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Scholarly publications are key to the transfer of knowledge from scholars to others. However, research papers are information-dense, and as the volume of the scientific literature grows, the need for new technology to support the reading process grows. In contrast to the process of finding papers, which has been transformed by Internet technology, the experience of reading research papers has changed little in decades. The PDF format for sharing research papers is widely used due to its portability, but it has significant downsides including: static content, poor accessibility for low-vision readers, and difficulty reading on mobile devices. This paper explores the question "Can recent advances in AI and HCI power intelligent, interactive, and accessible reading interfaces -- even for legacy PDFs?" We describe the Semantic Reader Project, a collaborative effort across multiple institutions to explore automatic creation of dynamic reading interfaces for research papers. Through this project, we've developed ten research prototype interfaces and conducted usability studies with more than 300 participants and real-world users showing improved reading experiences for scholars. We've also released a production reading interface for research papers that will incorporate the best features as they mature. We structure this paper around challenges scholars and the public face when reading research papers -- Discovery, Efficiency, Comprehension, Synthesis, and Accessibility -- and present an overview of our progress and remaining open challenges.

This paper will look at the rich narratives of a young Belarusian professional, Aleksandra, collected in audio and video narratives and interviews since the autumn and winter 2020-2021. By looking in detail at Aleksandra’s experiences of the 2020 movement for democracy in Belarus, the paper will try to illuminate the work done by Aleksandra to give sense to her self-narrative, and to locate the voice she has been looking for and may have found. Connecting the usual micro interactions of conversation-like talk to the complex spaces of political and social relations, biographical narratives constructed in this kind of interview talk become an important lens through which the ongoing construction of individual/social identities and the realignment of individual meaning--making in times of harsh biographical transition can be heard. Learning biographies, as narrative constructions, in which the layers of experience of a (being) lived life are drawn upon as resources, are situated in, and create, personalised storied spaces. Learning biographies draw upon biographical knowledge, which is the prerequisite for biographical reflexion, i.e. being able to think your own biography through anew and form it anew. In times when demands on people come as sudden and difficult, this type of knowledge serves as crucial biographical competence. The paper will show that such times of conflict entail redefinition of self, the re-drafting of biographies, the urgent need to reinvent the self in relation to others. Discursive processes hearable in such biographic narratives involve the changes imposed by civil conflict on narrators’ own and on others’ words, on their very narrative resources, altering radically the very language hitherto used to describe themselves and the world. They involve, too, the confrontation of past layers of experience with a difficult, yet sometimes exhilarating present. The construction of narratives of hope and solidarity can be observed. Finally, the paper explores the possibility of identifying in the interviews heard here the crucial relationships between everyday lives, the experience found in a widening of everyday sites of biographical experience, learning, and narration., Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów/Adult Education Discourses, No. 23 (2022): DYSKURSY MŁODYCH ANDRAGOGÓW/ADULT EDUCATION DISCOURSES

General introduction and agenda for the 9th Special Interest Group on Next Generation Networking meeting of the GEANT Community Programme.

Popular education as a way to organise the process of learning and teaching has a long tradition around the world. Usually, it is taken for granted that popular education was born in Latin America in the 196os, with the primary representative of it being Paulo Reglus Neves Freire. In this chapter, I will explore the intellectual context that shapes the building of a different education. On the one hand, the theories, and practices of deschooling society. On the other, the building of a 'popular' knowledge through participatory research. I will also refer, very briefly, to methodologies, considering the dialogue as their central element. Finally, the chapter looks at two experiences that can be considered as exemplary of popular education.

What are the influences that govern how people view their worlds? What are the embedded values and practices that underpin the ways people think and act? Discourses We Live By approaches these questions through narrative research, in a process that uses words, images, activities or artefacts to ask people - either individually or collectively within social groupings - to examine, discuss, portray or otherwise make public their place in the world, their sense of belonging to (and identity within) the physical and cultural space they inhabit. This book is a rich and multifaceted collection of twenty-eight chapters that use varied lenses to examine the discourses that shape people’s lives. The contributors are themselves from many backgrounds - different academic disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, diverse professional practices and a range of countries and cultures. They represent a broad spectrum of age, status and outlook, and variously apply their research methods - but share a common interest in people, their lives, thoughts and actions. Gathering such eclectic experiences as those of student-teachers in Kenya, a released prisoner in Denmark, academics in Colombia, a group of migrants learning English, and gambling addiction support-workers in Italy, alongside more mainstream educational themes, the book presents a fascinating array of insights. Discourses We Live By will be essential reaoing for adult educators and practitioners, those involved with educational and professional practice, narrative researchers, and many sociologists. It will appeal to all who want to know how narratives shape the way we live and the way we talk about our lives. As with all Open Book publications, this entire book is available to read for free on the publisher’s website. Printed and digital editions, together with supplementary digital material, can also be found at www.openbookpublishers.com

Rob Evans offers excerpts from the story of a Kazakh girl who is trying to straddle two cultures but feels disloyal when criticizing her family’s actions. He uses Conversation Analysis (close listening and transcriptional devices) to catch and demonstrate nuanced meanings and sets these processes in a strong theoretical and methodological framework.

Examples of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers, groundwater dominated coastal ecosystems, and the use of offshore freshened groundwater as a potential resource for coastal communities highlight the intimate relationship between groundwater, oceans, and society. Hence, understanding the mechanisms controlling salinity distributions along coastal zones, and particularly across the coastline to the offshore domain is not only important from a resource perspective, but also invaluable for protecting terrestrial groundwater reserves and coastal ecosystems from induced seawater intrusion and land subsidence. In terrestrial groundwater studies, the use of electromagnetic methods has proven effective on various spatial scales. As electromagnetic signals are sensitive to variations in pore fluid salinity patterns, several ground-based and airborne methods have been applied to understand the onshore component of coastal aquifer systems. However, due to a loss of sensitivity in the offshore domain caused in part by the masking effect of the conductive seawater, these inductively-coupled methodologies are rather ineffective in mapping groundwater pathways across the shoreline into the marine domain. Here, galvanically-coupled controlled-source electromagnetic applications, in both time- and frequency domain, have demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity for delineating sub-seafloor pore fluid freshening in various geological settings, including siliciclastic Continental shelves (USA, New Zealand), carbonate margins (Israel, Malta), or volcanic Islands (Hawaii). This talk will present an overview of recent controlled-source electromagnetic applications and discuss future developments needed for detecting, investigating, and monitoring groundwater dynamics in coastal regions to assess the resource potential of offshore groundwater and to help safe-guard terrestrial groundwater reserves in coastal regions.

Low-salinity submarine groundwater contained within continental shelves is a global phenomenon. Mechanisms for emplacing offshore groundwater include glacial processes that drove water into exposed continental shelves during sea-level low stands and active connections to onshore hydrologic systems. While low-salinity groundwater is thought to be abundant, its distribution and volume worldwide is poorly understood due to the limited number of observations. Here we image laterally continuous aquifers extending 90 km offshore New Jersey and Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, on the U.S. Atlantic margin using new shallow water electromagnetic geophysical methods. Our data provide more continuous constraints on offshore groundwater than previous models and present evidence for a connection between the modern onshore hydrologic system and offshore aquifers. We identify clinoforms as a previously unknown structural control on the lateral extent of low-salinity groundwater and potentially a control on where low-salinity water rises into the seafloor. Our data suggest a continuous submarine aquifer system spans at least 350 km of the U.S. Atlantic coast and contains about 2800 km3 of low-salinity groundwater. Our findings can be used to improve models of past glacial, eustatic, tectonic, and geomorphic processes on continental shelves and provide insight into shelf geochemistry, biogeochemical cycles, and the deep biosphere.

11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, In this empirically-driven research, multibeam backscatter angular response analysis is presented, together with shallow electromagnetic data and groundtruthing, to examine its suitability as a proxy for sediment characterisation. Backscatter angular curves extracted from Kongsberg EM1002 sonar (95-98 kHz), acquired in the Malin Basin to the northwest of Ireland, have been selected as a case study. Standard angular backscatter features and newly derived curvature features are examined and cross compared. Exhaustive statistical analysis has been performed on the data to elucidate the complex relationship between multibeam backscatter and sediment properties. Subtle subsurface sediment property gradients across the basin identified by the conductivity system are also captured by the newly derived backscatter features. The results reveal that Near-range backscatter is better suited for subsurface sediment characterisation in soft, fine-grained sediments than far-range. Furthermore, the analysis has constrained the optimum interval for such characterisation to in-between 4° and 16° for the parameters of this study. A number of shape features (slope, first derivative, second derivative and Fourier-smoothed least-squares-fitted curvature) have been examined, and their suitability discussed, in terms of sediment characterisation and, in particular, as potential proxies for delineating the boundary between sand- or silt-dominated sediment facies. Nonetheless, curvature features are found to be independent from average angular backscatter response, but outperform both first and second derivatives when correlating with conductivity in the central part of this case-study with fine-grained homogeneous sediments, We wish to thank the Geological Survey of Ireland, the Integrated Mapping For the Sustainable Development of Ireland’s Marine Resources (INFOMAR) programme, the Petroleum Affairs Division (Ireland) and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies for funding this study. Research presented in this paper is supported by a Strategic Research Cluster grant (07/SRC/I1168) – StratAG, awarded to the National Centre of Geocomputation by Science Foundation Ireland under the National Development Plan. The survey data utilized in the research has been co-funded by the Geological Survey of Ireland and the Offshore Irish Petroleum Infrastructure Programme (PIP; Ref. No: IS05/16 Malin Basin EM)

In this paper, we propose a new metric which measures the distance between two finite sets of tracks (a track is a path of either a real or estimated target). This metric is based on the same principle as the Optimal Subpattern Assignment (OSPA) metric devised by Schuhmacher et al. Importantly however, the new metric measures the distance between two finite sets of tracks whereas the OSPA metric measures the distance between two finite sets of target states. By also considering the properties of false tracks, missed tracks and many tracks assigned to one track situations caused by missed detections and false alarms, the minimization of all distances between tracks across two finite sets of tracks employed by the new OSPAMT metric enables performance evaluation of multi-target tracking (MTT) algorithms in a more comprehensive and accurate manner than existing metrics such as the OSPA metric and the enhanced OSPAT metric introduced by Ristic et al which measures the distance between two finite sets of labeled target states.

Vast quantities ( > 100,000 cubic kilometers) of freshwater are sequestered within continental shelf clastic and limestone formations around the world up to 100 km offshore. We hypothesize that evolving stratigraphy, dynamically changing bathymetry, and sea level fluctuations during the Pleistocene have had an important impact on the distribution of offshore freshwater. Sediment deposition and the stratigraphic evolution of continental shelf deposits are controlled by a variety of tectonic, climate, and geomorphic processes. We illustrate the importance of these coupled processes on fresh water sequestration by presenting results from a simple numerical experiment in which we have reconstructed the stratigraphic and sedimentological evolution of offshore New Jersey, USA over the past 5 million years., peer-reviewed

Mesoporous silicas have found widespread application within the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Acid functionalization of such materials, through one-pot or postsynthetic grafting of sulfonic acid groups, imparts activity for fatty acid esterification, with the studious choice of pore geometry facilitating significant rate enhancements. Diffusion NMR has been utilized for the first time to characterize the structure of mesoporous silicas through the transport behavior of systematically related carboxylic acids confined within their mesopore networks. A reduced diffusion coefficient is obtained for species constrained within the 3-dimensional interconnected pores of KIT-6 relative to the 2-dimensional noninterconnected pore channels of SBA-15. The effective tortuosity of both porous silicas increases with the acid chain length, with the diffusion behavior of long-chain acids dominated by the alkyl chain and silica architecture. Carboxylic acid diffusion within these two pore networks is unlikely to be rate-limiting in catalytic esterification over sulfonic acid silica analogues. Physicochemical insights from diffusion NMR will aid the future design of optimal silica architectures for catalytic applications.

Background: Foot surgery is common in patients with RA but research into surgical outcomes is limited and conceptually flawed as current outcome measures lack face validity: to date no one has asked patients what is important to them. This study aimed to determine which factors are important to patients when evaluating the success of foot surgery in RA Methods: Semi structured interviews of RA patients who had undergone foot surgery were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted to explore issues that were important to patients. Results: 11 RA patients (9 ♂, mean age 59, dis dur = 22yrs, mean of 3 yrs post op) with mixed experiences of foot surgery were interviewed. Patients interpreted outcome in respect to a multitude of factors, frequently positive change in one aspect contrasted with negative opinions about another. Overall, four major themes emerged. Function: Functional ability & participation in valued activities were very important to patients. Walking ability was a key concern but patients interpreted levels of activity in light of other aspects of their disease, reflecting on change in functional ability more than overall level. Positive feelings of improved mobility were often moderated by negative self perception ("I mean, I still walk like a waddling duck”). Appearance: Appearance was important to almost all patients but perhaps the most complex theme of all. Physical appearance, foot shape, and footwear were closely interlinked, yet patients saw these as distinct separate concepts. Patients need to legitimize these feelings was clear and they frequently entered into a defensive repertoire ("it's not cosmetic surgery; it's something that's more important than that, you know?”). Clinician opinion: Surgeons' post operative evaluation of the procedure was very influential. The impact of this appraisal continued to affect patients' lasting impression irrespective of how the outcome compared to their initial goals ("when he'd done it ... he said that hasn't worked as good as he'd wanted to ... but the pain has gone”). Pain: Whilst pain was important to almost all patients, it appeared to be less important than the other themes. Pain was predominately raised when it influenced other themes, such as function; many still felt the need to legitimize their foot pain in order for health professionals to take it seriously ("in the end I went to my GP because it had happened a few times and I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who was quite dismissive of it, it was like what are you complaining about”). Conclusions: Patients interpret the outcome of foot surgery using a multitude of interrelated factors, particularly functional ability, appearance and surgeons' appraisal of the procedure. While pain was often noted, this appeared less important than other factors in the overall outcome of the surgery. Future research into foot surgery should incorporate the complexity of how patients determine their outcome Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest

16TH SEISMIX International Symposium on Multi-scale Seismic Imaging of the Earth's crust and Upper Mantle, 12-17 October 2014, Castelldefels, Barcelona.-- 1 page, During the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS) in 2003, a gas related pockmark field was discovered and extensively mapped in the Malin Shelf region (NW Ireland). In summer 2006, additional complementary data involving core sample analysis, multibeam and single-beam backscatter classification, and a marine controlled-source electromagnetic survey were obtained in specific locations. This multidisciplinary approach allowed us to map the upper 20 m of the seabed in an unprecedented way and to correlate the main geophysical parameters with the geological properties of the seabed. The EM data provide us with information about sediment conductivity, which can be used as a proxy for porosity and also to identify the presence of fluid and fluid migration pathways. We conclude that, as a whole, the central part of the Malin basin is characterized by higher conductivities, which we interpret as a lithological change. Within the basin several areas are characterized by conductive anomalies associated with fluid flow processes and potentially the presence of microbial activity, as suggested by previous work. Pockmark structures show a characteristic electrical signature, with high-conductivity anomalies on the edges and less conductive, homogeneous interiors with several high-conductivity anomalies, potentially associated with gas-driven microbial activity

Traducción del inglés: Julia González-Calderón, Universidad de Sevilla (España). Revisión técnica de la traducción: José González-Monteagudo, Universidad de Sevilla (España). Este artículo pretende explorar las transformaciones contemporáneas en los caminos de vida y las nuevas formas de agencia humana que se demanda a los adultos que disponen de recursos muy desiguales. Para ello, vamos a considerar las expresiones de agencia desarrolladas en narraciones biográficas de aprendizaje relacionadas con movimientos individuales entre la pertenencia y la exclusión. This paper wishes to explore contemporary transformations in life paths and the new forms of human agency that they demand of adults who have very unequal resources at their disposal. This paper will consider expressions of agency developed in biographical narratives of learning related by individuals moving between belonging and exclusion.

Seismic velocity is a function of bulk vibrational properties of the media, whereas electrical resistivity is most often a function of transport properties of an interconnected minor phase. In the absence of a minor conducting phase then the two should be inter-relatable primarily due to their sensitivity to temperature variation. We develop expressions between shear wave velocity and resistivity for varying temperature, composition, and water content based on knowledge from two kimberlite fields: Jagersfontein (Kaapvaal Craton) and Gibeon (Rehoboth Terrane). We test the expressions through comparison between a new high-resolution regional seismic model, derived from surface wave inversion of earthquake data from Africa and the surrounding regions, and a new electrical image from magnetotelluric (MT) data recorded in SAMTEX (Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment). The data-defined robust linear regression between the two is found to be statistically identical to the laboratory-defined expression for 40 wt ppm water in olivine. Cluster analysis defines five clusters that are all geographically distinct and tectonically relate to (i) fast, cold, and variably wet Kaapvaal Craton, (ii) fast and wet central Botswana, (iii) slow, warm, and wet Rehoboth Terrane, (iv) moderately fast, cold, and very dry southernmost Angola Craton, and (v) slow, warm, and somewhat dry Damara Belt. From the linear regression expression and the MT image we obtain predicted seismic velocity at 100 km and compare it with that from seismic observations. The differences between the two demonstrate that the linear relationship between Vs and resistivity is appropriate for over 80% of Southern Africa.

AAPG European Regional Conference & Exhibition. Exploring The Mediterranean: New Concepts In An Ancient Seaway, 8-10 April 2013, Barcelona, Spain, On the Western edge of the Mediterranean, the slow convergence of the Iberian and African plates is marked by very intricate tectonic activity, marked by a combination of small-scale subduction and sub-lithospheric downwelling. Delamination or convective instability has also been proposed to have occurred beneath this domain during the past 25 My. And different geodynamic models have been proposed to explain the lithospheric structure of the arc-shaped belt (Betic and Rif orogenies) and the opening of the Alboran Basin. As part of several international projects carried out in this area, magnetotelluric (MT) methods have been used to explore the crust and upper mantle. We present results of electromagnetic studies in the Western Mediterranean, focusing specially in the recently work on the Alboran sea as part of a marine MT survey. Land MT studies have already imaged an area of low resistivity coincident with an area of low velocities without earthquake hypocenters, interpreted as asthenospheric material intruded by the lateral lithospheric tearing and breaking-off of the east-directed subducting Ligurian slab under the Alboran Domain. The marine data show complex MT response functions with strong distortion due to seafloor topography and coast effect, suggesting a fairly resistive lithosphere beneath the seafloor. The 3D marine MT inversion model shows an anomalous conductive slab towards the Eastern Alboran basin, suggesting a possible hydration of mantle material from an Eastward subducting slab. Both the land and marine MT data suggest that the most likely scenario for the opening of the Alboran Basin is related to the westward rollback of the Ligurian subducting slab

The Deep-sea & Sub-Seafloor Frontiers Conference project (DS3F), 11-14 March 2012, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, Background and Aims: During the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS) in 2003, a gas related pockmark field was discovered and extensively mapped in the Malin Shelf region (NW Ireland). In summer 2006 additional complementary data were acquired in specific locations in the area. Objective: To study near-seabed composition, pathways and presence of gas by using an approach on the basis of shallow EM data, high frequency acoustics and short sediment cores in a known shallow gas bearing area. The combination of these various methods have enabled us correlate the main geophysical signatures and some geological properties of the seabed, providing a unique tool for geohazard identification, multibeam seabed characterization, fluid flow migration paths and sediment porosity. Methods: The multidisciplinary approach consisted in core sample analysis, multibeam and single-beam backscatter classification, and a marine controlled-source electromagnetic survey. Results: The results from the EM survey have been plotted in terms of conductivity and have been integrated in GIS software with other geological and geochemical information for interpretation. The maps of conductivities of the upper 20 m of the sub- seafloor show a high sensitivity to the presence of gas in sediments. At a regional scale, areas with gas charged sediments show a decrease in conductivity, this correlates well with gas related echo-facies (SBP). Although there are areas in which gas echo-facies correlates with high conductivities and we have associated this to the presence of microbial activity feeding on methane. The crossings of the EM instrument over the pockmarks show a very distinctive pattern that shows clearly how most gas escapes along the walls of the pockmarks. The analysis in terms of porosities of the conductivity data (using Archie¿s law) shows well-connected, lower-permeability fluid distribution sediments for the central area of the Malin basin. Conclusions: Good correlation of EM anomalies and gas echo-facies. Increase of conductivity towards the center of the basin, with good layering, corresponding to changes in sediment grain. Areas of positive conductivity anomalies, enhanced reflectivity in SBES and an increase of sandy fraction have been interpreted as indicators of presence of microbial activity, which cause an increase of redox reactions with a release of anions and cations, and therefore an increase of electrical conductivity. Pockmarks have a distinct signature, with a drop of conductivity in the center (gas) and a sharp increase on the walls, interpreted as favored expulsion paths and increased presence of microbial activity.

18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables., Marine pockmarks are a specific type of seabed geological setting resembling craters or pits and are considered seabed surface expressions of fluid flow in the subsurface. A large composite pockmark on the Malin Shelf, off the northern coast of Ireland was surveyed and ground truthed to assess its activity and investigate fluid related processes in the subsurface. Geophysical (including acoustic and electromagnetic) data confirmed the subsurface presence of signatures typical of fluids within the sediment. Shallow seismic profiling revealed a large shallow gas pocket and typical gas related indicators such as acoustic blanking and enhanced reflectors present underneath and around the large pockmark. Sulphate profiles indicate that gas from the shallow reservoir has been migrating upwards, at least recently. However, there are no chimney structures observed in the sub-bottom data and the migration pathways are not apparent. Electromagnetic data show slightly elevated electrical conductivity on the edges of the pockmarks and a drop below regional levels within the confines of the pockmark, suggesting changes in physical properties of the sediment. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments were employed to characterize the organic component of sediments from selected depths. Very strong microbial signatures were evident in all NMR spectra but microbes outside the pockmark appear to be much more active than inside. These observations coincide with spikes in conductivity and the lateral gas bearing body suggesting that there is an increase in microbial activity and biomass when gas is present.

Measurements of electrical conductivity of “slightly damp” mantle minerals from different laboratories are inconsistent, requiring geophysicists to make choices between them when interpreting their electrical observations. These choices lead to dramatically different conclusions about the amount of water in the mantle, resulting in conflicting conclusions regarding rheological conditions; this impacts on our understanding of mantle convection, among other processes. To attempt to reconcile these differences, we test the laboratory-derived proton conduction models by choosing the simplest petrological scenario possible – cratonic lithosphere – from two locations in southern Africa where we have the most complete knowledge. We compare and contrast the models with field observations of electrical conductivity and of the amount of water in olivine and show that none of the models for proton conduction in olivine proposed by three laboratories are consistent with the field observations. We derive statistically model parameters of the general proton conduction equation that satisfy the observations. The pre-exponent dry proton conduction term (σ0) and the activation enthalpy (ΔHwet) are derived with tight bounds, and are both within the broader 2σ errors of the different laboratory measurements. The two other terms used by the experimentalists, one to describe proton hopping (exponent r on pre-exponent water content Cw) and the other to describe H2O concentration-dependent activation enthalpy (term αCw1/3 added to the activation energy), are less well defined and further field geophysical and petrological observations are required, especially in regions of higher temperature and higher water content.

European Geosciences Union General Assembly 22-27 April 2012, Vienna, Austria.-- 1 page, On the Western edge of the Mediterranean, the slow convergence of the Iberian and African plates is marked by very intricate tectonic activity, marked by a combination of small-scale subduction and sub-lithospheric downwelling. Delamination or convective instability has also been proposed to have occurred beneath this domain during the past 25 My. And different geodynamic models have been proposed to explain the lithospheric structure of the arc-shaped belt (Betic and Rif orogenies) and the opening of the Alboran Basin. As part of several international projects carried out in this area, magnetotelluric (MT) methods have been used to explore the crust and upper mantle. The measurements of mantle electrical conductivity are a well known complement to measurements of seismic velocity. Conductivity is sensitive to temperature, composition and hydration of the mantle, and therefore MT is widely used to provide constraints on mantle processes. We present results of electromagnetic studies in the Western Mediterranean, focusing specially in the recently work on the Alboran sea as part of a marine MT survey. Land MT studies have already imaged an area of low resistivity coincident with an area of low velocities without earthquake hypocenters, interpreted as asthenospheric material intruded by the lateral lithospheric tearing and breaking-off of the east-directed subducting Ligurian slab under the Alboran Domain. The marine data show complex MT response functions with strong distortion due to seafloor topography and coast effect, suggesting a fairly resistive lithosphere beneath the seafloor. The marine MT data also shows an anomalous conductive slab towards the Eastern Alboran basin, suggesting a possible hydration of mantle material from an Eastward subducting slab. Both the land and marine MT data suggest that the most likely scenario for the opening of the Alboran Basin is related to the westward rollback of the Ligurian subducting slab.

International audience; A short seafloor electromagnetic profile across part of the Kane Oceanic Core Complex shows a large variation in seafloor electrical properties (uppermost 30m) with a sharp transition from conductive to resistive seafloor over a distance of less than 350m. The transition is in a location consistent with a sharp, but deeper, lateral gradient in seismic velocity, inferred to mark a transition from serpentinized peridotite to either gabbro or pristine mantle rocks, and is close to a mapped outcrop of serpentinized peridotites. We relate this variability in shallow structure primarily to changes in porosity related to composition.

This paper argues a model of open systems evolution based on evolutionary thermodynamics and complex system science, as a design paradigm for sustainable architecture. The mechanism of open system evolution is specified in mathematical simulations and theoretical discourses. According to the mechanism, the authors propose an intelligent building model of sustainable design by a holistic information system of the end-users, the building and nature. This information system is used to control the consumption of energy and material resources in building system at microscopic scale, to adapt the environmental performance of the building system to the natural environment at macroscopic scale, for an evolutionary emergence of sustainable performance of buildings.

First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology., Plain Language Summary: This review paper considers offshore freshened groundwater (OFG), which is water hosted in sediments and rocks below the seafloor, with a total dissolved solid concentration lower than seawater. We have compiled >300 records to demonstrate that freshened groundwater occurs offshore on most continents around the world and has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3. The majority of OFG was deposited when sea level was lower than today and is hosted in sandy sub‐seafloor layers that are located within 55 km of coasts in water depths less than 100 m. We present a range of geochemical, geophysical, and modeling approaches that have successfully been used to investigate OFG systems. We also propose approaches to address key scientific questions related to OFG, including whether it may be used as an unconventional source of potable water in coastal areas., Key Points: Most known OFG is located at water depths of, EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663, National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001

Reviews of geophysics 59(1), 1-54 (2021). doi:10.1029/2020RG000706, Published by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ

“Comunicação intercultural e mediação nas sociedades contemporâneas é o título deste número especial da revista Comunicação e Sociedade que resulta de uma seleção de textos submetidos e apresentados no II Congresso Internacional de Mediação Social, realizado na Universidade do Minho em abril de 2018 sob o tema ‘A Europa como espaço de diálogo intercultural e de mediação’.” [Nota Introdutória], “Intercultural communication and mediation in contemporary societies is the title of this special issue of the Comunicação e Sociedade journal that resulted from a selection of texts submitted to and presented during the Second International Congress on Social Mediation held in the University of Minho in April 2018 with the theme: ‘Europe as a space of intercultural dialogue and mediation’.” [Editorial Introduction], Financiado pela FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, no âmbito do projeto: UID/CCI/00736/2019., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper draws upon a study of women’s education to consider how a ‘recall methodology’ was developed and modified before, beside and after the data collection, which relied upon informal conversational interviews. Using the same framework, the researcher reflects upon the philosophical issues that arose during the research process as she struggled to balance criticality and realism, acceptance and intervention within the narrative process. The linguistic devices used to highlight meanings in the text are presented with examples and the paper ends by examining how embedded stories offer an additional lens for analysis, moving beyond the narrative itself.

First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology., Plain Language Summary: This review paper considers offshore freshened groundwater (OFG), which is water hosted in sediments and rocks below the seafloor, with a total dissolved solid concentration lower than seawater. We have compiled >300 records to demonstrate that freshened groundwater occurs offshore on most continents around the world and has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3. The majority of OFG was deposited when sea level was lower than today and is hosted in sandy sub‐seafloor layers that are located within 55 km of coasts in water depths less than 100 m. We present a range of geochemical, geophysical, and modeling approaches that have successfully been used to investigate OFG systems. We also propose approaches to address key scientific questions related to OFG, including whether it may be used as an unconventional source of potable water in coastal areas., Key Points: Most known OFG is located at water depths of, EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663, National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001