Search

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of exercise interventions in adults after liver transplantation.

Understanding the ways in which exercise reduces the symptoms of clinical depression is an important step in determining the role for exercise in the standard of care for depression treatment. It can be argued that medicine is filled with examples of treatments coming well before the understanding of how the treatments worked. Antidepressant medications, for example, were being used with patients long before scientists and clinicians had a clear understanding of precisely how they exerted their antidepressant effects (Mayze, 2012). However, there will remain scientists, clinicians, and patients themselves who question the utility of incorporating exercise into the treatment of depression until the mechanisms underlying this relationship have been elucidated. Further, in order to develop the most effective exercise interventions, it is important to understand how exercise elicits its effect.

Psychische Erkrankungen treten sehr häufig auf und gehen mit starken persönlichen und gesamtgesellschaftlichen Beeinträchtigungen einher. Zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland zählen depressive Störungen, Angststörungen und Insomnie. Sie treten häufig komorbid untereinander und mit anderen Störungsbildern, wie beispielsweise der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- /Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS), auf. Die hohe Komorbidität könnte ein Hinweis darauf sein, dass diese Erkrankungen durch geteilte zugrundeliegende (transdiagnostische) Mechanismen entstehen und aufrechterhalten werden. Um diese Erkrankungen gleichzeitig wirksam behandeln zu können, braucht es daher Interventionen, die diese transdiagnostischen Mechanismen beeinflussen. Sportinterventionen können die Symptome von depressiven Störungen, Angststörungen, Insomnie sowie ADHS wirksam reduzieren. Wissenschaftliche Befunde weisen darauf, dass die Wirksamkeit über verschiedene Störungsbilder hinweg damit begründet werden kann, dass sportliche Aktivität eine positive Wirkung auf die Fähigkeit zur adaptiven Reaktion auf Stressoren (adaptive Stressbewältigung) haben kann. Maladaptive Stressbewältigung hingegen kann die genannten psychischen Erkrankungen bedingen und aufrechterhalten. Sportinterventionen scheinen nachhaltig wirksam zu sein, wenn sie Teilnehmende dazu befähigen langfristig sportlich aktiv zu sein und Sport bewusst gegen negativen Affekt (inklusive Stress) einzusetzen. Die Annahmen bezüglich der störungsbildübergreifenden Wirksamkeit von Sportinterventionen bzw. der transdiagnostischen Wirkmechanismen beruhen jedoch lediglich auf theoretischen Überlegungen, Longitudinal- bzw. Querschnittsstudien und experimentellen Studien mit gesunden oder störungsspezifischen Stichproben. Darüber hinaus gibt es wenige experimentelle Studien, die Wirkmechanismen von Sportinterventionen mit Mediationsanalysen untersucht haben. Daher kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass die störungsübergreifende Wirksamkeit von Sportinterventionen und deren transdiagnostischen Wirkmechanismen noch nicht ausreichend untersucht wurden. Dies ist jedoch wichtig, um die Wirksamkeit von Sportinterventionen zu verbessern und auf die Bedürfnisse diagnostisch heterogener psychischer Erkrankungen anzupassen. Es gibt es außerdem kaum Langzeitstudien von Sportinterventionen, die es erlauben, valide Aussagen über langfristig wirksame Komponenten von Sportinterventionen zu treffen. Anhand der selbstentwickelten Sportintervention ImPuls testeten wir die kurz- und langfristige Wirksamkeit einer Sportintervention in einer diagnostisch heterogenen klinischen Stichprobe. Wir untersuchten transdiagnostische Wirkmechanismen, die der kurz- und langfristigen Wirksamkeit zugrunde liegen könnten. ImPuls integriert evidenz-basierte Komponenten für eine wirksame Symptomreduktion über verschiedene Störungsbilder hinweg. Wir nutzten Selbstberichte zu störungsspezifischer und globaler Symptomatik sowie zu transdiagnostischen Mechanismen. Außerdem wurde ein physiologischer Indikator für die Fähigkeit zur adaptiven Stressbewältigung (Herzratenvariabilität, HRV) eingesetzt. Zusammengefasst zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, dass eine Sportintervention gleichzeitig die störungsspezifische und globale Symptomatik von Depressionen, Angststörungen, Insomnie und ADHS verbessern kann (Manuskript 1). Diese Symptomverbesserung über alle Störungsbilder hinweg scheint durch eine Steigerung der sportlichen Aktivität (Manuskript 1) und insbesondere der Steigerung der adaptiven Stressbewältigung bedingt zu sein (Manuskript 2). Auch ein Jahr nach Interventionsende konnte die Symptomverbesserung und gesteigerte Sportaktivität aufrechterhalten werden. Verantwortlich für die langfristige Wirksamkeit scheint insbesondere das Lernen der bewussten Anwendung von sportlicher Aktivität als Affektregulation zu sein (Manuskript 3). Die vorliegende Arbeit erweitert den aktuellen Forschungsstand bezüglich des Einsatzes von Sportinterventionen als Behandlung bei psychischen Erkrankungen, indem eine diagnostisch heterogene klinische Stichprobe gewählt wurde und kurz- und langfristige transdiagnostische Wirkmechanismen mit robusten statistischen Methoden untersucht wurden. Die im Rahmen der Dissertation durchgeführte Studie weist auf die transdiagnostische und langfristige Wirksamkeit von Sportinterventionen hin, wenn die Intervention auf die Verbesserung der adaptiven Stressbewältigung abzielt und Teilnehmende dazu befähigt regelmäßige sportliche Aktivität als Affektregulations-Strategie zu nutzen. Stärken und Limitationen der Studie sowie praktische Implikationen der Ergebnisse werden in dieser Dissertation detailliert dargestellt. Es werden zudem relevante zukünftige Forschungsaufgaben diskutiert. Mental disorders occur very frequently and are associated with severe personal and social impairment. Depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and insomnia are among the most common mental disorders. They often occur comorbidly with each other and with other mental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The high comorbidity may indicate that these disorders are caused and maintained by shared underlying (transdiagnostic) mechanisms. Therefore, to effectively treat these disorders simultaneously, interventions that beneficially impact these transdiagnostic mechanisms are needed. Exercise interventions can efficaciously reduce symptoms of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, insomnia, as well as ADHD. Scientific evidence indicates that the efficacy of exercise interventions across diagnostically heterogenous mental disorders may be due to their potential to increase the ability to adaptively respond to stressors (coping). In contrast, maladaptive stress coping can cause and maintain the aforementioned mental disorders. Beneficial effects of exercise interventions seem to be maintained if they enable participants to exercise regularly in the long-term and to use exercise intentionally to reduce negative affect (including stress). However, these assumptions regarding the efficacy of exercise interventions across disorders and transdiagnostic mechanisms of action are based only on theoretical considerations, longitudinal or cross-sectional studies, and experimental studies with healthy or disorder-specific samples. Moreover, experimental studies are needed that investigate these mechanisms of action by the conduction of mediation analyses. Therefore, it can be concluded that the efficacy of exercise interventions across heterogenous diagnoses and their transdiagnostic mechanisms of action have not been sufficiently investigated. However, this is important to improve the efficacy of exercise interventions and to tailor them to the needs of diagnostically heterogeneous mental disorders. Furthermore, follow-up periods of exercise trials have been rarely conducted which limits valid assumptions about long-term efficacious components of exercise interventions. Conducting the self-developed exercise intervention ImPuls, we tested the short- and long-term efficacy of an exercise intervention in a diagnostically heterogeneous clinical sample. We examined transdiagnostic mechanisms of action that might underlie short- and long-term efficacy of exercise interventions. ImPuls integrates the most efficacious evidence-based components for symptom reduction across diagnostically heterogenous outpatients. We used self-reported measures to assess disorder- specific and global symptom severity as well as transdiagnostic mechanisms. We also used a physiological indicator of the ability to adaptively cope with stressors (heart rate variability, HRV). In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that an exercise intervention can simultaneously reduce disorder-specific and global symptom severity across depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, insomnia, and ADHD (Manuscript 1). Reductions of symptoms across all disorders seem to be due to an increase in exercise (Manuscript 1) and, particularly, an increase in the ability to adaptively cope with stressors (Manuscript 2). Symptom reductions and the increase in exercise were also maintained one year after the end of the intervention. Adopting the intentional use of exercise as an affect regulation strategy seems to underlie the long-term efficacy (Manuscript 3). The present dissertation extends the current state of research on the use of exercise interventions as a treatment for mental disorders by choosing a diagnostically heterogeneous clinical sample and examining short- and long-term transdiagnostic mechanisms of action with robust statistical methods. The study conducted in the context of this dissertation indicates transdiagnostic and long-term efficacy of exercise interventions when improvements of the ability to adaptively cope with stressors a major aim and when participants are enabled to use regular exercise as an affect regulation strategy. Limitations, strengths as well as future directions and practical implications of the present study are discussed in detail.

Physical activity (PA) and exercise have numerous benefits in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) including improved lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life. Despite these benefits, the effectiveness of interventions to promote PA in this population are still largely unknown. The objective of this review was to synthesise existing research and determine whether exercise interventions are effective in promoting PA in people with CF. Using the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted. Fifteen studies (463 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies demonstrated improvements in PA in both short- and long-term interventions. However, the interventions were variable across the included studies, with a large inconsistency in PA assessment tools used. Aerobic training and activity counselling were the two elements identified in this review which most consistently improved PA. Future research should consider larger sample sizes and the use of accurate instruments to assess and track PA levels longitudinally.

To review the quality of reporting and identify the content of exercise interventions prescribed for hamstring strain injury (HSI) rehabilitation in the scientific literature from 2010 to 2020.Scoping review.We searched the bibliometric databases Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase.Original research articles (randomized controlled trials and cohort studies) published from 2010 to 2020 that described an exercise rehabilitation intervention for participants with acute HSIs were included. Injuries must have been confirmed within 7 days of occurrence via clinical assessment and/or diagnostic imaging.The quality of reporting, in terms of completeness of exercise intervention description, was evaluated using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and the content of interventions was categorized into exercise types.Fourteen studies were included; exercise intervention quality of reporting was moderate in 3 studies and low in 11 studies. Using the 19-item CERT, an average of 8.8 items (range, 4-14) were reported across all studies. Two studies reported sufficient exercise content and progression information to allow replication. Exercises categorized as hamstring flexibility, hamstring strength, running related, and non-hamstring specific were prescribed in 13, 11, 10, and 10 studies, respectively. Half of the included studies incorporated all 4 exercise types in their exercise interventions.There is a wide variety of exercise interventions applied in published research that has addressed HSI rehabilitation. Researchers must improve reporting quality to support other professionals in replicating exercise interventions and help practitioners to effectively implement research in practice.

Adolescence is an important stage for brain maturation. To investigate the effect of different exercise doses on inhibitory control in adolescents aged 12 to 14-year old, an after-school exercise program was offered 5 days per week for 12 weeks during a school semester. Thirsty-four adolescents (17 boys) from the first six classes were randomly divided into low-dose exercise group (LE group, one 30-min aerobic exercise bout per day, n ​= ​16) and high-dose exercise group (HE group, two 30-min aerobic exercise bouts per day, n ​= ​18), while 23 adolescents (10 boys) in the control group (CON, zero 30-min exercise bout, n ​= ​23) were from the last two classes. All the participants in different classes received the same physical education with the same contents, duration, and intensity at class. All the participants completed flanker tests and cardiorespiratory tests before and after exercise intervention. The HE group showed more significant improvements on inhibitory control and VO2peak than CON (p ​

Older adults with Hematologic Malignancy (HM) are vulnerable to functional decline secondary to disease and treatment. Interventions for physical deconditioning, in concert with routine hematology care are limited. The feasibility of accrual, retention, and demand for an exercise intervention among a high-risk HM population was piloted.Older adults with HM, on active treatment, with functional impairment were recruited prospectively to participate in a 6-month Otago Exercise Programme (OEP). Measures of motivation, self-efficacy, patient identified barriers to exercise, barriers to clinical trial enrollment, study satisfaction, and serious adverse events were captured.63 patients were approached, 18 declined trial enrollment, 45 consented, 30 patients enrolled in the exercise program. The main barrier for trial enrollment was transportation/travel concerns (n = 15). Of the 45 consented participants, 8 (12.7%) dropped out due to clinical deterioration, 5 (7.9%) withdrew, and 2 (3.2%) were ineligible prior to exercise-intervention intiation. The median age was 75.5 years (range 62-83) with plasma cell dyscrasia (63%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (20%) and leukemia (17%). Retention of the physical therapist (PT) led-OEP was 76.6% of patients (n = 23/30), and end-of-study retention was 66.7% (n = 20/30). Of the evaluable patients, 23/29 completed the PE-led OEP yielding a completion rate of 79%. Participants were extremely motivated (72.4%) and strongly intended (89.7%) to engage in regular physical activity. Exercising when tired increased from a median score of 50 at Visit 1 to 70 at Visit 2, but dropped significantly to 45 at Visit 3 (p 0.001). Participants reported significantly lower self-efficacy to exercise over the next 6 months from Visit 1 to Visit 3 (p = 0.001).Older patients with HM had higher completion of in-person, PT-led exercise compared to at-home, independent exercise. Older adults were motivated and found the program acceptable, yet the ability to sustain a structured exercise program was challenging due to changes in health status. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02791737.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether long-term diet (D) and exercise (E) interventions, alone or in combination (D+E), have beneficial effects for older adults with knee osteoarthritis 3.5-years after the interventions end. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a subset (N = 94) of the first 184 participants who had successfully completed the Intensive Diet and Exercise in Arthritis (IDEA) trial (N = 399) and who consented to follow-up testing. Participants were older (age ≥ 55 years), overweight and obese adults with radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in at least one knee who completed 1.5-year D+E (N=27), D (N=35), or E (N=32) interventions and returned for 5-year follow-up testing an average of 3.5-years later. RESULTS During the 3.5-years following the interventions, weight regain in D+E and D was 5.9 kg (7%) and 3.1 kg (4%), respectively, with a 1 kg (1%) weight loss in E. Compared to baseline, weight (D+E, -3.7 kg, P=.0007; D, -5.8 kg, P

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the role of diabetes mellitus in the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise intervention among haemodialysis patients.Methods: In this multicentre study 90 dialysed patients were allocated to the experimental (EXG, n = 57) or control group (CNG, n = 33). In EXG, we included 20 diabetic and 37 non-diabetic patients. In CNG, we enrolled 8 diabetic and 25 non-diabetic patients. EXG underwent a 12-week supervised, progressive, intradialytic resistance training programme, while CNG stayed inactive during dialysis. Baseline, post-interventional and post-follow-up assessments of maximal force during hip extension (HE), hip flexion (HF) and knee extension (KE) contractions were completed in both groups of patients.Results: HE increased in diabetic and non-diabetic EXG patients (diabetic EXG, change: +14.5 N; 95% CI = -5.5 to +34.5; non-diabetic EXG, +18.6 N; 95% CI = +3.4 to +33.8) and diabetic CNG patients (change: +17.9 N; 95% CI = -9.2 to +44.9). Only non-diabetic CNG patients experienced a decrease in HE (change: -22.8 N; 95% CI = -36.9 to -8.7, P < .05).Conclusions: Resistance training improved muscle function among dialysis patients regardless of the presence of diabetes mellitus. We found that non-diabetic patients lose their muscle function extensively during inactivity, while diabetic patients retain their muscle function. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of SEEN y SED. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).

Objective To analyze the research focuses and frontiers of exercise intervention on breast cancer patients. Methods We collected 7134 pieces of literature about exercise intervention on breast cancer in the Web of Science Core Collection database in recent five years, and CiteSpaceⅤ was used to conduct visual knowledge map analysis and generate a visual map including discipline distribution, country or region distribution, keyword co-occurrence or highlighting, keyword timeline maps, etc. Results In recent years, the domain of exercise intervention on breast cancer has achieved rapid development. The disciplines were mainly cardiovascular system and cardiology as well as oncology. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Italy ranked in the first places with regard to the number of papers. The body mass index and the quality of life betweeness centrality were respectively 0.81 and 0.52, which played an important role in the knowledge map. The keyword highlighting map and the timeline map showed that cardiac toxicity was a research focus in this domain. Conclusion The research focuses of exercise intervention on breast cancer are mainly cardiovascular and related fields, in a rapid development stage. Future research directions include weight control, quality of life and cardiac toxicity.

Concurrent exercise and metformin administration may reduce the acute and chronic effects of exercise on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, several studies suggest that combing metformin and exercise treatment may have no additive effect and even cause adverse effects in T2D patients. This case report aimed to highlight the challenges associated with prescribing exercise to type 2 diabetes patients undergoing metformin treatment. A 67-years old woman was followed-up for 5 months, including assessment of the acute and chronic glucose and lactate metabolism induced by concomitant exercise and metformin. The findings were four-fold: 1) During a high-intensity interval training bout, blood glucose systematically decreased, while blood lactate concentrations fluctuated randomly; 2) Basal blood lactate levels were well above 2 mmol/L on days with medication only; 3) Combined exercise and metformin administration induced additive effects on the normalization of glucose and 4) high levels of physical activity had a positive impact on the continuous glucose fluctuations, while decreased levels of physical activity induced a large fluctuation of glucose due to home confinement of an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our findings showed that when combined with exercise and metformin treatment for T2D patients, exercise may contribute to improving glycemic control while metformin may elevate lactate levels in the long term. The observed results underline the need to prescribe exercise and monitor lactate levels for reducing possible risks associated with metformin treatment and reinforce the importance of tailoring exercise therapy. peerReviewed

This will be a scoping review of the existing literature on exercise interventions in pediatric oncology patients. To date, there are no existing scoping reviews on the topic as it specifically relates to patients with B and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and leukemia.

HINTERGRUND: Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ist von zentraler Bedeutung für gesundes Altern. Allerdings halten in Deutschland weniger als ein Viertel der ab 65-Jährigen die Aktivitätsempfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation ein. ZIEL DER ARBEIT: In zwei Studienphasen (PROMOTE I und II) wurden web- und print-basierte Programme zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren entwickelt und mittels randomisierter Interventionsstudien analysiert und evaluiert. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die daraus resultierenden Empfehlungen und Materialien, die im Rahmen einer Toolbox für Anbieter:innen von Bewegungsprogrammen im kommunalen Setting angeboten werden, vorzustellen. MATERIAL UND METHODEN: Insgesamt erhielten 651 Personen über 10 Wochen Zugang zu der web- oder print-basierten „Fit im Nordwesten“-Bewegungsintervention. In der zweiten Studienphase (PROMOTE II) wurde das Programm mithilfe eines partizipativen Ansatzes an bisher inaktive Ältere angepasst. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Intervention und die Effektivität hinsichtlich des Bewegungsverhaltens wurden wissenschaftlich evaluiert. ERGEBNISSE: Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox umfasst theoriebasierte, praxisrelevante und wissenschaftlich evaluierte Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren. Die bereitgestellten Dokumentensets enthalten Materialien für 1) die Vor- und Nachbereitung, 2) die Durchführung eines zehnwöchigen Bewegungsprogramms, 3) die langfristige Aufrechterhaltung des Bewegungsverhaltens und 4) die Begleitung für Theorie und Praxis. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Bisher existierten kaum wissenschaftlich evaluierte Materialien für die praktische Nutzung in der Bewegungsförderung. Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox kann die zukünftige Anwendung in Bewegungsprogrammen für ältere Erwachsene unterstützen. BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity is central to healthy ageing. However, less than 25% of German older adults aged 65 years or older currently reach the World Health Organization’s recommendations. OBJECTIVES: In two study phases (PROMOTE I and II), web- and print-based programs to promote physical activity in older adults aged 60 years and older were developed. Intervention effectiveness was evaluated in randomized intervention trials. The goal is to present the recommendations and materials that emerged and were summarized in a toolbox for use in intervention planning and implementation in the community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 651 individuals received access to the web- or print-based “Fit im Nordwesten” physical activity intervention for 10 weeks. As part of the PROMOTE II study, the program was adapted to initially inactive older adults using a participatory approach. Acceptance and intervention effectiveness regarding physical activity behavior were scientifically evaluated. RESULTS: The “Fit im Nordwesten” toolbox includes theory-based, practice-relevant, and scientifically evaluated recommendations for the promotion of physical activity among older adults aged 60 years and older. The provided document sets include materials for (1) the preparation and postprocessing, (2) the implementation of the 10-week physical activity program, (3) supporting long-term maintenance of physical activity behavior, and (4) supporting materials for theory and practice. CONCLUSIONS: Thus far, the provision of scientifically evaluated materials for practical use in the promotion of physical activity was limited. The findings and recommendations presented here as part of the “Fit im Nordwesten” toolbox can support future application in physical activity programs targeting older adults.

Hintergrund Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ist von zentraler Bedeutung für gesundes Altern. Allerdings halten in Deutschland weniger als ein Viertel der ab 65-Jährigen die Aktivitätsempfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation ein. Ziel der Arbeit In zwei Studienphasen (PROMOTE I und II) wurden web- und print-basierte Programme zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren entwickelt und mittels randomisierter Interventionsstudien analysiert und evaluiert. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die daraus resultierenden Empfehlungen und Materialien, die im Rahmen einer Toolbox für Anbieter:innen von Bewegungsprogrammen im kommunalen Setting angeboten werden, vorzustellen. Material und Methoden Insgesamt erhielten 651 Personen über 10 Wochen Zugang zu der web- oder print-basierten „Fit im Nordwesten“-Bewegungsintervention. In der zweiten Studienphase (PROMOTE II) wurde das Programm mithilfe eines partizipativen Ansatzes an bisher inaktive Ältere angepasst. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Intervention und die Effektivität hinsichtlich des Bewegungsverhaltens wurden wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Ergebnisse Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox umfasst theoriebasierte, praxisrelevante und wissenschaftlich evaluierte Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität älterer Erwachsener ab 60 Jahren. Die bereitgestellten Dokumentensets enthalten Materialien für 1) die Vor- und Nachbereitung, 2) die Durchführung eines zehnwöchigen Bewegungsprogramms, 3) die langfristige Aufrechterhaltung des Bewegungsverhaltens und 4) die Begleitung für Theorie und Praxis. Schlussfolgerung Bisher existierten kaum wissenschaftlich evaluierte Materialien für die praktische Nutzung in der Bewegungsförderung. Die „Fit im Nordwesten“-Toolbox kann die zukünftige Anwendung in Bewegungsprogrammen für ältere Erwachsene unterstützen.

The modern woman has taken her rightful place in society as a worker, a caregiver, a mother, and a world citizen. However, along with the privileges of these roles comes the great cost of stress and resultant exhaustion and fatigue. Psychosocial, physical, cultural, and disease-related realms of stress act as strands of a web that serve to bind and hinder women with chronic stress. New areas of research, such as exercise intervention, improved social programs (e.g., childcare), and supplementation are constantly evaluated for effectiveness alongside traditional remedies such as exercise. This review will highlight some of the key issues regarding stress in women and explore reports of new treatment modalities in light of the specific requirements of the modern woman.

Adherence may be an important factor to consider when interpreting the results of an exercise intervention. This article will discuss the importance of measuring and reporting adherence to exercise interventions that are designed to improve targeted health outcomes. Additionally, we will propose and describe a universal method to measure and report adherence to exercise interventions.

Physical exercise is a powerful measure to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. However, the individual response to lifestyle interventions is variable and cannot, to date, be predicted. N-Lactoylphenylalanine (Lac-Phe) produced during exercise has recently been shown to mediate weight loss in obese mice. Lac-Phe could also contribute to, and potentially explain differences in, the effectiveness of exercise interventions in humans. Sedentary overweight and obese subjects completed an 8-week supervised endurance exercise intervention (n = 22). Before and after the intervention, plasma levels of Lac-Phe were determined by UHPLC-MS in the resting state and immediately after an acute bout of endurance exercise. Adipose tissue volume was quantified using MRI. Acute exercise caused a pronounced increase in Lac-Phe, both before and after the intervention. Higher levels of Lac-Phe after acute exercise were associated with a greater reduction in abdominal subcutaneous and, to a lower degree, visceral adipose tissue during the intervention. Lac-Phe produced during physical activity could contribute to weight loss by acting as a signaling molecule that regulates food intake, as previously shown in mice. Quantification of Lac-Phe during an exercise test could be employed as a tool to predict and potentially improve the individual response to exercise-based lifestyle interventions in overweight humans and those with obesity.

Background: Exercise offers improvement to physical and mental health symptoms as well and cognitive function in patients with psychosis. However, patients with psychosis are often less ready to benefit from exercise intervention because of the difficulties in motivation. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of adjunctive motivational coaching on exercise intervention in women with psychosis in Hong Kong. Methods: From a community mental health programme for women, patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (within 5 years of first onset) were randomly allocated to receive 12 30-minute sessions of motivational coaching or psychoeducation in a group format. Both groups additionally received exercise intervention sessions consisting of yoga, stretching and high-intensity interval training. Primary outcome was the total physical activity level measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Fifty-seven patients (mean [SD] age, 34.47 [12.44] years) were randomised into motivational coaching ( n = 30) or psychoeducation ( n = 27) treatment groups. The motivational coaching group had a significantly higher total physical activity level (4601.67 [686.59] vs 2524.82 [723.73] metabolic equivalent task-min/week, r2 = 0.473, p = 0.04) after the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention. Moderate and light physical activity levels were significantly higher in the motivational coaching group after intervention and at 6 months, respectively. Additionally, symptoms of bizarre behaviour were improved in the motivational coaching group at 6 months. Younger, unemployed, unmarried and those with longer durations of untreated psychosis generally showed larger improvements in the motivational coaching group. Conclusion: Motivational coaching may augment the effects of exercise interventions, as reflected by higher physical activity participation. Motivational coaching augmentation has the potential to further improve exercise intervention outcomes.

This is a randomized controlled study to determine whether diet and exercise interventions can reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women with high-risk factors. Ninety-four pregnant women were randomly divided into the intervention ( n = 47) and control ( n = 47) groups. A diet and exercise program was provided for the intervention group by researchers and was adjusted every 2 weeks by outpatient or WeChat intervention. The control group only received the routine health management in the hospital. Follow-up continued until the birth of the baby. The incidence of GDM (23.9%) in the intervention group was lower than in the control group (51.1%) ( p = .007). Weight gain did not differ significantly between the two groups throughout pregnancy ( p = .572). It is concluded that diet and exercise interventions can reduce the incidence of GDM in pregnant women with high-risk factors.

Aim: To explore the impact of ballroom dance on the body-esteem of urban middle-aged groups, and to provide references for the promotion of physical and mental health of the group. Method: Middle-aged people who meet the age standard and live in cities were selected as the experimental subjects, and the experimental group was given an 8-week ballroom dance exercise intervention. Result: After a period of ballroom dance intervention, the body-esteem and its various dimensions of the experimental group were significantly improved to varying degrees (P

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder that extends from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is effectively alleviated by lifestyle intervention. Nevertheless, DNA methylation mechanism underling the effect of environmental factors on NAFLD and NASH is still obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and diet intervention in NAFLD and NASH via DNA methylation of GAB2. Methods Methylation of genomic DNA in human NAFLD was quantified using Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip assay after exercise (Ex), low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and exercise plus low carbohydrate diet (ELCD) intervention. The output Idat files were processed using ChAMP package. False discovery rate on genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation (q GRB2 associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) in NASH mice after Ex, low fat diet (LFD) and exercise plus low fat diet (ELFD), MassARRAY EpiTYPER and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used. Results Both LCD and ELCD intervention on human NAFLD can induce same DNA methylation alterations at critical genes in blood, e.g., GAB2, which was also validated in liver and adipose of NASH mice after LFD and ELFD intervention. Moreover, methylation of CpG units (i.e., CpG_10.11.12) inversely correlated with mRNA expression GAB2 in adipose tissue of NASH mice after ELFD intervention. Conclusions We highlighted the susceptibility of DNA methylation in GAB2 to ELFD intervention, through which exercise and diet can protect against the progression of NAFLD and NASH on the genome level, and demonstrated that the DNA methylation variation in blood could mirror epigenetic signatures in target tissues of important biological function, i.e., liver and adipose tissue. Trialregistration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN42622771)

Falls are a major issue among older adults with cancer and lead to interruptions in cancer treatment. Resistance and balance training can prevent falls in older adults, but minimal evidence is available regarding the older cancer population, who often have unique risk factors. We used a pre–post design to assess the feasibility of a remotely delivered exercise program that progressed in difficulty and its efficacy on lower body strength, balance, and falls in older adults with cancer who had prior in-person exercise experience. Twenty-six older adults with cancer completed the intervention. Attendance rate for the virtual component was 97.6% and for the independent component was 84.7%. Participants perceived the program as rewarding and enjoyable (100%), felt this program prepared them to exercise on their own (92%), were confident to continue exercising on their own (81%), and would recommend the program to other patients (100%). The median balance score at baseline and end-of-study was 4 (IQR = 0). The median chair-stand time decreased from 9.2 s (IQR = 3.13) to 7.7 s (IQR = 4.6). A statistically significant difference in lower body strength (r = 0.68, p = 0.001) was detected post-intervention. The findings from this study can inform the design of a larger randomized trial.

Although Charcot characterized classic cerebellar symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in 1877, the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on MS symptoms has predominately been evaluated in the last two decades. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the association between cerebellar pathology, including atrophy and reduced fractional anisotropy in the peduncles, and motor impairments, such as reduced gait velocity and time to complete walking tasks. However, future studies using novel imaging techniques are needed to elucidate all potential pathophysiology that is associated with disability in PwMS. Additionally, future studies are required to determine the most effective treatments for motor impairments in PwMS, including the specific type and duration of exercise interventions, and potential means to amplify their effects, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This mini-review critically discusses the distinct role of cerebellar dysfunction in motor impairments in PwMS, potential treatments, and directions for future studies.

Objective: In order to examine the effect of 4-week combinatorial intervention with exercise training and dietary restriction on serum fatty acids, and to explore the correlation of intervention-induced improvement of serum fatty acid profile with the reduction of body fat and arterial stiffness. Methods: Thirty-three obese adolescents were randomized into the intervention (n = 19) and control (n = 14) groups. The participants from the intervention group were subjected to 4-week combinatorial intervention with exercise training and dietary restriction while the participants from the control group maintained regular activities and diet habits. Anthropometry, serum fatty acids and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 4-week intervention. Results: The participants upon combinatorial intervention revealed the improved body compositions and serum fatty acid profile, and reduced arterial stiffness when compared with their basal levels and the control participants (p < 0.05). Moreover, the decrease in myristic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, was associated with the reduction in body fat. A positive correlation between arachidonic acid and left brachial ankle pulse velocity was observed, and the increase in docosahexaenoic acid was associated with the reduction of left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and the enhancement of right ankle brachial index. Conclusion: The 4-week combinatorial intervention is a useful strategy to improve serum fatty acid profile along with the reduction of body fat and arterial stiffness in obese adolescents.

With the wide spread of the epidemic, the long-term closed lifestyle and the sharp reduction of physical activities, many people have mental health problems such as panic, anxiety and depression. At present, there are few studies on the effect of exercise on depression. Therefore, the study selected exercise intervention therapy and other intervention methods to evaluate the intervention effect of depression, and explored the effect of exercise intervention by evaluating depression scale and effective indicators. Hope this can provide a new idea for exercise intervention as an adjunctive therapy for depression on drug treatment.

The purpose of the study Nowadays, there are many people who participate in fitness centre to maintain their health and fitness. There are many ways to increase VO2Max, an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, two of many were High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and traditional aerobic endurance training. In other hand exercise in any type of way required extra energy, resulting in increased energy and macronutrient intake. Was to analyse the effects of HIIT vs. Aerobic Endurance Exercise on energy intake, macronutrient intake, and VO2Max of fitness centre participants in Depok.. Materials and methods 26 participants were recruited voluntarily from one of fitness centre in Depok, West Java, Indonesia, then randomized into HIIT Intervention Group and aerobic endurance exercise intervention group for 3 months. Energy and macronutrient intake were assessed before and after intervention. Bleep test was done to determine VO2Max Level before and after intervention. Results. Paired t-test between before and after intervention showed that there’s significant difference (p

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of aerobic exercise training on the coldness of the body and physiologically-related factors in Japanese young women with cold constitution. Eighteen subjects were divided into two groups: exercise (E) and non-exercise control (C) groups. Subjects in the E group performed exercise training of fast walking 4 days or more per week for 4 weeks. The training significantly decreased the scores for cold feeling in the fingertips and toes, but did not change the metabolic rate or sublingual and skin temperatures in the hands and feet during rest under normothermic conditions. In the C group, all variables remained unchanged throughout the 4-week control period. These results suggest that aerobic exercise mitigated coldness in the distal portion of the extremities via the reduction of cold sensation at a normal body temperature in young women complaining of chilliness.

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a typical neurological development disorder of the brain, exhibiting social communication and communication disorders, narrow interests, and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. Movement development is an important evaluation index for the development of early motor function in children, so exercise intervention in children with ASD is of great significance. Objective This article conducts exercise intervention on children with ASD to stimulate their exercise ability and improve their self-care ability. Methods The article randomly grouped 24 children with an autism spectrum disorder. The experimental group received exercise intervention, and the control group had regular classes. After the experiment is completed, the influence of exercise intervention on children with autism is analyzed. Results The motor skills of the two groups of children were different after the intervention. The motor skills of the experimental group improved more significantly. Conclusion Exercise intervention can significantly improve the motor skills of children with an autism spectrum disorder. To evaluate whether the large-muscle motor skill learning of children with ASD and its influence on basic motor skills can be transferred to provide a reference for related motor intervention. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results. RESUMO Introdução O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento típico do cérebro, que apresenta transtornos de comunicação e comunicação social, interesses estreitos e comportamentos repetitivos e estereotipados. O desenvolvimento do movimento é um índice de avaliação importante para o desenvolvimento da função motora precoce em crianças, portanto, a intervenção com exercícios em crianças com TEA é de grande importância. Objetivo Este artigo realiza uma intervenção de exercícios em crianças com TEA para estimular sua capacidade de exercício e melhorar sua capacidade de autocuidado. Métodos O artigo agrupou aleatoriamente 24 crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. O grupo experimental recebeu intervenção de exercícios e o grupo controle teve aulas regulares. Após a conclusão do experimento, a influência da intervenção do exercício em crianças com autismo é analisada. Resultados As habilidades motoras dos dois grupos de crianças foram diferentes após a intervenção. As habilidades motoras do grupo experimental melhoraram mais significativamente. Conclusão A intervenção com exercícios pode melhorar significativamente as habilidades motoras de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Avaliar se a aprendizagem de grandes habilidades motoras musculares de crianças com TEA e sua influência nas habilidades motoras básicas podem ser transferidos para fornecer uma referência para a intervenção motora relacionada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento. RESUMEN Introducción El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico típico del cerebro, que presenta trastornos de comunicación y comunicación social, intereses estrechos y comportamientos repetitivos y estereotipados. El desarrollo del movimiento es un índice de evaluación importante para el desarrollo de la función motora temprana en los niños, por lo que la intervención con ejercicios en niños con TEA es de gran importancia. Objetivo Este artículo realiza una intervención de ejercicio en niños con TEA para estimular su capacidad de ejercicio y mejorar su capacidad de autocuidado. Métodos El artículo agrupó aleatoriamente a 24 niños con un trastorno del espectro autista. El grupo experimental recibió intervención con ejercicios y el grupo de control tuvo clases regulares. Una vez completado el experimento, se analiza la influencia de la intervención del ejercicio en los niños con autismo. Resultados Las habilidades motoras de los dos grupos de niños fueron diferentes después de la intervención. Las habilidades motoras del grupo experimental mejoraron de manera más significativa. Conclusión La intervención con ejercicios puede mejorar significativamente las habilidades motoras de los niños con un trastorno del espectro autista. Evaluar si el aprendizaje de las habilidades motoras de los músculos grandes de los niños con TEA y su influencia en las habilidades motoras básicas se puede transferir para proporcionar una referencia para la intervención motora relacionada. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a common occurrence in postpartum women, and it is unclear what types of nonsurgical interventions are most efective in preventing and/or reducing it. The aim of this review with meta-analysis was to investigate which conservative treatment approaches are themost efective for the management of postpartum DRA. After a thorough search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed 14 articles. The literature suggests that abdominal exercise programs are generally efective in treating DRA at various postpartum periods. There is preliminary but promising evidence of the efcacy of electrical stimulation in combination with exercise. In addition, abdominal kinesiotaping can be used in conjunction with other interventions. Limitations of previous research include (a) the use of diferent measurement methods (palpation, calipers, ultrasound) and sites, (b) the evaluation of treatment efects in diferent time periods, and (c) the use of a wider range of exercise combinations. Although abdominal exercise is a cornerstone of DRA treatment, the optimal exercise combination is currently unknown due to these limitations.

Background: This study examines whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, functional fitness, and depressive symptoms following a six-month exercise intervention were associated with cognitive function in Korean women aged 65 years and older. Methods: A non-randomized study design was used to compare post-intervention changes in measured variables between control (n = 30) and exercise (n = 30) groups. The exercise intervention consisted of three days of low-load resistance exercise and two days of walking. Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Korean version of the Mini–Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Functional fitness was measured using a senior fitness test battery. Results: The exercise group showed a significant improvement in cognitive function (p < 0.001) in conjunction with significant decreases in blood glucose (p = 0.052), triglycerides (p = 0.011), insulin (p = 0.002), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.043), and depressive symptoms (p = 0.006) and an increase in interleukin-10 (p = 0.037), compared with the control group. Multivariate stepwise regression showed that changes in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), insulin resistance (p < 0.001), and upper body muscle strength (p = 0.003) were positively associated with cognitive function. Conclusion: A six-month exercise intervention consisting of walking and low-load/high-repetition elastic band resistance exercise has the potential to improve cognitive function, as well as physical function and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to decrease depressive symptoms in older women.

(1) Background: Sleep quality is closely related to the physical and mental health of college students. The objectives of this study were to obtain data on the sleep quality of university students and to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora and the improvement in sleep quality through exercise intervention. (2) Methods: Here, 11 university students with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 18 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 7 were selected as experimental subjects, and another 11 healthy people were recruited as control subjects. The experimental group and control group were each intervened with exercise for 8 weeks. We used 16SrDNA sequencing technology to analyze the variations of the intestinal flora and the relation of the variations and sleep quality improvement between the experimental group and the control group before and after the exercise intervention. (3) Results: The differences in gut flora composition between people with sleep disorders and healthy people were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Before and after the exercise intervention, the differences were also statistically significant (p < 0.05) in people with sleep disorders. The sleep-disordered population had a larger proportion compared with the healthy population (p < 0.05). Blautia and Eubacterium hallii were microbe markers in the sleep-disordered population before and after the exercise intervention, while there was no microbe marker found in the healthy population. (4) Conclusions: The increase in Blautia and Eubacterium hallii, and the decrease in Agathobacter are associated with healthy sleep. Gut flora may be related to sleep disorders. Exercise intervention can improve sleep quality while changing the diversity of the gut flora, and exercise intervention targeting the gut flora is a new concept for preventing and treating sleep disorders.

Objective: This scoping review aims to investigate the scope and nature of evidence related to physical exercise interventions in treatment and rehabilitation settings for young adults with drug addiction problem. Introduction: The literature provides current scientific evidence on the type, intensity, and frequency of exercise recommended to drug-dependent groups in treatment and rehabilitation services. However, a more detailed analysis of subgroups and a deeper understanding of what types of exercise are currently offered to the young adult age group is not available. To date, there is no systematic review of research conducted in treatment and rehabilitation settings on exercise interventions for the young adult subgroup. Inclusion criteria: Any published studies that investigated young adults with drug addiction problem, who have undergone physical exercise intervention, in treatment and rehabilitation settings will be included. Mindfulness-based intervention with minimal physical movement component will be excluded. Methods: This is a scoping review using the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Two independent reviewers will search for literature that meets the inclusion criteria through the six electronic databases: CINHAL, Ovid (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Reference lists of all identified literature will be manually reviewed to ensure a comprehensive search and to identify additional sources. Data will be synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach.

Objective: This scoping review aims to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to exercise interventions delivered in treatment and rehabilitation settings for women with drug dependence problem. Introduction: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that review the summary effects of different exercise interventions on drug addiction-related outcomes are available in the literature. Yet, these reviews focused on the impact of physical exercise intervention on specific outcomes. To date, no review has systematically map exercise intervention research conducted in treatment and rehabilitation settings for the women drug addicts subgroup. Inclusion criteria: Any published studies that investigated women with drug dependence problem, who have undergone physical exercise intervention, in treatment and rehabilitation settings will be included. Mindfulness-based intervention with minimal physical exercise movement component will be excluded. Methods: This is a scoping review using the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Two independent researchers will search for literature that meets the inclusion criteria through the six electronic databases: CINHAL, Ovid (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Any discrepancies of the eligibility for inclusion will be resolved by discussion with a third researcher. Reference lists of all identified literature will be manually reviewed to ensure a comprehensive search and to identify additional sources. Data will be synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of brisk walking on blood pressure (BP) in Chinese Han occupational populations to identify the appropriate volume of exercise needed for BP management. Eight‐hundred and two office staff with sedentary lifestyles were recruited to receive a prescription pedometer‐assisted brisk walking intervention for 3 months. To evaluate exercise intervention efficiency using statistical methods, the effective steps was divided as follows: 4000‐ 12 000 (Level 4) steps/day. The data of 688 participants who completed the study were analyzed. After intervention, Systolic BP (SBP) and Diastolic BP (DBP) at Levels 1–3 were significantly decreased (p

Exercise is known to improve fatigue among adult cancer patients however there is limited understanding of this relationship in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) with cancer. The aim is to evaluate the effect of exercise on fatigue outcomes among children and AYA with cancer and to identify important parameters of exercise (frequency, intensity, time, type, and setting), which may be relevant for future intervention design. A systematic search of PubMed, MedLine, CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted in December 2019, for studies within the last decade, reporting the effect of exercise on fatigue among cancer patients and survivors 0-24 years of age. Quality assessment was conducted using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and "Before/After Studies with No Control Group" scales. Seventeen studies (

Background: Exercise training (ET) has neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, a key brain region for memory that is vulnerable to age-related dysfunction. Objective: We investigated the effects of ET on functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a cognitively normal (CN) control group. We also assessed whether the ET-induced changes in hippocampal FC (Δhippocampal-FC) are associated with changes in memory task performance (Δmemory performance). Methods: 32 older adults (77.0±7.6 years; 16 MCI and 16 CN) participated in the present study. Cardiorespiratory fitness tests, memory tasks (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Logical Memory Test (LM)), and resting-state fMRI were administered before and after a 12-week walking ET intervention. We utilized a seed-based correlation analysis using the bilateral anterior and posterior hippocampi as priori seed regions of interest. The associations of residualized ET-induced Δhippocampal-FC and Δmemory performance were assessed using linear regression. Results: There were significant improvements in RAVLT Trial 1 and LM test performance after ET across participants. At baseline, MCI, compared to CN, demonstrated significantly lower posterior hippocampal FC. ET was associated with increased hippocampal FC across groups. Greater ET-related anterior and posterior hippocampal FC with right posterior cingulate were associated with improved LM recognition performance in MCI participants. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hippocampal FC is significantly increased following 12-weeks of ET in older adults and, moreover, suggest that increased hippocampal FC may reflect neural network plasticity associated with ET-related improvements in memory performance in individuals diagnosed with MCI.

Objectives We aimed to gather and update the evidence on the impact of exercise on late-life depression. Method We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of an exercise intervention for depression in older adults (e.g. 60+). Searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews, and Opengray.eu. Methodological quality was assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Data analysis was performed with RStudio (version 4.0.2) and the generic inverse-variance method was used to pool the effect sizes from the included studies. Results Twelve meta-analyses of 97 RCTs were included. The AMSTAR 2 rating was considered critically low in five studies, low in six studies, and high in one study. The effect size expressed by the standardized mean difference (SMD) varied between studies from -0.90 (95% CI = -1.51; -0.28) to -0.14 (95% CI = -0.36; 0.07) in favor of the exercise intervention. Pooling of the effect sizes produced a statistically significant moderate effect in which exercise was associated with lower levels of depression and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.77; 2.84). Conclusion Our findings suggest that exercise produces a moderate improvement in depression and depressive symptoms in older patients. We recommend providing physical activity for older adults. Key-points We investigated the effects of exercise interventions for depression in older adults. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1951660.

Among breast cancer populations, exercise interventions resulted in positive but relatively small improvements on fatigue, which may be due to insensitive measures of global fatigue. Perceived fatigability—whole-body tiredness anchored to standardized tasks/activities of a specific intensity and duration—may help to detect effective exercise interventions reducing fatigue in oncology. We examined whether perceived physical fatigability improved after an exercise intervention. This single center randomized clinical trial of 49 breast cancer survivors was conducted from 2015 to 2017, among which 41 participants (22 = exercise, 19 = control) completed the trial and reported their perceived physical fatigability at the first (Visit 1) and the last visit (Visit 3) over 6–14 weeks. Perceived physical fatigability was measured using the 10-item, self-administered Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) scored 0–50. The mean differences of perceived physical fatigability between Visit 3 and Visit 1 were computed and compared by intervention groups using two sample t test. Among the 41 women in the study (mean age 54.9 ± 9.8 years; 80% white), sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and baseline fatigue level were similar by intervention groups, except for antiestrogen use. Post-intervention changes (mean ∆ ± SE) of PFS Physical scores were greater in the exercise group (− 4.4 ± 1.4; − 22.5%) than the control group (0.2 ± 1.4; + 1.0%) (p = .022). The PFS captured a reduction in fatigue after the exercise intervention among breast cancer survivors. These findings aid mounting efforts to reduce fatigue in oncology by introducing a more sensitive instrument to measure perceived physical fatigability to better evaluate patient-reported outcomes in future cancer trials. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 02770781

By accelerating the aforementioned industrialisation and urbanisation, people’s way of life has undergone enormous changes. The incidence of overweight and obesity increases rapidly. This research first broke through the impact of basketball on improving physical health and then designed experiments separately. The experiment is divided into two experimental groups and a replacement group, with 150 people in total, 50 people per group, excluding the interference of gender, age, and other factors. The influencing factors are studied under the monitoring of the Internet of Things technology. One group had 8 weeks of basketball training, and the other group had 8 weeks of plant diet. The results showed that the average weight of the nutrition intervention group was reduced by 9.85 kg, and the average weight of the exercise intervention group was reduced by 7.64 kg. The percentage of body fat and blood lipid composition of the obese people have decreased, which indicates that the combination of basketball intervention under the monitoring of the Internet of Things technology can improve the physique of obese people.

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy has been on the rise globally, leading to increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A diagnosis of GDM often leads to pregnancy and infant-related complications. Regular exercise may have the potential to prevent GDM. However, evidence surrounding the utility of exercise during pregnancy as an effective risk reduction intervention has been mixed. This clinical inquiry examined the role of regular exercise during pregnancy in preventing GDM in both obese and normal-weight women and analyzed specific aspects of exercise that make it an effective preventive measure. The review of evidence included 3 meta-analyses, 3 systematic reviews, and 1 umbrella review. Findings identified several components of an exercise program that can reduce GDM risk. Specifically, an exercise intervention of 40- to 60-minute sessions 3 times per week beginning as early as possible during pregnancy and continuing with good adherence over the course of pregnancy yielded clinically significant results. Adhering to a similar exercise routine before pregnancy also was shown to be protective against GDM for all women, but especially so for women who are overweight or obese.

Introduction: Physical exercise is an important component of managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). miRNAs can be modulated by exercise intervention. Objective: The study explored the involvement and potential mechanism of miR-192-5p in the protective effect of physical exercise on AD. Methods: Ninety AD patients were enrolled, in which 45 cases accepted cycling training for continuous 3 months. The expression changes of miR-192-5p before and after exercise were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. 8-month-old APP/PS1 double Tg mice were used as the AD animal model. Mice in the voluntary exercise (VE) group received VE for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to calculate the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results: AD patients showed elevated MMSE scores, decreased ADAS-cog and NPI-Q scores after 3 months of exercise. miR-192-5p was downregulated in the serum of AD patients and correlated with the levels of MMSE score, ADAS-cog, and NPI-Q score. A positive association was detected between serum miR-192-5p with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. MiR-192-5p is downregulated in the hippocampus tissues of mice after VE. Overexpression of miR-192-5p reversed the neuroprotective effect of exercise on AD in mice and promoted the inflammatory response of AD mice. Conclusion: MiR-192-5p can be modulated by the exercise intervention and involved in the protective effect of exercise on AD.

Exercise is described to provoke enhancements of cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). However, a high inter-individual variability in training responses has been observed. This analysis investigates response heterogeneity in cardiorespiratory fitness following high intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) and analyzes potential predictors of cardiorespiratory training effects in pwMS. 131 pwMS performed HIIT or MCT 3–5x/ week on a cycle ergometer for three weeks. Individual responses were classified. Finally, a multiple linear regression was conducted to examine potential associations between changes of absolute peak oxygen consumption (absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg), training modality and participant’s characteristics. Results show a time and interaction effect for ∆V̇O2peak/kg. Absolute changes of cardiorespiratory responses were larger and the non-response proportions smaller in HIIT vs. MCT. The model accounting for 8.6% of the variance of ∆V̇O2peak/kg suggests that HIIT, younger age and lower baseline fitness predict a higher absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg following an exercise intervention. Thus, this work implements a novel approach that investigates potential determinants of cardiorespiratory response heterogeneity within a clinical setting and analyzes a remarkable bigger sample. Further predictors need to be identified to increase the knowledge about response heterogeneity, thereby supporting the development of individualized training recommendations for pwMS.