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27 results on '"F, Ohl"'

1. SPORT MOTIVES AND PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE OF YOUNG ATHLETES: DOES THE IMPORTANT THING IS REALLY TO TAKE PART?

Author

F Ohl, JC Suris, Vè Perreault-Liard, and Richard E. Bélanger

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Athletes, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Psychoactive substance, medicine, Abstracts / Résumés, Psychology, biology.organism_classification, Psychiatry
Abstract

BACKGROUND: As for ergogenic substances, studies show that groups of young athletes are more likely to use psychoactive substances than their peers. The links underlying these two contrasting health habits yet stay elusive.

Published
2017

2. SILS, LESS, NOS & Co. bei minimalinvasiven Niereneingriffen

Author

G. Popken and F. Ohl

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Kidney surgery, Laparoscopy, business, Nephrectomy
Abstract

Hintergrund Single-port-Operationen („laparoendoscopic single-site surgery“, LESS) sind eine neue Methode in der minimalinvasiven laparoskopischen Urologie. Diese mindern das Gewebetrauma fur den Patienten, stellen jedoch hohe Anforderungen an den Operateur dar. Wir berichten uber unsere ersten klinischen Erfahrungen.

Published
2010
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4. Regulation of the developing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1-deficient mice

Author

M V, Schmidt, M, Schmidt, M S, Oitzl, M B, Müller, F, Ohl, W, Wurst, F, Holsboer, S, Levine, and E R, De Kloet

Subjects
Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Biology, Hippocampus, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, Mice, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid receptor, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, In Situ Hybridization, Mice, Knockout, Maternal deprivation, Maternal Deprivation, General Neuroscience, Arginine Vasopressin, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Animals, Newborn, chemistry, Female, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
Abstract

During postnatal development, mice undergo a so-called stress hyporesponsive period, which is characterized by low basal corticosterone levels and the inability of mild stressors to induce a corticosterone response. The stress hyporesponsiveness is in part regulated by maternal factors. Twenty-four hours of deprivation results in an activation of basal and stress-induced corticosterone and a down-regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the brain. It has been hypothesized that the CRH receptor 1 (CRHr1) may play an important regulatory role during development by mediating the effects of maternal deprivation. Using CRHr1-deficient mice we examined the role of this receptor on the maternal deprivation effects and in regulating the expression of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis-related genes. We could demonstrate that the CRHr1 is essential for the activation of the corticosterone response following maternal deprivation, most likely due to the lack of the receptor in the pituitary. Furthermore, we could show that the CRHr1 is regulating the expression of CRH and MRs. In contrast, effects of maternal deprivation during postnatal development on GRs are not mediated by this receptor.

Published
2003
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6. An experimental note on the allais paradox and monetary incentives

Author

Daniel F. Ohl, Michael S. Burke, John R. Carter, and Robert D. Gominiak

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Incentive, Economics, Allais paradox, Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem, Mathematical economics, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Expected utility hypothesis, Test (assessment)
Abstract

We test whether violations of expected utility theory in an Allais-paradox environment are sensitive to monetary incentives. Like Harrison (1994), we find that violations are significantly reduced when lotteries are real rather than hypothetical.

Published
1996
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7. Technical design report for the PANDA (AntiProton Annihilations at Darmstadt) Straw Tube Tracker

Author

Erni, W., Keshelashvili, I., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Heng, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, H., Shen, X., Wang, Q., Xu, H., Aab, A., Albrecht, M., Becker, J., Csap´o, A., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Friedel, P., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Klask, L., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Leiber, S., Leyhe, M., Motzko, C., Peliz¨aus, M., Pychy, J., Roth, B., Schr¨oder, T., Schulze, J., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Trifterer, T., Wiedner, U., Zhong, J., Beck, R., Bianco, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Hammann, C., Hinterberger, F., Kaiser, D., Kliemt, R., Kube, M., Pitka, A., Quagli, T., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Schnell, R., Thoma, U., Vlasov, P., Walther, D., Wendel, C., W¨urschig, T., Zaunick, H. G., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Pantelica, D., Pietreanu, D., Serbina, L., Tarta, P. D., Kaplan, D., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Czech, B., Kistryn, M., Kliczewski, S., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Sch¨afer, W., Siudak, R., Szczurek, A., Jowzaee, S., Kajetanowicz, M., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Korcyl, K., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Palka, M., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Wro´nska, A., Augustin, I., Lehmann, I., Nimorus, D., Schepers, G., Al Turany, M., Arora, R., Deppe, H., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., G¨otzen, K., Jordi, A. F., Kalicy, G., Karabowicz, R., Lehmann, D., Lewandowski, B., L¨uhning, J., Maas, F., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schmidt, C. J., Schmitt, L., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Z¨uhlsdorf, M., Abazov, V. M., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, A., Astakhov, V. I., Barabanov, M. Y., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y. I., Dodokhov, V. K., Efremov, A. A., Fedunov, A. G., Festchenko, A. A., Galoyan, A. S., Grigoryan, S., Karmokov, A., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, V. I., Lobanov, Y. Y., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V. L., Mustafaev, G. A., Olshevskiy, A., Pasyuk, M. A., Perevalova, E. A., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T. A., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V. K., Rogov, Y. N., Salmin, R. A., Samartsev, A. G., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G. S., Skachkova, A. N., Skachkov, N. B., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M. K., Teshev, R. S., Tokmenin, V. V., Uzhinsky, V. V., Vodopyanov, A. S., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Woods, P., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Metreveli, Z., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Cotta Ramusino, A., Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savri`e, M., Stancari, G., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P., A, Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Orecchini, D., Pace, E., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Bremer, D., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., D¨uren, M., Eissner, T., F¨ohl, K., Galuska, M., Gessler, T., Hayrapetyan, A., Hu, J., Koch, P., Kr¨ock, B., K¨uhn, W., Lange, S., Liang, Y., Merle, O., Metag, V., Moritz, M., M¨unchow, D., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Spruck, B., Stenzel, H., Ullrich, T., Werner, M., Euan, C., Hoek, M., Ireland, D., Keri, T., Montgomery, R., Protopopescu, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Babai, M., Glazenborg Kluttig, A., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P., Lindemulder, M., L¨ohner, H., Messchendorp, J., Moeini, H., Schakel, P., Schreuder, F., Smit, H., Tambave, G., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Sohlbach, H., B¨uscher, M., Deermann, D., Dosdall, R., Esch, S., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Henssler, S., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Kozlov, V., Lehrach, A., Maier, R., Mertens, M., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Randriamalala, T., Ritman, J., R¨oder, M., Schadmand, S., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., W¨ustner, P., Kisiel, J., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Fissum, S., Hansen, K., Isaksson, L., Lundin, M., Schr¨oder, B., Achenbach, P., Bleser, S., Cahit, U., Cardinali, M., Denig, A., Distler, M., Fritsch, M., Jasinski, P., Kangh, D., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Michel, M., Mora Espi, M. C., M¨uller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Sanchez Lorente, A., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Weber, T., Dormenev, V. I., Fedorov, A. A., Korzhik, M. V., Missevitch, O. V., Balanutsa, V., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Varentsov, V., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Semenov, A., B¨ohmer, F., Dørheim, S., Ketzer, B., Paul, S., Hergem¨oller, A. K., Khoukaz, A., K¨ohler, E., T¨aschner, A., Wessels, J., Varma, R., Chaterjee, A., Jha, V., Kailas, S., Roy, B. J., Yan, Y., Chinorat, K., Khanchai, K., Ayut, L., Pomrad, S., Baldin, E., Kotov, K., Peleganchuk, S., Tikhonov, Y., Boucher, J., Chambert, V., Dbeyssi, A., Gumberidze, M., Hennino, T., Imre, M., Kunne, R., Le Galliard, C., Ma, B., Marchand, D., Maroni, A., Ong, S., Ramstein, B., Rosier, P., Tomasi Gustafsson, E., Van de Wiele, J., Boca, G., Braghieri, A., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Lavezzi, L., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Konstantinov, D., Kormilitsin, V., Melnik, Y., Levin, A., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., B¨ack, T., Cederwall, B., Mak´onyi, K., Tegn´er, P. E., von W¨urtemberg, K. M., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Itzotov, A., Kashchuk, A., Kisselev, A., Kravchenko, P., Levitskaya, O., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Naryshkin, Y., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Zhadanov, A., Alberto, D., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Maggiora, M., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Zotti, L., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Morra, O., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Iazzi, Felice, Lavagno, Andrea, Younis, MUHAMMAD HANNAN, Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Clement, H., Galander, B., Caldeira Balkest˚ahl, L., Cal´en, H., Fransson, K., Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Thom´e, E., Wolke, M., Zlomanczuk, J., D´ıaz, J., Ortiz, A., Dmowski, K., Duda, P., Korzeniewski, R., Slowinski, B., Chlopik, A., Guzik, Z., Kosinski, K., Melnychuk, D., Wasilewski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Wysocka, A., Zwieglinski, B., B¨uhler, P., Hartman, O. N., Kienle, P., Marton, J., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Erni, W., Keshelashvili, I., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Heng, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, H., Shen, X., Wang, Q., Xu, H., Aab, A., Albrecht, M., Becker, J., Csapó, A., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Friedel, P., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Klask, L., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Leiber, S., Leyhe, M., Motzko, C., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Roth, B., Schröder, T., Schulze, J., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Trifterer, T., Wiedner, U., Zhong, J., Beck, R., Bianco, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Hammann, C., Hinterberger, F., Kaiser, D., Kliemt, R., Kube, M., Pitka, A., Quagli, T., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Schnell, R., Thoma, U., Vlasov, P., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Würschig, T., Zaunick, H. G., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Pantelica, D., Pietreanu, D., Serbina, L., Tarta, P. D., Kaplan, D., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Czech, B., Kistryn, M., Kliczewski, S., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Siudak, R., Szczurek, A., Jowzaee, S., Kajetanowicz, M., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Korcyl, K., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Palka, M., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Wrońska, A., Augustin, I., Lehmann, I., Nimorus, D., Schepers, G., Al Turany, M., Arora, R., Deppe, H., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Jordi, A. F., Kalicy, G., Karabowicz, R., Lehmann, D., Lewandowski, B., Lühning, J., Maas, F., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schmidt, C. J., Schmitt, L., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V. M., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, A., Astakhov, V. I., Yu Barabanov, M., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Yu I., Kh Dodokhov, V., Efremov, A. A., Fedunov, A. G., Festchenko, A. A., Galoyan, A. S., Grigoryan, S., Karmokov, A., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, V. I., Lobanov, Yu Yu, Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V. L., Mustafaev, G. A., Olshevskiy, A., Pasyuk, M. A., Perevalova, E. A., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T. A., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V. K., Rogov, Yu N., Salmin, R. A., Samartsev, A. G., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G. S., Skachkova, A. N., Skachkov, N. B., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M. K., Sh Teshev, R., Tokmenin, V. V., Uzhinsky, V. V., Vodopyanov, A. S., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Woods, P., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Metreveli, Z., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Cotta Ramusino, A., Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savriè, M., Stancari, G., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P, Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Orecchini, D., Pace, E., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Bremer, D., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Eissner, T., Föhl, K., Galuska, M., Gessler, T., Hayrapetyan, A., Hu, J., Koch, P., Kröck, B., Kühn, W., Lange, S., Liang, Y., Merle, O., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Münchow, D., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Spruck, B., Stenzel, H., Ullrich, T., Werner, M., Euan, C., Hoek, M., Ireland, D., Keri, T., Montgomery, R., Protopopescu, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Babai, M., Glazenborg Kluttig, A., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P., Lindemulder, M., Löhner, H., Messchendorp, J., Moeini, H., Schakel, P., Schreuder, F., Smit, H., Tambave, G., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Sohlbach, H., Büscher, M., Deermann, D., Dosdall, R., Esch, S., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Henssler, S., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Kozlov, V., Lehrach, A., Maier, R., Mertens, M., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Randriamalala, T., Ritman, J., Röder, M., Schadmand, S., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Kisiel, J., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Fissum, S., Hansen, K., Isaksson, L., Lundin, M., Schröder, B., Achenbach, P., Bleser, S., Cahit, U., Cardinali, M., Denig, A., Distler, M., Fritsch, M., Jasinski, P., Kangh, D., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Michel, M., Mora Espi, M. C., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Sanchez Lorente, A., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Weber, T., Dormenev, V. I., Fedorov, A. A., Korzhik, M. V., Missevitch, O. V., Balanutsa, V., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Varentsov, V., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Semenov, A., Böhmer, F., Dørheim, S., Ketzer, B., Paul, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Khoukaz, A., Köhler, E., Täschner, A., Wessels, J., Varma, R., Chaterjee, A., Jha, V., Kailas, S., Roy, B. J., Yan, Y., Chinorat, K., Khanchai, K., Ayut, L., Pomrad, S., Baldin, E., Kotov, K., Peleganchuk, S., Tikhonov, Yu, Boucher, J., Chambert, V., Dbeyssi, A., Gumberidze, M., Hennino, T., Imre, M., Kunne, R., Le Galliard, C., Ma, B., Marchand, D., Maroni, A., Ong, S., Ramstein, B., Rosier, P., Tomasi Gustafsson, E., Van de Wiele, J., Boca, G., Braghieri, A., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Lavezzi, L., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Konstantinov, D., Kormilitsin, V., Melnik, Y., Levin, A., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makónyi, K., Tegnér, P. E., von Würtemberg, K. M., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Itzotov, A., Kashchuk, A., Kisselev, A., Kravchenko, P., Levitskaya, O., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Naryshkin, Y., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Zhadanov, A., Alberto, D., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Maggiora, M., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Zotti, L., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Morra, O., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Iazzi, F., Lavagno, A., Younis, H., Birsa, Renato, Bradamante, Franco, Bressan, Andrea, Martin, Anna, Clement, H., Galander, B., Caldeira Balkeståhl, L., Calén, H., Fransson, K., Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Thomé, E., Wolke, M., Zlomanczuk, J., Díaz, J., Ortiz, A., Dmowski, K., Duda, P., Korzeniewski, R., Slowinski, B., Chlopik, A., Guzik, Z., Kosinski, K., Melnychuk, D., Wasilewski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Wysocka, A., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Hartman, O. N., Kienle, P., Marton, J., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics

Subjects
tubes, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gaseous Detectors, Transition Radiation, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atlas Muon Spectrometer, Cleo-Iii Trigger, Relativistic Rise, Particle Identification, straw tube, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Storage-Ring Hesr, Pellet Target, Energy-Loss, Drift Tubes, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, detectors
Abstract

This document describes the technical layout and the expected performance of the Straw Tube Tracker (STT), the main tracking detector of the P− ANDA target spectrometer. The STT encloses a Micro-Vertex-Detector (MVD) for the inner tracking and is followed in beam direction by a set of GEM stations. The tasks of the STT are the measurement of the particle momentum from the reconstructed trajectory and the measurement of the specific energy loss for a particle identification. Dedicated simulations with full analysis studies of certain proton-antiproton reactions, identified as being benchmark tests for the whole P− ANDA scientific program, have been performed to test the STT layout and performance. The results are presented, and the time lines to construct the STT are described.

Published
2013
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9. Technical Design Report for the: PANDA Straw Tube Tracker

Author

Erni, W., Keshelashvili, I., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Heng, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, H., Shen, X., Wang, Q., Xu, H., Aab, A., Albrecht, M., Becker, J., Csap´o, A., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Friedel, P., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Klask, L., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Leiber, S., Leyhe, M., Motzko, C., Peliz¨aus, M., Pychy, J., Roth, B., Schr¨oder, T., Schulze, J., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Trifterer, T., Wiedner, U., Zhong, J., Beck, R., Bianco, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Hammann, C., Hinterberger, F., Kaiser, D., Kliemt, R., Kube, M., Pitka, A., Quagli, T., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Schnell, R., Thoma, U., Vlasov, P., Walther, D., Wendel, C., W¨urschig, T., Zaunick, H. G., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Pantelica, D., Pietreanu, D., Serbina, L., Tarta, P. D., Kaplan, D., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Czech, B., Kistryn, M., Kliczewski, S., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Sch¨afer, W., Siudak, R., Szczurek, A., Jowzaee, S., Kajetanowicz, M., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Korcyl, K., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Palka, M., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Wro´nska, A., Augustin, I., Lehmann, I., Nimorus, D., Schepers, G., Al Turany, M., Arora, R., Deppe, H., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., G¨otzen, K., Jordi, A. F., Kalicy, G., Karabowicz, R., Lehmann, D., Lewandowski, B., L¨uhning, J., Maas, F., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schmidt, C. J., Schmitt, L., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Z¨uhlsdorf, M., Abazov, V. M., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, A., Astakhov, V. I., Barabanov, M. Y. u., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y. u. I., Dodokhov, V. K. h., Efremov, A. A., Fedunov, A. G., Festchenko, A. A., Galoyan, A. S., Grigoryan, S., Karmokov, A., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, V. I., Lobanov, Y. u. Y. u., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V. L., Mustafaev, G. A., Olshevskiy, A., Pasyuk, M. A., Perevalova, E. A., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T. A., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V. K., Rogov, Y. u. N., Salmin, R. A., Samartsev, A. G., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G. S., Skachkova, A. N., Skachkov, N. B., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M. K., Teshev, R. S. h., Tokmenin, V. V., Uzhinsky, V. V., Vodopyanov, A. S., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Woods, P., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Metreveli, Z., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Cotta Ramusino, A., Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savri`e, M., Stancari, G., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P., A, Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Orecchini, D., Pace, E., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Bremer, D., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., D¨uren, M., Eissner, T., F¨ohl, K., Galuska, M., Gessler, T., Hayrapetyan, A., Hu, J., Koch, P., Kr¨ock, B., K¨uhn, W., Lange, S., Liang, Y., Merle, O., Metag, V., Moritz, M., M¨unchow, D., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Spruck, B., Stenzel, H., Ullrich, T., Werner, M., Euan, C., Hoek, M., Ireland, D., Keri, T., Montgomery, R., Protopopescu, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Babai, M., Glazenborg Kluttig, A., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P., Lindemulder, M., L¨ohner, H., Messchendorp, J., Moeini, H., Schakel, P., Schreuder, F., Smit, H., Tambave, G., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Sohlbach, H., B¨uscher, M., Deermann, D., Dosdall, R., Esch, S., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Henssler, S., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Kozlov, V., Lehrach, A., Maier, R., Mertens, M., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Randriamalala, T., Ritman, J., R¨oder, M., Schadmand, S., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., W¨ustner, P., Kisiel, J., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Fissum, S., Hansen, K., Isaksson, L., Lundin, M., Schr¨oder, B., Achenbach, P., Bleser, S., Cahit, U., Cardinali, M., Denig, A., Distler, M., Fritsch, M., Jasinski, P., Kangh, D., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Michel, M., Mora Espi, M. C., M¨uller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Sanchezlorente, A., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Weber, T., Dormenev, V. I., Fedorov, A. A., Korzhik, M. V., Missevitch, O. V., Balanutsa, V., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Varentsov, V., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Semenov, A., B¨ohmer, F., Dørheim, a. e. mail: p. a. o. l. a. g. i. a. n. o. t. t. i. @. l. n. f. i. n. f. n. it Page of S., Ketzer, B., Paul, S., Hergem¨oller, A. K., Khoukaz, A., K¨ohler, E., T¨aschner, A., Wessels, J., Varma, R., Chaterjee, A., Jha, V., Kailas, S., Roy, B. J., Yan, Y., Chinorat, K., Khanchai, K., Ayut, L., Pomrad, S., Baldin, E., Kotov, K., Peleganchuk, S., Tikhonov, Y. u., Boucher, J., Chambert, V., Dbeyssi, A., Gumberidze, M., Hennino, T., Imre, M., Kunne, R., Le Galliard, C., Ma, B., Marchand, D., Maroni, A., Ong, S., Ramstein, B., Rosier, P., Tomasi Gustafsson, E., Van de Wiele, J., Boca, G., Braghieri, A., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Lavezzi, L., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Konstantinov, D., Kormilitsin, V., Melnik, Y., Levin, A., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., B¨ack, T., Cederwall, B., Mak´onyi, K., Tegn´er, P. E., von W¨urtemberg, K. M., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Itzotov, A., Kashchuk, A., Kisselev, A., Kravchenko, P., Levitskaya, O., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Naryshkin, Y., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Zhadanov, A., Alberto, D., Amoroso, Antonio, Bussa, Maria Pia, Busso, Luigi, DE MORI, Francesca, Destefanis, MARCO GIOVANNI, Fava, L., Ferrero, Livio, Greco, Michela, Maggiora, Marco, Marcello, Simonetta, Sosio, Stefano, Spataro, STEFANO GIOVANNI, Zotti, Laura, Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Morra, O., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Iazzi, F., Lavagno, A., Younis, H., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Clement, H., Galander, B., Caldeira Balkest˚ahl, L., Cal´en, H., Fransson, K., Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Thom´e, E., Wolke, M., Zlomanczuk, J., D´ıaz, J., Ortiz, A., Dmowski, K., Duda, P., Korzeniewski, R., Slowinski, B., Chlopik, A., Guzik, Z., Kosinski, K., Melnychuk, D., Wasilewski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Wysocka, A., Zwieglinski, B., B¨uhler, P., Hartman, O. N., Kienle, P., Marton, J., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and PANDA

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This document describes the technical layout and the expected performance of the Straw Tube Tracker (STT), the main tracking detector of the PANDA target spectrometer. The STT encloses a Micro-Vertex-Detector (MVD) for the inner tracking and is followed in beam direction by a set of GEM-stations. The tasks of the STT are the measurement of the particle momentum from the reconstructed trajectory and the measurement of the specific energy-loss for a particle identification. Dedicated simulations with full analysis studies of certain proton-antiproton reactions, identified as being benchmark tests for the whole PANDA scientific program, have been performed to test the STT layout and performance. The results are presented, and the time lines to construct the STT are described., Comment: accepted for publication on EPJA

Published
2012
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10. Managing nature parks as an ethical challenge: a proposal for a practical tool to identify fundamental questions

Author

Franck L. B. Meijboom and F. Ohl

Subjects
Intervention (law), Harm, Order (exchange), media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Management styles, Duty of care, Engineering ethics, Commission, Deliberation, media_common, Public interest
Abstract

In 2010 the Report of the second International Commission on Management of the Oostvaardersplassen (OVP) was published. This international committee evaluated the management of one of the largest wetland reserves in the Netherlands. The results of this evaluation were of high public interest, because the OVP is a controversially debated topic in the Netherlands. This debate has mainly resulted from the introduction of a number of large herbivores to this area, such as Heck cattle, konik horses, and red deer, to maintain short grassland for grazing by geese. This measure had been taken as part of the initial management style of minimal intervention in the OVP, in order to allow ‘natural ecological processes to operate’ within the area. However, this non-intervention policy elicited a fierce debate on our duty of care towards these animals, when the harsh winter of 2009/2010 resulted in an unusually high winter-mortality among large herbivores. Are these animals to be considered part of nature, with animals suffering and dying by starvation as a part of natural processes? Or are they to be treated as kept animals towards which we have direct duties to prevent harm and suffering? On top of this problem, the question arises whether one should assess these dilemmas from the perspective of the individual animal or from a population-oriented perspective. Up until recently, these questions were – at the level of policy – mainly discussed as rather technical issues that demand further ecological expertise or input from veterinary and animal sciences to be solved. The ICMO2 evaluation explicitly tried to include the moral dimensions in their scientific evaluation. In this paper we present the framework that has been used in order to explicate and structure the ethical questions that play a central role in the management of the OVP. This framework offers a tool for practical ethical deliberation and aims to provide room for fundamental ethical presumptions and moral ideals.

Published
2012
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11. Apport de mouvement et créativité chez des enfants âgés entre quatre et six ans

Author

G. Jimmy, F. Ohl, R. Antonini Philippe, D. Trouilloud, O. Jeanneret, Guillaume Fürst, and Julien Chanal

Subjects
Enfants, ddc:616.9802, Créativité, Ecoles enfantines, ddc:150, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Accéléromètre, Activité physique et sportive
Abstract

Objectif. — Identifier dans quelle mesure un apport de mouvement au niveau de l'école enfantine peut avoir un impact sur la créativité des jeunes enfants. Patients et méthodes. — Quatre-vingt-six enfants issus de 11 classes enfantines dont la pratique hebdomadaire de mouvement est différente ont participé à l'étude. Les enfants ont porté des accéléromètres (GT1 M) et passé le test de créativité de Krampen (1996) à plusieurs reprises sur une période de deux ans. Résultats. — Les résultats montrent que les enfants fréquentant les classes dans lesquelles le mouvement est favorisé sont effectivement les plus actives en termes d'activité physique modérée et vigoureuse (moderate to vigourous physical activity [MVPA]) comme en counts par minute (counts per minute [CountsPmin]). Ces résultats se retrouvent surtout au niveau du temps scolaire (p < 0,01) et sont plus nuancés pour la pratique extrascolaire. De plus, les résultats mettent en avant que des différences en termes de créativité apparaissent entre les individus selon les classes qu'ils fréquentent. Plus spécifiquement, selon les sous-échelles considérées et la période considérée, les scores obtenus pour les individus fréquentant les classes les plus actives sont supérieurs aux scores obtenus pour les individus fréquentant des classes normales. Conclusion. — Comprendre les enjeux de l'implantation de tels programmes ainsi qu'évaluer leurs effets sur le long terme sont des perspectives à développer pour les recherches futures dans ce domaine.

Published
2012

12. Can we measure accurately the prevalence of doping?

Author

V, Lentillon-Kaestner and F, Ohl

Subjects
Doping in Sports, Male, Young Adult, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Switzerland
Abstract

Questionnaires are used in the majority of the studies on doping prevalence in sport. Nevertheless, prevalence is not easy to evaluate and previous epidemiologic studies demonstrated a wide variance. This variance has mostly been explained by sample differences. The way to evaluate doping prevalence in the survey is questioned in this paper. A questionnaire was administered to 1810 amateur athletes (993 males, 817 females). Doping use was ascertained in various ways, using different definitions of doping and types of question in the survey. Depending on the definition of doping and the type of question used, the prevalence of doping obtained can differ enormously, between 1.3 and 39.2% of athletes. Marijuana and drugs for asthma were the two banned substances most used. The majority of athletes often ignored the banned list and did not use prohibited substances to dope. Using various ways to question athletes, observing the usage of substances, cross checking the data, taking into account the aim of substances uses and the various definitions of doping are necessary to give more reliable prevalence of doping. Moreover, doping at an amateur level seems to be less of a sport problem than a social problem.

Published
2011

13. [SILS, LESS, NOS, and Co. for minimally invasive kidney treatment: is less more?]

Author

F, Ohl and G, Popken

Subjects
Adult, Male, Young Adult, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Female, Laparoscopy, Pilot Projects, Middle Aged, Kidney, Nephrectomy, Aged
Abstract

Single-port surgery (LESS) is a new method of minimally invasive laparoscopic urology. These modern methods reduce the tissue trauma of the patient; however, high demands are placed on the surgeon. We report our initial clinical experience.Eight patients with different pathologies in the abdomen and retroperitoneum (nephrectomy, renal cyst resection) were treated with an abdominal LESS access and two patients with vaginal NOS (natural orifice surgery) access. Previously, we obtained extensive experience with the setup and implementation in animal studies. The port placements were realized by various single-port systems in the paraumbilical region.All procedures were performed without conversion to an open surgical procedure. Two additional trocars were needed in the first single-port operation. The intra- and postoperative follow-up was uneventful in all patients. The average age of the patients was 58.9 years, the average operating time 131 min, the mean blood loss 70 ml, and the median body mass index 27. The postoperative evaluation of patient satisfaction revealed that all patients were perfectly satisfied.With appropriate experience and training of the whole team, single-port surgery is a safe and appropriate method for selected renal surgery.

Published
2010

15. Animal models of anxiety

Author

F, Ohl

Subjects
Mice, Behavior, Animal, Mutagenesis, Models, Animal, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Anxiety, Rats
Abstract

Animal models for anxiety-related behavior are based on the assumption that anxiety in animals is comparable to anxiety in humans. Being anxious is an adaptive response to an unfamiliar environment, especially when confronted with danger or threat. However, pathological variants of anxiety can strongly impede the daily life of those affected. To unravel neurobiological mechanisms underlying normal anxiety as well as its pathologi- cal variations, animal models are indispensable tools. What are the characteristics of an ideal animal model? First, it should display reduced anxiety when treated with anxiolytics (predictive validity). Second, the behavioral response of an animal model to a threatening stimulus should be comparable to the response known for humans (face validity). And third, the mechanisms underlying anxiety as well as the psychological causes should be identical (construct validity). Meeting these three requirements is difficult for any animal model. Since both the physiological and the behavioral response to aversive (threatening) stimuli are similar in humans and animals, it can be assumed that animal models can serve at least two distinct purposes: as (1) behavioral tests to screen for potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of new drugs and (2) tools to investigate specific pathogenetic aspects of cardinal symptoms of anxiety disorders. The examples presented in this chapter have been selected to illustrate the potential as well as the caveats of current models and the emerging possibilities offered by gene technology. The main concepts in generating animal models for anxiety-that is, selective breeding of rat lines, experience-related models, genetically engineered mice, and phenotype-driven approaches-are concisely introduced and discussed. Independent of the animal model used, one major challenge remains, which is to reliably identify animal behavioral characteristics. Therefore, a description of behavioral expressions of anxiety in rodents as well as tests assays to measure anxiety-related behavior in these animals is also included in this chapter.

Published
2006

16. Animal Models of Anxiety

Author

F. Ohl

Subjects
Predictive validity, medicine.drug_class, medicine, Construct validity, Anxiety, Adaptive response, Ethology, Stimulus (physiology), medicine.symptom, Psychology, Anxiolytic, Neuroscience, Face validity
Abstract

Animal models for anxiety-related behavior are based on the assumption that anxiety in animals is comparable to anxiety in humans. Being anxious is an adaptive response to an unfamiliar environment, especially when confronted with danger or threat. However, pathological variants of anxiety can strongly impede the daily life of those affected. To unravel neurobiological mechanisms underlying normal anxiety as well as its pathological variations, animal models are indispensable tools. What are the characteristics of an ideal animal model? First, it should display reduced anxiety when treated with anxiolytics (predictive validity). Second, the behavioral response of an animal model to a threatening stimulus should be comparable to the response known for humans (face validity). And third, the mechanisms underlying anxiety as well as the psychological causes should be identical (construct validity). Meeting these three requirements is difficult for any animal model. Since both the physiological and the behavioral response to aversive (threatening) stimuli are similar in humans and animals, it can be assumed that animal models can serve at least two distinct purposes: as (1) behavioral tests to screen for potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of new drugs and (2) tools to investigate specific pathogenetic aspects of cardinal symptoms of anxiety disorders. The examples presented in this chapter have been selected to illustrate the potential as well as the caveats of current models and the emerging possibilities offered by gene technology. The main concepts in generating animal models for anxiety—that is, selective breeding of rat lines, experience-related models, genetically engineered mice, and phenotype-driven approaches—are concisely introduced and discussed. Independent of the animal model used, one major challenge remains, which is to reliably identify animal behavioral characteristics. Therefore, a description of behavioral expressions of anxiety in rodents as well as tests assays to measure anxiety-related behavior in these animals is also included in this chapter.

Published
2005
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18. Maternal defence as an emotional stressor in female rats: correlation of neuroendocrine and behavioural parameters and involvement of brain oxytocin

Author

I D, Neumann, N, Toschi, F, Ohl, L, Torner, and S A, Krömer

Subjects
Behavior, Animal, Brain, Fear, Oxytocin, Neurosecretory Systems, Prolactin, Rats, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Receptors, Oxytocin, Stress, Physiological, Animals, Lactation, Female, Rats, Wistar, Corticosterone, Maternal Behavior
Abstract

In order to study neuroendocrine and behavioural stress responses in female rats post partum we aimed to establish a relevant emotional stressor -- the maternal defence test based on maternal aggression of a lactating resident towards a virgin or lactating intruder approaching the cage. Exposure to maternal defence significantly elevated corticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone responses of the residents and of virgin or lactating intruders, with an attenuated response in lactating residents and lactating intruders. Exposure to maternal defence increased plasma oxytocin in virgin intruders only. The aggressive behaviour displayed by the residents was directly correlated with the amount of defensive behaviour of the intruder and independent of the intruder's reproductive state. However, the amount of maternal and explorative behaviours displayed by the lactating residents was significantly higher when exposed to a lactating, compared to a virgin, intruder. ACTH responses in lactating residents exposed to virgin intruders were significantly correlated to the amount of offensive (direct correlation) and maternal (inverse correlation) behaviours they displayed. Plasma prolactin concentrations, elevated in lactating compared to virgin rats under basal conditions, were found to be reduced in the lactating residents and intruders in response to exposure to the maternal defence test, whereas it was unchanged in virgin intruders. To test for the involvement of brain oxytocin in neuroendocrine and behavioural responses of the lactating residents an oxytocin receptor antagonist (0.1 microg/5 microL) was infused icv 10 min prior to testing. This treatment increased basal, but not stress-induced, ACTH, corticosterone and oxytocin secretion. Whereas parameters of aggressive behaviour were unchanged, the antagonist reduced signs of maternal behaviour during maternal defence. In summary, the maternal defence test has been characterized as a relevant emotional stressor for female rats which is useful for studying neuroendocrine and emotional responses in females, in particular in the context of reproductive adaptations.

Published
2001

19. Are social classes still relevant to analyse sports groupings in 'postmodern' society? An analysis referring to P. Bourdieu's theory

Author

F, Ohl

Subjects
Stereotyping, Social Class, Social Dominance, Humans, Life Style, Organizational Culture, Sports
Abstract

P. Bourdieu's theory will be used to analyse changes in sport sociology. A significant part of the transformation of sociological research depends on the analysis of social categories and particularly of social classes. The theory of P. Bourdieu grants social positions and conditions an important role in the explanation of an agent's behaviour. The question is to know whether sports groupings, in the so-called "postmodern" society, can still be analysed with Bourdieu's sociological frame of analysis. The observation of new forms of sports grouping is used, by some French sociologists, to criticise Bourdieu's axiomatic. It is argued here that it is more often a misunderstanding or a mechanical use of Bourdieu's theory which needs to be criticised.

Published
2000

22. Chapter 13 Functional organization and learning-related plasticity in auditory cortex of the Mongolian gerbil

Author

F. Ohl, C. Simonis, H. Thomas, J. Tillein, and H. Scheich

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Auditory learning, Audiology, Plasticity, Auditory cortex, Gerbil, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Middle ear, sense organs, Tonotopy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Cochlea
Abstract

Publisher Summary The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has recently become a mammalian model for the study of auditory mechanisms. The reasons for the growing interest in gerbil audition are (1) the unusual, almost human-like, low-frequency hearing specialization that is reflected by the expansion of the low-frequency representations in auditory structures; among other factors, this favors speech-related studies in that species; (2) the enlarged middle ear cavities, which permit a direct experimental access to the turns of the cochlea; and (3) the fact that both of them are found in a small, easily bred laboratory animal. This chapter investigates auditory cortical plasticity in this promising animal model––namely, adult auditory learning. The tonotopic organization of gerbil primary auditory cortex (AI) and surrounding fields are analyzed using standard microelectrode mapping technique. Multiple tangential dorsoventral electrode tracks are made in each animal under light anesthesia. On-responses are integrated for up to ten repetitions and the best frequency (BF) determined in the frequency response histogram.

Published
1993
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23. Learning-Related Plasticity of Gerbil Auditory Cortex: Feature Maps Versus Meaning Maps

Author

C. Simonis, F. Ohl, H. Thomas, J. Tillein, and H. Scheich

Subjects
Electrophysiology, Tone (musical instrument), medicine.anatomical_structure, Feature (computer vision), Cortex (anatomy), medicine, Classical conditioning, Tonotopy, Psychology, Auditory cortex, Gerbil, Neuroscience
Abstract

The basic functional organization of gerbil auditory cortex was mapped in parallel with unit recording and with the fluoro-2-deoxyglucose mapping (FDG) technique. Among at least seven subfields in this cortex primary auditory cortex (AI) and the anterior auditory cortex (AAF) show prominent tonotopic organization with parallel dorsoventral isofrequency contours (electrophysiology) in correspondence to FDG labeled frequency band laminae. Aversive tone conditioning paradigms produce spacial shifts of FDG tone representation in the tonotopic maps. Response curves of single units are reshaped by tone conditioning to code simultaneously for original characteristic frequency and conditioned frequency. This effect may explain changed FDG tone representation. The results suggest that spectral features as well as meaning of sounds are represented in auditory cortex.

Published
1992
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