS and ketamine protocol, which led to complete and sustained remission. Various comparable and complimentary mechanisms of antidepressant action of ketamine and rTMS are discussed, which support further study of this combination therapy. Future research should focus on the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of this novel approach.

Objective: We assessed the association between fetal sex and the likelihood of marriage during pregnancy.Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 1,334,911 women who were unmarried at conception and had a live birth between 1990 and 2018 in Quebec, Canada. The exposure was fetal sex, determined by ultrasound. The outcome was marriage during pregnancy. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of child sex with the likelihood of marriage during pregnancy according to region of origin.Results: Among women who were unmarried at conception, 13.1% of foreign-born women got married during pregnancy compared with 2.6% of Canadian-born women. Women from the Middle East and North Africa who were pregnant with boys were 1.13 times more likely to marry during pregnancy compared with women who were pregnant with girls (95% CI 1.02–1.26). There was no association among Canadian-born women.Conclusion: Women from some cultural minorities who are pregnant with boys may be more likely to marry during pregnancy in Western settings. Gender inequality may manifest as a preference for sons that influences the likelihood of marriage.

International audience; Voici raconté ce grand laboratoire de sciences humaines et sociales qu'est le CEVIPOF, à travers les récits des chercheurs et chercheuses qui s'y sont succédé, les modèles et concepts qu’ils ont forgés et discutés, les témoignages des personnalités du monde politique, intellectuel et social qui ont travaillé avec lui.Depuis le début des années 1960, le CEVIPOF scrute les évolutions et les recompositions de la vie politique, forme des cohortes d'étudiants et de spécialistes, participe au débat public et à la confrontation des idées. Voici raconté ce grand laboratoire de sciences humaines et sociales, à travers les récits des chercheurs et chercheuses qui s’y sont succédé, les modèles et concepts qu’ils ont forgés et discutés, les témoignages des personnalités du monde politique, intellectuel et social qui ont travaillé avec lui. (Quatrième de couverture)

Une crise succède à l’autre. Lors de la précédente enquête réalisée par le CEVIPOF et l’AMF en 2020, la gestion de la crise sanitaire était au cœur des préoccupations des maires dans un contexte d’élections municipales. Deux ans plus tard, la crise énergétique accélérée par la guerre en Ukraine ouvre une période de fortes incertitudes pour l’avenir des communes. En effet, les conséquences financières de la facture énergétique mettent en péril l’équilibre budgétaire de plusieurs communes. Malgré le filet de sécurité et le dispositif « amortisseur électricité », les maires interrogés dans notre enquête expriment de fortes inquiétudes sur l’avenir immédiat de leur commune. Quelles sont les voies possibles d’action publique ? Sont-elles soutenables à plus long terme ?