Search

sPHENIX is a next-generation detector experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, designed for a broad set of jet and heavy-flavor probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy ion collisions. In anticipation of the commissioning and first data-taking of the detector in 2023, a RIKEN-BNL Research Center (RBRC) workshop was organized to collect theoretical input and identify compelling aspects of the physics program. This paper compiles theoretical predictions from the workshop participants for jet quenching, heavy flavor and quarkonia, cold QCD, and bulk physics measurements at sPHENIX., 60 pages, summary paper of the "Predictions for sPHENIX" RBRC workshop held at BNL in July 2022, to be submitted to Nuclear Physics A

We demonstrate the importance of quantum jumps in the nonequilibrium evolution of bottomonium states in the quark-gluon plasma. Based on nonrelativistic effective field theory and the open quantum system framework, we evolve the density matrix of color singlet and octet pairs. We show that quantum regeneration of singlet states from octet configurations is necessary to understand experimental results for the suppression of both bottomonium ground and excited states. The values of the heavy-quarkonium transport coefficients used are consistent with recent lattice QCD determinations., 5 pages, 7 figures, 1 page supplement

Given a phenomenon described by a self-similar fragmentation equation, how to infer the fragmentation kernel from experimental measurements of the solution ? To answer this question at the basis of our work, a formal asymptotic expansion suggested us that using short-time observations and initial data close to a Dirac measure should be a well-adapted strategy. As a necessary preliminary step, we study the direct problem, i.e. we prove existence, uniqueness and stability with respect to the initial data of non negative measure-valued solutions when the initial data is a compactly supported, bounded, non negative measure. A representation of the solution as a power series in the space of Radon measures is also shown. This representation is used to propose a reconstruction formula for the fragmentation kernel, using short-time experimental measurements when the initial data is close to a Dirac measure. We prove error estimates in TotalVariation and Bounded Lipshitz norms; this gives a quantitative meaning to what a ”short” time observation is. For general initial data in the space of compactly supported measures, we provide estimates on how the short-time measurements approximate the convolution of the fragmentation kernel with a suitably-scaled version of the initial data. The series representation also yields a reconstruction formula for the Mellin transform of the fragmentation kernel κ and an errorestimate for such an approximation. Our analysis is complemented by a numerical investigation.

DIS2022 conference presentation

Proceedings for DIS2022

The Cauchy problem for the linearization of a system of equations arising in the kinetic theory of a condensed gas of bosons near the critical temperature around one of its equilibria is solved for radially symmetric initial data. It is proved that the linearized system has global classical solutions that satisfy the natural conservation laws for a large set of initial data. Some regularity properties of the solutions and their long time asymptotic behavior are described.

Short time existence of classical solutions is proved for a system of equations that involves a three excitations kinetic operator. The system is related to the description of a gas of bosons below but close to the critical temperature, where the three excitations integral aims at describing the interaction between the particles in the condensate and the excitations in the normal gas. Some qualitative properties of the solutions are obtained., Comment: Some of the results are not correct. Revision is needed

The study of heavy quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions represents an important source of information about the properties of the quark-gluon plasma produced in such collisions. In a previous paper, we have considered how to model the evolution of a quarkonium in such a way that the solution of the resulting equations evolves toward the correct thermal equilibrium distribution for an homogeneous and static medium. We found that it is crucial to take into account the energy gap between singlet and octet configurations when the temperature is not much greater than this energy gap. In this manuscript, we explore in more detail the phenomenological consequences of this observation in the more realistic situation of an expanding system. We consider two different scenarios, based on the same approximation scheme, but on different choices of parameters. In the first case, we rely on a Hard Thermal Loop approximation, while the second case is based on a recent determination of the static potential in lattice QCD. In both cases, we compute the decay width and the nuclear modification factor, both taking the energy gap into account and ignoring it. We find that the impact on the predictions is as large in the expanding medium as it is in the static case. Our conclusion is that this energy gap should be taken into account in phenomenological studies., Published version. 25 pages, 11 figures

La presente investigación titulada: La admisibilidad y el valor probatorio de la evidencia digital en el Sistema Jurídico Peruano, 2018; tuvo como objetivo general conocer y establecer los procedimientos en la investigación, manejo y traslado de la evidencia digital, dentro de la actividad probatoria que se fundamente por un lado, teniendo en cuenta lo establecido por la ley, y por otro los procedimientos técnicos mediante el empleo de herramientas tecnológicas. El método empleado fue deductivo, el tipo de investigación fue básica, de nivel descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, de diseño no experimental. La población estuvo formada por fiscal representante del Ministerio Publico, personal PNP especialista en delitos de alta tecnología representante de la Policía Nacional del Perú, y un experto de tecnologías en delitos financieros del sistema bancario. La técnica empleada para recolectar información fue la observación, entrevista, análisis documental y los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron, cuestionarios, guía de observación, guía de entrevista. Se llegaron a las siguientes conclusiones: La prueba digital no solo es insuficiente, sino, no cuenta con un tratamiento especial en el Nuevo Código Procesal Penal del 2004, así como los operadores de justicia jueces, fiscales, abogados litigantes y el personal de la Policía Nacional no están capacitados en el manejo de procedimientos de hallazgo, recojo, tratamiento y traslado de las evidencias digitales. Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Procesal Penal

The in medium dynamics of heavy particles are governed by transport coefficients. The heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient, $\kappa$, is an object of special interest in the literature, but one which has proven notoriously difficult to estimate, despite the fact that it has been computed by weak-coupling methods at next-to-leading order accuracy, and by lattice simulations of the pure SU(3) gauge theory. Another coefficient, $\gamma$, has been recently identified. It can be understood as the dispersive counterpart of $\kappa$. Little is known about $\gamma$. Both $\kappa$ and $\gamma$ are, however, of foremost importance in heavy quarkonium physics as they entirely determine the in and out of equilibrium dynamics of quarkonium in a medium, if the evolution of the density matrix is Markovian, and the motion, quantum Brownian; the medium could be a strongly or weakly coupled plasma. In this paper, using the relation between $\kappa$, $\gamma$ and the quarkonium in medium width and mass shift respectively, we evaluate the two coefficients from existing 2+1 flavor lattice QCD data. The resulting range for $\kappa$ is consistent with earlier determinations, the one for $\gamma$ is the first non-perturbative determination of this quantity., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, journal version

We consider the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain with $\mathcal{C}^{1,1}$ boundary, completed with slip boundary condition. Apart from studying the general semigroup theory related to the Stokes operator with Navier boundary condition where the slip coefficient $\alpha$ is a non-smooth scalar function, our main goal is to obtain estimate on the solutions, independent of $\alpha$. We show that for $\alpha$ large, the weak and strong solutions of both the linear and non-linear system are bounded uniformly with respect to $\alpha$. This justifies mathematically that the solution of the Navier-Stokes problem with slip condition converges in the energy space to the solution of the Navier-Stokes with no-slip boundary condition as $\alpha \to \infty$., Comment: 45 pages

We derive equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of a heavy quarkonium in contact with a quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium. These equations allow in particular a proper treatment of the regime when the temperature of the plasma is comparable to the binding energy of the quarkonium. These equations are used to study how the quarkonium approaches equilibrium with the plasma, and we discuss the corresponding entropy increase, or free energy decrease, depending on the temperature regime. The effect of collisions can be accounted for by the generalization of the imaginary potential introduced in previous studies, and from which collision rates are derived. An important outcome of the present analysis is that this imaginary potential has a sizeable dependence on the energy of the relevant transitions.

We perform a comprehensive study of the time evolution of heavy-quarkonium states in an expanding hot QCD medium by implementing effective field theory techniques in the framework of open quantum systems. The formalism incorporates quarkonium production and its subsequent evolution in the fireball including quarkonium dissociation and recombination. We consider a fireball with a local temperature that is much smaller than the inverse size of the quarkonium and much larger than its binding energy. The calculation is performed at an accuracy that is leading-order in the heavy-quark density expansion and next-to-leading order in the multipole expansion. Within this accuracy, for a smooth variation of the temperature and large times, the evolution equation can be written as a Lindblad equation. We solve the Lindblad equation numerically both for a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma and a strongly-coupled medium. As an application, we compute the nuclear modification factor for the $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\Upsilon(2S)$ states. We also consider the case of static quarks, which can be solved analytically. Our study fulfils three essential conditions: it conserves the total number of heavy quarks, it accounts for the non-Abelian nature of QCD and it avoids classical approximations., Comment: Figure 8 added and improved bibliography. Journal version

Maximal $L^p$-$L^q$ regularity is proved for the strong, weak and very weak solutions of the inhomogeneous Stokes problem with Navier-type boundary conditions in a bounded domain $\Omega$, not necessarily simply connected. This extends previous results of the authors (2017).

In this article we consider the Stokes problem with Navier-type boundary conditions on a domain $\Omega$, not necessarily simply connected. Since under these conditions the Stokes problem has a non trivial kernel, we also study the solutions lying in the orthogonal of that kernel. We prove the analyticity of several semigroups generated by the Stokes operator considered in different functional spaces. We obtain strong, weak and very weak solutions for the time dependent Stokes problem with the Navier-type boundary condition under different hypothesis on the initial data $\boldsymbol{u}_0$ and external force $\boldsymbol{f}$. Then, we study the fractional and pure imaginary powers of several operators related with our Stokes operators. Using the fractional powers, we prove maximal regularity results for the homogeneous Stokes problem. On the other hand, using the boundedness of the pure imaginary powers we deduce maximal $L^{p}-L^{q}$ regularity for the inhomogeneous Stokes problem.

International audience; In this paper we study the analyticity of the semi-group generated by the Stokes operator with Navier-type boundary conditions on L p-spaces. This allows us to solve the evolution Stokes problems (1.1) together with the boundary condition (1.3).

We prove that, for every $\lambda \gt 0 $ and $u_0 \geq 0$, the following evolution problem has a solution for small value of $T$, \begin{equation} \label{zbep1} \begin{cases} u > 0 \text{ in }\;\Omega_T = \Omega \times (0,T) \;, \\ \displaystyle \; u_t - \div (M(x)\nabla u)= \frac{\lambda}{u^\gamma}+ \mu \, u^{p} \; \text{ in }\;\Omega_T, \\ u=0 \text{ on }\;\partial\Omega \times (0,T),\\ u(0)=u_0 \text{ in }\; \Omega, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $\gamma > 0$, $\mu\geq0$ and $p > 0$. Moreover, we show the existence of a solution for every value of $T$ for suitable small data $\lambda$ and $u_0$ if $p > 1$ and for every data if $0 < p < 1$.

International audience; We consider the growth-fragmentation equation and we address the problem of finding the division rate from the stable size distribution of the population, which is easily measured, but non-smooth. We propose a method based on the Mellin transform for growth-fragmentation equations with self-similar kernels. We build a sequence of functions which converges to the density of the population in division, simultaneously in several weighted L2 spaces, as the measurement error goes to 0. This improves previous results for self-similar kernels and allows us to understand the partial results for general fragmentation kernels. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretical results. Moreover, our numerical method is tested on real biological data, arising from a bacteria growth and fission experiment.

We study the Cauchy problem for a kinetic equation arising in the weak turbulence theory for the cubic nonlinear Schr��dinger equation. We define suitable concepts of weak and mild solutions and prove local and global well posedness results. Several qualitative properties of the solutions, including long time asymptotics, blow up results and condensation in finite time are obtained. We also prove the existence of a family of solutions that exhibit pulsating behavior., 3 figures, 82 pages

Diabetic neuropathy is a common and frequent complication of DM2. It is the main risk factor for ulcer and amputation of lower limbs. The risk of developing ulcer foot is 12 -25%. In the first level of care medical, history and physical examination of the patient with DM2 is performed to determine the appropriate treatment. Objective: Determine the costeffectiveness of the exploration of pelvic limbs to prevent diabetic foot. Materials and Methods: Cost-effectiveness design. Clinical records of patients with DM2. Sample calculation with the formula of percentages of two populations. Group 1, complete scan of pelvic limbs (n=15) and Group 2 with incomplete examination of lower limbs (n=40). Sociodemographic variables, health characteristics, type and number of laboratory studies requested, type and quantity of drugs prescribed were analyzed. The effectiveness was evaluated as absence of data from diabetic foot in five years follow- up. The cost of care was estimated with the profile of use and unit cost. Statistical analysis averages, percentages and cost-effectiveness. Results: The total cost in group 1 was $7,203.24 and $4,909.03 in 2. Group 1, the total cost in laboratory studies was $5,863.44, $ 187.62 in drugs and average cost of $ 1,152.18 in consultation; while in the 2, laboratory it was $ 3,596.76 , $ 186.24 medicines and average cost of consultation $ 1,126.03. The effectiveness for $ 5,000.00 in group 1 corresponds to $ 37.00 and in the group 2 to $79.75. Conclusions: It was no scanning showed that full pelvic limbs and timely detection of diabetic foot out cost-effective.

Heavy quarkonium at finite temperature has been the subject of intense theoretical studies, for it provides a potentially clean probe of the quark-gluon plasma. Recent studies have made use of effective field theories to exploit in a systematic manner the hierarchy of energy scales that characterize the system. In the case of a quarkonium in a medium whose temperature is smaller than the typical momentum transfer in the bound state but larger than its energy, the suitable effective field theory is pNRQCD_HTL, where degrees of freedom with energy or momentum larger than the binding energy have been integrated out. Thermal effects are expected to break Poincar�� invariance, which, at zero temperature, manifests itself in a set of exact relations between the matching coefficients of the effective field theory. In the paper, we evaluate the leading-order thermal corrections to the spin-orbit potentials of pNRQCD_HTL and show that Poincar�� invariance is indeed violated., 17 page, 4 figures. Version published on JHEP

International audience; We consider ballistic aggregation equation for gases in which each particle is iden- tified either by its mass and impulsion or by its sole impulsion. For the constant aggregation rate we prove existence of self-similar solutions as well as convergence to the self-similarity for generic solutions. For some classes of mass and/or impulsion dependent rates we are also able to estimate the large time decay of some moments of generic solutions or to build some new classes of self-similar solutions.

Objetivo: Demostrar que la cirugía de banco y el autotransplante continúan siendo alternativas vigentes para el tratamiento de casos complejos de cáncer renal. Métodos: Femenina de 58 años con diagnóstico de cáncer de células renales tratado con nefrectomía radical derecha 13 años antes. Acude al servicio de medicina del dolor tras presentar como único síntoma lumbalgia. En los estudios de imagen para la evaluación de la lumbalgia se realiza el hallazgo de tumoraciones en riñón izquierdo por lo que es referida a nuestro servicio. Resultados: Se realiza abordaje con lumbotomía. Se extrae pieza quirúrgica y se realiza perfusión con solución de EuroCollins y se realiza cirugía de banco. El tiempo isquemia fría antes de la anastomosis vascular fue de 63 min. Se colocó riñón en región pélvica derecha. Hubo diuresis inmediatamente posterior a anastomosis vascular. Se realizó reimplante ureteral tipo Lich-Gregoir. Cursa sus primeras 48 horas postoperatorias sin complicaciones y con diuresis en promedio de 80cc por hr. Presenta insuficiencia renal aguda, posterior a 6 sesiones de hemodiálisis diuresis normal. Presentó fuga urinaria en anastomosis ureteral que produjo urinoma que se resolvió con drenaje percutáneo guiado por TAC. Doce meses después de la cirugía la paciente esta asintomática, creatinina sérica 1.6 mg/dl depuración de creatinina de 60 ml/min, estudios de control con riñón libre de neoplasia. Conclusiones: La cirugía de banco continúa siendo una opción terapéutica para casos complejos de cáncer renal para evitar que los pacientes sean sometidos a diálisis en espera de transplante renal. Objective: To demonstrate that "bench surgery" and autotransplantation are still alternatives in the treatment of complex renal cancer cases. Methods: 58 y/o female with history of radical nephrec-tomy due to renal cancer who asked for medical attention because of back pain. Renal masses were found during her evaluation and she was referred to our service. Resultados: Lumbar incision was the preferred approach. After removal, the kidney was irrigated with EuroCollins solution and bench surgery was performed. Cold ischemia time was 63 minutes. The kidney was transplanted into the right pelvic region. Diuresis was immediately achieved after vascular anastomosis. Lich-Gregoir ureteral implant was carried out. During the first 48 hrs no complication was reported, urine output was about 80 cc/hour. She eventually developed renal failure and after 6 sessions of hemodialysis recovered to void in the previous volume range. She had a urinary leak that was resolved with CT-guided percutaneus drainage. Twelve months after the procedure, she has no complaints; serum creatinine is 1.6 mg/dl and CT scan shows no evidence of recurrences. Conclusiones: Bench surgery is still a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of complex renal cancer cases in order to avoid dialysis.

International audience

In this paper, using entropy techniques, we study the rate of convergence of non- negative solutions of a simple scalar conservation law to their asymptotic states in a weighted L1 norm. After an appropriate rescaling and for a well chosen weight, we obtain an exponential rate of convergence. Written in the original coordinates, this provides intermediate asymptotics estimates in L1, with an algebraic rate. We also prove a uniform convergence result on the support of the solutions, provided the initial data is compactly supported and has an appropriate behaviour on a neighborhood of the lower end of its support.

Existence of global weak solutions to a spatially inhomogeneous kinetic model for coalescing particles is proved, each particle being identified by its mass, momentum and position. The large time convergence to zero is also shown. The cornestone of our analysis is that, for any nonnegative and convex function, the associated Orlicz norm is a Liapunov functional. Existence and asymptotic behaviour then rely on weak and strong compactness methods in L^1 in the spirit of the DiPerna-Lions theory for the Boltzmann equation.

In March 2014, CDC identified a possible cluster of four laboratory-confirmed measles cases among passengers transiting a domestic terminal in a U.S. international airport. Through epidemiologic assessments conducted by multiple health departments and investigation of flight itineraries by CDC, all four patients were linked to the same terminal gate during a 4-hour period on January 17, 2014. Patient 1, an unvaccinated man aged 21 years with rash onset February 1, traveled on two domestic flights on January 17 and 18 that connected at the international airport. Patient 2, an unvaccinated man aged 49 years with rash onset February 1, traveled from the airport on January 17. Patient 3, an unvaccinated man aged 19 years with rash onset January 30, traveled domestically with at least a 4-hour layover at the airport on January 17. Patient 4, an unvaccinated man aged 63 years with rash onset February 5, traveled on a flight to the airport on January 17.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of both the theory and experimental successes of Quantum Chromodynamics, starting with its emergence as a well defined theory in 1972-73 and following developments and results up to the present day. Topics include a review of the earliest theoretical and experimental foundations; the fundamental constants of QCD; an introductory discussion of lattice QCD, the only known method for obtaining exact predictions from QCD; methods for approximating QCD, with special focus on effective field theories; QCD under extreme conditions; measurements and predictions of meson and baryon states; a special discussion of the structure of the nucleon; techniques for study of QCD at high energy, including treatment of jets and showers; measurements at colliders; weak decays and quark mixing; and a section on the future, which discusses new experimental facilities or upgrades currently funded. The paper is intended to provide a broad background for Ph.D. students and postdocs starting their career. Some contributions include personal accounts of how the ideas or experiments were developed., Comment: Invited volume for the EJPC; 567 pages if text/figures and 4783 references occupying about 160 additional pages. arXiv abstract abridged, for the complete abstract please see the full text