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The main aim of this study is to determine the Coccinellidae fauna of Ankara. For this purpose, field studies were carried out in May-October 2018 and April-October 2019 in Ankara. 5310 specimens were collected. Totally 38 species belonging to 4 subfamilies and 20 genera were identified. The genus Scymnus Kugelann, 1794 is the most species-rich genus with 11 species. Faunal similarities and species diversities of districts of Ankara province are compared. According to the Brillouin diversity index, species diversities were found the highest in Akyurt and Güdül districts

Although the species richness of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) in Brazil (~340 species) is one of the highest for the family worldwide, we still do not know the actual number of species, the extent of their distribution, or the species seasonal dynamics for a single area in the Neotropics. The soldier fly fauna in the semideciduous seasonal forests, which cover a major area of the countryside of the state of São Paulo, is poorly known compared to the best-known areas in the Atlantic Forest for stratiomyids, such as the ombrophilous forests on the southeast coast. With the constant habitat fragmentation of the remnants of the semideciduous forests in the state for crops and pastures for cattle, we are losing valuable data about biodiversity. This study details the stratiomyids for a single area in the Neotropical Region, using a standardized collecting methodology with Malaise traps, from May 2010 to December 2011. Here, we provide a list of 41 stratiomyid species and 25 genera in eight subfamilies from a total of 1,533 specimens collected in the Reserva Biológica e Ecológica Augusto Ruschi, Sertãozinho, Brazil. The current number of species/morphospecies reported for the state of São Paulo is raised to 113, with Merosargus golbachi James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 and M. tripartitus James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 reported for the first time to Brazil. Our analyses estimate even higher richness in the studied area, probably between 48 to 114 species, indicating that further collection efforts are needed.

A total of 5038 species of order Diptera (Nematocera – 1672 species, Brachycera – 3366 species), belonging to 110 families, has been established in Bulgaria so far. The families Chironomidae (327 species – 6.5%) of Nematocera and Tachinidae (425 species – 8.4%) of Brachycera are the most numerous. The distribution of dipterans in the different regions of Bulgaria is presented. The vertical distribution of the families is considered. The greatest number of species has been found in the zone of the xerothermic oak forests (3362 species – 66.7%). The dipterous fauna can be divided into 2 main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (515 species – 10.2%) – more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic and the lower parts of the mountains; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (4377 species – 87.2%) – more eurybiontic and widely distributed in the Palaearctic. The endemic species are 128 (2.5%). The distribution of the zoogeographical categories in the separate vegetation belts of Bulgaria is scrutinized. Of the established species, 61 are pests on the forestry or agriculture and 75 species have a human or veterinary medical significance. The bibliography contains 1374 publications.

A total of 1272 two-winged species that belong to 58 families has been reported from the Vitosha Mt. The Tachinidae (208 species or 16.3%) and Cecidomyiidae (138 species or 10.8%) are the most numerous. The greatest number of species has been found in the mesophylic and xeromesophylic mixed forests belt (707 species or 55.6%) and in the northern part of the mountain (645 species or 50.7%). The established species belong to 83 areographical categories. The dipterous fauna can be divided into two main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (53 species or 4.2%) -- more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic; seven species of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (1219 species or 95.8%) -- more cold-resistant and widely distributed in the Palaearctic; 247 species of northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well. The endemic species are 15 (1.2%). The distribution of the species according to the zoogeographical categories in the vegetation belts and the distribution of the zoogeographical categories in each belt are considered. The dipteran fauna of the Vitosha Mt. is compared to this of the Rila and Pirin Mountains.

A total of 1351 species from 63 families (759 species from the Pirin Mts. and 1003 species from the Rila Mts.) have been recorded from the two mountains so far. The low degree of similarity (46.2%) of the fauna between these mountains is related to their natural features and insufficient research. The greatest number of species has been found in the zone of the beech forests (409 species or 55.1% from Pirin Mts. and 736 species or 73.4% from the Rila Mts.). The degree of similarity between the dipteran fauna of the different vegetation belts of the two mountains ranges from 0% to 46.6%. The dipterans belong to 92 areographical categories, divided into two supergroups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution: more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic (49 species or 6.5% from Pirin Mts. and 48 species or 4.8% from the Rila Mts.); 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution: more eurybiontic and widely distributed in the Palaearctic (710 species or 93.5% from Pirin Mts. and 955 species or 95.2% from the Rila Mts.). The Holomediterranean and Mediterranean-Central Asian forms (from 0.6% to 1.3%) are the best represented in the first group. The European, Holarctic, Holoeurosiberian and Transpalaearctic taxa (from 7.8% to 19.0%) prevail in the second group. A total of 12--13 species (from 1.2% to 1.7%) are endemics. The distribution of the zoogeographical categories in the separate vegetation belts of the mountains is scrutinised.

The field sampling of the Aphodiini scarab beetles in Dosang environs (Astrakhan Province, European Russia) in 2006–2012 resulted in the collection of 44 species. All but one of them belong to Aphodius Hellwig (sensu lato). This is apparently the richest recorded local Aphodiini fauna in Russia. The high Aphodiini diversity in the area can be explained by the long vegetative season with high effective heat sum, large livestock providing abundant food resources throughout the year, and location in the transition belt between Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain and Desert floristic districts. The core fauna consists of mesophilous species widely distributed in the Palearctic region and confined to the intrazonal habitats. Other species have ranges mostly limited to the steppe, semidesert, and desert zones.

The taxonomic composition and diversity of Trichoptera larvae communities were studied in four lotic sites in central region of State of Rio Grande do Sul. Sampling was done monthly from June, 2001 to May, 2002 in four sites located at the middle section of Jacuí River (Point 4) and in three tributaries (Carijinho River - Point 1; Lajeado da Gringa - Point 2 and Lajeado do Gringo - Point 3), with a Surber sampler. The total number of larvae collected was 29,143, belonging to 25 genera distributed in nine families; twenty of these genera are new records for the State. The highest abundance was found at Point 2 (n = 12,547). The highest standardized richness, for a 1,177 specimens sample chosen by chance, was recorded at Point 1, followed by Point 4 (17.7 and 16 genera, respectively). The highest diversity was found at Point 1, and the lowest at Point 3 (H' = 1.31 and H' = 0.77, respectively). Point 1 had the lowest anthropic influence and the best preserved riparian vegetation, while Point 3 presented the highest anthropic impact, and a very reduced riparian vegetation. The diversity of Trichoptera observed in this study is low, compared to the estimated maximum theoretical diversity. Low diversity values are related to the low evenness, since the richness was relatively high. The Trichoptera larvae communities seem to be related to the food availability and physical features (riparian vegetation and anthropic influence) of the study sites. A composição taxonômica e a diversidade de comunidades de larvas de Trichoptera foram estudadas em quatro ambientes lóticos na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente de junho de 2001 a maio de 2002 em quarto pontos, localizados no trecho médio do Rio Jacuí (Ponto 4) e em três tributários (Rio Carijinho - Ponto 1; Lajeado da Gringa - Ponto 2 e Lajeado do Gringo - Ponto 3), com amostrador de Surber. O número total de larvas coletado foi 29.143, pertencentes a 25 gêneros distribuídos em nove famílias; vinte destes gêneros constituem registros novos para o Estado. A maior abundância foi encontrada no Ponto 2 (n = 12.547). A maior riqueza padronizada, para uma amostra de 1.177 espécimes retirados ao acaso, foi registrada no Ponto 1, seguida pelo Ponto 4 (17,7 e 16 gêneros, respectivamente). A maior diversidade foi encontrada no Ponto 1 e a menor no Ponto 3 (H' = 1,31 e H' = 0,77, respectivamente). O Ponto 1 possui a menor influência antrópica e a vegetação ripária melhor conservada, enquanto o Ponto 3 apresentou o maior impacto antrópico e a vegetação ripária muito reduzida. A diversidade de Trichoptera observada neste estudo foi baixa, comparada com a diversidade teórica máxima estimada. Os baixos valores de diversidade registrados estão relacionados à baixa equidade, pois a riqueza foi relativamente alta. As comunidades de larvas de Trichoptera parecem estar relacionadas com a disponibilidade alimentar e as características físicas (vegetação ripária e influência antrópica) dos ambientes estudados.

The taxonomic composition and diversity of Trichoptera larvae communities were studied in four lotic sites in central region of State of Rio Grande do Sul. Sampling was done monthly from June, 2001 to May, 2002 in four sites located at the middle section of Jacuí River (Point 4) and in three tributaries (Carijinho River - Point 1; Lajeado da Gringa - Point 2 and Lajeado do Gringo - Point 3), with a Surber sampler. The total number of larvae collected was 29,143, belonging to 25 genera distributed in nine families; twenty of these genera are new records for the State. The highest abundance was found at Point 2 (n = 12,547). The highest standardized richness, for a 1,177 specimens sample chosen by chance, was recorded at Point 1, followed by Point 4 (17.7 and 16 genera, respectively). The highest diversity was found at Point 1, and the lowest at Point 3 (H' = 1.31 and H' = 0.77, respectively). Point 1 had the lowest anthropic influence and the best preserved riparian vegetation, while Point 3 presented the highest anthropic impact, and a very reduced riparian vegetation. The diversity of Trichoptera observed in this study is low, compared to the estimated maximum theoretical diversity. Low diversity values are related to the low evenness, since the richness was relatively high. The Trichoptera larvae communities seem to be related to the food availability and physical features (riparian vegetation and anthropic influence) of the study sites.A composição taxonômica e a diversidade de comunidades de larvas de Trichoptera foram estudadas em quatro ambientes lóticos na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram coletadas mensalmente de junho de 2001 a maio de 2002 em quarto pontos, localizados no trecho médio do Rio Jacuí (Ponto 4) e em três tributários (Rio Carijinho - Ponto 1; Lajeado da Gringa - Ponto 2 e Lajeado do Gringo - Ponto 3), com amostrador de Surber. O número total de larvas coletado foi 29.143, pertencentes a 25 gêneros distribuídos em nove famílias; vinte destes gêneros constituem registros novos para o Estado. A maior abundância foi encontrada no Ponto 2 (n = 12.547). A maior riqueza padronizada, para uma amostra de 1.177 espécimes retirados ao acaso, foi registrada no Ponto 1, seguida pelo Ponto 4 (17,7 e 16 gêneros, respectivamente). A maior diversidade foi encontrada no Ponto 1 e a menor no Ponto 3 (H' = 1,31 e H' = 0,77, respectivamente). O Ponto 1 possui a menor influência antrópica e a vegetação ripária melhor conservada, enquanto o Ponto 3 apresentou o maior impacto antrópico e a vegetação ripária muito reduzida. A diversidade de Trichoptera observada neste estudo foi baixa, comparada com a diversidade teórica máxima estimada. Os baixos valores de diversidade registrados estão relacionados à baixa equidade, pois a riqueza foi relativamente alta. As comunidades de larvas de Trichoptera parecem estar relacionadas com a disponibilidade alimentar e as características físicas (vegetação ripária e influência antrópica) dos ambientes estudados.

Fil: Paggi, Analia Constancia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Rodrigues Capitulo, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; Argentina