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1. Guiding restoration of riparian ecosystems degraded by plant invasions: Insights from a complex social-ecological system in the Global South

Author

du Plessis, Nicola S., Rebelo, Alanna J., Richardson, David M., and Esler, Karen J.

Subjects
Ecology, Social-ecological systems, Rehabilitation, Geography, Planning and Development, Agriculture, General Medicine, Plants, Trees, Stakeholder perceptions, Rivers, Land use, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Biological invasions, Tree invasions, Ecosystem, Research Article
Abstract

Restoring riparian ecosystems in human-dominated landscapes requires attention to complexity, and consideration of diverse drivers, social actors, and contexts. Addressing a Global North bias, this case study uses a mixed-method approach, integrating historical data, remote sensing techniques and stakeholder perceptions to guide restoration of a river in the Western Cape, South Africa. An analysis of aerial photographs of the riparian zone from 1953 to 2016 revealed that although anthropogenic land conversion happened primarily before the 1950s, several land use and land cover classes showed marked increases in area, including: waterbodies (+ 1074%), urban areas (+ 316%), alien weeds (+ 311%) and terrestrial alien trees (+ 79%). These changes have likely been driven by land fragmentation, disturbance, and agricultural intensification. Stakeholder interviews revealed that despite the clear need for restoration, several barriers exist to successful implementation; these stem from inadequate financial resources, inappropriate funding models, institutional challenges, and a lack of techno-scientific knowledge. We give several recommendations to overcome these barriers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01691-y.

Published
2021

2. Mechanistic reconciliation of community and invasion ecology

Author

Latombe, Guillaume, Richardson, David M., McGeoch, Melodie A., Altwegg, Res, Catford, Jane A., Chase, Jonathan M., Courchamp, Franck, Esler, Karen J., Jeschke, Jonathan M., Landi, Pietro, Measey, John, Midgley, Guy F., Minoarivelo, Henintsoa O., Rodger, James G., Hui, Cang, Université Paris-Saclay, University of Vienna [Vienna], Stellenbosch University, Monash University [Clayton], University of Cape Town, King‘s College London, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Freie Universität Berlin

Subjects
invasion ecology, model, lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, hypothesis, process, lcsh:Ecology, Synthesis & Integration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, theory, community ecology
Abstract

International audience; Community and invasion ecology have mostly grown independently. There is substantial overlap in the processes captured by different models in the two fields, and various frameworks have been developed to reduce this redundancy and synthesize information content. Despite broad recognition that community and invasion ecology are interconnected, a process-based framework synthesizing models across these two fields is lacking. Here we review 65 representative community and invasion models and propose a common framework articulated around six processes (dispersal, drift, abiotic interactions, within-guild interactions, cross-guild interactions, and genetic changes). The framework is designed to synthesize the content of the two fields, provide a general perspective on their development, and enable their comparison. The application of this framework and of a novel method based on network theory reveals some lack of coherence between the two fields, despite some historical similarities. Community ecology models are characterized by combinations of multiple processes, likely reflecting the search for an overarching theory to explain community assembly and structure, drawing predominantly on interaction processes, but also accounting largely for the other processes. In contrast, most models in invasion ecology invoke fewer processes and focus more on interactions between introduced species and their novel biotic and abiotic environment. The historical dominance of interaction processes and their independent developments in the two fields is also reflected in the lower level of coherence for models involving interactions, compared to models involving dispersal, drift, and genetic changes. It appears that community ecology, with a longer history than invasion ecology, has transitioned from the search for single explanations for patterns observed in nature to investigate how processes may interact mechanistically, thereby generating and testing hypotheses. Our framework paves the way for a similar transition in invasion ecology, to better capture the dynamics of multiple alien species introduced in complex communities. Reciprocally, applying insights from invasion to community ecology will help us understand and predict the future of ecological communities in the Anthropocene, in which human activities are weakening species’ natural boundaries. Ultimately, the successful integration of the two fields could advance a predictive ecology that is urgently required in a rapidly changing world.

Published
2021

3. Mechanistic reconciliation of community and invasion ecology

Author

Latombe, Guillaume, Richardson, David M., McGeoch, Melodie A., Altwegg, Res, Catford, Jane A., Chase, Jonathan M., Courchamp, Franck, Esler, Karen J., Jeschke, Jonathan M., and Landi, Pietro

Subjects
invasion ecology, model, hypothesis, process, theory, community ecology
Abstract

Community and invasion ecology have mostly grown independently. There is substantial overlap in the processes captured by different models in the two fields, and various frameworks have been developed to reduce this redundancy and synthesize information content. Despite broad recognition that community and invasion ecology are interconnected, a process-based framework synthesizing models across these two fields is lacking. Here we review 65 representative community and invasion models and propose a common framework articulated around six processes (dispersal, drift, abiotic interactions, within-guild interactions, cross-guild interactions, and genetic changes). The framework is designed to synthesize the content of the two fields, provide a general perspective on their development, and enable their comparison. The application of this framework and of a novel method based on network theory reveals some lack of coherence between the two fields, despite some historical similarities. Community ecology models are characterized by combinations of multiple processes, likely reflecting the search for an overarching theory to explain community assembly and structure, drawing predominantly on interaction processes, but also accounting largely for the other processes. In contrast, most models in invasion ecology invoke fewer processes and focus more on interactions between introduced species and their novel biotic and abiotic environment. The historical dominance of interaction processes and their independent developments in the two fields is also reflected in the lower level of coherence for models involving interactions, compared to models involving dispersal, drift, and genetic changes. It appears that community ecology, with a longer history than invasion ecology, has transitioned from the search for single explanations for patterns observed in nature to investigate how processes may interact mechanistically, thereby generating and testing hypotheses. Our framework paves the way for a similar transition in invasion ecology, to better capture the dynamics of multiple alien species introduced in complex communities. Reciprocally, applying insights from invasion to community ecology will help us understand and predict the future of ecological communities in the Anthropocene, in which human activities are weakening species' natural boundaries. Ultimately, the successful integration of the two fields could advance a predictive ecology that is urgently required in a rapidly changing world.

Published
2021

4. Horizon scanning for South African biodiversity: A need for social engagement as well as science

Author

Seymour, Colleen L, Gillson, Lindsey, Child, Matthew F, Tolley, Krystal A, Curie, Jock C, da Silva, Jessica M, Alexander, Graham J, Anderson, Pippin, Downs, Colleen T, Egoh, Benis N, Ehlers Smith, David A, Ehlers Smith, Yvette C, Esler, Karen J, O'Farrell, Patrick J, Skowno, Andrew L, Suleman, Essa, and Veldtman, Ruan

Subjects
Future scenarios, Conservation of Natural Resources, South Africa, Ecology, Threats and opportunities, Biodiversity futures, Politics, Consensus and scientific knowledge, Biodiversity, Delphi approach, Step changes
Abstract

A horizon scan was conducted to identify emerging and intensifying issues for biodiversity conservation in South Africa over the next 5-10years. South African biodiversity experts submitted 63 issues of which ten were identified as priorities using the Delphi method. These priority issues were then plotted along axes of social agreement and scientific certainty, to ascertain whether issues might be "simple" (amenable to solutions from science alone), "complicated" (socially agreed upon but technically complicated), "complex" (scientifically challenging and significant levels of social disagreement) or "chaotic" (high social disagreement and highly scientifically challenging). Only three of the issues were likely to be resolved by improved science alone, while the remainder require engagement with social, economic and political factors. Fortunately, none of the issues were considered chaotic. Nevertheless, strategic communication, education and engagement with the populace and policy makers were considered vital for addressing emerging issues.

Published
2020

5. Priority questions for biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean biome: Heterogeneous perspectives across continents and stakeholders

Author

Moreira, Francisco Allsopp, Nicky Esler, Karen J. and Wardell-Johnson, Grant Ancillotto, Leonardo Arianoutsou, Margarita Clary, Jeffrey Brotons, Lluis Clavero, Miguel and Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G. Fagoaga, Raquel Fiedler, Peggy and Filipe, Ana F. Frankenberg, Eliezer Holmgren, Milena and Marquet, Pablo A. Martinez-Harms, Maria J. Martinoli, Adriano and Miller, Ben P. Olsvig-Whittaker, Linda Pliscoff, Patricio and Rundel, Phil Russo, Danilo Slingsby, Jasper A. Thompson, John Wardell-Johnson, Angela Beja, Pedro

Abstract

The identification of research questions with high relevance for biodiversity conservation is an important step towards designing more effective policies and management actions, and to better allocate funding among alternative conservation options. However, the identification of priority questions may be influenced by regional differences in biodiversity threats and social contexts, and to variations in the perceptions and interests of different stakeholders. Here we describe the results of a prioritization exercise involving six types of stakeholders from the Mediterranean biome, which includes several biodiversity hotspots spread across five regions of the planet (Europe, Africa, North and South America, and Australia). We found great heterogeneity across regions and stakeholder types in the priority topics identified and disagreement among the priorities of research scientists and other stakeholders. However, governance, climate change, and public participation issues were key topics in most regions. We conclude that the identification of research priorities should be targeted in a way that integrates the spectrum of stakeholder interests, potential funding sources and regional needs, and that further development of interdisciplinary studies is required. The key questions identified here provide a basis to identify priorities for research funding aligned with biodiversity conservation needs in this biome.

Published
2019

6. Down, but not out: Recent decline of Berg–Breede River whitefish (Barbus andrewi) in the upper Hex River, South Africa

Author

Shelton, Jeremy M., Impson, N. Dean, Graham, Shaun, and Esler, Karen J.

Subjects
lcsh:QH1-199.5, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Abstract

The Berg–Breede River whitefish, Barbus andrewi, an endangered Cape Floristic Region endemic, was once widespread in both the Berg and Breede River catchments. However, its distribution has been strongly reduced, apparently by human-related activities, over the last century, and the Hex River now contains one of the last recruiting populations within its native range. This population was last surveyed by Christie who found that the species occurred in six pools over a 9-km stretch of the upper Hex River. We re-surveyed fish populations at Christie’s sites in 2015 to evaluate differences in the fish community between 2002 and 2015. Our data indicated that the distribution of B. andrewi in the Hex River has declined from six to four pools and that its density in the study area in 2015 (0.57 fish per 100 m2 ± 0.31 fish per 100 m2 ) was more than fivefold lower than that recorded in 2002 (3.39 fish per 100 m2 ± 1.40 fish per 100 m2 ). Moreover, small size classes of B. andrewi (< 10 cm) were largely absent in 2015, indicating recruitment failure in recent years. Habitat degradation, exacerbated by a severe flood in 2008, and recent invasions by predatory non-native fishes (smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu and sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus) are identified as likely causes of this decline. Cape kurper, Sandelia capensis, another native species, was relatively common in 2002 but not recorded in 2015, whereas the density of native Breede River redfin, Pseudobarbus burchelli, was higher in 2015 than in 2002. Urgent conservation actions including managing non-native fish invasions and mitigating agricultural impacts on aquatic habitat are required to prevent further decline, and possible extirpation, of the Hex River population of B. andrewi. Conservation implications: Urgent conservation actions including preventing further increases in the abundance and distribution of non-native fishes, and improving habitat and water quality through mitigating agricultural impacts, are required to prevent further decline, and possible extirpation, of the Hex River population of B. andrewi.

Published
2017

7. Allelopathic effects of invasive Eucalyptus camaldulensis on germination and early growth of four native species in the Western Cape, South Africa

Author

Ruwanza, Sheunesu, Gaertner, Mirijam, Esler, Karen J, and Richardson, David M

Subjects
allelopathy, biological invasions, germination, invasive plant species, phenolic compounds, tree invasions
Abstract

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (red river gum; Myrtaceae) is an invasive tree in riparian habitats of the Western Cape, South Africa, where it replaces indigenous vegetation and affects ecosystem functioning. These invasions lead to changes in river geomorphology and reduction in stream flow. The mechanisms that drive these effects are poorly understood. The potential for allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of E. camaldulensis tissues and of soil and litter collected beneath E. camaldulensis trees on the germination and seedling growth of four selected native plant species was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Soils collected beneath E. camaldulensis trees were used in three treatments: untreated soils, sterilised soils and sterilised soils overlaid with a eucalypt litter layer. In addition, soils collected from underneath native species were used in two treatments: untreated soils and soils overlaid with a eucalypt litter layer. All soil treatments were watered with three E. camaldulensis leaf, bark and root aqueous treatments. Compounds present in the aqueous extracts and fresh samples were identified using gas chromatography. Soil and aqueous treatments showed varying effects on germination and seedling growth of the four native species. Germination and seedling growth of Olea europaea subsp. africana and Dimorphotheca pluvialis were significantly reduced by E. camaldulensis root and bark aqueous extracts as well as by the soils treatments. The addition of eucalypt litter to native and sterilised soils reduced shoot and root growth of all four native species. Compounds such as α-phellandrene, eucalyptol, p-menth-1-en-8-ol and α-pinene, which have the potential to inhibit germination and plant growth, were identified in E. camaldulensis aqueous extracts and fresh samples. Although the methods applied in this study had limitations (e.g. lack of control treatment to litter addition), the results provide an additional motivation to prioritise removal of invasive E. camaldulensis stands from riparian ecosystems. Restoration initiatives should target native species that are not negatively affected by allelopathy.Keywords: allelopathy, biological invasions, germination, invasive plant species, phenolic compounds, tree invasions

Published
2016

8. Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa

Author

Ndhlovu, Thabisisani, Milton, Suzanne J, and Esler, Karen J

Subjects
invasive plants – exotic, Nama Karoo, rehabilitation, semi-arid, soil erosion
Abstract

The Nama-Karoo is the largest of the three biomes that comprise the semi-arid Karoo-Namib ecoregion of southern Africa. Large tracts of Nama-Karoo rangeland have been invaded by alien leguminous trees of the genus Prosopis. We assessed the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in heavily grazed Nama-Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Our results suggest that, below critical threshold cover levels, Prosopis trees do not affect indigenous vegetation and add to overall rangeland vegetation cover. However, once Prosopis cover exceeds critical thresholds, the trees begin to negatively impact on indigenous vegetation (especially grasses) and overall vegetation cover. In addition, our data suggest that vegetation cover recovers after Prosopis clearing, being temporarily higher than pre-invasion levels possibly as a result of enhanced post-invasion soil fertility. Lastly, our results suggest that Prosopis trees reduce rangeland erosion potential at low cover and increase it after they exceed critical threshold cover. Information about thresholds of Prosopis impact can be used to direct clearing efforts for maximum benefit when resources are limited.Keywords: invasive plants – exotic, Nama Karoo, rehabilitation, semi-arid, soil erosion

Published
2016

9. Impact of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on vegetation species composition and diversity in semi-arid Nama-Karoo rangeland, South Africa

Author

Ndhlovu, Thabisisani, Milton, Suzanne J., and Esler, Karen J.

Subjects
invasive plants – exotic, Nama-Karoo, plant community ecology, rehabilitation, semi-arid
Abstract

The Nama-Karoo biome occupies 28% of South Africa’s land area. Alien leguminous trees of the genus Prosopis have invaded large tracts of Nama-Karoo rangeland. We evaluated the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on vegetation species composition and diversity (alien and indigenous species richness and cover) in Nama-Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Our results suggest that Prosopis invasion and clearing can significantly change Nama-Karoo rangeland species composition. Invasion and clearing appear to have no effect on alien species richness. Invasion, however, increases alien species cover, while clearing restores it to pre-invasion levels. In contrast, invasion reduces indigenous species richness while clearing restores it to pre-invasion levels. Invasion appears to have no effect on indigenous species cover. This lack of effect appears to be the serendipitous result of a site-specific trade-off between a decline in cover of grasses that are negatively affected by Prosopis invasion and a concomitant increase in the cover of positively affected grasses. Clearing increases indigenous species cover to above pre-invasion levels. The higher than usual indigenous species cover after clearing could be a transient legacy of Prosopis soil nutrient enrichment.Keywords: invasive plants – exotic, Nama-Karoo, plant community ecology, rehabilitation, semi-arid

Published
2016

10. Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa

Author

Thabisisani Ndhlovu, Milton, Suzanne J, and Esler, Karen J

Abstract

The Nama-Karoo is the largest of the three biomes that comprise the semi-arid Karoo-Namib ecoregion of southern Africa. Large tracts of Nama-Karoo rangeland have been invaded by alien leguminous trees of the genus Prosopis. We assessed the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in heavily grazed Nama-Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Our results suggest that, below critical threshold cover levels, Prosopis trees do not affect indigenous vegetation and add to overall rangeland vegetation cover. However, once Prosopis cover exceeds critical thresholds, the trees begin to negatively impact on indigenous vegetation (especially grasses) and overall vegetation cover. In addition, our data suggest that vegetation cover recovers after Prosopis clearing, being temporarily higher than pre-invasion levels possibly as a result of enhanced post-invasion soil fertility. Lastly, our results suggest that Prosopis trees reduce rangeland erosion potential at low cover and increase it after they exceed critical threshold cover. Information about thresholds of Prosopis impact can be used to direct clearing efforts for maximum benefit when resources are limited.

Published
2015
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11. Hydrological responses of a valley-bottom wetland to land-use/land-cover change in a South African catchment : making a case for wetland restoration

Author

Rebelo, Alanna Jane, Le Maitre, David C., Esler, Karen J., and Cowling, Richard M.

Subjects
Chemistry, Biology
Abstract

Valley-bottom wetlands are valuable assets as they provide many ecosystem services to mankind. Despite their value, valley-bottom wetlands are often exploited and land-use/land-cover (LULC) change results in trade-offs in ecosystem services. We coupled physically based hydrological modeling and spatial analysis to examine the effects of LULC change on water-related ecosystem services in the Kromme catchment: an important water-providing catchment for the city of Port Elizabeth. LULC scenarios were constructed to match 5 different decades in the last 50 years to explore the potential effects of restoring the catchment to different historic benchmarks. In the Kromme catchment, valley-bottom wetlands have declined by 84%, driven by key LULC changes: an increase in irrigated land (307 ha) and invasion by alien trees (336 ha). If the wetlands were restored to the relatively pristine extent and condition of the 1950s, riverflow could increase by approximately 1.13 million m3/a, about 6% of the current supply to Port Elizabeth. Wetland restoration would also significantly improve the catchment's ability to absorb extreme rainfall events, decreasing flood damage. We conclude that in the face of the water scarcity in this region, all ecosystem services, particularly those related to water flow regulation, should be taken into account by decision makers in charge of land zonation. Zonation decisions should not continue to be made on the basis of provisioning ecosystem services alone (i.e. food provision or dam yield). We recommend prioritization of the preservation and restoration of valley-bottom wetlands providing water-related ecosystem services to settlements downstream.

Published
2015

12. Effects of intraspecific and community density on the lifetime fecundity of long-lived shrubs

Author

Nottebrock, Henning, Esler, Karen J., and Schurr, Frank Martin

Subjects
Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Abstract

Intra- and interspecific density dependence has profound consequences for plant population and community dynamics. In long-lived plants, however, lifetime patterns and mechanisms of density dependence are difficult to study. Here, we examine effects of intraspecific and community density on the lifetime fecundity of two long-lived shrub species from South African Fynbos: Protea repens (animal-pollinated, hermaphroditic) and Leucadendron rubrum (wind-pollinated, dioecious). Both species are serotinous, retaining seeds in cones until fire kills the mother plant. We measured lifetime fecundity as the product of cone number, proportion of cones that are not damaged by predation and seed set (fertile seeds per intact cone). Intraspecific and community densities were quantified by counting individuals of target species and all Proteaceae in small- and large-scale neighbourhoods (10 m and 50 m radius) around each focal individual. Additionally, we determined the age and size of focal individuals. We found that lifetime fecundity of the wind-pollinated L rubrum is density independent. In contrast, the lifetime fecundity of the animal-pollinated P. repens increases with large-scale intraspecific density and shows a hump-shaped relationship to large-scale community density. Community density has a hump-shaped effect on seed set (probably through partial absence of generalized pollinators at low and competition for pollinators at high densities) and negatively affects cone number per individual. For both species, plant age decreases seed set while increasing lifetime fecundity. The qualitative differences in the density dependence of lifetime fecundity may arise from differences between animal and wind pollination. In particular, interactions with generalized animal pollinators may cause community-level Allee effects with profound consequences for the future dynamics of long-lived plant populations and communities.

Published
2013

13. Adoption, use and perception of Australian acacias around the world

Author

Kull, Christian A., Shackleton, Charlie M., Cunningham, Peter J., Ducatillon, Catherine, Dufour-Dror, Jean-Marc, Esler, Karen J., Friday, James B., Gouveia, Antonio C., Griffin, A. R., Marchante, Elizabete, Midgley, Stephen J., Pauchard, Anibal, Rangan, Haripriya, Richardson, David M., Rinaudo, Tony, Tassin, Jacques, Urgenson, Lauren S., von Maltitz, Graham P., Zenni, Rafael D., Zylstra, Matthew J., Monash University, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, SIM, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Villa Thuret (UEVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Stellenbosch University, University of Hawaii, Universidade de Coimbra, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), University of Canberra, Universidad de Concepción, University of Melbourne, Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Tennessee, Stellenbosch University, Oppenheimer Memorial Trust, ARC DP066131, Fondecyt 1070488 PFB-23 ICM P05-002, Working for Water Programme (WfW), DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile]

Subjects
Développement économique, gestion des ressources naturelles, Agroforesterie, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, acacia, Niveau de vie, E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale, Communauté rurale, K10 - Production forestière, Utilisation, Introduction de plantes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Espèce envahissante
Abstract

International audience; Aim To examine the different uses and perceptions of introduced Australian acacias (wattles; Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) by rural households and communities. Location Eighteen landscape-scale case studies around the world, in Vietnam, India, Reunion, Madagascar, South Africa, Congo, Niger, Ethiopia, Israel, France, Portugal, Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic and Hawai'i. Methods Qualitative comparison of case studies, based on questionnaire sent to network of acacia researchers. Information based on individual knowledge of local experts, published and unpublished sources. Results We propose a conceptual model to explain current uses and perceptions of introduced acacias. It highlights historically and geographically contingent processes, including economic development, environmental discourses, political context, and local or regional needs. Four main groupings of case studies were united by similar patterns: (1) poor communities benefiting from targeted agroforestry projects; (2) places where residents, generally poor, take advantage of a valuable resource already present in their landscape via plantation and/or invasion; (3) regions of small and mid-scale tree farmers participating in the forestry industry; and (4) a number of high-income communities dealing with the legacies of former or niche use of introduced acacia in a context of increased concern over biodiversity and ecosystem services. Main conclusions Economic conditions play a key role shaping acacia use. Poorer communities rely strongly on acacias (often in, or escaped from, formal plantations) for household needs and, sometimes, for income. Middle-income regions more typically host private farm investments in acacia woodlots for commercialization. Efforts at control of invasive acacias must take care to not adversely impact poor dependent communities.

Published
2011

14. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha LL, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen RP, Alhusseini, Tamera I, Bedford, Felicity E, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J, Chng, Charlotte WT, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David LP, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Emerson, Susan R, Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle LK, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D, Pan, Yuan, Pask-Hale, Gwilym D, Pynegar, Edwin L, Robinson, Alexandra N, Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A, Simmons, Benno I, White, Hannah J, Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Albertos, Belén, Alcala, EL, Del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Baral, Sharad K, Barlow, Jos, Barratt, Barbara IP, Barrico, Lurdes, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M, Basset, Yves, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Åke, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J, Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Blake, Robin J, Bobo, Kadiri S, Bóçon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J, Borges, Paulo AV, Borges, Sérgio H, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenç, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M, Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Jörn, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Cáceres, Nilton C, Cagle, Nicolette L, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Caparrós, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Cassano, Camila R, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Rolando, Cerda B, Cerezo, Alexis, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M, Cleary, Daniel FR, Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P, Craig, Michael D, Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A, D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, Da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Davis, Adrian LV, Dawson, Jeff, De Sassi, Claudio, De Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean-Louis, Diekötter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V, Domínguez, Erwin, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niels, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Esler, Karen J, De Lima, Ricardo F, Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Fensham, Roderick J, Fernandez, Ignacio C, Ferreira, Catarina C, Ficetola, Gentile F, Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno KC, Fırıncıoğlu, Hüseyin K, Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andreas, Fonte, Steven J, Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E, Franzén, Markus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fredriksson, Gabriella M, Freire, Geraldo B, Frizzo, Tiago LM, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, René, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, García, Karla P, Garcia-R, Juan C, Garden, Jenni G, Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao-Ming, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens GL, Gould, Rachelle K, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L, Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moisès, Gunawardene, Nihara R, Gutierrez, Alvaro G, Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L, Haarmeyer, Daniela H, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hassan, Shombe N, Hatfield, Richard G, Hawes, Joseph E, Hayward, Matt W, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Henschel, Philipp, Hernández, Lionel, Herrera, James P, Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Höfer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G, Hornung, Elisabeth, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Hernández, F Jiménez, Johnson, McKenzie F, Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S Nur, Jung, Thomas S, Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klaus, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R, Kittle, Andrew M, Knight, Mairi E, Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Kőrösi, Ádám, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J, Kutt, Alex S, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R, Latta, Steven C, Laurance, William F, Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Lehouck, Valérie, Lencinas, María V, Lentini, Pia E, Letcher, Susan G, Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A, Littlewood, Nick A, Liu, Yunhui, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Luskin, Matthew S, MacSwiney G, M Cristina, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Malone, Louise A, Malonza, Patrick K, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Mandujano, Salvador, Måren, Inger E, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marsh, Charles J, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, Eliana, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Moreno Mateos, David, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mazimpaka, Vicente, McCarthy, Jennifer L, McCarthy, Kyle P, McFrederick, Quinn S, McNamara, Sean, Medina, Nagore G, Medina, Rafael, Mena, Jose L, Mico, Estefania, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Miranda-Esquivel, Daniel R, Moir, Melinda L, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Munira, A Nur, Muoñz-Alonso, Antonio, Munyekenye, BF, Naidoo, Robin, Naithani, A, Nakagawa, Michiko, Nakamura, Akihiro, Nakashima, Yoshihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A, Navarro-Iriarte, Luis, Ndang'ang'a, Paul K, Neuschulz, Eike L, Ngai, Jacqueline T, Nicolas, Violaine, Nilsson, Sven G, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Norton, David A, Nöske, Nicole M, Nowakowski, A Justin, Numa, Catherine, O'Dea, Niall, O'Farrell, Patrick J, Oduro, William, Oertli, Sabine, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Oostra, Vicencio, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Otavo, Samuel Eduardo, Page, Navendu V, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Parry, Luke, Pe'er, Guy, Pearman, Peter B, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Pélissier, Raphaël, Peres, Carlos A, Peri, Pablo L, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Peters, Marcell K, Pethiyagoda, Rohan S, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Pillsbury, Finn C, Pincheira-Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pineda, Eduardo, Pino, Joan, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Plumptre, AJ, Poggio, Santiago L, Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, BR, Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha P, Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Claus, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Rey Benayas, José M, Rey-Velasco, Juan Carlos, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthias, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roth, Dana S, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V, Ruel, Jean-Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B, Schon, Nicole L, Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M, Scott, Kenneth A, Sedlock, Jodi L, Seefeldt, Steven S, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Douglas, Sheldon, Frederick H, Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J, Silva, Fernando AB, Simonetti, Javier A, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith, Jo, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Starzomski, Brian M, Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C, Stout, Jane C, Strauch, Ayron M, Struebig, Matthew J, Su, Zhimin, Suarez-Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S, Sung, Yik-Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason M, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas, Vallan, Denis, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans AF, Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Hua-Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstans, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D, Williams, Christopher D, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John CZ, Wolf, Jan HD, Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A, Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M, Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
global biodiversity modeling, data sharing, land use, 15. Life on land, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

15. Mechanistic reconciliation of community and invasion ecology

Author

Latombe, Guillaume, Richardson, David M, McGeoch, Melodie, Altwegg, Res, Catford, Jane A, Chase, Jonathan M, Courchamp, Franck, Esler, Karen J, Jeschke, Jonathan M, Landi, Pietro, Measey, John, Midgley, Guy F, Henintsoa O Minoarivelo, Rodger, James G, and Hui, Cang

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, Uncategorized
Abstract

Community and invasion ecology have mostly grown independently. There is substantial overlap in the processes captured by different models in the two fields, and various frameworks have been developed to reduce this redundancy and synthesize information content. Despite broad recognition that community and invasion ecology are interconnected, a process‐based framework synthesizing models across these two fields is lacking.

16. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N., Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen R. P., Alhusseini, Tamera I., Bedford, Felicity E., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J., Chng, Charlotte W. T., Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Emerson, Susan R., Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, Pask-Hale, Gwilym D., Pynegar, Edwin L., Robinson, Alexandra N., Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A., Simmons, Benno I., White, Hannah J., Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A., Albertos, Belén, Alcala, E. L., del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N., Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C., Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B., Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Báldi, András, Banks, John E., Baral, Sharad K., Barlow, Jos, Barratt, Barbara I. P., Barrico, Lurdes, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M., Basset, Yves, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J., Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Åke, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J., Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Blake, Robin J., Bobo, Kadiri S., Bóçon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J., Borges, Paulo A. V., Borges, Sérgio H., Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S., Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenç, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M., Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Jörn, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Cáceres, Nilton C., Cagle, Nicolette L., Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Caparrós, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Cassano, Camila R., Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A., Rolando, Cerda B., Cerezo, Alexis, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M., Cleary, Daniel F.R., Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P., Craig, Michael D., Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A., D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Davis, Adrian L. V., Dawson, Jeff, de Sassi, Claudio, de Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean-Louis, Diekötter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V., Domínguez, Erwin, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niels, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H., Esler, Karen J., de Lima, Ricardo F., Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Fensham, Roderick J., Fernandez, Ignacio C., Ferreira, Catarina C., Ficetola, Gentile F., Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Fırıncıoğlu, Hüseyin K., Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andreas, Fonte, Steven J., Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E., Franzén, Markus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Freire, Geraldo B., Frizzo, Tiago L. M., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, René, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., García, Karla P., Garcia-R, Juan C., Garden, Jenni G., Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao-Ming, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J., Gheler-Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens G. L., Gould, Rachelle K., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L., Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moisès, Gunawardene, Nihara R., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L., Haarmeyer, Daniela H., Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hassan, Shombe N., Hatfield, Richard G., Hawes, Joseph E., Hayward, Matt W., Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John-André, Henschel, Philipp, Hernández, Lionel, Herrera, James P., Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Höfer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hornung, Elisabeth, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Víctor J., Jauker, Birgit, Hernández, F. Jiménez, Johnson, McKenzie F., Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S. Nur, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klaus, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R., Kittle, Andrew M., Knight, Mairi E., Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Kőrösi, Ádám, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J., Kutt, Alex S., Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R., Latta, Steven C., Laurance, William F., Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Lehouck, Valérie, Lencinas, María V., Lentini, Pia E., Letcher, Susan G., Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A., Littlewood, Nick A., Liu, Yunhui, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy, López-Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L., Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Luskin, Matthew S., MacSwiney G, M Cristina, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Malone, Louise A., Malonza, Patrick K., Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Mandujano, Salvador, Måren, Inger E., Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marsh, Charles J., Marshall, E. J. P., Martínez, Eliana, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Moreno Mateos, David, Mayfield, Margaret M., Mazimpaka, Vicente, McCarthy, Jennifer L., McCarthy, Kyle P., McFrederick, Quinn S., McNamara, Sean, Medina, Nagore G., Medina, Rafael, Mena, Jose L., Mico, Estefania, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C., Miller, James R., Miranda-Esquivel, Daniel R., Moir, Melinda L., Morales, Carolina L., Muchane, Mary N., Muchane, Muchai, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Munira, A. Nur, Muoñz-Alonso, Antonio, Munyekenye, B. F., Naidoo, Robin, Naithani, A., Nakagawa, Michiko, Nakamura, Akihiro, Nakashima, Yoshihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A., Navarro-Iriarte, Luis, Ndang'ang'a, Paul K., Neuschulz, Eike L., Ngai, Jacqueline T., Nicolas, Violaine, Nilsson, Sven G., Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Norton, David A., Nöske, Nicole M., Nowakowski, A. Justin, Numa, Catherine, O'Dea, Niall, O'Farrell, Patrick J., Oduro, William, Oertli, Sabine, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Oostra, Vicencio, Osgathorpe, Lynne M., Otavo, Samuel Eduardo, Page, Navendu V., Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Parry, Luke, Pe'er, Guy, Pearman, Peter B., Pelegrin, Nicolás, Pélissier, Raphaël, Peres, Carlos A., Peri, Pablo L., Persson, Anna S., Petanidou, Theodora, Peters, Marcell K., Pethiyagoda, Rohan S., Phalan, Ben, Philips, T. Keith, Pillsbury, Finn C., Pincheira-Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pineda, Eduardo, Pino, Joan, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Plumptre, A. J., Poggio, Santiago L., Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, B. R., Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha P., Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Claus, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Rey Benayas, José M., Rey-Velasco, Juan Carlos, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthias, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roth, Dana S., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V., Ruel, Jean-Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A., Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A., Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B., Schon, Nicole L., Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M., Scott, Kenneth A., Sedlock, Jodi L., Seefeldt, Steven S., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Douglas, Sheldon, Frederick H., Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J., Silva, Fernando A. B., Simonetti, Javier A., Slade, Eleanor M., Smith, Jo, Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Starzomski, Brian M., Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C., Stout, Jane C., Strauch, Ayron M., Struebig, Matthew J., Su, Zhimin, Suarez-Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S., Sung, Yik-Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H., Tonietto, Rebecca K., Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas, Vallan, Denis, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M., Walker, Tony R., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstans, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D., Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John C. Z., Wolf, Jan H. D., Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A., Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M., Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W., Zaitsev, Andrey S., Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
15. Life on land

17. Mechanistic reconciliation of community and invasion ecology

Author

Latombe, Guillaume, Richardson, David M., McGeoch, Melodie A., Altwegg, Res, Catford, Jane A., Chase, Jonathan M., Courchamp, Franck, Esler, Karen J., Jeschke, Jonathan M., and Landi, Pietro

Subjects
invasion ecology, model, 13. Climate action, hypothesis, process, 15. Life on land, theory, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, community ecology
Abstract

Community and invasion ecology have mostly grown independently. There is substantial overlap in the processes captured by different models in the two fields, and various frameworks have been developed to reduce this redundancy and synthesize information content. Despite broad recognition that community and invasion ecology are interconnected, a process-based framework synthesizing models across these two fields is lacking. Here we review 65 representative community and invasion models and propose a common framework articulated around six processes (dispersal, drift, abiotic interactions, within-guild interactions, cross-guild interactions, and genetic changes). The framework is designed to synthesize the content of the two fields, provide a general perspective on their development, and enable their comparison. The application of this framework and of a novel method based on network theory reveals some lack of coherence between the two fields, despite some historical similarities. Community ecology models are characterized by combinations of multiple processes, likely reflecting the search for an overarching theory to explain community assembly and structure, drawing predominantly on interaction processes, but also accounting largely for the other processes. In contrast, most models in invasion ecology invoke fewer processes and focus more on interactions between introduced species and their novel biotic and abiotic environment. The historical dominance of interaction processes and their independent developments in the two fields is also reflected in the lower level of coherence for models involving interactions, compared to models involving dispersal, drift, and genetic changes. It appears that community ecology, with a longer history than invasion ecology, has transitioned from the search for single explanations for patterns observed in nature to investigate how processes may interact mechanistically, thereby generating and testing hypotheses. Our framework paves the way for a similar transition in invasion ecology, to better capture the dynamics of multiple alien species introduced in complex communities. Reciprocally, applying insights from invasion to community ecology will help us understand and predict the future of ecological communities in the Anthropocene, in which human activities are weakening species' natural boundaries. Ultimately, the successful integration of the two fields could advance a predictive ecology that is urgently required in a rapidly changing world.

18. The role of geophytes in stone age hunter-gatherer subsistence and human evolution in the greater cape floristic region

Author

Singels, Elzanne, Parkington, John, and Esler, Karen J

Subjects
archaeology
Abstract

It has been hypothesised that an adaptive shift to a starch-rich diet was an important driver in human evolution and supported the energetic requirements to sustain brain development throughout hominin evolution. Plants that possess underground storage organs (geophytes) have been put forward as the likely source of starch. Geophytes comprise a large portion of the plant diversity in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), where significant archaeological evidence of the evolution of human modernity has been identified in the Middle Stone Age (MSA). It is thought that the resources available in this region during this time period fuelled the progression and development of complex language, art and tool production in early modern humans. The overall objective of this thesis is to determine the importance of geophytes in early modern human diets and the impact they might have had on human behaviour and cognition. The role of geophyte resources in Stone Age hunter-gatherer subsistence was evaluated by firstly creating an ecological and environmental framework of data to evaluate the geophyte resource base. Secondly, the archaeological evidence available on actual hunter-gatherer foraging behaviour was evaluated using this framework, together with novel methods of macrobotanical analysis and experimental archaeological methods. It was found that the nutritional quality of geophytes is high, even in comparison to domesticated crops such as potatoes. The desirability of geophytes to a forager would rely on many factors, apart from nutritional quality, however. Geophyte resources on the coastal plain of the GCFR are dense and diverse. This diversity encompasses variation in the quality of the nutrients contained in the USOs and the optimum time throughout the year they would be most profitable to harvest. Geophytes could have been available during a large portion of the year throughout the GCFR. The archaeological evidence shows just how widespread and complex geophyte foraging and processing were during the Holocene, although there is a relative lack of evidence in the MSA. The novel method presented to determine the energy cache offered by geophytes and the seasonality of geophyte foraging shows great promise to improve our understanding of foraging choices and hunter-gatherer mobility across the region. All Stone Age processing methods tested experimentally improved the nutritional quality of USOs, but veldfire produced the most profound nutritional quality improvements of all methods tested. Geophytes could have supplied the dense and predictable resource cache that made the GCFR a reliable environment for human evolution, despite climatic and vegetational shifts. The efficient exploitation of geophyte resources throughout the Stone Age could have altered early human behaviour and cognitive development.

Published
2021

19. Priority questions for biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean biome: Heterogeneous perspectives across continents and stakeholders

Author

Maria Jose Martinez-Harms, Eliezer Frankenberg, Pablo A. Marquet, Linda Olsvig-Whittaker, Phil Rundel, Miguel Clavero, Ana Filipa Filipe, Grant Wardell-Johnson, Patricio Pliscoff, Danilo Russo, Jeffrey Clary, Adriano Martinoli, Leonardo Ancillotto, Karen J. Esler, Jasper A. Slingsby, Milena Holmgren, Ben P. Miller, Lluís Brotons, John Thompson, Nicky Allsopp, Raquel Fagoaga, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, Peggy L. Fiedler, Angela Wardell-Johnson, Francisco Moreira, Margarita Arianoutsou, Pedro Beja, Sch Agron, CIBIO InBIO, University of Lisbon, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology and Ecogenomics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD (CSIC), Department of the Built Environment [Eindhoven], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), CIBIO/UP, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Center of applied ecology & sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de ciencias biologicas [Santiago], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Dipartimento di scienze teoriche e applicate [Università degli Studi dell'Insubria] (DiSTA), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Université de Vienne, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, University of the Aegean, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Moreira, Francisco, Allsopp, Nicky, Esler, Karen J., Wardell‐johnson, Grant, Ancillotto, Leonardo, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Clary, Jeffrey, Brotons, Llui, Clavero, Miguel, Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G., Fagoaga, Raquel, Fiedler, Peggy, Filipe, Ana F., Frankenberg, Eliezer, Holmgren, Milena, Marquet, Pablo A., Martinez‐harms, Maria J., Martinoli, Adriano, Miller, Ben P., Olsvig‐whittaker, Linda, Pliscoff, Patricio, Rundel, Phil, Russo, Danilo, Slingsby, Jasper A., Thompson, John, Wardell‐johnson, Angela, and Beja, Pedro

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Biome, Biodiversity, Climate change, Recommendations, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, stakeholder differences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Life Science, Threats, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Governance, threats, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corporate governance, Stakeholder, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Biodiversity hotspot, research questions, Policy, Geography, climate change, Research questions, governance, 13. Climate action, Public participation, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, recommendations, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Identification (biology), lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Stakeholder differences, policy
Abstract

The identification of research questions with high relevance for biodiversity conservation is an important step towards designing more effective policies and management actions, and to better allocate funding among alternative conservation options. However, the identification of priority questions may be influenced by regional differences in biodiversity threats and social contexts, and to variations in the perceptions and interests of different stakeholders. Here we describe the results of a prioritization exercise involving six types of stakeholders from the Mediterranean biome, which includes several biodiversity hotspots spread across five regions of the planet (Europe, Africa, North and South America, and Australia). We found great heterogeneity across regions and stakeholder types in the priority topics identified and disagreement among the priorities of research scientists and other stakeholders. However, governance, climate change, and public participation issues were key topics in most regions. We conclude that the identification of research priorities should be targeted in a way that integrates the spectrum of stakeholder interests, potential funding sources and regional needs, and that further development of interdisciplinary studies is required. The key questions identified here provide a basis to identify priorities for research funding aligned with biodiversity conservation needs in this biome. AFB, Grant/Award Number: 17008; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: IF/01053/2015; National Research Foundation Incentive Funding, Grant/Award Number: 103841; REN Biodiversity Chair; EDP Biodiversity Chair; COMPETE, Grant/Award Number: PTDC/AAG‐MAA/2261/2014 POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐356 016824; The Society for Conservation Biology

Published
2019

20. The database of the Predicts (Projecting responses of ecological diversity in changing terrestrial systems) project

Author

Hudson, LN, Newbold, T, Contu, S, Hill, SLL, Lysenko, I, De Palma, A, Phillips, HRP, Alhusseini, TI, Bedford, FE, Bennett, DJ, Booth, H, Burton, VJ, Chng, CWT, Choimes, A, Correia, DLP, Day, J, Echeverría-Londoño, S, Emerson, SR, Gao, D, Garon, M, Harrison, MLK, Ingram, DJ, Jung, M, Kemp, V, Kirkpatrick, L, Martin, CD, Pan, Y, Pask-Hale, GD, Pynegar, EL, Robinson, AN, Sanchez-Ortiz, K, Senior, RA, Simmons, BI, White, HJ, Zhang, H, Aben, J, Abrahamczyk, S, Adum, GB, Aguilar-Barquero, V, Aizen, MA, Albertos, B, Alcala, EL, del Mar Alguacil, M, Alignier, A, Ancrenaz, M, Andersen, AN, Arbeláez-Cortés, E, Armbrecht, I, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Aumann, T, Axmacher, JC, Azhar, B, Azpiroz, AB, Baeten, L, Bakayoko, A, Báldi, A, Banks, JE, Baral, SK, Barlow, J, Barratt, BIP, Barrico, L, Bartolommei, P, Barton, DM, Basset, Y, Batáry, P, Bates, AJ, Baur, B, Bayne, EM, Beja, P, Benedick, S, Berg, Å, Bernard, H, Berry, NJ, Bhatt, D, Bicknell, JE, Bihn, JH, Blake, RJ, Bobo, KS, Bóçon, R, Boekhout, T, Böhning-Gaese, K, Bonham, KJ, Borges, PAV, Borges, SH, Boutin, C, Bouyer, J, Bragagnolo, C, Brandt, JS, Brearley, FQ, Brito, I, Bros, V, Brunet, J, Buczkowski, G, Buddle, CM, Bugter, R, Buscardo, E, Buse, J, Cabra-García, J, Cáceres, NC, Cagle, NL, Calviño-Cancela, M, Cameron, SA, Cancello, EM, Caparrós, R, Cardoso, P, Carpenter, D, Carrijo, TF, Carvalho, AL, Cassano, CR, Castro, H, Castro-Luna, AA, Rolando, CB, Cerezo, A, Chapman, KA, Chauvat, M, Christensen, M, Clarke, FM, Cleary, DFR, Colombo, G, Connop, SP, Craig, MD, Cruz-López, L, Cunningham, SA, D'Aniello, B, D'Cruze, N, da Silva, PG, Dallimer, M, Danquah, E, Darvill, B, Dauber, J, Davis, ALV, Dawson, J, de Sassi, C, de Thoisy, B, Deheuvels, O, Dejean, A, Devineau, J-L, Diekötter, T, Dolia, JV, Domínguez, E, Dominguez-Haydar, Y, Dorn, S, Draper, I, Dreber, N, Dumont, B, Dures, SG, Dynesius, M, Edenius, L, Eggleton, P, Eigenbrod, F, Elek, Z, Entling, MH, Esler, KJ, de Lima, RF, Faruk, A, Farwig, N, Fayle, TM, Felicioli, A, Felton, AM, Fensham, RJ, Fernandez, IC, Ferreira, CC, Ficetola, GF, Fiera, C, Filgueiras, BKC, Fırıncıoğlu, HK, Flaspohler, D, Floren, A, Fonte, SJ, Fournier, A, Fowler, RE, Franzén, M, Fraser, LH, Fredriksson, GM, Freire, GB, Frizzo, TLM, Fukuda, D, Furlani, D, Gaigher, R, Ganzhorn, JU, García, KP, Garcia-R, JC, Garden, JG, Garilleti, R, Ge, B-M, Gendreau-Berthiaume, B, Gerard, PJ, Gheler-Costa, C, Gilbert, B, Giordani, P, Giordano, S, Golodets, C, Gomes, LGL, Gould, RK, Goulson, D, Gove, AD, Granjon, L, Grass, I, Gray, CL, Grogan, J, Gu, W, Guardiola, M, Gunawardene, NR, Gutierrez, AG, Gutiérrez-Lamus, DL, Haarmeyer, DH, Hanley, ME, Hanson, T, Hashim, NR, Hassan, SN, Hatfield, RG, Hawes, JE, Hayward, MW, Hébert, C, Helden, AJ, Henden, J-A, Henschel, P, Hernández, L, Herrera, JP, Herrmann, F, Herzog, F, Higuera-Diaz, D, Hilje, B, Höfer, H, Hoffmann, A, Horgan, FG, Hornung, E, Horváth, R, Hylander, K, Isaacs-Cubides, P, Ishida, H, Ishitani, M, Jacobs, CT, Jaramillo, VJ, Jauker, B, Hernández, FJ, Johnson, MF, Jolli, V, Jonsell, M, Juliani, SN, Jung, TS, Kapoor, V, Kappes, H, Kati, V, Katovai, E, Kellner, K, Kessler, M, Kirby, KR, Kittle, AM, Knight, ME, Knop, E, Kohler, F, Koivula, M, Kolb, A, Kone, M, Kőrösi, Á, Krauss, J, Kumar, A, Kumar, R, Kurz, DJ, Kutt, AS, Lachat, T, Lantschner, V, Lara, F, Lasky, JR, Latta, SC, Laurance, WF, Lavelle, P, Le Féon, V, LeBuhn, G, Légaré, J-P, Lehouck, V, Lencinas, MV, Lentini, PE, Letcher, SG, Li, Q, Litchwark, SA, Littlewood, NA, Liu, Y, Lo-Man-Hung, N, López-Quintero, CA, Louhaichi, M, Lövei, GL, Lucas-Borja, ME, Luja, VH, Luskin, MS, MacSwiney G, MC, Maeto, K, Magura, T, Mallari, NA, Malone, LA, Malonza, PK, Malumbres-Olarte, J, Mandujano, S, Måren, IE, Marin-Spiotta, E, Marsh, CJ, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, E, Martínez Pastur, G, Moreno Mateos, D, Mayfield, MM, Mazimpaka, V, McCarthy, JL, McCarthy, KP, McFrederick, QS, McNamara, S, Medina, NG, Medina, R, Mena, JL, Mico, E, Mikusinski, G, Milder, JC, Miller, JR, Miranda-Esquivel, DR, Moir, ML, Morales, CL, Muchane, MN, Muchane, M, Mudri-Stojnic, S, Munira, AN, Muoñz-Alonso, A, Munyekenye, BF, Naidoo, R, Naithani, A, Nakagawa, M, Nakamura, A, Nakashima, Y, Naoe, S, Nates-Parra, G, Navarrete Gutierrez, DA, Navarro-Iriarte, L, Ndang'ang'a, PK, Neuschulz, EL, Ngai, JT, Nicolas, V, Nilsson, SG, Noreika, N, Norfolk, O, Noriega, JA, Norton, DA, Nöske, NM, Nowakowski, AJ, Numa, C, O'Dea, N, O'Farrell, PJ, Oduro, W, Oertli, S, Ofori-Boateng, C, Oke, CO, Oostra, V, Osgathorpe, LM, Otavo, SE, Page, NV, Paritsis, J, Parra-H, A, Parry, L, Pe'er, G, Pearman, PB, Pelegrin, N, Pélissier, R, Peres, CA, Peri, PL, Persson, AS, Petanidou, T, Peters, MK, Pethiyagoda, RS, Phalan, B, Philips, TK, Pillsbury, FC, Pincheira-Ulbrich, J, Pineda, E, Pino, J, Pizarro-Araya, J, Plumptre, AJ, Poggio, SL, Politi, N, Pons, P, Poveda, K, Power, EF, Presley, SJ, Proença, V, Quaranta, M, Quintero, C, Rader, R, Ramesh, BR, Ramirez-Pinilla, MP, Ranganathan, J, Rasmussen, C, Redpath-Downing, NA, Reid, JL, Reis, YT, Rey Benayas, JM, Rey-Velasco, JC, Reynolds, C, Ribeiro, DB, Richards, MH, Richardson, BA, Richardson, MJ, Ríos, RM, Robinson, R, Robles, CA, Römbke, J, Romero-Duque, LP, Rös, M, Rosselli, L, Rossiter, SJ, Roth, DS, Roulston, TH, Rousseau, L, Rubio, AV, Ruel, J-C, Sadler, JP, Sáfián, S, Saldaña-Vázquez, RA, Sam, K, Samnegård, U, Santana, J, Santos, X, Savage, J, Schellhorn, NA, Schilthuizen, M, Schmiedel, U, Schmitt, CB, Schon, NL, Schüepp, C, Schumann, K, Schweiger, O, Scott, DM, Scott, KA, Sedlock, JL, Seefeldt, SS, Shahabuddin, G, Shannon, G, Sheil, D, Sheldon, FH, Shochat, E, Siebert, SJ, Silva, FAB, Simonetti, JA, Slade, EM, Smith, J, Smith-Pardo, AH, Sodhi, NS, Somarriba, EJ, Sosa, RA, Soto Quiroga, G, St-Laurent, M-H, Starzomski, BM, Stefanescu, C, Steffan-Dewenter, I, Stouffer, PC, Stout, JC, Strauch, AM, Struebig, MJ, Su, Z, Suarez-Rubio, M, Sugiura, S, Summerville, KS, Sung, Y-H, Sutrisno, H, Svenning, J-C, Teder, T, Threlfall, CG, Tiitsaar, A, Todd, JH, Tonietto, RK, Torre, I, Tóthmérész, B, Tscharntke, T, Turner, EC, Tylianakis, JM, Uehara-Prado, M, Urbina-Cardona, N, Vallan, D, Vanbergen, AJ, Vasconcelos, HL, Vassilev, K, Verboven, HAF, Verdasca, MJ, Verdú, JR, Vergara, CH, Vergara, PM, Verhulst, J, Virgilio, M, Vu, LV, Waite, EM, Walker, TR, Wang, H-F, Wang, Y, Watling, JI, Weller, B, Wells, K, Westphal, C, Wiafe, ED, Williams, CD, Willig, MR, Woinarski, JCZ, Wolf, JHD, Wolters, V, Woodcock, BA, Wu, J, Wunderle, JM, Yamaura, Y, Yoshikura, S, Yu, DW, Zaitsev, AS, Zeidler, J, Zou, F, Collen, B, Ewers, RM, Mace, GM, Purves, DW, Scharlemann, JPW, Purvis, A, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment, Research, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Life Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Imperial College London, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), Frankfurt Zoological Society, Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP and the Department of Life Sciences, Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université Laval, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, School of Biological Sciences [London], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), School of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Stirling, School of Biological Sciences [Egham), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, University College London (UCL), School of Biological Sciences [Clayton], Monash University [Clayton], Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wildlife and Range Management Department, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Save the frogs!, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Marine Laboratory, Silliman University-Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Silliman University, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Patrimoines locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), The Royal Society, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Yeast Research, Hudson, Lawrence N [0000-0003-4072-7469], Choimes, Argyrios [0000-0002-9849-1500], Jung, Martin [0000-0002-7569-1390], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha L. L., Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen R. P., Alhusseini, Tamera I., Bedford, Felicity E., Bennett, Dominic J., Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J., Chng, Charlotte W. T., Choimes, Argyrio, Correia, David L. P., Day, Julie, Echeverría Londoño, Susy, Emerson, Susan R., Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle L. K., Ingram, Daniel J., Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D., Pan, Yuan, Pask Hale, Gwilym D., Pynegar, Edwin L., Robinson, Alexandra N., Sanchez Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A., Simmons, Benno I., White, Hannah J., Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B., Aguilar Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A., Albertos, Belén, Alcala, E. L., del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N., Arbeláez Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo Rodríguez, Víctor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C., Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B., Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Báldi, Andrá, Banks, John E., Baral, Sharad K., Barlow, Jo, Barratt, Barbara I. P., Barrico, Lurde, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M., Basset, Yve, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J., Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M., Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Åke, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J., Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E., Bihn, Jochen H., Blake, Robin J., Bobo, Kadiri S., Bóçon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Böhning Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J., Borges, Paulo A. V., Borges, Sérgio H., Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S., Brearley, Francis Q., Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenç, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M., Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Jörn, Cabra García, Jimmy, Cáceres, Nilton C., Cagle, Nicolette L., Calviño Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A., Cancello, Eliana M., Caparrós, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F., Carvalho, Anelena L., Cassano, Camila R., Castro, Helena, Castro Luna, Alejandro A., Rolando, Cerda B., Cerezo, Alexi, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M., Cleary, Daniel F. R., Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P., Craig, Michael D., Cruz López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A., D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jen, Davis, Adrian L. V., Dawson, Jeff, de Sassi, Claudio, de Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean Loui, Diekötter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V., Domínguez, Erwin, Dominguez Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niel, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G., Dynesius, Mat, Edenius, Lar, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H., Esler, Karen J., de Lima, Ricardo F., Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M., Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M., Fensham, Roderick J., Fernandez, Ignacio C., Ferreira, Catarina C., Ficetola, Gentile F., Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Fırıncıoğlu, Hüseyin K., Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andrea, Fonte, Steven J., Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E., Franzén, Marku, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Freire, Geraldo B., Frizzo, Tiago L. M., Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, René, Ganzhorn, Jörg U., García, Karla P., Garcia R, Juan C., Garden, Jenni G., Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao Ming, Gendreau Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J., Gheler Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens G. L., Gould, Rachelle K., Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D., Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L., Grogan, Jame, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moisè, Gunawardene, Nihara R., Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Gutiérrez Lamus, Doris L., Haarmeyer, Daniela H., Hanley, Mick E., Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R., Hassan, Shombe N., Hatfield, Richard G., Hawes, Joseph E., Hayward, Matt W., Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J., Henden, John André, Henschel, Philipp, Hernández, Lionel, Herrera, James P., Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Höfer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G., Hornung, Elisabeth, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T., Jaramillo, Víctor J., Jauker, Birgit, Hernández, F. Jiménez, Johnson, McKenzie F., Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mat, Juliani, S. Nur, Jung, Thomas S., Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klau, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R., Kittle, Andrew M., Knight, Mairi E., Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Kőrösi, Ádám, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J., Kutt, Alex S., Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R., Latta, Steven C., Laurance, William F., Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, Lebuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean Philippe, Lehouck, Valérie, Lencinas, María V., Lentini, Pia E., Letcher, Susan G., Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A., Littlewood, Nick A., Liu, Yunhui, Lo Man Hung, Nancy, López Quintero, Carlos A., Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L., Lucas Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H., Luskin, Matthew S., MacSwiney G, M. Cristina, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Malone, Louise A., Malonza, Patrick K., Malumbres Olarte, Jagoba, Mandujano, Salvador, Måren, Inger E., Marin Spiotta, Erika, Marsh, Charles J., Marshall, E. J. P., Martínez, Eliana, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Moreno Mateos, David, Mayfield, Margaret M., Mazimpaka, Vicente, Mccarthy, Jennifer L., Mccarthy, Kyle P., Mcfrederick, Quinn S., Mcnamara, Sean, Medina, Nagore G., Medina, Rafael, Mena, Jose L., Mico, Estefania, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C., Miller, James R., Miranda Esquivel, Daniel R., Moir, Melinda L., Morales, Carolina L., Muchane, Mary N., Muchane, Muchai, Mudri Stojnic, Sonja, Munira, A. Nur, Muoñz Alonso, Antonio, Munyekenye, B. F., Naidoo, Robin, Naithani, A., Nakagawa, Michiko, Nakamura, Akihiro, Nakashima, Yoshihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A., Navarro Iriarte, Lui, Ndang'Ang'A, Paul K., Neuschulz, Eike L., Ngai, Jacqueline T., Nicolas, Violaine, Nilsson, Sven G., Noreika, Norberta, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Norton, David A., Nöske, Nicole M., Nowakowski, A. Justin, Numa, Catherine, O'Dea, Niall, O'Farrell, Patrick J., Oduro, William, Oertli, Sabine, Ofori Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Oostra, Vicencio, Osgathorpe, Lynne M., Otavo, Samuel Eduardo, Page, Navendu V., Paritsis, Juan, Parra H, Alejandro, Parry, Luke, Pe'Er, Guy, Pearman, Peter B., Pelegrin, Nicolá, Pélissier, Raphaël, Peres, Carlos A., Peri, Pablo L., Persson, Anna S., Petanidou, Theodora, Peters, Marcell K., Pethiyagoda, Rohan S., Phalan, Ben, Philips, T. Keith, Pillsbury, Finn C., Pincheira Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pineda, Eduardo, Pino, Joan, Pizarro Araya, Jaime, Plumptre, A. J., Poggio, Santiago L., Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F., Presley, Steven J., Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, B. R., Ramirez Pinilla, Martha P., Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Clau, Redpath Downing, Nicola A., Reid, J. Leighton, Reis, Yana T., Rey Benayas, José M., Rey Velasco, Juan Carlo, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H., Richardson, Barbara A., Richardson, Michael J., Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A., Römbke, Jörg, Romero Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthia, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J., Roth, Dana S., Roulston, T'ai H., Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V., Ruel, Jean Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P., Sáfián, Szabolc, Saldaña Vázquez, Romeo A., Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A., Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B., Schon, Nicole L., Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M., Scott, Kenneth A., Sedlock, Jodi L., Seefeldt, Steven S., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Dougla, Sheldon, Frederick H., Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J., Silva, Fernando A. B., Simonetti, Javier A., Slade, Eleanor M., Smith, Jo, Smith Pardo, Allan H., Sodhi, Navjot S., Somarriba, Eduardo J., Sosa, Ramón A., Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St Laurent, Martin Hugue, Starzomski, Brian M., Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C., Stout, Jane C., Strauch, Ayron M., Struebig, Matthew J., Su, Zhimin, Suarez Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S., Sung, Yik Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G., Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H., Tonietto, Rebecca K., Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C., Tylianakis, Jason M., Uehara Prado, Marcio, Urbina Cardona, Nicola, Vallan, Deni, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans A. F., Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R., Vergara, Carlos H., Vergara, Pablo M., Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M., Walker, Tony R., Wang, Hua Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I., Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstan, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D., Williams, Christopher D., Willig, Michael R., Woinarski, John C. Z., Wolf, Jan H. D., Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A., Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M., Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W., Zaitsev, Andrey S., Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M., Mace, Georgina M., Purves, Drew W., Scharlemann, Jörn P. W., Purvis, Andy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Natural History Museum, 3Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment, Research, University College London ( UCL ), Department of Life Sciences, Universita di Trieste, Auburn University, Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Royal Holloway [University of London] ( RHUL ), ( SFIRC ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology ( KNUST ), Universidad de Costa Rica, Laboratorio Ecotono-CRUB, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, SAD Paysage ( SAD Paysage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural ( DYNAFOR ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Abeilles et Environnement ( AE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV )

Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, Biodiversité et Ecologie, data sharing, habitat, Biológiai tudományok, Q1, BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS, TROPICAL DRY FOREST, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, MEXICAN COFFEE PLANTATIONS, Természettudományok, Data and Information, Milieux et Changements globaux, LOWLAND, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, Ecology, global biodiversity modeling, global change, habitat destruction, land use, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, LAND-USE CHANGE, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Chemistry, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, INTENSIVELY MANAGED FARMLAND, Ingénierie de l'environnement, CARABID BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES, FRUIT-FEEDING BUTTERFLIES, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, keywords: data sharing, Behavior and Systematics, Biology, Ekologi, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QL, DIPTEROCARP FOREST, QH, PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Biology and Life Sciences, destruction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Source at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2579. The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

Published
2017

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