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Due to the modality gap between visible and infrared images with high visual ambiguity, learning \textbf{diverse} modality-shared semantic concepts for visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) remains a challenging problem. Body shape is one of the significant modality-shared cues for VI-ReID. To dig more diverse modality-shared cues, we expect that erasing body-shape-related semantic concepts in the learned features can force the ReID model to extract more and other modality-shared features for identification. To this end, we propose shape-erased feature learning paradigm that decorrelates modality-shared features in two orthogonal subspaces. Jointly learning shape-related feature in one subspace and shape-erased features in the orthogonal complement achieves a conditional mutual information maximization between shape-erased feature and identity discarding body shape information, thus enhancing the diversity of the learned representation explicitly. Extensive experiments on SYSU-MM01, RegDB, and HITSZ-VCM datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method., Comment: CVPR 2023

Background Exosomes are nano-sized biological vesicles released by many kinds of cells, which play an important role in tumor metastasis through transporting cytokines, RNAs and proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis are not completely understood. Materials and methods Exosomes derived from hepatoma cell lines with different invasion characteristics. Exosome characteristics, cell migration and invasion, and effects on major signal transduction pathways deregulated in cancer cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wound-healing assay, Trans-well invasion assay and Western blot-based assays, respectively. Moreover, exosomes effects on tumor metastasis in vivo were investigated by subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of athymic nude mice. Results Exosomes derived from hepatoma cells can promote the migration and invasion of recipient cells, induce the decrease of E-cadherin expression, increase the expression of Vimentin and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells. Moreover, highly invasive hepatoma-cells-derived exosomes effects are stronger than low-invasive hepatoma cells and normal liver cells exosomes. Mechanistic studies showed that the biological alterations in recipient HCC cells treated with MHCC97H and MHCC97L-derived exosomes were caused by inducing EMT via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In vivo experiments also suggest that highly invasive hepatoma cells derived exosomes are more likely to promote lung metastasis of HCC in nude mice. Conclusion Our results reveal the important role of tumor-derived exosomes in the migration and invasion of recipient cells and exosomes may be the novel therapeutic and prognostic targets for HCC patients.

Zhen Qu,1,* Jiawei Feng,1,* Hua Pan,2 Yong Jiang,1 Yunfei Duan,1 Zhenzhong Fa31Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Changzhou Wujin People’s Hospital, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yunfei DuanDepartment of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail 605035098@qq.comZhenzhong FaDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Changzhou Wujin People’s Hospital, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail wjphfzz@126.com*These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: Exosomes are nano-sized biological vesicles released by many kinds of cells, which play an important role in tumor metastasis through transporting cytokines, RNAs and proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis are not completely understood.Materials and methods: Exosomes derived from hepatoma cell lines with different invasion characteristics. Exosome characteristics, cell migration and invasion, and effects on major signal transduction pathways deregulated in cancer cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wound-healing assay, Trans-well invasion assay and Western blot-based assays, respectively. Moreover, exosomes effects on tumor metastasis in vivo were investigated by subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of athymic nude mice.Results: Exosomes derived from hepatoma cells can promote the migration and invasion of recipient cells, induce the decrease of E-cadherin expression, increase the expression of Vimentin and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells. Moreover, highly invasive hepatoma-cells-derived exosomes effects are stronger than low-invasive hepatoma cells and normal liver cells exosomes. Mechanistic studies showed that the biological alterations in recipient HCC cells treated with MHCC97H and MHCC97L-derived exosomes were caused by inducing EMT via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In vivo experiments also suggest that highly invasive hepatoma cells derived exosomes are more likely to promote lung metastasis of HCC in nude mice.Conclusion: Our results reveal the important role of tumor-derived exosomes in the migration and invasion of recipient cells and exosomes may be the novel therapeutic and prognostic targets for HCC patients.Keywords: HCC, exosomal, TGF-β, EMT, tumor metastasis

Understanding wildlife-livestock interactions is crucial for the design and management of protected areas that aim to conserve large mammal communities undergoing conflicts with humans worldwide. An example of the need to quantify the strength and direction of species interactions is the conservation of big cats in newly established protected areas in China. Currently, free-ranging livestock degrade the food and habitat of the endangered Amur tiger and Amur leopard in the forest landscapes of Northeast China, but quantitative assessments of how livestock affect the use of habitat by the major ungulate prey of these predators are very limited. Here, we examined livestock-ungulate interactions using large-scale camera-trap data in the newly established Tiger and Leopard National Park in Northeast China, which borders Russia. We used N-mixture models, two-species occupancy models and activity pattern overlap to understand the effects of cattle grazing on three ungulate species (wild boar, roe deer and sika deer) at a fine spatiotemporal scale. Our results showed that incorporating the biotic interactions with cattle had significant negative effects on encounters with three ungulates; sika deer were particularly displaced as more cattle encroached on forest habitat, as they exhibited low levels of co-occurrence with cattle in terms of habitat use. These results, combined with spatiotemporal overlap, suggested fine-scale avoidance behaviours, and they can help to refine strategies for the conservation of tigers, leopards and their prey in human-dominated transboundary landscapes. Progressively controlling cattle and the impact of cattle on biodiversity while simultaneously addressing the economic needs of local communities should be key priority actions for the Chinese government., 43 pages, 4 figures and 3 tables

ViBe (Visual Background Extractor) algorithm is a kind of fast and accurate background subtraction algorithm, which is universally applied in video monitoring. The only drawback is the moving target in the first frame would introduce an artifact called ghost. In order to solve this problem, an eliminating ghost algorithm was designed in this paper. The algorithm depended on the foreground and the adjacent background area histogram and similarity measure. Because dynamic background video was easily influenced by background noise and interference, morphological image processing method was used in this paper. Experiments results show that the improved algorithm can quickly solve the ghost, foreground noise and holes problem.

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