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58 results on '"Forni, Guido"'

1. A multi-scale model of virus pandemic: Heterogeneous interactive entities in a globally connected world

Author

Bellomo, Nicola, Bingham, Richard D., Chaplain, Mark A. J., Dosi, Giovanni, Forni, Guido, Knopoff, Damian A., Lowengrub, John, Twarock, Reidun, and Virgillito, Maria Enrica

Subjects
C60, immune competition, networks, ddc:330, COVID-19, living systems, multiscale problems, D30, complexity, spatial patterns
Abstract

This paper is devoted to the multidisciplinary modelling of a pandemic initiated by an aggressive virus, specifically the so-called SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, corona virus n.2. The study is developed within a multiscale framework accounting for the interaction of different spatial scales, from the small scale of the virus itself and cells, to the large scale of individuals and further up to the collective behaviour of populations. An interdisciplinary vision is developed thanks to the contributions of epidemiologists, immunologists and economists as well as those of mathematical modellers. The first part of the contents is devoted to understanding the complex features of the system and to the design of a modelling rationale. The modelling approach is treated in the second part of the paper by showing both how the virus propagates into infected individuals, successfully and not successfully recovered, and also the spatial patterns, which are subsequently studied by kinetic and lattice models. The third part reports the contribution of research in the fields of virology, epidemiology, immune competition, and economy focused also on social behaviours. Finally, a critical analysis is proposed looking ahead to research perspectives.

Published
2020

3. Environmental signals influencing expression of the IFN-gamma receptor on human T cells control whether IFN-gamma promotes proliferation or apoptosis

Author

Novelli, Francesco, DI PIERRO, F., FRANCIA DI CELLE, P., Bertini, S., Affaticati, P., Garotta, G., and Forni, Guido

Subjects
Interferon-gamma, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Apoptosis, Thymus Gland, In Vitro Techniques, Lymphocyte Activation, Culture Media, DNA Damage, Receptors, Interferon
Abstract

IFN-gamma R expression is subject to contrasting modulation on human T cells. IFN-gamma R constitutive expression is low on three human malignant T cells (ST4, PF382, and Jurkat) growing in medium supplemented with serum. The addition of IFN-gamma down-modulates IFN-gamma R expression and increases both proliferation and MHC class I Ag expression. By contrast, when malignant T cells are cultured in medium without serum, IFN-gamma R expression dramatically increases and the cells undergo a slow apoptotic death. The addition of IFN-gamma enhances apoptosis and inhibits cell rescue in serum-supplemented medium. This opposite ability of IFN-gamma to stimulate malignant T cell proliferation or death correlates with the intensity of IFN-gamma R cell expression, high expression being a marker for cell apoptosis. IFN-gamma R up-modulation also occurs on malignant T cells undergoing apoptosis after treatment with dexamethasone, on irradiated normal CD3+ PBL, and on cultured normal CD3+ thymocytes. Moreover, the ability of IFN-gamma to augment apoptosis of highly IFN-gamma R-positive thymocytes suggests that its role in promoting T cell apoptosis is also important in physiologic conditions.

Published
1994
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6. Vaccination to kitL: a new approach to inhibit tumor angiogenesis

Author

Olgasi, Cristina, Dentelli, Patrizia, Trombetta, Antonella, Rosso, Arturo, Togliatto, Gabriele Maria, Iavello, Alessandra, Castelli, Ada, Gili, Maddalena, Alberto, Orsello, Simone, Prestigio, Forni, Guido, Cavallo, Federica, and Brizzi, Maria Felice

Published
2011

9. A better immune reaction to Erbb-2

Author

Quaglino, Elena, Mastini, Cristina, Riccardo, Federica, Ercole, E, Montani, M, Forni, Guido, and Cavallo, Federica

Published
2010

37. Antiblastic chemotherapy drugs up-modulate interferon-gamma receptor expression on human malignant T cells

Author

Novelli, Francesco, Allione, A., Bernabei, P., Rigamonti, L., and Forni, Guido

Subjects
T-Lymphocytes, Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Flow Cytometry, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Up-Regulation, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell, Cisplatin, Cell Division, Etoposide, Receptors, Interferon
Abstract

We have previously shown that the contrasting ability of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) either to stimulate the proliferation of malignant T cells or to induce their apoptosis is determined by the low and high intensity of IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R) expression, respectively. High IFN-gamma R expression is a marker for the T cell stress that precedes apoptosis. In this paper, we show that a 12- to 24-h culture of three human malignant T-cell lines displaying distinct differentiation stages (ST4, PF382, and Jurkat) in medium supplemented with four chemotherapy drugs (etoposide, cisplatin, cytarabine, and daunomycin) up-modulates their IFN-gamma R expression followed by their apoptosis after 24-48 h later. Increased IFN-gamma R expression (by at least an order of magnitude) was observed in 30 to 90% of cells during exposure to pharmacologic drug concentrations. Timely combination of chemotherapy drugs with IFN-gamma may thus provide a more effective way of inhibiting the progress of human malignant T cells through synergistic induction of their apoptosis.

Published
1997

38. Switching on of the proliferation or apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes by IFN-gamma is correlated with the differential expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor

Author

Novelli, Francesco, Bernabei, P, Ozmen, L, Rigamonti, L., Allione, A, Pestka, S, Garotta, G, and Forni, Guido

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Superantigens, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Apoptosis, Receptors, Interleukin-2, Lymphocyte Activation, Enterotoxins, Interferon-gamma, Kinetics, Pokeweed Mitogens, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Antigens, CD, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Interleukin-2, fas Receptor, Phytohemagglutinins, Receptors, Interferon
Abstract

To find out how physiologically secreted IFN-gamma controls either the proliferation or the apoptosis of human T lymphocytes, the kinetics of expression of the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor (IFN-gamma R) were sequentially followed on T lymphocytes first activated with PHA and then cultured in the presence of IL-2, and related to the kinetics of expression of Fas, Bcl-2, and IL-2R p55 chain. Both IFN-gamma R chains were poorly expressed on the membrane of resting T lymphocytes. Following their stimulation with PHA, IFN-gamma R alpha but not IFN gamma R beta-chain up-modulated before T lymphocyte entry into the S phase, and then IFN-gamma R alpha down-modulated when they passed through the S and G2/M. The ensuing proliferative response was inhibited by an anti-IFN-gamma R alpha mAb that impeded the binding of IFN-gamma. When PHA-activated T lymphoblasts were cultured for 16 days with IL-2, IFN-gamma R alpha expression increased, whereas that of the beta-chain remained barely detectable. Fas and Bcl-2 were both highly expressed. When these T lymphoblasts were restimulated by PHA, OKT3, or Staphylococcus enterotoxin beta-pokeweed mitogen, both chains up-modulated and most cells underwent apoptosis in a way apparently independent of Bcl-2, but not of Fas. This apoptosis, too, was prevented by the anti-IFN-gamma R alpha mAb. Physiologically secreted IFN-gamma is thus involved in the activation of resting T lymphocytes and in the apoptosis of reactivated lymphoblasts. However, high expression of IFN-gamma R beta took place when IFN-gamma induced apoptosis, but not when it induced proliferation. In conclusion, a correlation exists between differential expression of the IFN-gamma R beta-chain and the delivery by IFN-gamma of proliferative or apoptotic signals.

Published
1996

42. TUMORI

Author

Forni, Guido and Novelli, Francesco

Published
1993

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