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This study evaluated the physicochemical, lipid peroxidation, and microbiological quality of mortadellas prepared with ram and supplemented with different amounts of Smallanthus sonchifolius meal. Three mutton mortadella formulations supplemented with 1.25%, 2.50%, and 5% yacón meal and control formulation without yacón meal was included. The physicochemical, lipid peroxidation, and microbiological analyses were carried out in the time periods 10, 45 days, three, and six month after the preparation of mortadella. The control formulation presenting lighter and more intense red tone compared with the other formulations. All formulations presenting lipid peroxidation increased 90 days after processing; already the pH and Aw values were constant for all formulations at the experimental times stipulated. All formulations had the physicochemical characterization and microbiological quality standards, according to defined in regulations for mortadella production in Brazil. The results show that mutton mortadella supplemented with yacón meal is a promising alternative in the manufacture of healthy meat products.

This study assessed the effect of different concentrations of (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) on lipid oxidation, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of four different formulations of fresh pork sausage and smoked (control, F1, F2, F3), with the substitution of industrial antioxidant for the natural one. Lipid oxidation values (TBARS) did not display significant differences (P>0.05) among the treatments, and at different times of analysis (storage). The only significant differences were between the different types of sausages (fresh and smoked). The enumeration of all the microorganisms searched was below the standard required by Brazilian laws. F2 formula received the highest scores for acceptance but did not display significant difference (P>0.05) as it refers to taste, with the remaining formulations. The substitution of the synthetic antioxidant by the natural one displayed similar results, demonstrating that the natural extract from the balloon pepper does not affect the technological and sensorial properties of the sausages, which proves the viability of the product.

Excess sodium in food is associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. Faced with this reality, consumers are becoming aware of the importance of eating foods with reduced sodium content. This work assesses the effects of partial replacement of NaCl by KCl on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of uncooked lamb sausage treated with different doses of gamma radiation. Analyses of thermotolerant coliforms, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella sp., protein, moisture, ash, lipids, pH, water activity, and color were performed. The results showed that the formulations with reduced sodium content did not differ significantly concerning microbial growth and met the identity and quality standards considering its physicochemical characteristics. Also, irradiation is efficient as a microbiological control method, and the ± 3-kGy dose was the most effective to eliminate pathogenic bacteria present in the sausage formulation prepared with reduced sodium content, inducing less intense changes in physicochemical parameters.

Objetivou-se estimar a exigência de energia metabolizável (EM) para suínos machos imunocastrados na fase de terminação. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Foram utilizados 60 suínos machos distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo 50 suínos imunocastrados – IM (tratamento 1 a 5) e 10 castrados cirurgicamente – CC (tratamento 3b). Os tratamentos diferiram quanto ao nível de EM utilizada, sendo T1 – 3030, T2 – 3130, T3a – 3230, T3b – 3230, T4 – 3330 e T5 – 3430 Kcal de EM/Kg. Foram avaliadas características de desempenho em diferentes períodos (A – intervalo entre a primeira e a segunda imunização, B – intervalo entre a segunda imunização e o abate e T – período total, da primeira imunização ao abate) e de carcaça, além de análise sensorial da carne dos suínos. Os dados médios obtidos nos diferentes níveis de energia foram submetidos à análise de variância e análise de regressão linear em nível de 5% de significância. A análise foi realizada com o auxílio do programa de análises estatísticas SAEG. Foi observado efeito linear crescente (P0,05) entre as características de carcaça avaliadas. Na análise sensorial, embora os avaliadores tenham detectado diferenças no odor das carnes de suínos CC e IM, tais diferenças não foram devidas ao odor sexual. Não foi possível estimar o nível de energia metabolizável para a categoria de suínos imunocastrados em fase de terminação.

The present study evaluated chemical composition, water activity, instrumental color (L∗, a∗, and b∗) and TBARs values of fresh pork sausage prepared with fruit aqueous extract of the Brazilian pepper tree (AESt). Four formulations were prepared: a control formulation with sodium erythorbate (T1), and three formulations without sodium erythorbate and with 0.25% AESt (T2), 0.5% AESt (T3), and 1.0% AESt (T4). Values of color differed significantly (p ​

Várias técnicas são utilizadas para avaliar, tipificar e classificar carcaças de animais de interesse zootécnico, para fins de seleção de animais que apresentem as características desejadas, ou avaliar o produto gerado pelos animais destinados ao abate. Os métodos mais antigos e comumente utilizados são aqueles de aplicação mais prática e menos acurada, como as avaliações através do peso vivo ou escore corporal. No entanto, técnicas como a ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada, análise de vídeo imagem e scanning eletromagnético, vem sendo utilizadas para tornar as avaliações mais rápidas e acuradas, representando um progresso importante para produtores e para a indústria da carne.

This study evaluated the sensory attributes and lipid peroxidation of smoked lamb sausage prepared with passion fruit meal, potassium chloride and calcium chloride. The samples were produced and smoked at Instituto Federal do Espirito Santo, where they were kept vacuum packed and frozen until laboratory analysis. The formulations with passion fruit meal presented lower weight loss by smoking. No microbiological growth was detected in the 90-day study period. Formulation 1 was the best in the attributes color, aroma, flavor, texture, overall impression and purchase intention. The use of passion fruit meal to replace fat, potassium chloride and calcium chloride did not affect oxidation of the product during the study period. The addition of passion fruit meal, potassium chloride and calcium chloride to smoked lamb sausage, especially in Formulation 1, produced the best results and the levels of these ingredients did not interfere in oxidation.

portuguesEste estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes concentracoes de farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolia) sobre as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, microbiologicas e sensoriais de quatro formulacoes de mortadelas (F1, F2, F3 e controle) preparadas com carne de ovinos, gordura suina e aditivos. Todas as formulacoes atenderam aos padroes fisico-quimicos e microbiologicos definidos nas regulamentacoes para producao de mortadela no Brasil. As formulacoes controle e F1 obtiveram as melhores pontuacoes de aceitacao, em comparacao com F2 e F3. Os julgadores declararam intencao de compra favoravel para as formulacoes controle, F1 e F2. Os resultados mostram que a mortadela de carne ovina suplementada com farinha de yacon e uma alternativa promissora na fabricacao de produtos carneos mais saudaveis. Palavras-chave: ovinos; mortadela; Smallanthus sonchifolia EnglishThis study evaluated the effect of different yacon meal concentrations (Smallanthus sonchifolia) on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of four mortadella formulations (F1, F2, F3, and control) prepared with mutton, pork fat, and additives. All formulations met the physicochemical and microbiological standards defined in regulations for mortadella production in Brazil. Control and F1 were the formulations with better acceptance scores, compared with F2 and F3. The judges stated favorable purchase intention for the control, F1 and F2 formulations. Results showed that mutton mortadella supplemented with yacon meal is a promising alternative in the manufacture of healthier meat products. Key words: mutton; mortadella; Smallanthus sonchifolia

This study aimed at evaluating the bacteriological effects of the treatment of sheep meat contaminated with total coliforms, coliforms at 45 °C and Salmonella spp. by using irradiation at doses of 3 kGy and 5 kGy. Thirty sheep meat samples were collected from animals located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and then grouped in three lots including 10 samples: non-irradiated (control); irradiated with 3 kGy; and irradiated with 5 kGy. Exposure to gamma radiation in a (137)Cs source-driven irradiating facility was performed at the Nuclear Defense Section of the Brazilian Army Technological Center (CTEx) in Rio de Janeiro. The samples were kept under freezing temperature (-18 °C) until the analyses, which occurred in two and four months after irradiation. The results were interpreted by comparison with the standards of the current legislation and demonstrated that non-irradiated samples were outside the parameters established by law for all groups of bacteria studied. Gamma irradiation was effective in inactivating those microorganisms at both doses tested and the optimal dose was achieved at 3 kGy. The results have shown not only the need for sanitary conditions improvements in slaughter and processing of sheep meat but also the irradiation effectiveness to eliminate coliform bacteria and Salmonella spp.

This study evaluated the sensory acceptance of cooked hams elaborated with potassium chloride (KCl) and/or pectin. Three formulations were produced: a control (formulation 1); one with 100% substitution of the NaCl by KCl, decrease in the amount of polyphosphate and the addition of pectin (formulation 2); and the third with partial substitution of the NaCl by KCl, the absence of polyphosphate and the addition of pectin (formulation 3). The consumers evaluated sensory acceptance with respect to flavor, odor, texture and appearance (mixed 9-point structured hedonic scale); intensity of the salty taste (9-point just right scale); and two evaluations for purchase intent (5-point structured verbal scale). Formulation 1 scored the highest means for acceptance of appearance and the respective purchase intent. On the other hand, formulation 2 scored the highest means for acceptance and purchase intent for the other attributes and the intensity of salty taste nearest to the just right. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This manuscript evaluated the sensory acceptance of cooked hams elaborated with KCl and/or pectin. The data represent alternatives of inclusion of cooked ham in the high blood pressure patients' diet. Then, the experimental data reported in this paper may be important for the scientific community of the food science.

In this work, six bovine carcasses butchered in a slaughterhouse in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (SIE 504) were studied and temperature, pH, sarcomere length in different periods after slaughter (1, 5, 8, 12, 15 and 24 h) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles as well as the shear force (meat tenderness) and colour were evaluated, aiming at characterizing the rigor mortis in the meat during industrial processing. Data statistic treatment demonstrated that carcass temperature and pH decreased gradually during the industrial chilling. The chilly room temperature varied from 10.2 to 4.0°C, the mean initial temperature of longissimus dorsi was 34.03°C and the final one was 7.12°C; the mean initial temperature of Triceps brachii was 39.00°C and the final one was 6.42°C. The mean initial pH of Longissimus dorsi was 6.47 and the final one was 5.46; the mean initial pH of Triceps brachii was 6.66 and the final one was 5.54. The smallest sarcomere size obtained in both muscles occurred at 12 h post mortem, and the sarcomere lengths were 1.44 and 1.41 μm, respectively. As for the colour parameters, the b * value presented higher correlation with the ultimate pH. The absence of cold shortening and the non-occurrence of dark firm and dry (DFD) meat indicate better quality of the meat analyzed. Keywords: Bovine carcass, muscles, rigor mortis

O desenvolvimento do processo de rigor mortis nas carcaças dos animais de açougue influenciam diretamente a qualidade da carne. As características do processo de rigor mortis em carcaça de ovinos durante o processamento industrial para obtenção de carcaças resfriadas já foram estudadas em outros países e no Brasil em ovinos Santa Inês, mas ainda não estabelecidas em ovinos F1 Santa Inês x Dorper. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar o processo de rigor mortis dos músculos Semitendinosus e Triceps brachii durante o resfriamento industrial e maciez da carne, em 10 carcaças ovinas. Foram escolhidos aleatoriamente 10 ovinos machos inteiros, sendo seis da raça Santa Inês e quatro F1 Santa Inês x Dorper, abatidos no Matadouro Frigorífico de Campos - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. Após a sangria, analisou-se temperatura, pH, comprimento de sarcômero em diferentes intervalos de tempo (4h; 6h; 8h; 10h; 12h; e 24h) e força de cisalhamento ou maciez às 48h, do músculo Semitendinosus. Paralelamente, foi realizada a correlação entre a análise sensorial e a análise instrumental desse músculo. A temperatura da câmara fria variou de 12,2°C (4h) a -0,5°C (24h) e a temperatura média das carcaças foi de 26,80°C e -0,20°C, respectivamente. O pH médio inicial do músculo Semitendinosus foi de 6,62 e o final 5,64 enquanto no músculo T. brachii foi de 6,50 (4h) e 5,68 (24h). A contração máxima do sarcômero do músculo Semitendinosus ocorreu na 12ªh(1,50mm) após a sangria e no músculo Triceps brachii, no intervalo entre a 10ªh e 24ªh (1,53 a 1,57mm). No músculo Semitendinosus a força de cisalhamento ou maciez foi semelhante entre cordeiros da raça Santa Inês e F1 Santa Inês x Dorper, demonstrando que o grupo genético não influencia na maciez da carne. O painel sensorial confirmou os resultados obtidos na análise instrumental. Na correlação da análise instrumental (força de cisalhamento) com a análise sensorial, quando comparadas diferentes grupos genéticos, observou-se uma boa correlação inversa (r = -0,87).The development of rigor mortis process of butcher animal carcasses directly influencing the meat quality. The characteristics of rigor mortis process in ovine carcass during industrial chilling to obtain the chilled carcasses have been studied in other countries and in Brazil in Santa Ines sheep, but not yet established in F1 Dorper x Santa Inês. Thus, this research was designed to characterize the rigor mortis process of Semitendinosus and Triceps brachii muscles during the industrial chilling and meat tenderness in 10 ovine carcasses. Ten intact male ovines breed were randomly assembled, six of Santa Inês breed and four F1 Dorper x Santa Inês, slaughtered at Campos Slaughterhouse - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. After exsanguination, were measured temperature, pH and sarcomere length at different times (4h; 6h; 8h; 10h; 12h; and 24h) and shear force or tenderness (48h) of Semitendinosus muscle. In parallel was accomplished the sensorial analysis relationships to instrumental values of this muscle. The chilling room temperature varied between 12.2 °C (4h) and -0.5°C (24h) and the mean temperature of carcasses was 26.80°C and -0.20°C, respectively. The mean initial pH of Semitendinosus was 6.62 and final 5.64 and of Triceps brachii was 6.50 (4h) and 5.68 (24h). The maximum contraction of sarcomere of Semitendinosus occurred at 12th hour (1.50mm) after exsanguination whereas for the Triceps brachii,at the range of the 10th to 24th hours (1.53 to 1.57mm). Semitendinosus muscle shear force and tenderness was similar in lambs of Santa Ines breed and F1 Dorper x Santa Inês, demonstrating that the genetic group did not affect meat tenderness. The sensory panel confirmed the results obtained in instrumental analysis. The correlation of instrumental analysis (shear force) when compared different genetic groups, was found a good inversed correlation (r = -0.87).