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International audience; The Super Separator Spectrometer-Low Energy Branch (Sl. 268 3-LEB) is a low-energy radioactive ion beam experiment under commissioning as part of the GANIL-SPIRAL2 facility. It will be used for the production and study of exotic nuclei by in-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy (IGLIS), decay spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. We report recent results from the off-line commissioning of Sl. 268 3-LEB, including first laser spectroscopy measurements in both the gas cell and the supersonic gas jet, the determination of the transport efficiency of laser ions from the gas cell through the RFQ chain, and time-of-flight measurements with the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer PILGRIM. The measurements were performed using erbium, introduced by evaporation from a heated filament in the gas environment. The reported laser spectroscopy results include a characterization of the pressure broadening in the gas cell, proof-of-principle isotope shift measurements, and hyperfine-structure measurements.

Актуальность. В настоящее время при повсеместном усложнении технологических процессов для повышения эффективности производственных процессов за счет внедрения нового оборудования происходят конфликты между функциональными возможностями различных технических средств и их способностью функционировать с заданным качеством, в заданной электромагнитной обстановке и не создавать недопустимых электромагнитных помех другим техническим средствам. В состав электротехнического комплекса для добычи нефти, под которым понимается совокупность наземного и погружного электрооборудования, скомпонованного для приема, трансформации, управления, преобразования электрической энергии в механическую и передачи её погружному насосу, входят различные электротехнические и электронные устройства: станция управления с преобразователем частоты, повышающий трансформатор, кабельная линия, погружной электродвигатель, внутрискважинный компенсатор реактивной мощности и другие устройства. Любое изменение компоновки электротехнических комплексов для добычи нефти или технических характеристик используемого оборудования требует тщательного исследования переходных процессов между режимами работы электрооборудования для предотвращения рисков ложного срабатывания устройств защиты электротехнического оборудования. Цель: анализ переходных процессов в электротехническом комплексе добывающей скважины с внутрискважинным компенсатором реактивной мощности при отключении источника питания с целью предупреждения рисков ложного срабатывания устройств защиты компенсатора. Объект: участок системы электроснабжения куста нефтедобывающих скважин, оснащенных установками электроцентробежных насосов с внутрискважинными компенсаторами реактивной мощности. Методы: использованы положения теоретических основ электротехники, теории электропривода, теория дифференциальных уравнений, численные методы. Результаты. Разработана математическая модель электротехнического комплекса установки электроприводного центробежного насоса с внутрискважинным компенсатором реактивной мощности, позволяющая исследовать переходные процессы в режиме пуска и остановки погружного асинхронного электродвигателя. Получены характеристики переходных процессов в элементах электротехнического комплекса установки электроприводного центробежного насоса при включении и отключении источника питания. Установлено, что максимальный бросок тока во внутрискважинном компенсаторе реактивной мощности составляет 2,56 раза при принятых в исследовании параметрах электротехнического комплекса добывающей скважины. Предложены мероприятия по снижению количества ложных срабатываний устройств защиты. The relevance. At the present time at routine complication of technological processes to increase efficiency of production processes due to introduction of new equipment the conflicts between functional capabilities of various technical means and their ability to function with specified quality, in specified electromagnetic environment and do not create inadmissible electromagnetic interference to other technical means occur. The electrical engineering complex for oil production includes a combination of ground and submersible electrical equipment assembled for receiving, transforming electrical energy, controlling its flow, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmitting it to a submersible pump, including various electrical and electronic devices: a control station with a frequency converter, a step-up transformer, a cable line, a submersible electric motor, a downhole reactive power compensator and other devices. Any change in the layout of electrical systems for extracting oil or technical characteristics of the equipment used requires careful analysis of transient processes between the operating modes of electrical equipment in order to prevent the risks of false triggering of electrical equipment protection devices. The purpose: analysis of transient processes in the electrical system of the production well with the downhole reactive power compensator when the power supply is disconnected in order to prevent the risks of false operation of the compensator protection devices. The object: section of a power supply system for a cluster of oil producing wells equipped with electric centrifugal pump installations with downhole reactive power compensators. Methods: positions of theoretical bases of electrical engineering, theory of electric drive, theory of differential equations, numerical methods. Results. The authors developed the mathematical model of the electrical system of the submersible unit for oil production with a downhole reactive power compensator, which enables to investigate transient processes in start-up and shutdown mode of the submersible induction motor. Characteristics of transient processes are obtained in elements of electrical complex of submersible plant for oil production when power supply is switched on and disconnected. It is established that the maximum current surge in the downhole reactive power compensator is 2,56 times with the parameters of the electrical system of the production well accepted in the study. The inventive measures for reducing the number of false actuations of the protection devices are also disclosed.

The mature larva of the Larainae riffle beetle genus Hypsilara Maier & Spangler, 2011 is described here for the first time, based on larvae of Hypsilara autanai Laššová, Čiampor Jr, Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, 2014. The larvae were collected with adults in the stream near the tepui Cerro Autana and Cerro Cuao (southwestern Venezuela) and associated together using DNA barcoding. Larvae of Hypsilara strongly resemble those of Phanoceroides, here we present important morphological diagnostic characters. This description complements the descriptions of the Larainae larvae in the Neotropics, as the larva of Hypsilara was the last one of the group missing so far.

The article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of shipbuilding production on the basis of pipe manufacturing technologies by design information. The reasons that prevent the manufacture of pipes by design information and possible ways to eliminate them are analyzed. Great attention to the manufacture of pipelines is explained by the significant amount of pipeline work, which makes 10-12% of the total labor intensity of building a ship, and on some projects - up to 14-17%. At the same time, the share of pipes manufactured in advance does not exceed 40%. The solution of the problem is considered in a historical retrospective taking into account modern realities, because the development and improvement of the technology of pipe production is one of the main important directions in the development of shipbuilding not only in Russia, but also in the world. Significant changes in the technology are associated with the widespread use of computing devices to improve the computer-aided design, technological preparation of production and the manufacture of pipelines according to design information. There has been carried out comparative analysis of pipe production efficiency using pipe bending machines, bent segments and straight sections. To form the pipe configuration, it is proposed to retain the traditional technology of pipe bending using pipe bending machines. Directions for further research in this area are identified and solutions are proposed, the implementation of which will help reduce construction time, reduce labor intensity and increase the productivity of pipeline work when fulfilling shipbuilding orders. Ensuring the reliability of design information is aimed at increasing the proportion of pipes manufactured in advance, regardless of the functional purpose of pipelines.

This article presents a review of the current literature on the problem of omission and prolapse of the internal genitalia in women. Patients diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse need pelvic floor plastic surgery. Currently, in spite of the extensive experience in managing this category of patients, there is still no single and unambiguous approach to the choice of surgical treatment tactics. This review describes the latest information on the etiopathogenesis of pelvic floor supporting apparatus lesions, namely, systemic connective tissue dysplasia as the main development factor. Prospective development of genetic and immunohistochemical marker diagnosis is the key to individual selection of treatment options for this multidisciplinary problem. The results of interventions are characterized by extreme variability in terms of both effectiveness and the frequency of intra- and postoperative complications. The treatment of rare forms of prolapse after surgery for rectal cancer also raises many questions. The current multitude of types of surgical interventions for genital prolapse and variants of pelvic floor defect closure is constantly being modified. To date, there is no universal treatment option, and all available techniques have both advantages and disadvantages, as well as limited application due to the risk of somatic complications, high recurrence rate, and the need for expensive equipment and a highly qualified surgeon. New research is needed, taking into account the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanism of the lesion of the pelvic floor supporting apparatus. All of this will improve the methods of correction of pelvic organ prolapse in both typical and rare forms caused by iatrogenic factors. As a result, this may lead to an improvement in the quality of life of such patients.

Breast reconstruction after complex oncological treatment is an urgent issue due to the high incidence of breast cancer. Aim. To analyze the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on the incidence of fat necrosis in single-stage autologous breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap and to evaluate the number of complications in groups with and without postoperative radiotherapy, as well as to determine the risk factors for complications. Materials and methods. The medical records of 34 breast cancer patients who underwent one-stage breast reconstruction using a DIEP flap after skin-sparing/subcutaneous mastectomy with and without subsequent radiation therapy were retrospectively studied. The frequency of complications in groups with and without postoperative radiation therapy was assessed. Results. Complications developed in 22 (64.7%) patients out of 34. Mild complications developed in 6 (17.6%) patients (divergence of the edges of the postoperative wound of the anterior abdominal wall). Complications of moderate severity developed in 12 (35.3%) patients. Severe complications developed in 4 (11.8%) patients. Out of 22 patients, 6 (17.4%) patients developed areas of fat necrosis after remote radiation therapy in the delayed period, 4 (11.8%) patients, without ESWL, also developed fat necrosis of a part of the flap (areas up to 5 cm). Excision of the area of fat necrosis of the flap was performed in 2 (5.9%) cases under local anesthesia, the rest of the areas of fat necrosis were not excised. The percentage of complications was higher in the group of patients with obesity (20.6%), which indicates that obesity is a risk factor for the development of intraoperative and postoperative complications in patients with simultaneous breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap. Conclusion. During radiotherapy after breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap, the incidence of fat necrosis of the flap was higher. Obesity is a risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications in patients with simultaneous increased breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap, since the incidence of complications was in the group of patients with obesity.

Domestic and international experience in increasing the bearing structure rigidity of vehicle bodies in the form of a reinforced shell with a cut-out is analyzed. Based on the analysis, approaches related to the reinforcement of the car underframe with additional longitudinal elements and bearing partitions are considered as promising. Options for installing one as well as with two partitions connected by longitudinal elements are considered. The first frequency of the body bending vibrations, the maximum stresses acting in the reinforced part of the structure, as well as the amount of mass gain associated with reinforcements are accepted as the criteria for choosing a rational design to increase the rigidity of the body bearing structure. The study object is the bearing structure of the sleeping passenger car body, 61-4517 model, produced by Tver Car Building Plant. Having analyzed the bearing structure of the car body, four variants of reinforcing the bearing system are proposed. For each of them, from four to ten structural designs are considered, differing in the type of profiles for their formation. The efficiency analysis within the accepted criteria is carried out by computer simulations using modern industrial software systems based on the finite element method. A detailed spatial and plate body model based on finite element is developed. Heavy equipment is included as some finite elements, as well as interior designs of the passenger car. The results obtained using the developed model are verified by the data of bench full-scale tests of the passenger car body. For each variant and design, the values of the first natural frequency of the body bending vibrations, maximum stresses arising in the structure under the action of regulatory forces, as well as the value of the mass gain of the bearing structure are obtained. The analysis of the obtained variants made it possible to find out the rational variant and its design, which provides an increase in the rigidity of the body bearing structure, a reduction in operating stresses with a minimal increase in the mass of the metal structure.

International audience; We continue studies of the uncertainty quantification problem in emission tomographies such aspositron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)when additional multimodal data (anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images) are avail-able. To solve the aforementioned problem we adapt the recently proposed nonparametric posteriorlearning technique to the context of Poisson-type data in emission tomography. Using this approachwe derive sampling algorithms which are trivially parallelizable, scalable and very easy to implement.In addition, we prove conditional consistency and tightness for the distribution of produced samplesin the small noise limit (i.e., when the acquisition time tends to infinity) and derive new geometricaland necessary condition on how MRI images must be used. This condition arises naturally in thecontext of identifiability problem for misspecified generalized Poisson models with wrong design. Wealso contrast our approach with Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling based on one dataaugmentation scheme which is very popular in the context of expectation-maximization algorithmsfor PET or SPECT. We show theoretically and also numerically that such data augmentation sig-nificantly increases mixing times for the Markov chain. In view of this, our algorithms seem to givea reasonable trade-off between design complexity, scalability, numerical load and assessment for theuncertainty

The review article is devoted to the history of the development of urine diversion methods, starting from the very first operations for the imposition of skin fistulas and ending with modern high-tech surgical interventions. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of urine diversion are described. It is shown that the gold standard today is orthotopic bladder plastic surgery, which allows to achieve good functional results and a high quality of life for patients.

Several different methods of DNA library preparation for paleogenetic studies are now available. However, the chemical reactions underlying each of them can affect the primary sequence of ancient DNA (aDNA) in the libraries and taint the results of a statistical analysis. In this paper, we compare the results of a sequencing of the aDNA libraries of a Bronze Age sample from burials of the Caucasian burial ground Klady, prepared using three different approaches: (1) shotgun sequencing, (2) strategies for selecting target genomic regions, and (3) strategies for selecting target genomic regions, including DNA pre-treatment with a mixture of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) and endonuclease VIII. The impact of the studied approaches to genomic library preparation on the results of a secondary analysis of the statistical data, namely F4 statistics, ADMIXTURE, and principal component analysis (PCA), was analyzed. It was shown that preparation of genomic libraries without the use of UDG can result in distorted statistical data due to postmortem chemical modifications of the aDNA. This distortion can be alleviated by analyzing only the single nucleotide polymorphisms caused by transversions in the genome.

Catalepsy is a behavioral condition that is associated with severe psychopathologies, including schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinsons disease. In some mouse strains, catalepsy can be induced by pinching the skin at the scruff of the neck. The main locus of hereditary catalepsy in mice has recently been linked to the 105115 Mb fragment of mouse chromosome 13 by QTL analysis. We performed whole-genome sequencing of catalepsy-resistant and catalepsy-prone mouse strains in order to pinpoint the putative candidate genes related to hereditary catalepsy in mice. We remapped the previously described main locus for hereditary catalepsy in mice to the chromosome region 103.92106.16 Mb. A homologous human region on chromosome 5 includes genetic and epigenetic variants associated with schizophrenia. Furthermore, we identified a missense variant in catalepsy-prone strains within the Nln gene. Nln encodes neurolysin, which degrades neurotensin, a peptide reported to induce catalepsy in mice. Our data suggest that Nln is the most probable candidate for the role of major gene of hereditary, pinch-induced catalepsy in mice and point to a shared molecular pathway between catalepsy in mice and human neuropsychiatric disorders.

Background DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are one of the most deleterious DNA lesions, originating from various sources, including enzymatic activity. For instance, topoisomerases, which play a fundamental role in DNA metabolic processes such as replication and transcription, can be trapped and remain covalently bound to DNA in the presence of poisons or nearby DNA damage. Given the complexity of individual DPCs, numerous repair pathways have been described. The protein tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) has been demonstrated to be responsible for removing topoisomerase 1 (Top1). Nevertheless, studies in budding yeast have indicated that alternative pathways involving Mus81, a structure-specific DNA endonuclease, could also remove Top1 and other DPCs. Results This study shows that MUS81 can efficiently cleave various DNA substrates modified by fluorescein, streptavidin or proteolytically processed topoisomerase. Furthermore, the inability of MUS81 to cleave substrates bearing native TOP1 suggests that TOP1 must be either dislodged or partially degraded prior to MUS81 cleavage. We demonstrated that MUS81 could cleave a model DPC in nuclear extracts and that depletion of TDP1 in MUS81-KO cells induces sensitivity to the TOP1 poison camptothecin (CPT) and affects cell proliferation. This sensitivity is only partially suppressed by TOP1 depletion, indicating that other DPCs might require the MUS81 activity for cell proliferation. Conclusions Our data indicate that MUS81 and TDP1 play independent roles in the repair of CPT-induced lesions, thus representing new therapeutic targets for cancer cell sensitisation in combination with TOP1 inhibitors.

The family home is the most important asset on household balance sheets, aside from human capital. Choosing a suitable mortgage is therefore critical to financial well-being but households often make costly mistakes. We collect data in an online survey to test borrowers’ comfort with, and understanding of, mortgage debt. We analyze the impact of financial literacy, mortgage broker advice and whether the loan is framed as a lump sum debt or an equivalent stream of repayments. We conjecture that participants’ comfort with loans and their ability to match lump sum debt to equivalent repayment streams will help them to choose a suitable mortgage. Results show that participants with high financial literacy are less comfortable with mortgage debt in general and also less sensitive to framing than those with low financial literacy. Literate participants are better able to match repayment streams with the equivalent lump sums. Endogeneity-controlled regression analysis shows that consulting brokers leads to higher comfort with debt and lower sensitivity to framing. Survey responses also indicate more uncertainty about future house prices among borrowers who intend to consult brokers than among those who do not.

In this study, we analyzed and summarized statistical literature data on the prevalence of diseases corresponding to the symptom complex of upper flaccid paramonoparesis in general and data provided from official reports of healthcare institutions in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Volgograd region in particular, in which the EXAR-34 exoskeleton can be used for orthotics. The results obtained can be taken as the basis for the possibility of introducing the EXAR-34 exoskeleton into production, as the only passive exoskeleton model produced in the Russian Federation by the INNOMED LLC enterprise for medical purposes.

Irradiation-driven fragmentation and chemical transformations of molecular systems play a key role in nanofabrication processes where organometallic compounds break up due to the irradiation with focused particle beams. In this study, reactive molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to analyze the role of the molecular environment on the irradiation-induced fragmentation of molecular systems. As a case study, we consider the dissociative ionization of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)$_5$, a widely used precursor molecule for focused electron beam-induced deposition. In connection to recent experiments, the irradiation-induced fragmentation dynamics of an isolated Fe(CO)$_5^+$ molecule is studied and compared with that of a Fe(CO)$_5^+$ molecule embedded into an argon cluster. The appearance energies of different fragments of an isolated Fe(CO)$_5^+$ agree with the recent experimental data. For Fe(CO)$_5^+$ embedded into an argon cluster, the simulations reproduce the experimentally observed suppression of Fe(CO)$_5^+$ fragmentation and provide an atomistic-level understanding of this effect. Understanding irradiation-driven fragmentation patterns for molecular systems in environments facilitates the advancement of atomistic models of irradiation-induced chemistry processes involving complex molecular systems., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

People vary in the extent to which they embrace their society’s traditions, impacting a range of social and political phenomena. People also vary in the degree to which they perceive disparate dangers as salient and necessitating a response. Over evolutionary time, traditions likely regularly offered direct and indirect avenues for addressing hazards; consequently, via multiple possible pathways, orientations toward tradition and toward danger may have become associated. Emerging research documents connections between individual differences in traditionalism and variation in threat responsivity in general, and pathogen-avoidance motivations in particular. Importantly, because threat-mitigating behaviors can conflict with competing priorities, the precise associations between traditionalism and pathogen avoidance likely depend on contextually contingent costs and benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic requires individuals to make decisions about consequential and costly pathogen-avoidance behaviors that can clash with other priorities. The pandemic therefore provides a real-world setting in which to test the posited relationship between traditionalism and pathogen avoidance across socio-political contexts. Across 27 societies (N = 7,844), we find that costly COVID-19-avoidance behaviors positively correlate with greater endorsement of traditional norms and values in a majority of countries. Accounting for the conflict that arises in some societies between public health precautions and competing priorities, such as the exercise of personal liberties, reveals a consistent relationship between traditionalism and COVID-19 precautions across an even wider range of social and cultural contexts. These findings support the thesis that traditionalism is associated with an enhanced tendency to attend to hazards.

Objective. We aimed to compare the diagnostic capabilities of the ratio of acceleration time to total left ventricular ejection time (AT/ET) in determining the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves (AV). Material and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 187 patients with moderate and severe AS who underwent diagnostic examination at the Penza Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether their AV was tricuspid or bicuspid. Visual assessment of the AV structure was performed using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). In indeterminate cases, computed tomography was used for the assessment. Results. A comparative analysis of the echocardiographic characteristics of patients with tricuspid and bicuspid AV did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the patient groups (p 0.05). Linear regression analysis in patients with a tricuspid AV demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between AT/ET scores and peak gradient (Gmax) (r=0.68, р=0.03), mean gradient (Gmean) (r=0.78, р=0.01), effective orifice area (EOA) (r=0.7, р=0.03), and doppler velocity index (DVI) scores (r=0.72, р=0.02). In patients with a bicuspid AV, a similarly significant correlation was found between the AT/ET index and Gmax (r=0.67, р=0.02), Gmean (r=0.8, р 0.001), EOA (r=0.72, р=0.04), and DVI (r=0.75, р=0.01). The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a high predictive ability of AT/ET for severe aortic valve stenosis (with a value 0.35). The area under the curve in patients with tricuspid and bicuspid AV was 84 (p 0.001) and 86 (p 0.001), respectively. For determining severe AV stenosis in patients with a tricuspid AV, the sensitivity and specificity of AT/ET 0.35 was 84% and 75%, respectively; and in patients with a bicuspid AV, it was 87% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion. The AT/ET ratio has comparable diagnostic capabilities in determining severe AS in patients with tricuspid and bicuspid AV structures. The AT/ET 0.35 is a highly sensitive parameter for defining severe AS for both morphologies of AV.

The analysis of domestic and foreign studies in the field of evaluating the dynamic strain of passenger car bodies allowed us to find out that most of the methods are based on the evaluation of the vibration strain. An improved method is proposed to consider to evaluate the vibration strain of the car. As a method for determining the body's structural properties, a mathematical modeling method is proposed. On the basis of this method, a finite element model of the body is developed, which natural frequencies and forms of vibrations are calculated by Lanczos method. The results obtained by finite element model are compared with the data obtained during tests conducted by the Testing Center TIV. The discrepancy between the calculation and the experiment is 11.85%, which indicates the adequacy of the created finite element model. To define the dynamic load of the body the developed finite element model was reduced to four variants, each of which is transformed into a spatial hybrid dynamic model. The results obtained during the calculation are compared with the values of the running tests of the car. The analysis of the data shows that the fourth variant of the finite element model of the passenger car body, which takes into account the real distribution of the mass of the internal equipment elements and the interior has values more approximate to the data obtained during running tests. Based on this, it can be concluded that this option is most suitable for calculating the stiffness characteristics of the passenger car body.

Background. Despite numerous studies, ambiguity remains at present regarding the impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) on long-term outcomes after aortic valve (AV) replacement. Objective. This study evaluates the effect of PPM on long-term results in patients after AV replacement with a biological prosthesis. Material and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 231 patients who underwent AV replacement with a biological prosthesis from 2010 to 2018 at the Penza Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery. Patients were implanted with the following biological prostheses: Medtronic Mosaic, Edwards PERIMOUNT, Biocor. Results. Moderate PPM was present in 131 patients (56%), and severe PPM in 1 patient (0.7%). The mean follow-up was 78.832 months. There were no significant differences in hospital mortality in patients with and without PPM, 4 (3%) and 3 (2,9%), respectively, p=0.9. In the long-term period, patients with PPM showed a slower regression of left ventricle (LV) mass and recovery of LV contractile function than patients without PPM, p=0.05. There was no significant difference in survival in the long-term follow-up period between patients with and without PPM long-term survival, 77.7% and 79%, respectively, p=0.6. Also, there were no significant differences in major adverse cardiac events and the freedom from adverse events was 90% and 91%; p=0.7. However, there was a tendency to more frequent hospitalization for chronic heart failure (CHF) exacerbation in the patient group with PPM than in those without PPM, 63.8% and 78%; HR 1.6; 95% CI 0.932.1, p=0.007. There was also a tendency for an increased biological valve structural degeneration in the group with PPM than in the group without PPM 76% and 87%, HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.43.1, p=0.01 According to the Cox regression, the overall postoperative mortality predictors were diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerosis HR 5; 95% CI 1.222, p=0.04 and HR 2.9; 95% CI 1.46.6, p=0.01 respectively. Predictors of the risk of hospitalization due to CHF exacerbation were previous myocardial infarction and PPM HR 0.4; 95% CI 0.20.9, p=0.04 and HR 1,5; 95% CI 0.92; p=0.005, respectively PPM HR 2; 95% CI 0.854.1, p=0.01. Conclusion. PPM is a common complication after AV replacement with a biological prosthesis. It is associated with a slower regression of LV mass, an increased risk of structural valve degeneration, and hospitalizations for exacerbated heart failure.

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has become established as an effective tool for the management of various neurologic disorders. Consequently, a growing number of VNS studies have been published over the past four decades. This study presents a bibliometric analysis investigating the current trends in VNS literature.Using the Web of Science collection data base, a search was performed to identify literature that discussed applications of VNS from 2000 to 2021. Analysis and visualization of the included literature were completed with VOSviewer.A total of 2895 publications were identified. The number of articles published in this area has increased over the past two decades, with the most citations (7098) occurring in 2021 and the most publications (270) in 2020. The h-index, i-10, and i-100 were 97, 994, and 91, respectively, with 17.0 citations per publication on average. The highest-producing country and institution of VNS literature were the United States and the University of Texas, respectively. The most productive journal was Epilepsia. Epilepsy was the predominant focus of VNS research, with the keyword "epilepsy" having the greatest total link strength (749) in the keyword analysis. The keyword analysis also revealed two major avenues of VNS research: 1) the mechanisms by which VNS modulates neural circuitry, and 2) therapeutic applications of VNS in a variety of diseases beyond neurology. It also showed a significant prevalence of noninvasive VNS research. Although epilepsy research appears more linked to implanted VNS, headache and depression specialists were more closely associated with noninvasive VNS.VNS may serve as a promising intervention for rehabilitation beyond neurologic applications, with an expanding base of literature over the past two decades. Although epilepsy researchers have produced most current literature, other fields have begun to explore VNS as a potential treatment, likely owing to the rise of noninvasive forms of VNS.

The paper discusses the main issues that arise while developing and implementing automatic process control systems (APCS) in relation to the technological operations of balancing quartz hemispherical resonators of solid-state wave gyroscopes. For this, the article gives a general algorithm for performing the technological process of resonator balancing; block diagrams of the automatic process control system of balancing and the general algorithm for balancing the resonators. The latter discloses internal algorithms for determining the physical parameters of the gyroscope resonator, for making a decision on resonator balancing and controlling the etching process of the gyroscope quartz resonator. The necessary application software (SW) for the automatic process control system for balancing gyroscope resonators is considered separately. The paper states that to build the first version of the automatic process control system for balancing resonators, it is recommended, as an intermediate step, to modernise and work out the “advising” automatic process control system, which, in the development of the existing locally automatic process control system, should be supplemented by solving the following important tasks: increasing the accuracy of determining physical parameters, calculating the efficiency of the ongoing balancing operation and estimating the effective control of the ion-plasma source. In the considered automatic process control system for balancing the resonators of the solid state wave gyroscopes (SSWG), it is not supposed to completely exclude the system operator’s role and importance. He performs the primary check of the stand, the installation of the resonator in the stand, as well as the initial setup. Automation at the first stage will consist of closing the operations of determining the physical parameters, calculating the balancing efficiency and ion-plasma etching of the quartz resonator. The closure of these operations is carried out with the help of application software installed on the central control computer of the automated workplace of the balancing system operator.

In the first part of the article [15], we presented the results of the analysis of the structural relationship of prospective areas and tectonic zonation of the Siberian Platform (SP). Here we demonstrate the reflection of the heredity of structural-material complexes (SMC) of the Precambrian basement of the SP to the Paleoproterozoic mantle-plume events in the geophysical fields. The analysis of the attributes of the prospective areas, as images of the SMC of the deep Precambrian, made it possible to determine the area of maximum thermal-mantle impact on the SP Precambrian lithosphere of the Early Proterozoic superplume, as well as its presumed center in the northwestern segment of the SP. The spatial distribution of the attributes, revealing the correlation of the components with the prospecting areas, contributed to the refinement of the position of the system of orthogonal lineaments on the SP, in general, corresponding to the framework reported in Basharin’s work [3]. The published geological and geophysical materials and the results of processing geophysical data showed that the deep structure of the central part of the Anabar tectonic province (AN) has the attributes characteristic of the Archean diamondiferous cratons. This can indicate the presence of a diamondiferous lithospheric root within AN. The southwestern segment of AN corresponds with the position of the Angara-Vilyui ore belt (AVRP) [2], which, along with other data, can allow us to extend the ore belt in the northeast direction, as well as recognize it in the rank of the Siberian diamond province. The prospects for the discovery of new industrial-diamond-bearing kimberlite fields are associated with the territory of the AN, the positions of the diamond-bearing lithospheric root, zones of deep crustal-mantle faults within it and its boundaries.

The article presents the materials of studies of foliar top dressing with organomineral fertilizers on the productivity and quality of grain of agricultural crops in the conditions of dark chestnut soils of the Saratov Left Bank. It is shown that the application of an organic microelement complex (OMEC) contributes to an increase in yield compared to the control at the level of 0.28 t/ha (winter wheat), 0.07 t/ha (chickpeas and sunflower) and 0.23 t/ha (corn). An analysis of the quality of the products showed that after foliar fertilization with an organic microelement complex (OMEK) these values were higher compared to the control and after application of Bionex-Kemi. When calculating the economic efficiency, the highest net income indicators were after foliar top dressing with an organic microelement complex (OMEK).

Purpose: To study the job of polymer elements of coupler draft gear. To develop the models of polymer elements of draft gear retaining set given the use in a polymer element of parts that lose stability during an operation. To obtain force characteristics of the developed models of polymer elements with the help of computer simulation. To compare the parameters of obtained force characteristics with the experimental data of non-modernized polymer element. As an object of research, to use supporting polymer element of draft gear PMKP-110. Methods: Computer modeling based on finite element method (FEM) was used to determine optimal variant of polymer element geometry. Since polymer elements’ job involves significant deformation of the elements themselves, the simulation was carried out in software package, which specializes in solving highly nonlinear problems. To compare the effectiveness of the developed models, the polymer element experimental study was carried out. Results: The necessity to study and modernize polymeric suites of automatic coupler draft gears is shown. One of the directions for polymer elements modernization is considered and several variants for polymer element models designed within the studied trends are presented. The most promising variants from possible models was chosen. Further research recommendations are given. Practical significance: The considered approach in polymer element study and modernization makes it possible to obtain a polymer suite with force characteristic improved parameters – an energy intensity and completeness coefficients. Such polymer suites installed into draft gears can increase their reliability, increase the efficiency that in a whole can affect the safety of cars and goods they carry.

The paper presents the results of a sociological study conducted in a multi-confessional community situated in the central area of Moldova, Romania. Its main aim was to establish the way in which social distance is perceived and affirmed in this rural community. We used the scale of social distance, starting from the model developed by Bogardus (1925), which has become the most frequently used method of emphasizing the acceptance or isolation of social groups. We calculated the Social Distance Index (SDI), the Social Contact Index (SCI), and the Qualitative Index of Social Contacts (QISC). Results are focused on inter-confessional issues, and conclusions reveal a community open to what is close and known, but reluctant to what is distant and less known.

Purpose Data on efficacy and toxicity of infradiaphragmal radiotherapy fields in lymphoma patients are scarce. We therefore performed this retrospective study to analyse our experience with radiotherapy exclusively to infradiaphragmal fields. Materials and methods we retrospectively evaluated 101 patients treated between 2003 and 2014. Median dose was 36 Gy, range 4 to 54 Gy. Medium dose per fraction was 2 Gy, range 1.5 to 7 Gy. Results After a median follow-up of 66 months (range 1–211 months), we observed lymphoma recurrence in 38 patients (38%), five in the RT field and 33 out-of-field. Recurrences were significantly more frequent in the salvage group (17 outof- field and 4 in-field in 31 patients) than in adjuvant group (16 out-of-field and 1 in-field in 70 patients ; p < 0.001). The 2-, 5- and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) rates were 62%, 56% and 54%. The 2-, 5- and 10- year overall survival (OS) rates for the entire group of patients are 73%, 60% and 54%, respectively. Acute side effects occurred in 43 (43%) patients, most frequent gastrointestinal in 26 (26%) patients. Late side effects occurred in 12 (12%) of all patients, 6 of 23 (26%) followed up for more than 10 years. Six patients developed secondary cancers, four gastrointestinal disturbances, two diabetes mellitus and three renal failure. Conclusion Radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with infradiaphragmatic lymphoma providing excellent local disease control with minimal late toxicity. Infradiaphragmatic lymphoma localization should not be regarded as a contraindication for use of radiotherapy. However, patients should be monitored for a secondary malignancy.

Background. Over the past 10 years, the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) over 80 cm3 has increased 34 times. With indications for surgical treatment, transurethral methods are increasingly used today with the use of laser or plasma techniques for resection and enucleation of the prostate. The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of plasma transurethral enucleation of the prostate (P-TUEP) and open prostatectomy, methods of surgical and drug prevention of dysuric complications, which indicates the primacy of the choice of P-TUEP in large and giant BPH surgery. Aims to prove the effectiveness of the use of plasma surgical methods and the scheme of complex medical postoperative prevention of late dysuric and cicatricial complications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia of large and giant sizes. Methods. The design of a retrospective cohort trial included several stages conducted at the urological center of the clinical hospital RZD-Medicine, Nizhny Novgorod in 20082019. The object of the study were patients with a confirmed diagnosis of large BPH (over 80 cm3) and giant (over 250 cm3) size, divided into the main and control groups according to the methods of surgical intervention and postoperative prevention of dysuric complications. The selection of patients was carried out by the method of paired design with an equal number of observations and maximum comparability of the initial parameters. Data analysis was carried out using the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics, multivariate statistical analysis. Results. Comparison of the results of P-TUEP (n = 122) and open prostatectomy (n = 122) in groups of patients with large and giant BPH showed the possibility of reducing intraoperative blood loss by 1.5 times, the duration of bladder catheterization by 3.8 times, the frequency of early postoperative complications by 1.7 times and the duration of hospitalization by 2.9 times, which significantly saves hospital costs. Modification of the initial stage of P-TUEP, which consists in creating access to the prostate using new anatomical landmarks to maximize the preservation of the anterior fibrostromal complex, reduces the risk of trauma to the external urethral sphincter, which was proven by a three-fold decrease in the frequency of stress incontinence after surgery. In order to prevent late dysuric and cicatricial complications of P-TUEP, a scheme of complex medical postoperative prophylaxis with the use of a hyaluronic acid preparation was developed. It has been histologically and clinically confirmed that instillations of a hyaluronic acid solution into the bladder in combination with standard postoperative therapy make it possible to accelerate reparative processes by 24 times and get rid of irritative symptoms at 612 postoperative weeks, depending on the volume of removed BPH. Conclusion. The validity of the use, clinical and economic efficiency, high safety profile and the primacy of the choice of P-TUEP in surgery of large and giant BPH, including its modified technique and a comprehensive scheme of drug prevention of late complications, have been proven.

The paper considers the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the process of coal mining during the coal mine methane utilization in power supply systems. An algorithm to form recommendations for the implementation of CMM generation is presented. A simulation model for one of the Kuzbass coal mines was developed in the PowerFactory software application. The simulation model considers the uneven nature of the power consumption of mining equipment. As a result of modeling, daily power consumption profiles and voltage levels in the coal mine power supply system were determined before and after the implementation of the proposed measures. Based on the results, the technical and economic effects was estimated, which consisted in reducing the direct and indirect carbon footprint, electricity and capacity fees. It has been established that the cost of carbon dioxide emission quotas significantly affects the investment attractiveness of cogeneration projects. Based on the results, recommendations are given to stimulate the development of small generation in coal mines.

OBJECTIVE Despite antiepileptic drugs, more than 30% of people with epilepsy continue to have seizures. Patients with such drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) may undergo invasive treatment such as resection, laser ablation of the epileptogenic focus, or vagus nerve stimulation, but many are not candidates for epilepsy surgery or fail to respond to such interventions. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) provides a neuromodulatory option. In this study, the authors present a single-center experience with the use of RNS over the last 5 years to provide long-term control of seizures in patients with DRE with at least 1 year of follow-up. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected single-center database of consecutive DRE patients who underwent RNS system implantation from September 2015 to December 2020. Patients were followed-up postoperatively to evaluate seizure freedom and complications. RESULTS One hundred patients underwent RNS placement. Seven patients developed infections: 2 responded to intravenous antibiotic therapy, 3 required partial removal and salvaging of the system, and 2 required complete removal of the RNS device. No postoperative tract hemorrhages, strokes, device migrations, or malfunctions were documented in this cohort. The average follow-up period was 26.3 months (range 1–5.2 years). In terms of seizure reduction, 8 patients had 0%–24% improvement, 14 had 25%–49% improvement, 29 experienced 50%–74% improvement, 30 had 75%–99% improvement, and 19 achieved seizure freedom. RNS showed significantly better outcomes over time: patients with more than 3 years of RNS therapy had 1.8 higher odds of achieving 75% or more seizure reduction (95% CI 1.07–3.09, p = 0.02). Also, patients who had undergone resective or ablative surgery prior to RNS implantation had 8.25 higher odds of experiencing 50% or more seizure reduction (95% CI 1.05–65.1, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Responsive neurostimulator implantation achieved 50% or more seizure reduction in approximately 80% of patients. Even in patients who did not achieve seizure freedom, significant improvement in seizure duration, severity, or postictal state was reported in more than 68% of cases. Infection (7%) was the most common complication. Patients with prior resective or ablative procedures and those who had been treated with RNS for more than 3 years achieved better outcomes.

В связи с интенсивно развивающимися в настоящее время теорией квантовой криптографии и теорией квантовых вычислителей обсуждается возможность синтеза шифров с потенциально бесконечным множеством криптографических ключей, построенных на основе рекурсивно перечислимых, но не рекурсивных множеств.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of political and legal problems that arose during the formation on the territory of the USSR and the combat use of Czechoslovak military units in the Great Patriotic War. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of the research presented in the article is the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, as well as general and special methods typical of historical studies. The source base of the research includes both published and unpublished documents found by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Analysis. The Czechoslovak formations were part of the Czechoslovak armed forces and were subordinate to the emigrant government, and in operational and military-technical matters were under the Soviet supreme command. However, the presence of several actors (the Czechoslovak government in exile, the leadership of the USSR, the command of Czechoslovak units and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia) led to a number of political and legal conflicts in this process. Firstly, the intention of the emigrant government to save military forces (in fact, supported in some way by the leadership of the USSR) was in conflict with the plans of the KSČ leadership and the commander of the Czechoslovak units, Svoboda L., who advocated maximum possible participation of Czechoslovaks in combat operations on the territory of the Soviet Union. Secondly, the Soviet side sought to put the Czechoslovak formations under its control. The third manifestation of the contradictions was “the case of the Army of A. Hasal” (autumn 1944), with which the problem of belonging to Transcarpathia was closely intertwined. Results. Despite the existence of a number of political and legal conflicts, they did not become an obstacle to the creation and combat use of Czechoslovak military formations on the Soviet-German front. In addition, the Soviet-Czechoslovak relations themselves developed quite constructively during the Great Patriotic War.