Search

PurposeResearch on the relationship between sleep duration and obesity defined using multiple anthropometric and bioelectrical indices in women remains scarce. We aimed to explore the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) among females.MethodsWe recruited women for medical examination using multistage cluster sampling. Sleep was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep duration was categorized into short (ResultsA total of 7,763 women with a mean age of 42.6 ± 13.5 years were included. The percentage of women reporting short and long sleep was 10.3 and 13.4% respectively. The mean BMI, WHR, PBF and VFA were 23.07 ± 3.30 kg/m2, 0.78 ± 0.06, 32.23 ± 6.08% and 91.64 ± 35.97cm2, respectively. Short sleep was independently associated with 35% (95% CI: 1.05–1.75) increased odds of general obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/cm2), and long sleep was associated with 18% (95% CI: 1.01–1.37) increased odds of visceral obesity (VFA > 100 cm2). No association was observed between sleep deprivation or excessive sleep and high WHR or high PBF.ConclusionIn women, short sleep was associated with an increased odds of general obesity, whereas long sleep was associated with an increased odds of visceral obesity. Longitudinal observations are needed to confirm this cross-sectional relationship.

To facilitate coal mining under the industrial square in Western China, short-wall paste continuous mining and continuous backfilling (PCMCB) is proposed to release the overlaid resources and handle coal gangue. First, the concept of short-wall PCMCB is presented, and the principle of surface subsidence is analyzed. Second, the mechanical model of the branch roadway and strength of the backfill body are established via mechanical derivations. Third, the proportion of backfill materials is calculated. Finally, field applications are carried out in the Dingjiaqu coal mine. The results show the following: 1) Based on the simply supported beam model of the roof and strength design model of the backfill body, the reasonable width of the branch roadway was determined as 5 m and late strength of the backfill body should exceed 2.62 MPa in the Dingjiaqu coal mine. 2) According to the design strength of the backfill body and backfill material proportion, the reasonable ratio of cement: fly ash: gangue: water was determined as 1:1.82:4.17:1.78. 3) In accordance with the equivalent mining height theory, the critical filling rate of the goaf should be more than 90% to ensure that the deformation is within the first level of building damage. 4) The field application shows that subsidence could be effectively controlled by backfilling, the overall surface subsidence was very small, and the maximum subsidence value (77 mm) was far lower than the deformation extremes of the building protection requirements. This study provides practical guidance for the exploitation of overlaid resources under similar shallow burial conditions, which can help in the disposal of coal gangue with considerable social and economic benefits with popularization and application.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Reg4 does not affect body weights under normal diet. Figure S2. Fluoresence minus one (FMO) controls for the flow cytometry plots of Fig. 2a (a) and b (b). Figure S3. Phenotypes of IL-35+ B cells in the adipose tissues of huREG4IECtg mice. Flow cytometry of CD45+, CD19+, p35+Ebi3+ cells and the surface markers (IgD, IgM, IL-10, CD1d, CD5, CD11b, CD21/35, CD23, CD25, CD69, CD72, CD138, CD40 and CD86) of p35+Ebi3+ cells. Gray line, isotype negative controls (NC); Red line, surface markers in p35+Ebi3+B cells of WT mice; Blue line, surface markers in p35+Ebi3+ B cells of huREG4IECtg mice (HuR4). Figure S4. Reg 4 promotes accumulation of IL-35+ cells in colonic lamina propria (LP) tissues, spleen and payer patch. Figure S5. The proportion of gut bacteria. Figure S6. Generation of CD19+p35+Ebi3+ or CD4+p35+Ebi3+ cells depends on gut microbiota. Figure S7. IAA plus LPS does not induce IL-35+CD4+ cells in vitro. Figure S8. IAA plus LPS promotes the binding of PXR with P65 and RXR. Figure S9. IAA with LPS mediated CD19+p35+Ebi3+ cells depends on PXR transcription factor. Figure S10. Dominant lactobacillus with LPS induces generation of CD19+p35+ or CD19+p35+Ebi3+ cells. Figure S11. CD45.1 cells in the adipose tissues of mice transplanted B cells. Figure S12. IL-35 promotes resistance to HFD induced obesity. Glucose tolerance (upper) and insulin sensitivity (below) of WT (WT1), Reg4 KO(R4KO) and huREG4IECtg(HuR4) mice and WT2 which were fed by HFD for 10 weeks, and then transplanted using IL-35+ B cells with (siIL-35) or without siRNA treatment. Data are from three independent experiments. Analysis of variance test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Other cells, isolated B cells from spleen cells. Figure S13. F4/80+CD11C+, F4/80+CD206+, IFN��+CD4+ and Foxp3+CD4+ cells in fat pad of different treated mice. Table S1. Reagents used in this study.

Long afterglow materials can store and release light energy after illumination. A brick-like, micrometer-sized Sr2 MgSi2 O7 :Eu2+ ,Dy3+ long-afterglow material is used for hydrogen production by the photocatalytic reforming of methanol under round-the-clock conditions for the first time, achieving a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 5.18 %. This material is one of the most efficient photocatalysts and provides the possibility of practical use on a large scale. Its remarkable photocatalytic activity is attributed to its unique carrier migration path and large number of lattice defects. These findings expand the application scope of long afterglow materials and provide a new strategy to design efficient photocatalysts by constructing trap levels that can prolong carrier lifetimes.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Additional file 3.

Additional file 2.

Colored titanium oxides are usually unstable in the atmosphere. Herein, a gray rutile titanium dioxide is synthesized by two-step calcination successively in a high-temperature reduction atmosphere and in a lower-temperature air atmosphere. The as-synthesized gray rutile TiO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than that of white rutile TiO2 and shows high chemical stability. This is attributed to interior oxygen vacancies, which can improve the separation and transmission efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. Most notably, a formed surface passivation layer will protect the interior oxygen vacancies and provide long-term photocatalytic activity.

The interaction of aerosol-cloud-precipitation has an important impact on the global climate. The understanding of this issue is related to the uncertainty of climate change prediction. The traditional indirect effect of aerosols suggests that when the number of aerosols increases, it will act to suppress precipitation. However, recent studies on satellite observations have found that aerosols are positively correlated with precipitation, which is contrary to conventional views. This study attempts to use the A-Train satellite product to verify the correlation between aerosol and precipitation, and further reveals the possible physical mechanism of the positive relationship between aerosols and precipitation in satellite observations through the three-dimensional structure of clouds. The study found that the precipitation intensity is positively correlated with the aerosol optical depth, while the relationship between the cloud droplet concentration and the precipitation intensity is related to the liquid water path; and when the number of aerosols increases, the radar reflectance spectrum is widened, and the precipitation increases, while the cloud droplet concentration shows the opposite phenomenon. It can be concluded that the possible cause of positive correlation between aerosol and precipitation is the negative correlation between CDNC and AOD., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures