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Child care in local communities could be further supported with suggestions on child- rearing and child-rearing environments for the society of today. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to elucidate narratives on child-rearing and the child-rearing environment from elderly women’s with personal experience of child-rearing in fishing villages. The semi-structured interviews with nine women aged 80 or above who lived in fishing-industry-dominated areas and had experience of child-rearing provided data for analysis. The results of the analysis indicated six categories: “neighborhood ties”, “responsibilities of family heads for safeguarding children and the family business”, “cultivate child-rearing ability through caring for children from a very early age”, “incorporating child-rearing into daily activities”, “explaining local community rules to children”, and “promoting and preserving child health.” “Neighborhood ties” had a dual significance in the child-rearing environment; mothers were supported in their parenting role at the same time as being in a setting where child-rearing ability could be cultivated through experience.Narratives focusing on the role of the mother emphasized the progressive socialization of children and the support for child care in the local community provided by people in the neighborhood. Maternal child-caring became a natural act in the mother’s own upbringing, based on frequent experiences of regularly looking after younger siblings as a part of life from a very young age. Accordingly, this analysis suggests that child care needs to be implemented as a function of the local community. Furthermore, the strengths and nature of the relevant local community can underpin a community-based integrated care system capable of responding to local diversity. We also suggest that the reinforcement and collaboration entailed in such a system are vital for child care in local communities.

Island communities and fishing villages in South Korea have been affected by changes in policy and environmental conditions. This paper presents an overview of and potential solutions to sustainability challenges confronting Korea’s island communities and fishing villages. The paper is grounded in a review of the relevant Korean and international research literature. The paper identifies the following major challenges: climate change, overexploitation of and damage to marine resources, and sociocultural challenges. The paper recommends an integrated approach to sustainable development that involves building a cooperative system with the Korea Island Development Institute, focus on ‘livable islands’, encouraging in-migration to islands, improving island accessibility, and identifying and assessing island ecosystem services. The paper concludes that it is necessary to develop an integrated approach driven by institutional, policy, technological, and sociocultural innovation.

The historic landscape is an important component of a village, and the alteration of villages is a necessary process of development. To analyze characteristics of historic rural landscape alterations and the reasons behind them, this study utilized a landscape multifunctional approach and a comprehensive methodology comprising space syntax and field investigations. This study divides the historic rural landscape into two types, ecology-led and production-led patterns, which validate the relationship among ecology, social properties, and cultural connotation in space, offering a new perspective on the alteration of historic rural landscapes. Our findings indicate the interaction among ecology, production, and lives, both diachronically and synchronically, and suggest that it is possible to maintain ecological harmony, functional transformation, and the inheritance of cultural connotation through improving historic rural landscapes.

Between 29 November and 3 December, 2017, Cyclone Ockhi devastated hundreds of lives and livelihoods of coastal fishing communities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. This study assesses the impacts of the cyclone on fishing communities and the mechanisms in place at the local, national and international levels to address disaster risks and sea safety in small-scale fisheries, using a human rights-based approach. In line with the Sendai Framework 2015-2030 and the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries, the study recommends applying “relief-development continuum” and “build back better” concepts to the management of disaster risks in order to save lives and to reduce damage to fisheries assets and livelihoods.

A Peoples Long March against dams on the Indus River, organized by the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum, earned widespread support and solidarity from the fishing and peasant community of Sindh

The painful aftermath of Cyclone Ockhi reveals the multiple dimensions of disaster preparedness that still need attention in India.

National Workshop on Small-scale Fisheries, Cyclone Ockhi and Disaster Risk Management was held on 28 to 29 May, 2018 at Thiruvananthapuram. The workshop was organised by the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) Trust with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The workshop was attended by a large number of distinguished participants, including fishworker organisations, government officials, academics, non-governmental organisations, civil society organisations and the disaster affected community. Representatives from FAO and the Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO) also attended the programme. On 29 November 2017, a deep depression, detected in the Indian Ocean southwest of Sri Lanka, rapidly intensified into a cyclonic storm off the coast of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep Islands. Cyclone Ockhi, as it was named, took the life of a number of fishers, injured many and destroyed fishing vessels and gear.

Innovative boat clinics bring health and hope to thousands of men, women and children, among India’s poorest, who live along the mighty Brahmaputra river.

The economy of Marzamemi, a small fishing village in the territory of Pachino, has always been linked to the sea. In the past the main activities were those connected with the tonnara, with the salting of fish and with the maritime commerce of the agricultural products. Later, the village became an important beach resort on a local scale. In the second half of the 1980s, the redevelopment of the waterfront, in the south of Marzamemi, stimulated a mainly local demand from young people attracted by some newly opened outlets connected, above all, with drink and food services. Then, in 1993 the cinema industry arrived in Marzamemi. Since then the old architectural heritage of the historic centre has been restored and used for tourism. Over the last few years, from the last ten days of July until the end of August, the tiny streets and the piazzas of the village have appeared overcrowded with tourists. A dynamism that the official statistical surveys are not able to describe., Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, Vol 6, N° 4 (2015): Special Issue Film-induced Tourism

The objective of this study is to clarify significance and the value of the disaster remains for suffering residents from social structure. I adopt Yoshikawa’s notion (2007) of post-disaster phases which is based on the analysis by Barton (1969); emergency phase →temporary phase →recovery and reconstruction phase →prevention phase. The study was conducted at AK district in Otsuchi Town, Iwate Prefecture. The data collection methods used were ethnography primarily participation observation and interviews. Participation observation was performed at the district meetings, board member meetings of various resident organizations, and community events held in the district. Interview sessions were conducted to obtain detailed responses from interviewees. The target were 50 people from the community including residents and residents directly affected by tsunami. The interview sessions were held from January 2014 to December 2017. In addition, I collected and referenced materials provided by the town council, documents on regional history, and fishery-related materials. After the disaster of 3.11, opposing opinions regarding tsunami remains became evident between community-based organizations, one of which is the management body of the community historically and the other is a newly emerged group after the disaster through a new leadership. Of these, community-based organization which is a newly emerged group insisted requiem. However, the women’s association was made the purpose which uses the disaster remains as tourist attractions and produced the employment, not requiem. Through this opposition, the unique structure of the fishing village in AK district was revealed.

Fishing communities around the Indian Ocean were severely affected by the December 2004 tsunamis. Programs for rebuilding coastal fisheries livelihoods need to address the pre-tsunami situation that was characterized by overfishing and degraded natural resources. Adopting appropriate strategies to ensure sustainable livelihoods will require community involvement, as well as cross-sectoral, integrated planning and management at ascending government levels. Key recommendations from the WorldFish Center study Sustainable Management of Coastal Fish Stocks in Asia are presented to encourage discussion and debate.

In this paper, we analyze the development of fishing in Ise-Bay, and the formation of fishing villages in the Meiji Era. The Meiji Era is the period before the Taisho-Showa Eras when Japanese fishing and fishing villages underwent rapid development. By studying the fishing of Ise-Bay in the Meiji Era, and formation of fishing villages, the conditions of development of Ise-Bay's fishing can be clearly shown. We clarify the followings in this paper. (1) In the Edo Era, fishing villages were formed early in the Hokusei area. These fishing villages were deficient in the conditions of agriculture. By such factors, fishermen had already caught fishes in the offshore fishery of Aichi Prefecture in the Meiji Era, and they have continued catching fishes for every year. (2) In the Meiji Era, fishing was separated from agriculture in some villages in the Hokusei area. In the second half of Meiji, fishing was completely established as a culture in such villeges by the success of laver culture etc. (3) Shore seine fishing was developed typically in the Chusei area. However, in such fishing villages, agriculture was the major occupation, and fishing occupied only the secondary position. In this case, it is possible that in such fishing villages, fisheries were not able to free themselves from the instability of catching fishes and it's seasonal nature. (4) Fundamentally, the fishing village zone of the Nansei area also greatly has fishing villages based on agriculture. This is also true in the Chusei area. However, in some fishing villages, we pointed out that they have caught fishes every year by small-scale fishing boat.

Background: Co-infection with S. mansoni and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) has been described in sub-Saharan Africa. However, few community-based studies have been conducted to assess the association between the two diseases. The present study examined whether the infection with HIV-1 is associated with an altered susceptibility to S. mansoni infection by comparing the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection among those infected and not infected with HIV-1. Any influence of HIV-1 associated immunodeficiency on the intensity of S. mansoni infection was also investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,785 randomly selected adults (aged 21–55 years) in fishing villages of north-western Tanzania. Single stool samples were obtained and examined for S. mansoni eggs using the Kato Katz technique. Finger prick and venous blood samples were collected for HIV-1 screening and CD4 + cell quantification. Demographic information was collected by questionnaire. Results: Of the 1,785 individuals from whom complete data were obtained, 854 (47.85%, 95% CI; 40.46 – 56.57) were infected with S. mansoni and had a mean intensity of 183.21(95% CI; 165.61-202.70) eggs per gram of faeces (epg). A total of 125 individuals (6.29%, 95% CI 3.59-11.04) were infected with HIV-1 and only 40% (n=50) of them were co-infected with S. mansoni. No differences in prevalence of S. mansoni infection or intensities of infection, as estimated by egg count (epg), were observed between HIV-1 sero-positive individuals and HIV-1 negative individuals. In generalized regression models (adjusted for sex, age, occupation, residence and level of education), being infected with HIV-1 did not increase the risk (APR=1.01, 95%; 0.83-1.21, P=0.93) or intensity (AOR = 0.84, 95% CI; 0.56-1.25, P= 0.33) of S. mansoni infection. Among individuals co-infected with HIV-1 and S. mansoni infection, the intensity of infection (epg) was not associated ( P= 0.21) or correlated ( P= 0.13) with CD4 + cell counts. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV-1 infection may not have a major effect on S. mansoni infection or on the excretion of eggs from the co-infected individuals. However, further studies are needed to understand the biological interaction between HIV-1 and S. mansoni in a large cohort of co-infected individuals.

Straipsnio objektas – Kuršių marių žvejai, jų tradicinė gyvensena bei verslai. Tai nagrinėjama remiantis daugiamečių lauko tyrimų metu autoriaus surinkta medžiaga, Lietuvos ir Vokietijos archyvuose aptiktais dokumentais, iki šiol lietuviškoje spaudoje neaptartomis vokiškomis publikacijomis. Tikslas – atskleisti savitos Kuršių marių žvejų kaimų gyvensenos bei jos istorinės raidos ypatybes (apsiribojant pietrytine marių pakrante). Naudojamas istorinis lyginamasis metodas. Pagrindinė išvada (kitos – straipsnio gale) – Kuršių marių žvejai suvoktini kaip savita tradicinės kultūros grupė, dėl specifinių gamtos sąlygų bei veiklos tradicijų neturėjusi analogų Didžiojoje Lietuvoje; pirmą kartą išsamiau apibūdinami būdingi Lūjos kaimo gyventojų likimai.

Production and consumption of fish were estimated for a one year period during 1995-96 using a sample of 5 117 households. The sample was taken from a study area covering 83 sample communes in 51 fishing districts belonging to eight freshwater fisheries provinces. About 39% of households in fishing dependent communities were actively involved in fishing. Of the total fishing households, 14% took part in commercial fishing using middle-scale fishing gear. Average annual catch per household for middle-scale and family fishing was 3 319 kg and 647 kg, respectively. Nearly 40% of the fish catch was consumed within the communes. The per capita consumption of fresh fish by fishing households (49.7 kg/yr) was higher than that of non-fishing households (39.9 kg/yr). Including processed fish, the total fish consumption by the fishing dependent communes was estimated at 75.6 kg per capita per annum. Given this high rate of fish consumption, development interventions must consider the role of fisheries in ensuring a sustainable livelihood and food security to Cambodia's growing population.

Philippine coastal communities can become capable fishery resource managers and that their management practices can become largely self-sustaining if the project approach focuses on assisting fishermen to learn how to help themselves. Community organization is an essential part of the process and should not be viewed as an end product in itself. There are also no quick fixes, and projects require a complex array of activities if large numbers of coastal residents are to be assisted. In some of these projects, the control of illegal fishing combined with limiting of commercial fishing to offshore areas and good coastal habitat management resulted in a doubling of daily fish catch and income for small-scale fishermen. However, even with the best of management, the total fishery harvest is limited and further increases in individual fishing income can only come from reducing total fishing effort. This will require a system of control on access to the resource to limit the number and kind of fishing gears and to divide the resource equitably. Assisting coastal communities to devise and implement realistic equitable access controls is the major challenge facing coastal resource co-management.

The paper documents the community fishery resources management activities of Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC/AQD) in Malalison Island, Antique, Philippines.

The involvement of communities with the assistance and support of government and non government organizations on the management of the coastal resources in Southern Thailand are discussed. The 3 most important resources, mangrove, seagrass and coral, create a complex coastal ecology. Several man-made activities causing the deterioration of this resources are also presented.

Retention of knowledge in the preparation of fish pickle, fish wafers and fish soup powder for an experimental group of 20 fisherwomen selected from three fishing villages was studied. The knowledge retention immediately after exposure and also at intervals of 15 days and 30 days after exposure differed significantly.