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BACKGROUND: There is limited data on the adult repair of pectus excavatum (PE). Existing literature is largely limited to single institution experiences and suggests that adults undergoing modified Nuss repair may have worse outcomes than pediatric and adolescent patients. Using a representative national database, this analysis is the first to describe trends in demographics, outcomes, charges, and facility volume for adults undergoing modified Nuss procedure. METHODS: Because of a coding change associated with ICD-10, a retrospective cohort analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients 12 or older undergoing modified Nuss repair between 2016–2018 was possible. Pearson’s χ(2) and Student’s t-tests were utilized to compare patient, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Complications were sub-classified into major and minor categories. Facilities performing greater than the mean number of operations were categorized as high-volume. RESULTS: Of 360 patients, 79.2% were male. There was near gender parity for patients over 30 undergoing repair (55.2% male, 44.8% female). In all age cohorts, patients were predominantly Caucasian. Rates of any postoperative complication differed by age (12–17 years: 30.6%; 18–29 years: 45.2%; 30+ years: 62.1%; P

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-gut-10.1177_26345161221091205 for Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair? by Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Darshak Thosani, Uzma Rahman, Stephanie G. Worrell, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olugbenga T. Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-pptx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161221137089 for The Epidemiology of Surgically Managed Hiatal Hernia: A Nine Year Review of National Trends by Brian M. Till, Shale J. Mack, Gregory Whitehorn, Micaela Langille Collins, Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olubenga Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161221137089 for The Epidemiology of Surgically Managed Hiatal Hernia: A Nine Year Review of National Trends by Brian M. Till, Shale J. Mack, Gregory Whitehorn, Micaela Langille Collins, Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olubenga Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-pptx-3-gut-10.1177_26345161221091205 for Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair? by Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Darshak Thosani, Uzma Rahman, Stephanie G. Worrell, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olugbenga T. Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-gut-10.1177_26345161221091205 for Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair? by Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Darshak Thosani, Uzma Rahman, Stephanie G. Worrell, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olugbenga T. Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161221091205 for Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair? by Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Darshak Thosani, Uzma Rahman, Stephanie G. Worrell, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olugbenga T. Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-gut-10.1177_26345161221091205 for Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair? by Shale J. Mack, Brian M. Till, Darshak Thosani, Uzma Rahman, Stephanie G. Worrell, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans and Olugbenga T. Okusanya in Foregut: The Journal of the American Foregut Society

The research leading to these results was carried out under the AAL Programme under project number AAL-2019-6-168-CP with funding by the European Union and the national funding agencies from the Netherlands, Portugal, and Switzerland: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), and Innosuisse – Swiss Innovation Agency. DELA Nature- En Levensverzekerigen NV is represented in the project by Caroline Smeets and Ilse Pullens. Background: Loss of a spouse is a frequent occurrence in later life. While most older adults successfully process this loss and will return to a normal life, about 10% of the individuals are unable to cope, and progress to prolonged grief (PG). PG, in turn, can result in mental and physical problems including poor sleep, cardiovascular problems, depression, and suicidal tendencies. Objective: LEAVES (optimizing the mentaL health and resiliencE of older Adults that haVe lost thEir spouSe via blended, online therapy) is an online bereavement program that will support the prevention and treatment of PG, so that elderly mourners can continue to lead an active, meaningful, and dignified life. LEAVES will cater to secondary end users (eg, family, informal caregivers) by reducing stress. Methods: LEAVES will help older adults to process the loss of a spouse in an online environment, which consists of (1) an existing online grief self-help program LIVIA, (2) the Before You Leave program that allows for storing personal memories, (3) a virtual agent platform, and (4) an accessible front-end design. LEAVES can detect persons at risk for complications, reveal negative trends in their emotional life, and act to counter such trends. The service relies on online support whenever possible but is blended with telephone or face-to-face counseling when necessary. Results: The project will take place between February 2020 and January 2023 and includes a real-life evaluation in which 315 end users will use the service across 3 countries (the Netherlands, Portugal, and Switzerland). The evaluation of LEAVES will focus on clinical effect, its business case, and technology acceptance. The results will pave the way for smooth integration into existing care paths and reimbursement schemes. Conclusions: The LEAVES service aims to soften the mourning process, prevents depression or social isolation, strengthens widow(er)s resilience and well-being, and quickens one's return to societal participation. other published

Additional file 2 Table S2. Baseline Lung-RADS Score by Race

Additional file 1 Table S1. LCSP Patient Insurance Status by Race

This report summarizes the discussions and findings of the Workshop on Intelligent Autonomous Agents for Cyber Defence and Resilience organized by the NATO research group IST-152-RTG. The workshop was held in Prague, Czech Republic, on 18-20 October 2017. There is a growing recognition that future cyber defense should involve extensive use of partially autonomous agents that actively patrol the friendly network, and detect and react to hostile activities rapidly (far faster than human reaction time), before the hostile malware is able to inflict major damage, evade friendly agents, or destroy friendly agents. This requires cyber-defense agents with a significant degree of intelligence, autonomy, self-learning, and adaptability. The report focuses on the following questions: In what computing and tactical environments would such an agent operate? What data would be available for the agent to observe or ingest? What actions would the agent be able to take? How would such an agent plan a complex course of actions? Would the agent learn from its experiences, and how? How would the agent collaborate with humans? How can we ensure that the agent will not take undesirable destructive actions? Is it possible to help envision such an agent with a simple example?

This report summarizes the discussions and findings of the 2017 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Workshop, IST-153, on Cyber Resilience, held in Munich, Germany, on 23-25 October 2017, at the University of Bundeswehr. Despite continual progress in managing risks in the cyber domain, anticipation and prevention of all possible attacks and malfunctions are not feasible for the current or future systems comprising the cyber infrastructure. Therefore, interest in cyber resilience (as opposed to merely risk-based approaches) is increasing rapidly, in literature and in practice. Unlike concepts of risk or robustness - which are often and incorrectly conflated with resilience - resiliency refers to the system's ability to recover or regenerate its performance to a sufficient level after an unexpected impact produces a degradation of its performance. The exact relation among resilience, risk, and robustness has not been well articulated technically. The presentations and discussions at the workshop yielded this report. It focuses on the following topics that the participants of the workshop saw as particularly important: fundamental properties of cyber resilience; approaches to measuring and modeling cyber resilience; mission modeling for cyber resilience; systems engineering for cyber resilience, and dynamic defense as a path toward cyber resilience.

This report summarizes the discussions and findings of the 2017 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Workshop, IST153, on Cyber Resilience, held in Munich, Germany, on 23–25 October 2017, at the University of Bundeswehr. Despite continual progress in managing risks in the cyber domain, anticipation and prevention of all possible attacks and malfunctions are not feasible for the current or future systems comprising the cyber infrastructure. Therefore, interest in cyber resilience (as opposed to merely risk-based approaches) is increasing rapidly, in literature and in practice. Unlike concepts of risk or robustness—which are often and incorrectly conflated with resilience—resiliency refers to the system’s ability to recover or regenerate its performance to a sufficient level after an unexpected impact produces a degradation of its performance. The exact relation among resilience, risk, and robustness has not been well articulated technically. The presentations and discussions at the workshop yielded this report. It focuses on the following topics that the participants of the workshop saw as particularly important: 1) fundamental properties of cyber resilience, 2) approaches to measuring and modeling cyber resilience, 3) mission modeling for cyber resilience, 4) systems engineering for cyber resilience, and 5) dynamic defense as a path toward cyber resilience.