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Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a disease of the joints and bones characterized by advanced clubbing that is bulbous enlargement of the ends of one or more fingers or toes; proliferation and oedema of connective tissue resulting loss of the normal angle between the skin and nail, excessive sponginess of the nail base of the digits of the hands and feet. There is painful periosteal proliferation of long bones such as the radius, ulna, or tibia in clubbing, and the periostitis is often associated with mild fever and arthralgia or joint effusion. There are two accepted types of HOA, primary and secondary. The former is usually inherited and hereditary (idiopathic), while the secondary type seen as a concurrent manifestation of another diseases. Herein, we present a 23-year-old man diagnosed with primary HOA and had only smoking history. After examining the patient, we have concluded that there is possibility of relationship between the HOA and smoking history.

WOS: 000403448200057, New 4-naphthyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The results indicated that compound 5b namely 2-(4-methylpiperidine-1-yl)-4-(naphthalene-2-yl) thiazole exhibited highest MIC value (62.5 mu g/ml) against P. aeruginosa in the tested microorganisms. This compound showed equipotent antifungal effect on C. albicans and C. glabrata as compared with ketoconazole. Compounds 4c, 4d, 5a and 5f showed remarkably antifungal activity against C. albicans. In addition, anticancer activity and cytotoxicity studies were also carried out in Hep-G2 and A549 cell lines to examine the ability of inhibiting the cell growth for 4a-4f and 5a-5f compounds. The cell viability and anticancer activity were determined by MTT assay. 4a-4f compounds has led to an increase in cell proliferation in both cell lines (Hep-G2 and A549 cells), unlike 5a-5f series showed a weak anticancer activity., Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Eskisehir Osmangazi University [ESOGU/201219A108]; Eskisehir Osmangazi University, This work was supported by the Commission of Scientific Research Projects of Eskisehir Osmangazi University (ESOGU/201219A108). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by Eskisehir Osmangazi University.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are of great interest for the application in various industries due to their gelling, stabilizing, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties. In the present study. EPS production of 12 Bacillus strains were investigated and the best producer, namely Bacillus sp. ZBP4, was selected for further studies in order to determine the effects of fermentation conditions on the biosynthesis of EPSs. Beet molasses was used as substrate in the experiments. The highest amount of EPS was obtained at 60 g L-1 molasses concentration within 24 h. Optimum temperature and pH were determined as 45 degrees C and 5.0, respectively. Various carbon sources (glucose, starch, lactose, whey, mannitol, sucrose, beet molasses) have been tested for EPS production and beet molasses was found as the best. Using inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate) caused a decrease in the production of EPS. Tryptone gave the highest EPS yields amongst the organic nitrogen sources (yeast extract, peptone, tryptone) tested. Considerable increase in EPS production (1071 mg L-1) has been observed when the experiment was conducted under the optimized conditions (using tryptone and 60 g molasses at pH 5.0 and 45 degrees C in 24 h) which was 143 mg L-1 before the optimization studies.