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One of the new waters, and environmentally friendly agriculture initiatives in Peru is to encourage the utilization of agricultural waste, because low agricultural output is a threat to food security there. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of harvest residues on the basidiocarp production of the fungus Pleurotus Ostreatus, in Acobamba-Huancavelica. The trial had a completely randomized design, and the treatments included T1, barley stubbles; T2, wheat stubbles; T3, pea stubbles; T4, broad bean stubbles; and T5, quinoa stubbles. The research was quantitative in nature, taking the form of an experiment with an applied, explanatory level of design. The recorded data was tabulated and analyzed with analysis of variance, as well as Tukey's test (α:0.05), for which the statistical software Infostat was used. The results are presented in tables and graphs for a better interpretation. As main results, it was obtained that the time (colonization), diameter (stem, pileus), length (stem) and weight (basidiocarps), present statistical differences between treatments showing significant enhancement in all parameters. Despite a numerical difference, a Tukey average comparison test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the averages for the variable time for fungus colonisation, suggesting that the treatment T5 in which quinoa substrate showed the greatest average. Treatment T4 in which broad bean stubbles were used gave the most low-average. In conclusion, increment in all parámeters were noted in all treatment of Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus under Acobamba conditions. Resumo Uma das novas iniciativas de águas e agricultura ecológica no Peru é incentivar a utilização de resíduos agrícolas, porque a baixa produção agrícola é uma ameaça à segurança alimentar no país. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito dos resíduos da colheita na produção de basidiocarpos do fungo Pleurotus ostreatus, em Acobamba-Huancavelica. O ensaio teve um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos incluíram T1, restolho de cevada; T2, soqueiras de trigo; T3, restolho de ervilha; T4, restolho de fava; e T5, restolho de quinoa. A pesquisa foi de natureza quantitativa, assumindo a forma de experimento com um nível de design aplicado e explicativo. Os dados registrados foram tabulados e analisados com análise de variância, bem como teste de Tukey (α:0,05), para o qual foi utilizado o software estatístico Infostat. Os resultados são apresentados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor interpretação. Como principais resultados, obteve-se que o tempo (colonização), diâmetro (caule, píleo), comprimento (caule) e peso (basidiocarpos) apresentam diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos, mostrando melhora significativa em todos os parâmetros. Apesar da diferença numérica, o teste de comparação de médias de Tukey revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias para a variável tempo de colonização do fungo, sugerindo que o tratamento T5 em que usou o substrato quinoa, apresentou a maior média. O tratamento T4, no qual foram usadas restolhos de fava, apresentou a média mais baixa. Em conclusão, incrementos em todos os parâmetros foram observados em todos os tratamentos de Pleurotus basidiocarps ostreatus nas condições de Acobamba.

Background: Fojo mine (Castelo de Paiva, Douro Carboniferous Basin) was used for anthracite exploitation until 1994, resulting in the production of coal waste piles without any environmental management [1,2]. In October 2017, a wildfire triggered the ignition of some of these waste piles. The extinguishing process of the fire included the remobilization of the coal mining residues using water mixed with a cooling accelerator agent. Objective: To assess the ecotoxicological effects of soil elutriates from the Fojo coal mine waste in seed germination assay with Lactuca sativa. Methods: 25 soil samples were taken: unburned coal waste (ENA); burned coal waste (EA); burned coal waste cover (EAC); mixed material (EE) resulting from the extinguishing process; uphill from the waste pile (B); downhill from the waste pile (SJ). The assay was performed with elutriates from each soil sample and four replicates were prepared per elutriate with 10 seeds. The percentage of germination, fresh biomass, and total size were measured at the end of 14 days. Results: The percentage of seed germination, leaf, and root growth were differently affected revealing high heterogeneity of soil characteristics. The highest seed germination was in EE soil samples (>80%), and the lowest values were in different heterogenic zones (ENA3, ENA5, EAC10, and SJ5). The lowest total size was observed in EE6 (< 4.3 cm) and ENA3 (< 5.3 cm). Leaf fresh biomass and size were higher in soil samples from B zone (1.64 g and 4.64 cm, respectively), and lower values in SJ (0.63 g and 3.34 cm). Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of the phytotoxicity studies with coal mining waste, since the lixiviates may affect the terrestrial ecosystems, reducing plant establishment and growth. Seed germination, and shoot and root elongation proved to be a sensitive endpoint to evaluate the phytotoxicity of coal waste., Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2023)

The purpose of the present investigation was to report the presence of cervicovaginal microorganisms most frequently found in cervicovaginal exfoliative smears (Papanicolaou) of patients with type 2 diabetes. Cervical-vaginal exfoliative cytologist was performed on an open population to all patients who attended from March 2010 to March 2020 in the within the framework of the early cancer detection program, gynecological interrogations were applied to 1587 patients who, after taking cell samples, were processed using the Papanicolaou staining technique modified by the same for subsequent microscopic diagnosis. Of the results obtained from the 1587 patients studied, 148 (9.32%) suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus and of these only 130 (87.83%) showed at least one microorganism under microscopic observation, being Candida spp., the most found microorganism in samples from patients with type 2 diabetes. In conclusions, type 2 diabetes is a disease that predisposes to the appearance of microorganisms and cervicovaginal infections, particularly by Candida spp., therefore, there is a need for surveillance guidelines and efforts to reverse this disease and its complications.

Ocular pathologies are, without a doubt, one of the most complicated at the time of regulating medical therapy. Being one of the most relevant sense organs (if not the most important) the use of stem cells in the treatment of metabolic diseases that were previously considered to be slow-progressing, significant improvement can now be achieved.

The gynecological interrogations, clinical impressions and results obtained from 1587 patients who attended the Department of Cellular Biology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, for cervicovaginal exfoliative cytology sampling (Papanicolaou) were analyzed. Within the framework of the early cancer detection program from March 2010 to March 2021. From the 1587 patients studied, 302 reported smoking during the gynecological examination. Of the total number of patients with a smoking habit 178 (58.94%) showed cervicovaginal lesions on microscopic observation and/or physical examination. Smoking is considered a predisposing factor in the appearance of cervicovaginal lesions, and there is a need to carry out more detailed studies on the secondary effects of tobacco in patients with an active sexual life and a smoking habit in Mexico.

LGAD technology is established within the field of particle physics, as the baseline technology for the timing detectors of both the ATLAS and CMS upgrades at the HL-LHC. Pixelated LGADs have been proposed for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and for the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, respectively. The drawback of segmenting an LGAD is the non-gain area between pixels and the consequent reduction in the fill factor. In this sense, inverse LGAD (iLGAD) technology has been proposed by IMB-CNM to enhance the fill factor and to reach excellent tracking capabilities. In this work, we explore the use of iLGAD sensors for X-Ray applications by developing a new generation of iLGADs. The periphery of the first iLGAD generation is optimized by means of TCAD tools, making them suitable for X-Ray irradiations thanks to the double side optimization. The fabricated iLGAD sensors exhibit good electrical performances before and after an X-Ray irradiation. The second iLGAD generation is able to withstand the same voltage, as contrary to the first iLGAD generation after irradiation.

LGAD technology is established within the field of particle physics, as the baseline technology for the timing detectors of both the ATLAS and CMS upgrades at the HL-LHC. Pixelated LGADs have been proposed for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and for the Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, respectively. The drawback of segmenting an LGAD is the non-gain area between pixels and the consequent reduction in the fill factor. In this sense, inverse LGAD (iLGAD) technology has been proposed by IMB-CNM to enhance the fill factor and to reach excellent tracking capabilities. In this work, we explore the use of iLGAD sensors for X-Ray applications by developing a new generation of iLGADs. The periphery of the first iLGAD generation is optimized by means of TCAD tools, making them suitable for X-Ray irradiations thanks to the double side optimization. The fabricated iLGAD sensors exhibit good electrical performances before and after an X-Ray irradiation. The second iLGAD generation is able to withstand the same voltage, as contrary to the first iLGAD generation after irradiation.

Background: Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment manoeuvre: previous physiological studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity and increase release of surfactant. Research question: Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? Study design and methods: We conducted a multi-center non-inferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the No Sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the Sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase of airway pressure to 30 cmH2Ofor 3 seconds once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary endpoint of the study was feasibility, assessed as non-inferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiological parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality and ventilator-free days. Results: Two-hundred fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the Sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs. 30% in the No Sigh group (absolute difference -7%, 95%CI -18% to 4%; p=0.015 for non-inferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs. 13% in Sigh vs. No Sigh (p=0.852). Oxygenation was improved while tidal volume, respiratory rate and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in Sigh vs. No Sigh. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs. 21%, p=0.342) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs. 22 [3-25] days, p=0.300) for Sigh vs. No Sigh. Interpretation: Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk.

The purpose of this study is to explore how to develop a sustainable architecture to recover the vernacular architecture, and through this strengthen the socioeconomic development of a city It is proposed that through these recoveries and promotions, the city can welcome sustainable logics, also considering its geographical advantages, natural resources and bordering the sea as characteristics to take advantage of. For this, the island of Chiloé in southern Chile has been selected as a case study, due to (1) it has a unique vernacular architecture, the palafitos (stilt houses); and (2) It has a geographic morphology that has allowed, from its genesis as a city, to build in wood and other sustainable materials, consequently, this can be used as a basis for achieve a restoration of its communities respecting the interrelation of various social, cultural and environmental factors and whose sustainability is established by the balance of the previously mentioned factors.

Cellular condensation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) allows dynamic compartmentalization and regulation of biological processes. The IDP tau, which promotes the assembly of microtubules and is hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease, undergoes LLPS in solution and on the surface of microtubules. Little is known, however, about the influence of tau phosphorylation on its ability to nucleate microtubule bundles in conditions of tau LLPS. Herein, we show that unmodified tau as well as tau phosphorylated at disease‐associated epitopes condense into liquid‐like droplets. Although tubulin partitioned into and reached high concentrations inside all tau droplets, it was unable to grow into microtubules form the inside of droplets formed by tau phosphorylated at the AT180 epitope (T231/S235). In contrast, neither phosphorylation of tau in the repeat domain nor at its tyrosine residues inhibited the assembly of tubulin from tau droplets. Because LLPS of IDPs has been shown to promote different types of cytoskeletal assembly, our study suggests that IDP phosphorylation might be a broadly used mechanism for the modulation of condensate‐mediated cytoskeletal assembly.

Marine multicellular organisms inhabiting waters with natural high fluctuations in pH appear more tolerant to acidification than conspecifics occurring in nearby stable waters, suggesting that environments of fluctuating pH hold genetic reservoirs for adaptation of key groups to ocean acidification (OA). The abundant and cosmopolitan calcifying phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi exhibits a range of morphotypes with varying degrees of coccolith mineralization. We show that E. huxleyi populations in the naturally acidified upwelling waters of the eastern South Pacific, where pH drops below 7.8 as is predicted for the global surface ocean by the year 2100, are dominated by exceptionally over-calcified morphotypes whose distal coccolith shield can be almost solid calcite. Shifts in morphotype composition of E. huxleyi populations correlate with changes in carbonate system parameters. We tested if these correlations indicate that the hyper-calcified morphotype is adapted to OA. In experimental exposures to present-day vs. future pCO2 (400 vs. 1200 µatm), the over-calcified morphotypes showed the same growth inhibition (−29.1±6.3 %) as moderately calcified morphotypes isolated from non-acidified water (−30.7±8.8 %). Under the high-CO2–low-pH condition, production rates of particulate organic carbon (POC) increased, while production rates of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) were maintained or decreased slightly (but not significantly), leading to lowered PIC ∕ POC ratios in all strains. There were no consistent correlations of response intensity with strain origin. The high-CO2–low-pH condition affected coccolith morphology equally or more strongly in over-calcified strains compared to moderately calcified strains. High-CO2–low-pH conditions appear not to directly select for exceptionally over-calcified morphotypes over other morphotypes, but perhaps indirectly by ecologically correlated factors. More generally, these results suggest that oceanic planktonic microorganisms, despite their rapid turnover and large population sizes, do not necessarily exhibit adaptations to naturally high-CO2 upwellings, and this ubiquitous coccolithophore may be near the limit of its capacity to adapt to ongoing ocean acidification.

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Behrouz Boochani published No Friend but the Mountains: Writing From Manus Prison in 2018 which went on to win the 2019 Victorian Prize for Literature while he was still incarcerated in Manus Prison. Since its publication the book has attracted a great deal of worldwide attention, particualrly from UK academics – it was released in the UK in 2019. Prior to winning Australia’s richest literary award his film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time had its world premiere at the Sydney Film Festival and its international premiere at the BFI London Film Festival. The feature-length film has also been screened at numerous UK universities. In February 2020 Behrouz and translator Omid Tofighian engaged with academics and activists in the UK over a series of events; this article is an edited version of various conversations that emerged from these collaborations and critically discusses the global nature of border violence and the colonial ideology at the heart of immigration detention.

The natural cokes that occur in the eastern sector of the depocentre I of the Peñarroya-Belmez-Espiel Basin (Spain) resulted from the contact metamorphism induced in coals by the emplacement of a doleritic sill parallel to the stratification. In this study, geochemical data of three coke samples are presented and complemented with petrographic data. Organic particles exhibit circular and elliptical devolatilization pores, isotropic and, occasionally incipient anisotropic to fine mosaic texture pointing out that, at the time of carbonization, these coals should have reached a rank equivalent to a vitrinte random reflectance between 0.70% and 0.85%. The maximum reflectance for the coke particles close to the dolerite sill contact suggested a paleotemperature for the intrusion > 390 ºC. The alignment and folding of the devolatilization pores indicate that the emplacement of the doleritic sill was simultaneous to the folding of the sedimentary sequence. The ash yield is variable, the C content high and total sulfur content low. The composition in major and trace elements revealed that two of the samples are very enriched. The enrichment in Hg can be related to magmatic fluids and also to a secondary enrichment after volatilization of the original coal. The occurrence of the REE seems to be linked to the sedimentary mineralogical composition., Helena Moura beneficiou de bolsa de doutoramento concedida pela FCT (SFRH/BD/134109/2017). Este trabalho foi financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projecto Refª UIDB/04683/2020.

BACKGROUND: Sigh is a cyclic brief recruitment maneuver: previous physiologic studies showed that its use could be an interesting addition to pressure support ventilation to improve lung elastance, decrease regional heterogeneity, and increase release of surfactant. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is the clinical application of sigh during pressure support ventilation (PSV) feasible? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a multicenter noninferiority randomized clinical trial on adult intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or ARDS undergoing PSV. Patients were randomized to the no-sigh group and treated by PSV alone, or to the sigh group, treated by PSV plus sigh (increase in airway pressure to 30 cm H2O for 3 s once per minute) until day 28 or death or successful spontaneous breathing trial. The primary end point of the study was feasibility, assessed as noninferiority (5% tolerance) in the proportion of patients failing assisted ventilation. Secondary outcomes included safety, physiologic parameters in the first week from randomization, 28-day mortality, and ventilator-free days. RESULTS: Two-hundred and fifty-eight patients (31% women; median age, 65 [54-75] years) were enrolled. In the sigh group, 23% of patients failed to remain on assisted ventilation vs 30% in the no-sigh group (absolute difference, -7%; 95% CI, -18% to 4%; P = .015 for noninferiority). Adverse events occurred in 12% vs 13% in the sigh vs no-sigh group (P = .852). Oxygenation was improved whereas tidal volume, respiratory rate, and corrected minute ventilation were lower over the first 7 days from randomization in the sigh vs no-sigh group. There was no significant difference in terms of mortality (16% vs 21%; P = .337) and ventilator-free days (22 [7-26] vs 22 [3-25] days; P = .300) for the sigh vs no-sigh group. INTERPRETATION: Among hypoxemic intubated ICU patients, application of sigh was feasible and without increased risk.

Pleistocene lignite seams outcrop in the Bilene area constitute a lagoon deposit associated with a system of coastal lakes with large movable dunes. The organic and inorganic geochemical study of five samples of these lignites is herein presented. The organic geochemistry data indicates that these lignites have high ash yield, being therefore considered as carbonaceous rocks. The volatile matter, C, H, N and O contents are considered within the expected for lignites. The total sulfur (St) content is low. The atomic ratios H/C and O/C confirm the rank of these lignites. The major element contents corroborate the mineralogical composition identified in one of the studied samples. CaO and St are associated with organic matter, with Ca occurring as humates. Most trace elements show intermediate affinity. Zr and Hf are slightly to significant enriched and are associated with zircon. In these samples the As exhibits organic affinity. Rb displays inorganic affinity, occurring in silicates., Este trabalho foi financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projecto Refª UIDB/04683/2020 e pelo Projecto PaleoMoz (financiado pelo Museu Nacional de Geologia, Programa Aga-Khan/FCT e National Geographic Society Standard Grant CP-109R-17).

El propósito de este trabajo es emplear la divergencia de Jensen-Shannon para comparar espectros de tamaños de gotas de nubes correspondientes a diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se analizan resultados de mediciones de laboratorio en los que se determinó el diámetro de gotas, producidas mediante un nebulizador ultrasónico, sometidas a diferentes condiciones de movimiento dentro de una "caja de nube". Se considera en particular la tasa de disipación de energía por turbulencia. A los espectros de gotas se los aproximó mediante el método del kernel de densidad. The purpose of this work is to use the divergence of Jensen-Shannon to compare spectra of cloud droplet sizes corresponding to deferent experimental conditions. Results of laboratory measurements are analyzed in which the diameter of droplets, produced by means of an ultrasonic nebulizer, are determined, subject to deferent movement conditions within a "cloud box". The turbulence energy dissipation rate is particularly considered. The droplet spectra were approximated by the density kernel method.

IMPORTANCE Short-term infusions of single vasodilators, usually given in a fixed dose, have not improved outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a strategy that emphasized early intensive and sustained vasodilation using individualized up-titrated doses of established vasodilators in patients with AHF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, open-label blinded-end-point trial enrolling 788 patients hospitalized for AHF with dyspnea, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides, systolic blood pressure of at least 100mmHg, and plan for treatment in a general ward in 10 tertiary and secondary hospitals in Switzerland, Bulgaria, Germany, Brazil, and Spain. Enrollment began in December 2007 and follow-up was completed in February 2019. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to a strategy of early intensive and sustained vasodilation throughout the hospitalization (n = 386) or usual care (n = 402). Early intensive and sustained vasodilation was a comprehensive pragmatic approach of maximal and sustained vasodilation combining individualized doses of sublingual and transdermal nitrates, low-dose oral hydralazine for 48 hours, and rapid up-titration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or sacubitril-valsartan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end pointwas a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for AHF at 180 days. RESULTS Among 788 patients randomized, 781 (99.1%; median age, 78 years; 36.9% women) completed the trial and were eligible for primary end point analysis. Follow-up at 180 days was completed for 779 patients (99.7%). The primary end point, a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for AHF at 180 days, occurred in 117 patients (30.6%) in the intervention group (including 55 deaths [14.4%]) and in 111 patients (27.8%) in the usual care group (including 61 deaths [15.3%]) (absolute difference for the primary end point, 2.8% [95% CI, -3.7% to 9.3%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.83-1.39]; P =.59). The most common clinically significant adverse events with early intensive and sustained vasodilation vs usual care were hypokalemia (23% vs 25%), worsening renal function (21% vs 20%), headache (26% vs 10%), dizziness (15% vs 10%), and hypotension (8% vs 2%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with AHF, a strategy of early intensive and sustained vasodilation, compared with usual care, did not significantly improve a composite outcome of all-cause mortality and AHF rehospitalization at 180 days.

IMPORTANCE Short-term infusions of single vasodilators, usually given in a fixed dose, have not improved outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a strategy that emphasized early intensive and sustained vasodilation using individualized up-titrated doses of established vasodilators in patients with AHF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, open-label blinded-end-point trial enrolling 788 patients hospitalized for AHF with dyspnea, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides, systolic blood pressure of at least 100mmHg, and plan for treatment in a general ward in 10 tertiary and secondary hospitals in Switzerland, Bulgaria, Germany, Brazil, and Spain. Enrollment began in December 2007 and follow-up was completed in February 2019. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to a strategy of early intensive and sustained vasodilation throughout the hospitalization (n = 386) or usual care (n = 402). Early intensive and sustained vasodilation was a comprehensive pragmatic approach of maximal and sustained vasodilation combining individualized doses of sublingual and transdermal nitrates, low-dose oral hydralazine for 48 hours, and rapid up-titration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or sacubitril-valsartan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end pointwas a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for AHF at 180 days. RESULTS Among 788 patients randomized, 781 (99.1%; median age, 78 years; 36.9% women) completed the trial and were eligible for primary end point analysis. Follow-up at 180 days was completed for 779 patients (99.7%). The primary end point, a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for AHF at 180 days, occurred in 117 patients (30.6%) in the intervention group (including 55 deaths [14.4%]) and in 111 patients (27.8%) in the usual care group (including 61 deaths [15.3%]) (absolute difference for the primary end point, 2.8% [95% CI, -3.7% to 9.3%]; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.83-1.39]; P =.59). The most common clinically significant adverse events with early intensive and sustained vasodilation vs usual care were hypokalemia (23% vs 25%), worsening renal function (21% vs 20%), headache (26% vs 10%), dizziness (15% vs 10%), and hypotension (8% vs 2%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with AHF, a strategy of early intensive and sustained vasodilation, compared with usual care, did not significantly improve a composite outcome of all-cause mortality and AHF rehospitalization at 180 days.

This paper studies the optimal power flow problem for resistive DC networks. The gradient method algorithm is written in a port-Hamiltonian form and the stability of the resulting dynamics is studied. Stability conditions are provided for general cyclic networks and a solution, when these conditions fail, is proposed. In addition, the results are exemplified by means of numerical simulations.

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon sensors with a built-in charge multiplication layer providing a gain of typically 10 to 50. Due to the combination of high signal-to-noise ratio and short rise time, thin LGADs provide good time resolutions. LGADs with an active thickness of about 45 $��$m were produced at CNM Barcelona. Their gains and time resolutions were studied in beam tests for two different multiplication layer implantation doses, as well as before and after irradiation with neutrons up to $10^{15}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$. The gain showed the expected decrease at a fixed voltage for a lower initial implantation dose, as well as for a higher fluence due to effective acceptor removal in the multiplication layer. Time resolutions below 30 ps were obtained at the highest applied voltages for both implantation doses before irradiation. Also after an intermediate fluence of $3\times10^{14}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$, similar values were measured since a higher applicable reverse bias voltage could recover most of the pre-irradiation gain. At $10^{15}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$, the time resolution at the maximum applicable voltage of 620 V during the beam test was measured to be 57 ps since the voltage stability was not good enough to compensate for the gain layer loss. The time resolutions were found to follow approximately a universal function of gain for all implantation doses and fluences., 17 pages

In this document, we deal with the stabilization problem of slow-fast systems (or singularly perturbed Ordinary Differential Equations) at a non-hyperbolic point. The class of systems studied here have the following properties: 1) they have one fast variable and an arbitrary number of slow variables, 2) they have a non-hyperbolic singularity of the fold type at the origin. The presence of the aforementioned singularity complicates the analysis and the controller design of such systems. In particular, the classical theory of singular perturbations cannot be used. We show a novel design process based on geometric desingularization, which allows the stabilization of a fold point of singularly perturbed control systems. Our results are exemplified on an electric circuit.

M20 M21a

International audience

Background In 2012 the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in the National Immunization Program. We performed an epidemiological study to describe SPN nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence. Methods Between June to September 2015 it was performed a cross-sectional study among children

La práctica deportiva es una actividad que se recomienda para mantener y promocionar la salud y los buenos hábitos. Sin embargo puede acarrear un riesgo importante de lesiones. Este estudio presenta, mediante técnicas de análisis multivariante, la relación que existe entre la tipo de lesiones, lugares del cuerpo donde se producen, los deportes más populares; fútbol, baloncesto, voleibol, y gimnasia, edad y países donde se practica, tomando datos de cinco países de la Unión Europea. Si relacionamos estas características entre sí, podemos elaborar estrategias específicas al tipo de deporte y país donde se practica, con el objeto de mejorar la prevención y poder disminuir la cantidad de lesiones que se producen., Participation in sports is a health promotion activity and maintains good habits that entail an important injury risk. The present article is a study using Multivariatye Analysis, the relationship between type of injury, location of injury, the most popular sports; soccer, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, county where it has been practiced and age, in five European Union countries. With these relationships, we can develop specific strategies to improve prevention and to reduce the injuries that occur.

La práctica deportiva es una actividad que se recomienda para mantener y promocionar la salud y los buenos hábitos. Sin embargo puede acarrear un riesgo importante de lesiones. Este estudio presenta, mediante técnicas de análisis multivariante, la relación que existe entre la tipo de lesiones, lugares del cuerpo donde se producen, los deportes más populares; fútbol, baloncesto, voleibol, y gimnasia, edad y países donde se practica, tomando datos de cinco países de la Unión Europea. Si relacionamos estas características entre sí, podemos elaborar estrategias específicas al tipo de deporte y país donde se practica, con el objeto de mejorar la prevención y poder disminuir la cantidad de lesiones que se producen. Participation in sports is a health promotion activity and maintains good habits that entail an important injury risk. The present article is a study using Multivariatye Analysis, the relationship between type of injury, location of injury, the most popular sports; soccer, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, county where it has been practiced and age, in five European Union countries. With these relationships, we can develop specific strategies to improve prevention and to reduce the injuries that occur.

Este trabalho evidencia uma experiência no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES), que visa a realização de uma visita de estudo à Bacia Carbonífera do Douro segundo o modelo de Nir Orion. Abordando-se aspetos relacionados com os fósseis vegetais e a génese do carvão, pretende-se averiguar se as visitas de estudo, organizadas segundo o modelo proposto, contribuem para a aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Biologia e de Geologia pelos estudantes. Recorreu-se ao estudo de caso como método de investigação e foi utilizada uma amostra por conveniência (turma de 11ºano). Para a recolha de dados recorreu-se à técnica de inquérito por questionário com uma escala de Likert, a um teste de avaliação diagnóstica antes da visita e, posteriormente, a um teste de avaliação formativa idêntico ao anterior. A maioria dos estudantes considerou as visitas de estudo importantes para a aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Biologia e de Geologia e, à exceção de uma pergunta, obtiveram melhores resultados no teste de avaliação formativa realizado após a visita. This work shows an experience under Supervised Teaching Practice (PES), which aims to conduct a field trip to the Carboniferous Douro Basin according to the Nir Orion model. Addressing the plant fossils and the genesis of coal, we intend to investigate if the field trips, organized according to the proposed model, contribute to the apprenticeship of Biology and Geology by the students. The case study was the research method adopted and a convenience sample was used (11th grade class). For data collection we resorted to the technique of questionnaire with a Likert scale, a test for diagnostic evaluation before the field trip and, subsequently, a test of formative assessment identical to the previous one. Most students found the field trips important for learning the content of Biology and Geology, and except for one question, they did better in the formative evaluation test conducted after the field trip. (c) 2014 LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP.

Antecedentes: El uso inadecuado de los antibióticos es considerado como una de las principales causas de la aparición de resistencia microbiana. Este es considerado a su vez como un problema de salud pública, y los farmacéuticos tienen una importante oportunidad de intervención durante la dispensación de estos medicamentos. Objetivos: Identificar y resolver las incidencias relacionadas con el uso de antibióticos durante la dispensación en una farmacia comunitaria, y caracterizar el perfil de paciente y tipo de antibiótico solicitado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental (sin grupo control), que incluyó a los pacientes que acudieron a la farmacia a retirar un antibiótico durante el periodo de estudio. La intervención en los pacientes que solicitaban el antibiótico por primera vez consistió en verificar si existían criterios para la no dispensación e informar sobre el proceso de uso del medicamento. En dispensación repetida se evaluó la efectividad y seguridad del antibiótico. En ambos casos se realizó la detección y resolución de incidencias, a través de un episodio de seguimiento. Cuando se solicitó el antibiótico sin receta, se intervino para intentar evitarlo, ofreciendo al paciente otras alternativas. Resultados: El 76,2% (64) de las solicitudes fueron con receta, con una media de edad de 44,5 (DE = 18,2) años, en su mayoría mujeres (65,6%), con estudios universitarios (68,8%). El grupo terapéutico más prescrito fue el de los beta-lactámicos (48,4%), y la infección más frecuente fue la respiratoria (45,3%). El 20,3% (13) del grupo de población que demandó con receta tuvo un episodio de seguimiento; esta incidencia se resolvió en el 100% de los casos. El 23,8% (20) de las solicitudes fueron automedicación, la cual se evitó en un 25% hablando con el paciente. El 58,3% (7) de los pacientes fueron remitidos al médico, mientras que el 41,7% (5) no aceptó la propuesta. Conclusiones: Una de cada cinco dispensaciones de antibióticos tienen algún tipo de incidencia relacionada, y en su mayoría se pueden resolver a través de un protocolo de dispensación. La intervención del farmacéutico puede disminuir la automedicación, ya que se consiguió evitar en uno de cada cuatro casos. Background: Misuse of antibiotics is considered as one of the main drivers for the emergence of microbial resistance. This is in turn considered as a public health problem, and chemists have a fruitful opportunity in intervening the dispensation of these medicines. Objectives: To identify and resolve incidents regarding the use of antibiotics during the dispensation in a community pharmacy, as well as to classify the demand for antibiotics according to the patient's profile and the type of demanded antibiotic. Methods: A quasiexperimental study (without a control group) was carried out, including the patients who came to the chemist to withdraw an antibiotic during the period of study. The intervention in patients requesting the antibiotic for the first time consisted in verifying any possible criteria for its non-provision, and informing about the process of using the medicine. While supplying the product repeatedly, both its effectiveness and safety were tested together with incidents identification and resolution through a follow-up process. When the antibiotic was required without prescription, an action was taken in order to avoid it and offer to the patient other alternatives. Results: 76.1 % (64) of requests were under medical prescription. The average age was 44.5 (DE=18.2), most of them women (65.6%), with a bachelor degree (68.8 %). The most prescribed therapeutic group was the beta-lactams (48.4 %), and the most frequent case of infection was the respiratory (45.3 %). 20.2 % (13) of the population group demanding prescription medicines had a follow-up process, and this incident was resolved in 100% of the cases. 23.8% (20) of the requests were self-medication, and 25% was avoided after talking to the patient. 58.3% (7) of the patients were referred to the doctor, and 41.6% (5) did not accept the proposal. Conclusions: One in every five antibiotics dispensations have some kind of related incident, and in most of the cases they can be resolved through a distribution protocol. The chemist's intervention can reduce self-medication, since it may be avoided in one out of four cases.

The present exploratory research has as an objective to know the relationship between the customer satisfaction and the service quality in public and private organizations in Lima Metroplitana, and the way how is related to some demographic, social, and organizational variables in a sample of 174 individuals, who attend to the pointed out organizations as users to buy general goods and services. The analyisis of the results takes us to confirm that most of the sample participants show a favorurable opinion regarding to the quality of the service. By the same token, most of the individuals show satisfation regarding to the quality of the service. On the other hand, the correlation between the satisfaction and the quality service shows a significative and psoitive. About the demographic, social, and organizational variables and their relation to the satisfaction and the quality of the service; it can be seen that there is a difference significative, even though moderate; in the first case, with the gender, and in the second case, there is no relationship to any of the other variables, in other words, the intervention of those variables do not allow to infer differences about user perceptions about the satisfaction users, and the quality of the goods and services that are offered by the organizations, except the variable gender., La presente investigación exploratoria tiene como objetivo conocer la relación entre la satisfacción de los clientes y la calidad del servicio en organizaciones públicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana, y la forma cómo se relaciona con algunas variables demográficas, sociales y organizacionales en una muestra de 174 sujetos que acuden a las entidades antes señaladas como usuarios para la compra de bienes o servicios en general. El análisis de los resultados nos llevan a afirmar que la mayoría de los participantes de la muestra tienen una opinión favorable respecto a la calidad del servicio. Así mismo, la mayoría de los sujetos muestran satisfacción respecto de la calidad del servicio. Por otro lado, la correlación entre la satisfacción de los clientes y la calidad del servicio arroja una asociación significativa y positiva. Sobre las variables demográficas, sociales y organizacionales y su relación con la satisfacción y la calidad del servicio, existe diferencia significativa aunque moderada, en el primer caso, con el género, y en el segundo caso, con ninguna de dichas variables; es decir, la intervención de dichas variables no permiten inferir diferencias de percepción de los usuarios sobre su satisfacción y calidad de bienes y servicios que ofrecen las organizaciones, excepto el género

In this paper we present an intrinsic description of the structure of an Azumaya skew groupoid ring, having its center contained in the respective ground ring, in terms of suitable central Galois algebras and commutative Galois extensions.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H12Cl3NO2, no classical hydrogen-bonding interactions are observed. The methylene fragments of the benzyl groups participate in non-classic hydrogen-bond interactions with the carbonyl O atoms of neighboring molecules, generating co-operative centrosymmetric dimers withR55(10) ring motifs. The overall molecular arrangement in the unit cell seems to be highly influenced by secondary non-covalent weak C—Cl...π [Cl...Cg(phenyl ring) = 3.732 (2) Å] and C—O...π [O...Cg(pyrrolidine ring) = 2.985 (2) Å] contacts.

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OBJECTIVES: Although clinicians recognize hip involvement, which frequently leads to hip replacement surgery, as an important feature of AS, data on the epidemiology, nature of the disease and therapeutic strategies are scarce. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of clinical and radiological hip involvement and define the risk factors for the hip replacement surgery in AS patients. METHODS: Data from 3 datasets were merged, including 847 Belgian (ASPECT database), 1405 Spanish (REGISPONSER database) and 466 Ibero-American (RESPONDIA database) AS patients. The ASPECT and REGISPONSER database (Dataset A) are used for exploratory analysis; the RESPONDIA database (Dataset B) is used for confirmative analysis. Factors associated with hip involvement and the hip replacement surgery were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty four (REGISPONSER) to 36% (RESPONDIA) of AS patients under rheumatologist's care presented clinical hip involvement, including the 5% (Dataset A) of AS patients who needed hip replacement surgery. Patients with hip involvement had significantly worse overall Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores compared with patients without hip involvement (mean difference = 1.6, P

El liquen plano oral (LPO) es una enfermedad mucocutánea inflamatoria crónica, con una etiología aún desconocida, de base autoinmune, que suele cursar con manifestaciones orales, con una clínica e histología características y de curso evolutivo benigno, pero susceptible de transformación maligna. En los últimos años se ha investigado la relación entre su patogenia y los mecanismos apoptóticos de destrucción celular. Material y método: Búsqueda bibliográfica en el servidor de la U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (Pubmed) con las palabras clave "apoptosis AND oral lichen planus". Discusión: Existen diferentes estudios que evalúan la relación de los diferentes marcadores apoptóticos (TNF-α, bcl-2, Fas, p53, BMP-4, granzima B, MMP…) con la patogenia, evolución, clínica y malignización del LPO. Para la determinación de estos factores se emplean técnicas de anatomía patológica e inmunohistoquímica (TUNEL, PCR,…). Conclusión: no existe consenso en los resultados y las consiguientes conclusiones obtenidas en los diferentes estudios sobre la influencia de cada uno de los marcadores apoptóticos en el desarrollo de las lesiones de LPO. Es necesaria una mayor y más profunda investigación en búsqueda de un factor siempre asociado a las formas clínicas agresivas con mayor tendencia a la malignización. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous inflammatory chronic disease, with unknown etiology, autoinmune, usually associated with characteristical oral manifestations. Despite it has a benign evolution, is posible to become malign. Lately, relation between the pathogenesis and apoptotic cells destroy has been investigated. Methods: A bibliography survey was carried out with th U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (Pubmed) with the keywords "apoptosis AND oral lichen planus". Discussion: Several trials evaluate the relationship among several apoptotic markers (TNF-α, bcl-2, Fas, p53, BMP-4, granzyme B, MMP…) and OLP pathogenesis, evolution, clinic and malignization. These studies employed histology and immunohistochemistry (TUNEL, PCR) Conclusion: Lack of consensus on results and conclusions about the influence of each apoptotic marker in the OLP development. Further investigation is required to obtain an apoptotic marker strongly associated with aggressive clinic and high-risk of malignancy.