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Purpose Due to the rapid surge in the number of COVID-19 cases in India, the health-care supply chain (HCSC) disruptions and uncertainties have increased manifold posing severe challenges to health-care facilities and significantly hampering the functioning of the health industry. This study aims to propose a hierarchical structural model of enablers of HCSC in the COVID-19 outbreak and identifies inter-relationships among them in the health-care market. Design/methodology/approach Enablers of emergency HCSC have been identified through extensive literature review and experts’ opinions. Subsequently, total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) and cross-impact matrix-multiplication (MICMAC) analysis have been implemented to determine the hierarchical inter-relationships among enablers and classify them according to their contribution to the overall system. Findings The research has identified and validated 15 enablers of the emergency supply chain in health-care businesses. The study resulted in a seven-level hierarchical structural model based on enabler’s driving and dependence powers. Further, the application of MICMAC analysis resulted in the classification of enablers into four groups, namely, autonomous, dependent, linkage and independent group. Research limitations/implications This study would help health professionals, policymakers and academia to implement the theoretical model constructed to alleviate the effect of COVID-19 by improving the HCSC performances in pandemic situations. This study has social and economic implications in terms of cost-effective and efficient delivery of care services in health emergencies. Originality/value The proposed theoretical model constructed is a new effort addressing the issues of HCSC in the COVID-19 crisis. Procedural implementation of TISM and MICMAC analysis in this study would help researchers to grasp concepts in a very lucid manner. The present study is one of the very few studies analyzing enablers in pandemic situations by implementing the TISM approach.

The pre-positioning problem is an important part of emergency supply. Pre-positioning decisions must be made before disasters occur under high uncertainty and only limited distribution information. This study proposes a distributionally robust optimization model for the multi-period dynamic pre-positioning of emergency supplies with a static pre-disaster phase and a dynamic post-disaster phase. In the post-disaster phase, the uncertain demands are time varying and have partial distribution information that belongs to a given family of distributions. The family of distributions is described by a given perturbation set based on historical information. Therefore, the proposed model forms a semi-infinite programming problem with ambiguous chance constraints, which typically would be computationally intractable. We refine the bounded perturbation sets (box, box-ball and box-polyhedral) and develop computationally tractable safe approximations of the chance constraints. Finally, a realistic application to the Circum-Bohai Sea Region of China is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the robust optimization model.

Emergency medical oxygen cylinders are commonly used as first aid kits to prevent strokes during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) / asthma attacks. In this paper, we propose a geolocation-aware mobile crowdsourcing solution for the emergency supply of oxygen cylinders to patients suffering from sudden breathing difficulties. The proposed crowdsourcing solution leverages the proliferation of mobile devices to connect requestors of emergency oxygen cylinders with potential suppliers from the crowd during crises. We describe the design process of the system, its technical implementation details, and key features. We also discuss some of the encountered challenges and summarize the actions taken to address them.

In emergency logistics, it is important to allocate available assets to operations effectively due to the resource scarcity. This paper considers a supply chain network which includes local and glo...

This paper analyzes the emergency in China's fujian province in response to the outbreak of the main problems in the supply chain operation and difficulties, through the investigation of both for many times, discusses how to on the basis of the existing cloud computing platform, using block chain technology, raise the emergency of the fujian province and even the whole of China supply chain management efficiency of the technical solution. This paper focuses on research on technology innovation of emergency supply chain management based on blockchain Technology. After thorough investigation and analysis, the research group put forward several feasible schemes.

Traffic congestion is one key factor that delays emergency supply logistics after disasters, but it is seldom explicitly considered in previous emergency supply planning models. To fill the...

Nowadays we can see an increase of emergency and crisis. One of these may be a power outage. However, this can also be a cascade effect because of the windshield. Hospitals are a critical infrastructure sector where it is essential to ensure a constant supply of electricity. At the time of the power outage aggregates are used for which it is necessary to provide the supply of fuel. Each hospital has different stocks of fuel and therefore needs emergency supplies of this raw material. For this purpose, an assessment system is proposed for hospitals, but also for regions, which would determine the current state of fuel availability in hospitals in the area. The aim of this paper is to introduce an assessment system for providing emergency supplies of fuel deliveries to hospitals in the event of a power outage. The paper will address hospital capacities regarding fuel stocks in the event of an outage. In the next part, the analysis of selected hospitals and their subsequent comparison will be carried out. Furthermore, the area of emergency fuel supplies for hospitals will be addressed. At the end of the paper, an assessment system will be designed to ensure the delivery of emergency fuel supplies. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V., Internal grant agency of Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FAI/2019/001]; Depatrment of Security Engeneering, Faculty of Applied Informatics

The COVID-19 pandemic now affects the entire world and has many major effects on the global economy, environment, health, and society. Focusing on the harm COVID-19 poses for human health and society, this study used system dynamics to establish a prevention and control model that combines material supply, public opinion dissemination, public awareness, scientific and technological research, staggered work shifts, and the warning effect (of law/policy). Causal loop analysis was used to identify interactions between subsystems and explore the key factors affecting social benefit. Further, different scenarios were dynamically simulated to explore optimal combination modes. The main findings were as follows: (1) The low supervision mode will produce a lag effect and superimposed effect on material supply and impede social benefit. (2) The strong supervision mode has multiple performances; it can reduce online public opinion dissemination and the rate of concealment and false declaration and improve government credibility and social benefit. However, a fading effect will appear in the middle and late periods, and over time, the effect of strong supervision will gradually weaken (but occasionally rebound) and thus require adjustment. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for improving epidemic prevention and control measures.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has hugely disrupted supply chains (SCs) in different sectors globally. The global demand for many essential items (e.g., facemasks, food products) has been phenomenal, resulting in supply failure. SCs could not keep up with the shortage of raw materials, and manufacturing firms could not ramp up their production capacity to meet these unparalleled demand levels. This study aimed to examine a set of congruent strategies and recovery plans to minimize the cost and maximize the availability of essential items to respond to global SC disruptions. We used facemask SCs as an example and simulated the current state of its supply and demand using the agent-based modeling method. We proposed two main recovery strategies relevant to building emergency supply and extra manufacturing capacity to mitigate SC disruptions. Our findings revealed that minimizing the risk response time and maximizing the production capacity helped essential item manufacturers meet consumers’ skyrocketing demands and timely supply to consumers, reducing financial shocks to firms. Our study suggested that delayed implementation of the proposed recovery strategies could lead to supply, demand, and financial shocks for essential item manufacturers. This study scrutinized strategies to mitigate the demand–supply crisis of essential items. It further proposed congruent strategies and recovery plans to alleviate the problem in the exceptional disruptive event caused by COVID-19.

Due to the unexpected and irresistible consequences of sudden disasters, the relevant government departments need to respond quickly when disasters occur, and then coordinate a large number of emergency treatment materials and emergency living materials. Emergency supply chain is a dynamic material supply and demand network, which is deployed around the government emergency management center and takes time efficiency as the core goal. With the support of various social forces, China's emergency supply chain has withstood the test and exposed many problems. The epidemic is not over, so it is urgent to summarize experience and build a more optimized and scientific emergency supply chain strategy.

Objective To explore the role of pharmacists and innovation of pharmacy interventions for COVID-19 patients in China. Methods We comprehensively searched PubMed and Chinese databases Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify articles reporting pharmacist interventions and pharmacy services for COVID-19 patients using a predefined search strategy. The search period was from inception to April 7th 2020. We also manually searched the reference list of included articles and websites of important journals with special issues for COVID-19. Results A total of 156 articles were identified by applying the search criteria. After screening, 91 articles, with the majority are literature reviews (n = 77, 84.62%) published in Chinese (n = 83, 91.2%), were included. Pharmacist interventions for COVID-19 patients most commonly related to guidelines or consensus development for the treatment of disease and practice procedure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), the supply of medicines to treat patients with severe respiratory or systematic symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), formulating infections prevention and control strategies related to COVID-19 for pharmaceutical personnel/pharmacy staff (n = 14, 15.39%), new way of delivery pharmacy services and the implementation of new pharmacy services for COVID-19 outbreak (n = 14, 15.39%), routine pharmacy services under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak (n = 39, 42.86%), and case series analysis of treatment regimens using existing, routinely collected data (n = 4, 4.40%). Conclusion Pharmacy services have a role in the COVID-19 pandemic control, and there were many rapid changes in response to the pandemic.

This paper investigates the benefits of using the on-board energy storage devices (OESD) and wayside energy storage devices (WESD) in light rail transportation (metro and tram) systems. The analysed benefits are the use of OESD and WESD as a source of supply in an emergency metro scenario to safely evacuate the passengers blocked in a metro train between stations; the use of OESD for catenary free sections, the benefits of using the WESD as an energy source for electrical car charging points and tram traction power supply; the benefits of using a central communication system between trams, cars, WESD and electrical car charging points. The authors investigated the use of: OESD with batteries for a catenary free section for different scenarios (full route or a catenary free section between two stations); the charge of OESD between stations (in parallel with tram motoring) to decrease the charging dwell time at stations and to help in achieving the operational timetable; the thermal effect of the additional load on the overhead contact system (OCS) when the tram is charging between stations; the sizing of OESD and WESD for emergency feeding in a metro system. The authors investigated the use of the WESD as a source of energy for the electrical car charging points to reduce the car pollution and carbon emissions. Presented in the paper is the enhanced multi train simulator with WESD prepared for the analyses conducted. The paper describes the DC electrical solver and WESD control method. A validation of the software has been conducted in regard to the substation voltage, WESD energy balance and WESD control.

It is common that many roads in disaster areas are damaged and obstructed after sudden-onset disasters. The phenomenon often comes with escalated traffic deterioration that raises the time and cost of emergency supply scheduling. Fortunately, repairing road network will shorten the time of in-transit distribution. In this paper, according to the characteristics of emergency supplies distribution, an emergency supply scheduling model based on multiple warehouses and stricken locations is constructed to deal with the failure of part of road networks in the early postdisaster phase. The detailed process is as follows. When part of the road networks fail, we firstly determine whether to repair the damaged road networks, and then a model of reliable emergency supply scheduling based on bi-level programming is proposed. Subsequently, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is presented to solve the problem mentioned above. Finally, through a case study, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm are verified.

This study has addressed and identified the problems in managing the existing emergency supply chain of Bangladesh in all phases of operation in terms of the primary drivers of the supply chain. It has also attempted to conceptualize and suggest an effective emergency supply chain. In this context, a thorough field investigation in several districts was conducted among the employees of the organizations sharing common information with similar protocols and implications (interoperable). Information was collected from the employees of all the participating organizations involved in disaster management through a semi-structured questionnaire based survey. The respondents addressed and illustrated several interconnected reasons which are inhibiting proper forecasting, procurement, storage, identification of affected people, and distribution. The respondents pointed out that the mismatching of objectives in the different organizations resulted in non-interoperability among the participating organizations. These issues are related to the malfunctioning of management with multidimensional organizational conflicts. Reflecting those issues, an emergency supply chain for disaster management is proposed in this study.

In the process of food emergency supply chain logistics inventory and pick up, in order to improve the entry efficiency and accuracy of incoming items, EPC Internet of Things system can be used to manage items. This paper first briefly introduces EPC and analyzes the application of EPC in logistics for readers’ reference.

The publication deals with selected issues related to planning and ensuring the evacuation of the population from the area threatened by the consequences of the crisis phenomenon. It deals with the idea of emergency supply evacuated the population in terms of transport security and it possibility at the choice of a suitable method of transport of food for evacuees people. The main idea is to create the optimal model of the supply the population with basic foodstuffs. For optimum supply it is necessary to specify the possible.

We study a problem faced by a service provider, who is responsible for the repair of a group of assets subject to random failures. In case of a failure, both an engineer and a spare part of the right kind need to be available to carry out the repair. A limited number of engineers are employed while also stocks of the various spare parts are limited. In case any resource (engineer or spare part) is not immediately available, the service provider may follow a full backlogging policy. Alternatively, in case of spare parts stock out, he has the option to revert to an emergency supplier with ample capacity of resources. We present an original model to analyze the problem dynamics between this service provider and the emergency supplier. Especially, we determine the optimal emergency shipment cost and the optimal multi-resource level of the service provider. To this end, we propose a computationally efficient algorithm to find the Stackelberg equilibrium. Furthermore, we design a revenue-sharing cooperative contract between these players which always results in coordination. Finally, we examine the risk of uncertainties in such a contract and find the optimal contract parameters by considering the utility functions of the players.

The fundamental problem of the emergency repair and construction is to evaluate the efficiency of the support plan of emergency supply for earthquake repair. This paper constructs reasonable evaluation model of each support plans' input and output based on DEA and gets the relative efficiency of each support plans to choose the rational plan. When fuzzy DEA can not evaluate the efficiency of support plans in the special case which is after the earthquake and the outputs are fuzzy data, it can get average efficiency by using Monte-Carlo method to simulate the outputs of each support plan and provide decision makers with scientific basis for choosing the rational support plan.

Natural calamities and famine are recurring phenomena in Africa. Millions have perished and millions more have suffered, mainly because governments lack the capacity to detect and prevent catastrophes or mitigate their effects. Ethiopia is one of the very few countries that has developed a disaster response mechanism since the 1974 famine. More than 200,000 people died as a result of the 1972-1974 drought and famine, and more than 1 million people perished during the 1984-1983 famine. The Ethiopian famine moved the conscience of people to a degree that no other crisis in memory can match; as a result, international involvement was considerable. Effective famine prevention or relief is inconceivable in the absence of an adequate food security reserve especially earmarked for emergency supply. The activities of the early warning system therefore focus on the major indicators that determine food availability in the several food supply systems.

In this paper, we describe the use of the simulation software for emergency supply transport to the hospital. The paper is divided into a few parts. Firstly, there is the introduction to the transport and short history about it. Secondly, there is describe the transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The central part of the paper presents simulation software for the transport. In this part was selected simulation software PTV Vissim. Based on this software we use the simulation of the emergency supply to the selected hospital in the Czech Republic. Finally, there are conclusion and recommendation from this area.

Drinking water supply is at the core of both, humanitarian action in times of crisis, as well as national policies for regular and emergency supply. In countries with a continuous water supply, the population mostly relies ingenuously on the permanent availability of tap water due to high supply standards. In case of a disruption in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards become important for emergency management during disasters. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably fewer disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water provision standards in case of a disaster. Acknowledging that these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high supply standards. Based on a comprehensive literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper flags potential improvements for emergency water supply planning and identifies future fields of research.

The More Doctors Program is a strategic set of actions for the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) aiming at improvements in medical education, professional qualification and retention of doctors in unassisted areas. Among these actions, we highlight the Project More Doctors for Brazil (PMMB), responsible for the emergency supply of doctors. It was conceived as a response to the shortage of professionals in primary care across the country, an extremely important aspect in this set of strategies for SUS. The professional improvement proposed by PMMB has mobilized public higher education institutions to participate as supervisory institutions. They are responsible for supervising the activities developed by doctors and for strengthening the continuing education policy through teaching-service integration actions. This article aims to report on the experience of managing academic supervision in light of the challenge of the implementation of PMMB.

O Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) possui três eixos de atuação e é fundamentado pelas diretrizes pedagógicas da Educação Permanente. Considerando a abrangência do programa, que vai do provimento emergencial de médicos até a ampliação do número de vagas em cursos de graduação e residência em Medicina, sua gestão é interministerial, na qual o Ministério da Saúde (MS) e o Ministério da Educação (MEC) compartilham responsabilidades para seu pleno funcionamento. O presente trabalho relata a construção da experiência de gestão do PMM por parte do MEC, que inclui a estruturação de uma nova diretoria e de novos modos de fazer gestão nesse ministério. Também aponta as principais dificuldades e facilidades durante todo o processo, além de sinalizar importantes reflexões sobre as perspectivas e desafios para a continuidade e sustentabilidade do programa. The More Doctors Program (PMM) has three axes of action and is grounded on the pedagogical guidelines of Permanent Education. Considering the Program’s scope, which ranges from the emergency supply of doctors to the expansion of the number of seats in undergraduate and medical residency courses, its management is interministerial, as the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education share responsibilities for its full operation. This article reports on the construction of the Ministry of Education’s experience of managing PMM, which includes the structuring of a new Directorate and new ways of doing management in this Ministry. It also points out the main difficulties and facilities throughout the process, and reflects on the perspectives and challenges for the Program’s continuity and sustainability. El Programa Más Médicos (PMM) posee tres ejes de actuación y está fundamentado por las directrices pedagógicas de la Educación Permanente. En el marco del Programa, que va desde la provisión de emergencia de médicos hasta la ampliación del número de plazas en cursos de graduación y residencia en Medicina, su gestión es interministerial, en donde el Ministerio de Salud (MS) y el Ministerio de Educación (MEC) comparten responsabilidades para su pleno funcionamiento. El presente trabajo relata la construcción de la experiencia de gestión del PMM por parte del MEC, que incluye la estructuración de una nueva Dirección y de nuevos modos de realizar la gestión en este Ministerio. También señala las principales dificultades y facilidades durante todo el proceso, además de mostrar importantes reflexiones sobre las perspectivas y desafíos para la continuidad y sostenibilidad del Programa.

The sudden and frequent natural disasters have brought a series of damages to both the economy and society of all countries in the world and made people to suffer a double loss of life and property. In this context, it raises a claim for emergency rescue activities in terms of more scientific, more accurate and quicker responses. Emergency rescue is taken as one of the most important ways to save lives and reduce losses when natural disasters attack; while proper emergency supply storage facility location is the key to guarantee the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency rescue operations. Based on the characteristics of emergency rescue activities, this paper analyzes the scientific problems in the field of emergency rescue and summarizes the current progress of emergency supply facility location modeling and algorithms with the purpose of laying a theoretical foundation for the future research.

After the Internet of Things was proposed and implemented in the network, the application of this technique has created a lot of fresh techniques and conveniences for various aspects of our life and work. In terms of life, the application skills of EPC Internet of Things have also received attention from all aspects of urban life[1]. It is also honored to be the source of the forces that can promote the economic development of the new generation. In recent years, the continuous implementation of the planned urbanization process in our country has led to an extremely rapid increase in the amount of urban household garbage related to daily necessities produced by residents in the city. The accumulation of various garbage will not only pose a very serious threat to the ecological environment of our lives, it will also have a negative impact on the health of the residents living in the city. Experts believe that the EPC Internet of Things combined with supply chain management is the best and most cost-effective solution to deal with domestic waste.

The aim of this paper is to explore a new model to extinguish fire without much human effort. There has been a renewed and sustained interest towards safety in both public and private sectors. During the year 2016, 3,515 people died by fire or fire related injuries in the USA alone. The total estimated economic value of fire related damages in 2017 exceeds $300 billion. Industries are the most possible places of fire accident particularly those related to chemical/hydrocarbon manufacturing and or processing. An advanced autonomous fire extinguishing system can combat fire accidents and minimize damage to both human lives and property without exposing fire fighters to additional risks. The proposed robot can autonomously detect and extinguish fire before it spreads. The robot can, without any human input, navigate through hallways or corridors of any complexity, even places unreachable by a human, to reach the origin of the fire before it is allowed to spread further. The robot can automatically recognize and avoid obstacles to reach its destination. The robot, therefore, can not only be used to effectively fight fire but can also be deployed to assist in search and rescue operations at natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. It can also be utilized to carry up to 1kg of equipment or emergency supply to hard to reach places. Its camera view can be live streamed, and if needed controlled by an authorized personal using a smartphone from a safe place through its wireless capabilities.

In 2020, the novel coronavirus pneumonia spread and raged around the world as a major unconventional emergency. The emergency supply chain management, which was not noticed by people, began to enter the vision of decision-makers. Novel coronavirus pneumonia is a key part of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. Jingdong, for example, illustrates how Jingdong constructs its emergency supply chain, with a view to providing some suggestions and references for the emergency supply chain to improve the urgent supply chain management.

Effective control of an infectious disease outbreak calls not only for a rapid response but also for the establishment of an emergency supply chain. During the control effort, huge amounts of medic...

For governments and nonprofit organizations such as the Red Cross, charity federation, through the contract form emergency relief materials reserve not for profit, but to cope with the future the possibility of natural disasters and public health events, the occurrence of natural disasters and public health events has great uncertainty, which makes the demand for emergency relief supplies have great randomness. On the basis of predecessors’ research, according to the use of options in the theory of supply chain coordination, to build the mathematical model based on option contract, research shows that option contracts can be achieved under the conditional value at risk of emergency relief supply chain coordination, in order to improve the effectiveness of emergency relief supply chain, with the increase of Co option purchase price, the government will increase by option order quantity q**, Q** way to reduce the initial order quantity q reduce material procurement cost; When the option purchase price Co is fixed, the supplier’s risk aversion increases with the decrease of the risk preference coefficient. In this case, the government, as the purchaser, needs to provide a higher option strike price Ce to encourage the supplier to produce according to the optimal output of the supply chain system.

As a response to emergency events occurred frequently around the world, energy emergency supply chain collaboration has becomes a business imperative with multiple energy trading organizations to respond it by group consensus. However, managing agile energy emergency supply chain collaboration, with the minimum energy recovery time regarding energy supply shortage driven by urgent events such as earthquake, is confronted with a difficult task: govern non-cooperative behaviours of energy emergency supply chain collaboration that identifies the irrational causes underlying deviations from neoclassical utility-maximizing economic decisions. In this paper, develop a smart model for energy emergency supply chain collaboration that the work bridges the divide between emergency supply chain collaboration optimization with group consensus and reinforcement learning. It sets up collaboration consensus with scenarios learning algorithm driven by the satisfaction-level combination of generalising past experience and future scenarios to new local energy supply shortage emergency situations to govern non-cooperative irrational behaviours, resulting in the response process with the minimum energy recovery time, cost and CO2 emissions. Simulations results show that proposed model has a significantly lower running time by 40%, and reduces minimisation of cost for energy restoration by 7% and minimisation of CO2 emissions by 10.8% on average.

This paper considers a risk-neutral energy supplier who operates an electricity plant in an uncertain demand market. To characterize the impact of carbon emission quota and emergency supply cost of coal electricity, we first consider four different cases, (1) traditional energy without carbon emission restriction, (2) traditional energy with carbon emission quota, (3) mixed energy (both traditional and renewable energy) without carbon emission restriction, and (4) mixed energy with carbon emission quota, to find the optimal renewable energy investment level and coal inventory mechanism for an energy supplier. Then, through the analysis we derive the resulting equilibriums: coal inventory for electricity generation and the investment of renewable energy capacity. By comparing the performances under different scenarios, we find that (a) renewable energy establishment can mitigate the depression of carbon emission constraint, (b) the energy supplier can obtain positive benefits from optimal mixed energy strategy if the additional emergency cost of traditional energy is not too high, and (c) the optimal renewable energy capacity level is decreasing in the carbon emission quota. Our numerical simulations imply that the impact of additional emergency cost to the profit difference between mixed energy strategy and traditional energy strategy is mediated by carbon emission quota.

Supply of blood for urgent substitution is a strategic logistical problem for the military medical services across the world. The limited shelf life of blood- derived bioproductsin the liquid state and the need for special transport and use conditions, apart from donor and donations availability are among the causes for concern. To solve these problems many national health-care authorities implemented the national emergency blood crisis policy, to get a large amount of blood at any time at any place in the case of disaster, terrorist attack or war. The civil therapeutic problems in immunohematolgy cases can also be solved by stocks of fresh and cryopreserved homologous or autologous blood for patients with rare RBCs antigens or HLA / HPA platelet refractoriness with no chance to use common blood. The short shelf life of fresh platelets limits their efficient inventory management and availability during a massive transfusion protocol. Building an inventory of frozen blood components can mitigate the risk of insufficient availability. Since the beginning of the century in the Czech Republic, used, like other countries, the use of of cryopreserved blood-derived bioproducts has become the current method used to overcome the shortages of a timely supply. The Military University Hospital, Prague, and its bank of cryopreserved blood have been operating under this policy since 2006. There is currently a stock of frozen RBCs for military reserve, for a national blood crisis and, also, a stock of rare RBC units. For crisis management there are also stored, frozen PLTs, which are used in the treatment of heavily bleeding polytrauma patients. Both the containment and research development mitigation policy programs are in place for civil / military emergency situations. Even pathogen reduced frozen PLTs and frozen RBCs were successfully investigated for clinical use if demands arose. Currently, it is possible to meet operational demand while reducing the number of resupply transports and loss of products due to expiration. A lesson has been learned from the current containment, reseach and mitigation programs of efficient blood supply management with cryopreserved blood and blood derived bioproducts.

The number, magnitude, complexity, and impact of natural disasters have been steadily increasing in various parts of the world. When preparing for, responding to, and recovering from a disaster, multiple organizations make decisions and take actions considering the needs, available resources, and priorities of the affected communities, emergency supply chains, and infrastructures. Most of the prior research focuses on decision-making for independent systems (e.g., single critical infrastructure networks or distinct relief resources). An emerging research area extends the focus to interdependent systems (i.e., multiple dependent networks or resources). In this article, we survey the literature on modeling approaches for disaster management problems on independent systems, discuss some recent work on problems involving demand, resource, and/or network interdependencies, and offer future research directions to add to this growing research area.

Enterprises should fully mobilize and utilize the resources independent of the enterprises to deal with the frequent accidents and meet the emergency supplies need. This paper analyzes the reserve coordination patterns of enterprise’s reserves combined with production capability reserves, to optimize, coordinate and meet the emergency supplies need under multisite manufacture accidents scenarios. And to reduce the enterprise's emergency reserve cost and maintain its daily emergency rescue ability. The effectiveness of the model is then verified by an example of emergency supply reserve of oil tank fire. This paper provides the necessary theoretical support for the enterprise emergency material reserve system.

This paper investigates the reliability of complex emergency logistics networks, as reliability is crucial to reducing environmental and public health losses in post-accident emergency rescues. Such networks’ statistical characteristics are analyzed first. After the connected reliability and evaluation indices for complex emergency logistics networks are effectively defined, simulation analyses of network reliability are conducted under two different attack modes using a particular emergency logistics network as an example. The simulation analyses obtain the varying trends in emergency supply times and the ratio of effective nodes and validates the effects of network characteristics and different types of attacks on network reliability. The results demonstrate that this emergency logistics network is both a small-world and a scale-free network. When facing random attacks, the emergency logistics network steadily changes, whereas it is very fragile when facing selective attacks. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the protection of supply nodes and nodes with high connectivity. The simulation method provides a new tool for studying emergency logistics networks and a reference for similar studies.

International audience; This paper studies the strategic problem of designing emergency supply networks to support disaster relief over a planning horizon. The problem addresses decisions on the location and number of distribution centres needed, their capacity, and the quantity of each emergency item to keep in stock. It builds on a case study inspired by real-world data obtained from the North Carolina Emergency Management Division (NCEM) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). To tackle the problem, a scenario- based approach is proposed involving three phases: disaster scenario generation, design generation and design evaluation. Disasters are modelled as stochastic processes and a Monte Carlo procedure is derived to generate plausible catastrophic scenarios. Based on this detailed representation of disasters, a multi-phase modelling framework is proposed to design the emergency supply network. The two-stage stochastic programming model proposed is solved using a sample average approximation method. This scenario-based solution approach is applied to the case study to generate plausible scenarios, to produce alternative designs and to evaluate them on a set of performance measures in order to select the best design.

This paper focuses on assessing the crisis preparedness of healthcare facilities as a new module of crisis management information systems. The crisis is widespread around the world, and it is essential that the medical facility is ready. The first part of the thesis deals with the introduction to the given issue and the crisis preparedness of the population. The second part of the paper deals with the analysis of extraordinary events and crisis situations around the world. The impact of emergencies on healthcare facilities is described in this part. The third part of the thesis deals with the emergency survival of the population. The following part describes the methods used in this research. The heuristic analysis of preparedness is one of the most valuable methods. The next section presents the results of the work according to the chosen method. In this section, we will find the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluated medical facilities. At the end of the thesis is proposed a new module for evaluation of medical facilities. This module can be applied as part of crisis management information systems. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences., Integral Grant Agency, Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FAI/2018/001]; Department of Security Engineering

International audience; This article focuses on the calculation of the optimal stock-out risk when resorting to emergency supplies is allowed. The studied context is a supply chain where several distant mixed-model assembly lines trigger the demand of a component used for assembly. When the cumulated lead time of a component exceeds the frozen horizon of the material requirement planning (MRP) of at least one of the assembly lines, its demand becomes stochastic. This leads to a mix between production to stock and production to order for the component of interest. The periodic replenishment policy is designed to address demand uncertainty in consistence with MRP information. To prevent stock-out propagation along the supply chain, the emergency supply is used as a last resort. The calculation of the optimal order-up-to-level and its associated optimal stock-out risk are based on a single-period trade-off between holding cost and emergency supply cost (transportation and production).

The research is based on the background of the emergency, considering that the supply side of the supply chain is interrupted under the influence of the emergencies, and then respond immediately to the supply of regional cooperation network to avoid the impact of the emergencies to the production enterprises. In addition to presenting technical details of the supply cooperation network, the article aims to heighten awareness of the capabilities of the model in order to stimulate its application to as wide a range of problems in as many enterprise disasters as possible. As an application, we implement an elasticity measurement algorithm that selects important data of enterprises node and dynamically measured the flexibility of network. Recent research had shown that the supply network can respond quickly to emergency and against the influence of the supply chain disruption in the supply side. Finally, we demonstrate that the supply cooperation network provides a solution for the enterprise supply chain and interruption of the supply side; it’s also helpful to improve the operational efficiency of a supply chain and the elasticity of the supply chain.

In construction period of megaprojects, once natural disasters, serious accidents, serious environmental pollution, and other emergencies occur, if without a comprehensive pre-made emergency plan, those emergencies will not be efficient controlled or even has an irreversible negative impact on company reputation. Thus, it is important to establish and execute the emergency plan for environment, safety, firefighting, health, security, labor standards etc., especially for EHS management of those mega construction projects.

International audience; We propose a multi-agent-based architecture for the management of Emergency Supply Chains (ESCs), in which each zone is controlled by an agent. A Decision Support System (DSS) states and solves, in a distributed way, the scheduling problem for the delivery of resources from the ESC supplying zones to the ESC crisis-affected areas. Thanks to the agents' cooperation, the DSS provides a scheduling plan that guarantees an effective response to emergencies. The approach is applied to two real cases: the Mali and the Japan crisis. Simulations are based on real data that have been validated by a team of logisticians from Airbus Defense and Space.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse supply chain network management (SCNM) in the context of emergency preparedness management (EPM). The results of this study revealed that civil-military relations are essential for EPM to function as a coordinated approach to safety and security, and are necessary to respond effectively to complex emergencies and mitigating threats to developed countries. Civil-military relations are still a concern in the context of communication, the exercise of authority, and the coordination of emergency supplies (ES) to emergency operations. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study is based on field observations, with attention focused on the EPM of Sweden, Finland, and Poland. The analysis of a broader SCNM through EPM was supported by semi-structured interviews among civil-military actors in Sweden, information collected from informal conversations known as “hanging out”, and secondary materials. Empirically, the analysis included a variety of civil-military relationships and identified implications for management, policy, and planning that are applicable to developed countries. Findings The management of civil-military relations is a meaningful resource when used as an overall approach for safety and security. The integration of civil-military relations in EPM in the planning of ES is a long-standing and complex matter. The management of Swedish civil-military relations in EPM is recognising that implications for management are imbedded in continuous policy changes in, for example, the Swedish policy history. Civil-military relational complications that arise in the field of operations are impossible to anticipate during emergency planning, as those complications are grounded in policy changes. Originality/value Escalating threats to developed countries are highlighted. The study underlines the primary measures used in studying military involvement in EPM. An understanding of SCNM as a choice for management can be obtained in future research that focuses on a broader role of the military in EPM. Sweden has emphasised a clearer role for the military by reactivating total defence planning and by evolving common practices and processes with civil actors in civil defence. Meanwhile, Poland and Finland are increasing their focus on supporting the management of civil-military policies on safety and security regarding communication, authority, and developing coordination. Consistent with findings from previous reports on SCNM, civil-military relations are essential for EPM. This study confirmed the importance of civil-military coordination, the management and practice of authority, and shared forms of communication.

The article presents the safety issue bonded to the Polish Air Force aircrafts, which uses for emergency supply special fuel called hydrazine, which is 70% aqueous solution of toxic hydrazine with designation H-70. For this reason, the rescue services of Polish Air Force bases where this types of aircraft are stationed had to be adjusted accordingly. Just as importantly authors noticed that in the event of an emergency landing of this aircraft at different airports can receive difficulties associated with the possible leakage of hydrazine, or its neutralization in the absence of specialized Hydrazine Response Team, which are part of the Aircraft rescue and firefighting.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the optimum distribution plan through input and output analysis, and to improve the efficiency of decision-making and relief operation in the emergency supply chain. The data were obtained via an official figures survey on demand information. And stimulated experiment is carried out based on these official figures. This study developed an improved DEA for optimization of medical textiles distribution in emergency supply chain to find out the best distribution plan with the highest relative efficiency. The improved DEA model introduces aggressive cross evaluation approach to improve the basic C2R model, which primarily determines the matrix of relative efficiency Eii. Aggressive cross evaluation aims to maximize self-performance of each, and to minimize performance of other as far as possible, and finally find out the optimum solution. Further, model is constructed to validate the DEA effective.

The article deals with the ways of dealing with the concept of drinking water supply in the event of emergencies and crisis situations. The contribution defines concepts related to crisis planning, describes preventive measures to ensure a prompt resolution of a situation, solution to minimize the damage caused by the incident and, last but not least, the possible ways of ensuring the supply of drinking water in emergency situations.

China has a vast territory and a large population density. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters has caused enormous losses to the lives and property of our people. With the expansion of the connotation of rescue organizations, a cooperative relationship between rescue organizations and rescue organizations and commercial organizations to improve rescue efficiency and minimize losses caused by natural disasters has become a research in emergency supply chain research. New perspective. Through the construction of the natural disaster emergency supply chain elastic simulation model, the paper optimizes and analyzes the two strategies of fortification inventory and emergency procurement to obtain the optimal solution and proposes the elastic optimization strategy. With the dynamics of simulation, the simulation model of natural disaster emergency supply chain is established, and the elasticity is optimized as the optimization goal.

A three-echelon network for emergency supplies dispatching is designed according to the characteristics of emergency supplies dispatching under the unconventional emergency. This paper aims at proposing a multi-objective programming model of minimum cost as well as shortest time under the circumstance of multiple depots, multiple supply-hubs, multiple disaster places, multiple type of supplies and multiple transportation modes. It finally solves the model by integer programming algorithm and testifies the validity of the model with an example.