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Adsorption-based carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage technologies aim to mitigate the accumulation of anthropogenic greenhouse gases that cause climate change. It is assumed that porous carbons as adsorbents are able to demonstrate the effectiveness of these technologies over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The present study aimed to investigate the temperature-induced changes in the dimensions of the microporous carbon adsorbent Sorbonorit 4, as well as the carbon dioxide adsorption, by using in situ dilatometry. The nonmonotonic changes in the dimensions of Sorbonorit 4 under vacuum were found with increasing temperature from 213 to 573 K. At T > 300 K, the thermal linear expansion coefficient of Sorbonorit 4 exceeded that of a graphite crystal, reaching 5 × 10−5 K at 573 K. The CO2 adsorption onto Sorbonorit 4 gave rise to its contraction at low temperatures and pressures or to its expansion at high temperatures over the entire pressure range. An inversion of the temperature dependence of the adsorption-induced deformation (AID) of Sorbonorit-4 was observed. The AID of Sorbonorit-4 and differential isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption plotted as a function of carbon dioxide uptake varied within the same intervals of adsorption values, reflecting the changes in the state of adsorbed molecules caused by contributions from adsorbate–adsorbent and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. A simple model of nanoporous carbon adsorbents as randomly oriented nanocrystallites interconnected by a disordered carbon phase is proposed to represent the adsorption- and temperature-induced deformation of nanocrystallites with the macroscopic deformation of the adsorbent granules.

Based on the analysis of contemporary theoretical and practical research in the fields of social philosophy, sociology and social psychology, the author considers trends related to the interpretation of the phenomenon of ethnic identity. A multiple interpretation of this phenomenon is described, which allows us to study its different forms and degrees of manifestation. Network social media, multi-ethnic urban environment and processes in non-systemic politics are considered as socio-cultural factors that influence the transformation of the phenomenon under consideration. It is concluded that the process of ethnic identification cannot be further unambiguously identified with a scale directed from the zero state (identity is not formed) to the positive pole (identity is formed and expressed). Instead of this onedimensional interpretation, a metaphor of space, which includes different forms and degrees of expression of ethnic identity, is proposed.

The experience of modern combat use of weapons and military equipment in the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine confirmed the need to review the existing requirements not only for individual samples, but in particular for the automobile platform. The automobile base consists of technically outdated equipment brands (Ural, Zil, GAZ, KAMAZ, Maz, UAZ), the manufacturer of which is the USSR, and the modern supplier of spare parts is the Russian Federation. If it was used for more than an operational period in connection, then problems began to arise. Purpose of the article. Justification of the composition of equipment and communication facilities of the complex hardware of the communications and cybersecurity troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, depending on the purpose and functional tasks. Materials and methods. To solve the tasks set, a set of theoretical research methods was used: historical analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem; structural and genetic analysis and synthesis when clarifying the object and subject of research; the method of convergence from abstract to concrete; method of analytical and comparative analysis in analytical and comparative assessment of the novelty of research results; synthesis and generalization – to substantiate the methodological and methodological foundations of the study; generalization – the formulation of conclusions and recommendations for continuing further research. The result. The existing fleet of complex hardware Communications was constructed by the forces of the repair bases of the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to the unapproved established order projects for the modernization of command and staff vehicles of the old fleet (R-142 and R-145) (up to type A2M1-04) and re-equipped with the latest models of the hardware of the old fleet type P-258, P-256, P-240, P-241, P-238 and P-178. a variable approach to the choice of the automobile base and the complete set of mobile telecommunications kit and means of communication makes it possible to quickly organize all types of communication in any field conditions.

Dicyclopropanated 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (dcpVNB) is a strained polycyclic hydrocarbon compound with a high energy content, which makes it promising for the development of propellant components based on it. In this work, the genotoxic properties of dcpVNB were studied using whole-cell lux-biosensors based on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. It was shown that the addition of dcpVNB to bacterial cells leads to the appearance of DNA damage inducing the SOS response and Dps expression with slight activation of the OxyR-mediated response to oxidative stress. The highest toxic effect of dcpVNB is detected by the following lux-biosensors: E. coli pColD-lux, E. coli pDps, B. subtilis pNK-DinC, and B. subtilis pNK-MrgA, in which the genes of bacterial luciferases are transcriptionally fused to the corresponding promoters: Pcda, Pdps, PdinC, and PmrgA. It was shown that lux-biosensors based on B. subtilis, and E. coli are almost equally sensitive to dcpVNB, which indicates the same permeability to this compound of cell wall of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The activation of Pdps after dcpVNB addition maintains even in oxyR mutant E. coli strains, which means that the Pdps induction is only partially determined by the OxyR/S regulon. Comparison of specific stress effects caused by dcpVNB and 2-ethyl(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) (EBH), characterized by the absence of cyclopropanated groups, shows that structural changes in hydrocarbons could significantly change the mode of toxicity.

Background. The article considers and justifies the need to take into account the indicators that characterize the amount of balance reserves involved in the development, as well as the increase in recoverable oil reserves due to EOR, when evaluating the technological efficiency of the treatment of the alignment of the pick-up profile (RUNWAY). Aim. If the increase in recoverable reserves is significantly less than production, this will lead to a loss of oil production potential. This fact is of particular importance in the conditions of the arrangement of the old squares and the presence of a developed infrastructure on them. Materials and methods. Materials were used to assess the dynamics and degree of development of oil reserves, calculations of the increase in recoverable reserves. Results. The article presents the results of the accumulated technological efficiency of work to improve oil recovery using various technologies for leveling the intake profile (runway) and non-stationary flooding at the facilities of Subsurface user in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra on the basis of system-targeted impact on the reservoir. The article also presents materials on the assessment of the dynamics and degree of development of oil reserves, as well as calculations of the increase in recoverable reserves. Conclusions. Calculations based on the assessment of the increase in initial and residual recoverable oil reserves from the implementation of annual EOR programs carried out in accordance with the methodology of PJSC Gazpromneft indicate that the implementation of these programs contributes to additional involvement in the active development of previously poorly drained or non-drained oil reserves.

Carbon microporous adsorbents obtained on the basis of polymers are promising adsorbents for the tasks of adsorption storage of natural gas due to the possibility of creating a precise porous structure, as well as optimal mechanical characteristics. A study of the adsorption of methane in a carbon adsorbent based on a composite polymer of furfural and epoxy resin in the temperature range from 178 to 360 K and pressures up to 25 MPa has been carried out. The thermodynamic functions of the adsorption system—the differential molar isosteric and integral heats of adsorption, as well as the isosteric entropy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of the system are calculated. The obtained thermodynamic functions are of fundamental importance in the analysis of the properties of nanodispersed adsorbate in the micropores of the adsorbent, and can also be used as input data in modeling the thermodynamic states of experimental systems for methane storage and transportation.

Methane adsorption on a recuperated activated carbon, AR-V, was studied over the temperature range of 213–393 K and at pressures up to 10 MPa from the perspective of its potential application for adsorption-based storage and separation technologies. The porous structure, phase and chemical compositions of AR-V were examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of adsorbed methane increased with pressure up to 6.3 mmol/g at 243 K and fell dramatically to ~ 1 mmol/g with a temperature rise to 393 K. The molar differential isosteric heat of methane adsorption on AR-V was evaluated from the linear isosteres within the studied P,T-range; the effects from the non-ideality of a gaseous phase and the AR-V non-inertness were considered. The maximal summarized contribution from the AR-V thermal expansion and directly measured adsorption-induced deformation to the molar differential isosteric heat of methane adsorption turned out to be less than that from the gas compressibility. The initial drastic changes in the thermodynamic state functions of the adsorption system were attributed to the binding methane molecules with non-uniformly distributed high-energy adsorption sites. When methane molecules occupied all high-energy adsorption sites, the subsequent variations in the thermodynamic functions were governed by the intensifying attractive forces between methane molecules upon methane adsorption resulting in the formation of adsorption clusters. The temperature dependence of the isosteric heat capacity of the methane/AR-V system varied during adsorption; its value exceeded 2–3 times the isochoric heat capacity of the equilibrium methane gaseous phase.

The adsorption of propane on an ACW supermicroporous adsorbent with a wide pore size distribution at pressures up to 1 MPa and temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K was studied. The maximum value of propane adsorption at a temperature of 303 K and a pressure of 1 MPa is equal to 21.6 mmol/g. The dependences of the differential molar isosteric heat of adsorption of propane on the value of adsorption are calculated. In the initial region of micropore filling of up to ~6 mmol/g, the heat of propane adsorption on the microporous adsorbent is practically constant (~27 kJ/mol). Then, as the micropores are filled, the heat of adsorption drops to 25 and 23 kJ/mol at temperatures of 303 and 333 K, respectively. Thereafter, a sharper drop in heat occurs to 20 kJ/mol at 20 mmol/g. As a result of calculations, the temperature dependence of heat on propane adsorption is obtained in the form of a fan of curves. The experimental data are compared with the results of calculations of propane adsorption based on Dubinin’s theory of volumetric filling of micropores using the structural and energy characteristics of the adsorbent.

Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage systems are based on nanoporous adsorbents with a tailored porous structure. Activated carbons are among the most promising and widely used candidates for this application, which is explained by the availability and abundance of raw material resources. In the present work, several series of activated carbons prepared from various precursors (coconut shell, peat, polymers, silicon carbide, and mineral coal) by different routes of physical and thermochemical activation were considered in the context of the adsorbed natural gas storage applications. Based on the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores and BET method, the porous structure of these adsorbents was evaluated from standard adsorption isotherms. The XRD, SAXS, and SEM measurements revealed variations in the textural and morphological properties of the adsorbents and their dependence on the precursor and synthesis procedure. The pore sizes evaluated from the adsorption and SAXS data were compared. Experimental data on methane adsorption at the temperature of 303 K and pressures of 0.1, 3.5, and 10 MPa made it possible to identify the most effective adsorbents. It was shown that the adsorption properties of ACs prepared from peat and mineral coal are determined by surface chemistry inherited from the precursor and activating agent. In contrast, the adsorption performance of ACs from polymer and coconut shell depends solely on the pore volume and pore dimensions. The adsorption effectiveness of each AC varies with pressure as a function of textural properties. Thus, a selection of an optimal adsorbent should be adjusted for thermodynamical coditions of ANG system.

Abstract— An EC-103 microporous carbon adsorbent was synthesized from wood using thermochemically activation with Н3РО4 as an activating agent. Methane adsorption on the EC-103 adsorbent was studied within the temperature range from 303 to 333 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The total volume of sorbing pores was 1.71 cm3/g. The maximum values of methane adsorption were obtained at the temperature of 303 K and pressure of 40 MPa. The differential molar isosteric heat of methane adsorption 14.5 mmol/g (23.2 wt %) was on the average of 12−14 kJ/mol. Methane adsorption on the EC-103 adsorbent was calculated based on the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores (TVFM). It was shown that the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation and basic TVFM pattern provided the best description of experimental data on methane adsorption with the use of only the standard structural and energy characteristics of the adsorbent.

Впервые проведены комплексные исследования адсорбционной деформации - сорбострикции микропористого углеродного адсорбента ФАС-3 при адсорбции паров бензола из потока газа-носителя - азота в неравновесных условиях. Изучены изотермы адсорбции паров бензола микропористым углеродным адсорбентом ФАС-3 в равновесных условиях. Были представлены формулы и проведены расчеты изменений энтропии и внутренней энергии адсорбента в адсорбционном процессе. For the first time, complex studies were carried out on adsorption deformation - sorbostriction of the microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 at adsorption of benzene vapors from the flow of carrier gas - nitrogen in non-equilibrium conditions. Adsorption isotherms of benzene vapors by the microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 under equilibrium conditions has been studied. Calculations of changes in the entropy and internal energy of the adsorbent in the adsorption process were performed.

Objective — To compare the expression of the LC3B autophagy marker before and after treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy (HIFU) and combined therapies: androgenic deprivation AD + HIFU, AD + radiation therapy in patients with and without recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods — The objects of our study were biopsy specimens of prostates obtained from 70 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma before and after treatment. The first group consisted of patients without signs of relapse after treatment, as evidenced by a normal blood PSA level, the results of ultrasound procedure and biopsy. The second group included patients who had a recurrence of adenocarcinoma after treatment. Patients received the following cancer treatments: ultrasound ablation (HIFU), combination therapy: androgenic deprivation AD + HIFU, AD + radiation therapy. An immunohistochemical staining in two groups was performed with an anti-LC3B antibody. Results — In the group of patients without relapse, the expression of the autophagy marker sharply decreased in the tumor tissue after treatment, but it increased in the stroma of muscle connective tissue and the vascular wall. In the group of patients with relapse, the expression of anti-LC3B antibody significantly increased in tumor cells, in stroma of muscle connective tissue, and in vascular wall after treatment. In both groups, the magnitude of the autophagy marker expression did not depend on the treatment method. Conclusion — The autophagy is one of the factors contributing to the survival of prostate adenocarcinoma cells after treatment; the increase in autophagic protein expression after treatment in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma can be used to assess the risk of relapse.

A Zr–BDC metal–organic framework was synthesized by the solvothermal method using N,N‑dimethylformamide as an organic solvent at the temperature 110°С. The adsorbent thus obtained is characterized by a developed porous structure with specific BET surface SBET = 1060 m2/g, micropore volume W0 = 0.44 cm3/g, and average micropore radius х0 = 0.54 nm, which is indicative of a potentially effective adsorbent for adsorbed natural gas storage systems. The shaping parameters were determined for the Zr–BDC-based composites with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder and without the use of any binder at various compacting pressures. The influence of the shaping pressure on the packing density and structural and energy characteristics of the obtained samples was investigated. Based on the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores, the pressure dependences of the methane deliverable capacity both in the initial powdered and shaped Zr–BDC adsorbents at the temperatures of 243, 273, and 303 K were calculated for the pressures up to 100 bar. The deliverable volumetric methane capacity of the adsorption system based on the shaped Zr–BDC samples was measured in the specified thermodynamic conditions.

A one-step notion of synthesis was developed to prepare microporous activated carbons from walnut shell by physical gas activation in a CO2 atmosphere for a low-temperature methane accumulation system operating at 120, 160, and 178 K. The raw material was carbonized within a temperature range from 240 to 950°C. Temperatures close to 900°С were found to be optimal for the development of microporosity in the adsorbent in a CO2 atmosphere. Activation under these conditions made it possible to achieve a burnoff degree up to 70% and form an optimal porous structure for adsorption accumulation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vapors. The adsorbent thus obtained exhibits a high micropore volume W0 = 0.59 cm3/g, mesopore volume WМЕ = 0.33 cm3/g, specific surface SBET = 1490 m2/g, and half-width of micropores of 0.59 nm, which provided a high methane adsorption capacity. The presence of mesopores can make additional contribution to the adsorption process due to capillary condensation. The theoretical assessment of the methane adsorption capacity of the adsorbent showed that at temperatures of 120, 160, and 178 K and pressures up to 6 bars, the values of equilibrium adsorption were 15, 13.5, and 12 mmol/g, respectively.

Using the main statements of the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores (TVFM) the amount of adsorbed ethane was estimated at pressures up to 4 MPa in the temperature range lower and higher than the critical temperature (303–333 K) on the superactive microporous carbon adsorbent with the bimodal micropore size distribution and a total micropore volume of 1.44 cm3 g−1. Two approaches were applied for comparison of the accuracy of calculations: the approach based on the calculation of “standard states” of adsorption and pressure and the approach taking into account the property of linearity of adsorption isosteres of gases in broad ranges of thermodynamic parameters. Both thermodynamic approaches showed good agreement of the results with experimental data and can be recommended for precalculations of adsorption equilibria of gases and vapors on the basis of the minimum physicochemical information about the adsorbent and adsorptive. The high agreement of the experimental and calculated data provides the basis for using the adsorption characteristics obtained in the framework of the TVFM for the calculation of differential molar isosteric heats of adsorption.

The article considers the procedure for identification of unused agricultural land for its involvement in economic turnover. The object of study is the Yaroslavl and Smolensk regions of the Russian Federation, where the share of unused agricultural land is from 12 to 50%. This identification is based on the methods of planned land inventory, the main purpose of which is to assess the reasons for land disposal, the cultural and technical conditions of land and preparation of recommendations for introduction of lands into agricultural circulation. This work includes the proposals to establish the order of involvement of land plots into economic turnover.

Physicochemical regularities are studied for the synthesis of molded active carbons based on coconut shells and peat, with a latex emulsion and a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt solution being used as binding agents. The materials are obtained at compacting pressures of 25, 50, and 100 MPa. The specific surface areas of the composite samples obtained from peat and coconut shells are SBET ≈ 1320 and ≈1290 m2/g, respectively. The specific micropore volumes of the composites based on peat and coconut shells are W0 = 0.50 and 0.45 cm3/g, respectively. Latex-modified carbon samples have a higher bulk density than those molded with CMC. The molding of the active carbons is accompanied by partial degradation of their porous structure. The Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores (TVFM) has been employed to calculate the values of adsorption and active specific capacity of the molded adsorbents with respect to methane at a temperature of 273 K and a pressure of up to 100 bar. The experimental and calculated data have shown that the active capacity of the new microporous carbon composite materials may be as large as 180 m3 (NTP)/m3, when the pressure drops from 100 to 1 bar. It has been concluded that it is reasonable to employ the TVFM for preliminary calculations of the parameters of adsorption systems used for natural gas storage.

The isotherms of absolute methane adsorption in an Fe–BDC metal–organic porous structure after long-term storage were measured at a pressure as high as 40 MPa and the temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. The dependences of differential molar isosteric heats of adsorption and entropies of adsorption on methane uptake were calculated. It was shown that taking into account the nonideality of a gaseous phase and steepness of the isotherm of adsorption leads to a temperature dependence of thermodynamic functions of adsorption. Both a sharp drop in the heat of adsorption and a local maximum of the entropy at the maximum values of methane uptake are indicative of rearranging the adsorbate structure and the probable formation of molecular methane associates in micropores.

Main features of the adsorption of gases, vapors, and liquids in microporous adsorbents, adsorption deformation, and adsorption thermodynamics are considered. Data is presented from calculating gas adsorption on microporous adsorbents in the supercritical range of temperatures using molecular dynamics and the theory of volume filling of micropores. It is shown that an adsorbate in micropores undergoes no extreme changes upon transitioning through a region of the gas phase critical state. In the adsorption of gases and vapors, the adsorption deformation of a rigid adsorbent is found to be no higher than 1% and is considerably governed by the surface chemistry and porous structure of the adsorbent.

Methane adsorption in MPU-007 microporous carbon adsorbent with a wide pore size distribution was studied at a pressure as high as 40 MPa and the temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. The maximum value of methane adsorption of 43.36 wt % was achieved at 303 K and 40 MPa. The isosteres of adsorption derived from the obtained data were satisfactorily approximated by a linear function in coordinates ln P–1/Т at a constant value of adsorption. The dependences of differential molar isosteric heats of methane adsorption in MPU-007 microporous adsorbent on the value of methane adsorption were calculated at the temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. The heat of methane adsorption of 14 kJ/mol was constant at a filling of micropores as low as ≈5 mmol/g. Then it declined evenly to 8 kJ/mol at 25 mmol/g and 303 K and to 2 kJ/mol at 24 mmol/g and 323 K. Such a run of the curves describing the heats of adsorption versus adsorption value might be caused by a wide pore size distribution and the association processes in the adsorbate.

Background Ramucirumab-an IgG1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antagonistplus docetaxel was previously reported to improve progression-free survival in platinum-refractory, advanced urothelial carcinoma. Here, we report the secondary endpoint of overall survival results for the RANGE trial.Methods We did a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who progressed during or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were enrolled from 124 investigative sites (hospitals, clinics, and academic centres) in 23 countries. Previous treatment with one immune checkpoint inhibitor was permitted. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using an interactive web response system to receive intravenous ramucirumab 10 mg/kg or placebo 10 mg/kg volume equivalent followed by intravenous docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 (60 mg/m 2 in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other discontinuation criteria were met. Randomisation was stratified by geographical region, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at baseline, and visceral metastasis. Progression-free survival (the primary endpoint) and overall survival (a key secondary endpoint) were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02426125; patient enrolment is complete and the last patient on treatment is being followed up for safety issues.Findings Between July 20, 2015, and April 4, 2017, 530 patients were randomly allocated to ramucirumab plus docetaxel (n=263) or placebo plus docetaxel (n=267) and comprised the intention-to-treat population. At database lock (March 21, 2018) for the final overall survival analysis, median follow-up was 7.4 months (IQR 3.5-13.9). In our sensitivity analysis of investigator-assessed progression-free survival at the overall survival database lock, median progression-free survival remained significantly improved with ramucirumab compared with placebo (4.1 months [95% CI 3.3-4.8] vs 2.8 months [2.6-2.9]; HR 0.696 [95% CI 0.573-0.845]; p=0.0002). Median overall survival was 9.4 months (95% CI 7.9-11.4) in the ramucirumab group versus 7.9 months (7.0-9.3) in the placebo group (stratified HR 0.887 [95% CI 0.724-1.086]; p=0.25). Grade 3 or worse treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events in 5% or more of patients and with an incidence more than 2% higher with ramucirumab than with placebo were febrile neutropenia (24 [9%] of 258 patients in the ramucirumab group vs 16 [6%] of 265 patients in the placebo group) and neutropenia (17 [7%] of 258 vs six [2%] of 265). Serious adverse events were similar between groups (112 [43%] of 258 patients in the ramucirumab group vs 107 [40%] of 265 patients in the placebo group). Adverse events related to study treatment and leading to death occurred in eight (3%) patients in the ramucirumab group versus five (2%) patients in the placebo group.Interpretation Additional follow-up supports that ramucirumab plus docetaxel significantly improves progression-free survival, without a significant improvement in overall survival, for patients with platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma. Clinically meaningful benefit might be restricted in an unselected population. Copyright (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOF), potentially porous coordination structures, are envisioned for adsorption-based natural gas (ANG) storage, including mobile applications. The factors affecting the performance of the ANG system with a zirconium-based MOF with benzene dicarboxylic acid as a linker (ZrBDC) as an adsorbent were considered: textural properties of the adsorbent and thermal effect arising upon adsorption. The high-density ZrBDC-based pellets were prepared by mechanical compaction of the as-synthesized MOF powder at different pressures from 30 to 240 MPa at 298 K without a binder and mixed with polymer binders: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC). The structural investigations revealed that the compaction of ZrBDC with PVA under 30 MPa was optimal to produce the ZrBDC-PVA adsorbent with more than a twofold increase in the packing density and the lowest degradation of the porous structure. The specific total and deliverable volumetric methane storage capacities of the ZrBDC-based adsorbents were evaluated from the experimental data on methane adsorption measured up to 10 MPa and within a temperature range from 253 to 333 K. It was measured experimentally that at 253 K, an 100 mL adsorption tank loaded with the ZrBDC-PVA pellets exhibited the deliverable methane storage capacity of 172 m3(NTP)/m3 when the pressure dropped from 10 to 0.1 MPa. The methane adsorption data for the ZrBDC powder and ZrBDC-PVA pellets were used to calculate the important thermodynamic characteristic of the ZrBDC/CH4 adsorption system—the differential molar isosteric heat of adsorption, which was used to evaluate the state thermodynamic functions: entropy, enthalpy, and heat capacity. The initial heats of methane adsorption in powdered ZrBDC evaluated from the experimental adsorption isosteres were found to be ~19.3 kJ/mol, and then these values in the ZrBDC/CH4 system decreased at different rates during adsorption. In contrast, the heat of methane adsorption onto the ZrBDC-PVA pellets increased from 19.4 kJ/mol to a maximum with a magnitude, width, and position depended on temperature, and then it fell. The behaviors of the thermodynamic state functions of the ZrBDC/CH4 adsorption system were interpreted as a variation in the state of adsorbed molecules determined by a ratio of CH4-CH4 and CH4-ZrBDC interactions. The heat of adsorption was used to calculate the temperature changes of the ANG systems loaded with ZrBDC powder and ZrBDC pellets during methane adsorption under adiabatic conditions; the maximum integrated heat of adsorption was found at 273 K. The maximum temperature changes of the ANG system with the ZrBDC materials during the adsorption (charging) process did not exceed 14 K that are much lower than those reported for the systems loaded with activated carbons. The results obtained are of direct relevance for designing the adsorption-based methane storage systems for the automotive industry, developing new gas-power robotics systems and uncrewed aerial vehicles.

Cu-BTC110 metal-organic framework has been synthesized by solvothermal method using N,N '‑dimethylformamide organic solvent at 110°C. Cu-BTC110 sample has the following adsorption characteristics: micropore volume W0 = 0.38 cm3/g, specific surface area SBET = 850 m2/g, micropore radius х0 = 0.36 nm, standard characteristic energy of benzene adsorption Е0 = 33.6 kJ/mol. Methane adsorption on a Cu-BTC110 sample at temperature from 210 to 293 K and pressure up to 140 kPa has been studied. Differential molar heat of methane adsorption has been calculated from adsorption isosteres.

The paper describes the process of evaluation of low salinity water composition to improve the development of hydrophobic carbonate formations of Central-Khoreiver Uplift (CKU) fields with relatively high oil viscosity (5-15 mPa·s) and average formation temperature 70°C. The sources of low salinity water were determined, prospective composition for water injection were analyzed. The efficiency of oil displacement by formation water and low salinity water are observed during the spontaneous imbibition experiments and coreflood tests to compare the efficiency of formation and low salinity water. The expected incremental displacement efficiency for the target carbonate formations can vary widely, from 1 to 10%. Linear models of the completed coreflood tests and a sector hydrodynamic model of the prospective trial injection are built, considering the basic chemical processes while mixing different types of water. We also review the prospects of joint application of low salinity water injection and chemical EOR methods.

The experimental data on hydrogen adsorption on five nanoporous activated carbons (ACs) of various origins measured over the temperature range of 303–363 K and pressures up to 20 MPa were compared with the predictions of hydrogen density in the slit-like pores of model carbon structures calculated by the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores. The highest amount of adsorbed hydrogen was found for the AC sample (ACS) prepared from a polymer mixture by KOH thermochemical activation, characterized by a biporous structure: 11.0 mmol/g at 16 MPa and 303 K. The greatest volumetric capacity over the entire range of temperature and pressure was demonstrated by the densest carbon adsorbent prepared from silicon carbide. The calculations of hydrogen density in the slit-like model pores revealed that the optimal hydrogen storage depended on the pore size, temperature, and pressure. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of the model structures exceeded the US Department of Energy (DOE) target value of 6.5 wt.% starting from 200 K and 20 MPa, whereas the most efficient carbon adsorbent ACS could achieve 7.5 wt.% only at extremely low temperatures. The initial differential molar isosteric heats of hydrogen adsorption in the studied activated carbons were in the range of 2.8–14 kJ/mol and varied during adsorption in a manner specific for each adsorbent.

In this work deformation of activated carbon adsorbent upon CO2 adsorption has been studied. A model sample of the microporous carbon adsorbent was prepared silicon carbide at 900 K by removing silicon with a chlorine flow followed by gaseous SiCl4 evolution. As a result of such treatment of the silicon carbide, a high-purity microporous carbonic adsorbent was formed. To determine the characteristics of the microporous structure, data on benzene adsorption at 293 K were processed. The following characteristics of the adsorbent sample were obtained: micropore volume W0 = 0.47 cm3/g, characteristic micropore half-width x0= 0.4 nm. Also adsorptive deformation of Na-montmorillonite upon interaction with methanol vapor has been studied. The cation exchange capacity of the montmorillonite used was 0.801 mg-eq/g of adsorbent. High sensitivity of the dilatometric method has been shown. The dilatometer used allowed the measurement of absolute deformations in the range 1(10-7 to 3(10-3 m.

In the present work, a method for producing new shaped composite materials by introducing a metal-organic framework structure Cu-BTC110 into a matrix of carbon material has been suggested. Powdered microporous activated carbons prepared from vegetable, polymer, and peat raw materials were used as carbon matrices. Physicochemical properties and structure-energy characteristics of the initial materials and shaped composites based on them were determined. It was demonstrated that the Cu-BTC110 composite with active carbon prepared from peat enabled one to achieve a balance between structure-energy characteristics, mechanical characteristics, and methane adsorption capacity. Depending on the temperature, the amount of accumulated methane can achieve 160–200 m3 (NTP)/m3 within a pressure range from 3.5 to 10.5 MPa.

Relative linear adsorption-induced deformation of granules of AR-V microporous carbon adsorbent has been measured upon n-octane adsorption at pressures p of 1 Pa to 1.6 kPa and temperatures T = 273, 293, 313, 353, and 393 K. At p > 200 Pa, the adsorption-induced deformation is positive and grows with p throughout the considered temperature range. Under isobaric conditions, the adsorption-induced deformation and the slope of deformation isotherms increase as T decreases. At p 350 K, the adsorbent expands throughout the pressure range. Molecular dynamics simulation has been employed to study the structure of n-octane adsorption associates in model slit-like micropores having a width corresponding to the effective size of micropores in AR-V adsorbent calculated in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores. The structure of the adsorption associates has been related to the characteristic features of the adsorption-induced deformation of AR-V adsorbent.

Natural gas (methane) forms an essential part of modern power supply. However, natural gas storage and transportation are associated with fire and explosion hazard, which restricts extensive application of natural gas as a fuel. The adsorption technique is among the most promising and safe ways for natural gas storage and transportation, which allows a significant increase in the methane density up to values characteristic of liquids as a result of physical adsorption in microporous adsorbents at moderate pressures. The review considers adsorption systems for natural gas (methane) storage based on metal-organic frameworks, which possess high characteristic energy of adsorption and a regular nanoporous structure with high pore volumes and specific surface areas. The possibility of controlling the porous structure and physicochemical behaviour of metal-organic frameworks during their synthesis and functionalization is analyzed, including the fabrication of composites and shaping, which may enhance their performance in the adsorption storage and transportation of natural gas. The bibliography includes 315 references.

A new carbon microporous adsorbent denoted as MPU-007 with a specific micropore volume as large as 1.44 cm3/g has been synthesized. Hydrogen adsorption on this adsorbent has been studied at temperatures of 303, 313, 323, and 333 K and pressures of up to 15 MPa. The maximum adsorption value is 12 mmol/g (2.4 wt %) at 15 MPa and 303 K. The obtained data have been compared with the results of previous studies of hydrogen adsorption on a number of microporous carbon adsorbents with increasing specific micropore volume. It has been shown that the differential molar isosteric heats of hydrogen adsorption decrease from 10 to 4 kJ/mol with an increase in the degree of micropore filling.