1. Improved Suzuki–Miyaura reaction conversion efficiency using magnetic nanoparticles and inductive heating
- Author
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Alejandro Villacampa, Luis Duque, Olga Juanes, Francisco Javier Palomares, Pilar Herrasti, Nieves Menéndez, UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, and UAM. Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Subjects
Magnetic induction ,Catalytic reaction ,Suzuki–Miyaura reaction ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Magnetic nanoparticles ,Física ,General Materials Science ,Fe@Fe3O4 ,Química - Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles in C–C coupling reactions enables the facile recovery of the catalyst under environmentally friendly conditions. Herein, the synthesis of Pd/Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles by the reduction of Pd2+ and oxidation of Fe on the surface of preformed Fe@Fe3O4 is reported. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques (transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction) to determine their size, structure, and chemical composition. The catalytic efficiency of these nanoparticles in classical Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions was investigated. The nanoparticles achieved high catalytic activity with the application of local heating by an alternating magnetic field. An investigation was conducted at identical temperatures to compare global heating with the application of an external magnetic field; magnetic heating demonstrated excellent substrate conversion in lesser time and at a lower temperature. The catalyst could also be recycled and reused three times, with ~ 30% decrease in the substrate conversion, which is most likely due to the agglomeration of the Pd nanoparticles or poisoning of the Pd catalyst. This approach, which takes advantage of the catalytic activity and magnetic susceptibility of magnetic nanoparticles, can be applied to several organic transformations to improve their efficiency, We are grateful for financial support provided by the Government of Spain through project PGC2018-095642-B-I00. In addition, A. Villacampa and L. Duque acknowledge the Community of Madrid for Predoctoral contracts PEJD-2019-PRE/IND-15356 and PEJ-2019-AI/IND-12506, respectively, co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Youth Employment Operational Program and the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI)
- Published
- 2022