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Background: In most children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) who have received chemotherapy with and without radi-otherapy, some late effects due to treatment may occur such as endocrinopathies. Methods: We evaluated growth criteria (including short stature, obesity) and thyroid test function in 50 children with ALL (n= 25) and NHL (n= 25) 3-17 year-old in remis-sion period who randomly received chemotherapy with (n= 25) or without (n= 25) radi-ation such as our treatment groups. The values for height, weight and BMI in less than 5th or more than 95 th percentile considers abnormal. Results: Six (12%) patients were in less than 5th percentile height (short stature). Two patients (4.0%) had over-weight and 48 (96%) were in normal range of BMI. Six (12%) patients were in less than 5th and 3 (6%) were in more than 95 th weight percentile. There was no significant difference between two different treatment groups for TSH (P= 0.662 (but there was a significant difference between these groups in case of T4 (P= 0.049(. Mean and SD for T4 in patients with chemotherapy alone was less than in whom received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. There was no significant difference between ALL and NHL groups for TSH, T4 (P= 0.567, 0.528 respectively). Two boys with ALL without history of radiation had hypothyroidism that had based on their la-boratory data. Conclusion: Regarding to effects of thyroid dysfunction on short stature and obesity in adolescent with ALL and NHL, we suggest to have more attention about growth, thy-roid test to avoid late side effect of malignancy treatment.

Introduction: Sometimes physicians need to assess some markers on selected children's cerebrospinal fluid specimen according to lumbar puncture (LP). Although immediate diagnosis and treatment especially for meningitis is necessary, But just at this moment, due to some incorrect believe in society, some parents may not allow physician to do LP. The reality is that most of these people, if they have enough information about this issue, will not interfere. This study aimed to assess parent 's knowledge and attitudes toward this subject. Materials and Method: Through a cross - sectional study we evaluated 91 parents, who their child must been undergone LP as physician’s decision, selected during 18 months using purposive sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including two sections of the child and the parents' knowledge and attitudes. Scientific validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity. To achieve the objectives, SPSS ver.15 and descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used. Results: 61 parents(67%) mentioned fear of some side effects as the main reason of their children 's LP discontent .The most important cause of fear was low back pain according to 50 (54.9%) parents 's view. 70 parents (76.9%) had some satisfaction after performing LP .There was statistically significant difference between proportion of satisfied parents and non-satisfied ones (p

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are the most common malignancies in children and adolescents. Therapies such as corticosteroids, cytotoxic and radiotherapy will have harmful effect on bone mineral density (BMD) which can lead to increased possibility of osteoporosis and pathological fractures. Subjects and methods: This 3-year cross-sectional study was performed in 50 children with ALL (n=25) and NHL (n=25) at Dr. Sheikh Children's Hospital in Mashhad. Half the patients received chemotherapy alone (n=25), while the other half received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (n=25). We assessed them in the remission phase by DEXA bone mineral densitometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (hip). The survey results were adjusted in accordance with age, height, sex and Body Mass Index. Results : The mean age was 3.93± 8.28 years. There was no significant difference in bone biomarkers (Ca, P, ALP, PTH) among ALL, NHL and also the two treatment groups. Children with ALL had lower density at the hip and lumbar spine (p-value

In Portugal, Carixian is generally represented by alternative layers of marly limestones characterized by nodule and lumpy levels. These layers are particularly developped [show preferential development] on passage areas to a sedimentary basin, particularly along the slope of tilted blocks between the Meseta and Berlenga's horst. This facies is included in the range of the «nodular limestone» and of the «ammonitico-rosso». Limestones are radiolaria micrites with fragments of pelagic organisms (ammonoids, thin shelled gastropods). These layers can be affected by intensive bioturbation (Brenha) which is responsible for dismantlement, specially where the initial thickness does not exceed a few centimetres. This process can lead to the isolation of residual nodules (Brenha, São Pedro de Muel, Peniche) which can be mobilised by massive sliding (Peniche). The isolated elements, shell fragments or residual nodules, can also be incrustated, thus developing oncolitic cryptalgal structures. At Brenha the lump structure developed progressively into a sequence overlapping the normal sedimentary one (thick limestone beds alternating with bituminous shales). Cryptalgal structures correspond to rather unstable environment conditions on mobile margins. These structures are known in deep pelagic sediments corresponding to well defined events of the geodynamic evolution (end of the initial rifting). Cryptalgal accretions disappear towards the sedimentary basin, and the nodular levels are less important. In the articulation areas with the Tomar platform, small mounds and cupules (Alcabideque) developed within the alternating marly-limestone levels. They represent the so called «mud mounds» of metric dimensions. The upper part of these «mud mounds» is hardened, showing track remains and supporting some brachiopods and pectinids. Hence the lumpy facies of Portugal is included among the range of sedimentaty environments and can be used as «geodynamic tracer».

The Peniche section has revealed moderately-to-well preserved calcareous nannofossil assemblages across the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary. This good record has allowed the proposition of a refined biostratigraphic scheme. The stage boundary, as defined by ammonites, is comprised within the NJ5b C. impontus (NW Europe; BOWN & COOPER, 1998) or the NJT5b L. sigillatus (Mediterranean Tethys; MATTIOLI & ERBA, 1999) nannofossil subzones. Since in the Lusitanian Basin a mixing of N- and S-Tethyan taxa is observed, both biozonation schemes can be applied. Some nannofossil events (mainly first occurrences) are observed earlier in Portugal than in other Tethyan settings. It is still unclear if these events are real first occurrences. A diversification phase occurred across the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary. This phase is well recorded at Peniche, where a change is observed passing from the Pliensbachian, when assemblages are dominated by muroliths, to the Toarcian showing assemblages where placoliths are abundant. A quantification of nannofossils per gram of rock shows that absolute abundances are the highest across the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary. Indeed, Peniche exhibits nannofossil abundances very high with respect to correlative levels in other Tethyan settings. The pelagic carbonate fraction (produced by nannofossils) is important in the marly hemi-couplets of Peniche. In some levels, nannofossils account for more than 50% of the total carbonate fraction.

The Peniche section (Ponta do Trovão) in Portugal is presented as potential stratotype (GSSP) for the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary. The lithostratigraphic succession is described and the chronostratigraphy, based on ammonite assemblages, is presented; the change in foraminifera assemblages occurs later, only at the base of beds 16 (base of Semicelatum Subzone, Crosbeyi ? Horizon). An extensive bibliographical list of all scientific articles containing specific reference to this stratigraphic boundary, whether from the Lusitanian or Algarve basins, is also presented.

The Peniche section (Portugal) is considered as a potential stratotype (GSSP) for the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary and it is analysed on the background of the available data on the ammonite successions from other Tethyan and NW European areas.

The geological sections studied at the São Gião sector (Cantanhede region) have allowed the establishment of a clear succession of ammonite associations during the Middle and Upper Toarcian (“Margas calcárias de São Gião” and “Calcários margosos de Póvoa da Lomba” Formations). The fossil collections were gathered over the last 40 years and, in spite of the apparent facies monotony, come from a thick and fossiliferous marly-limestone unit. The ammonite succession allows the establishment and/or verification of a certain number of biostratigraphical elements, of which are worthy of mention: – the tethyan character of the fauna from the Gradata to the Meneghinii Zones; this differentiation starts with the occurrence of Collina, Crassiceras and Furloceras of the Gradata Zone; – the succession of Osperleioceras, with the connection between the “caussenardes”(O. reynesi, O. authelini) forms and those from Algeria (O. nadorense, O. matteii), which is placed at the beginning of the Aalensis Zone; – the succession of Hammatoceratinae: H. roubanense (Gradata Z.), H. bonarellii (Bonarellii Z.), H. speciosum (Speciosum Sub-zone), followed by Crestaites meneghinii (Reynesi Sub-zone and Meneghinii Z.); Pseudaptetoceras appear next (Aalensis Zone). The dynamic evolution of the sector is characterized by the persistence of marly sedimentation during the Meneghinii Zone, in probable relation to the paleostructural play of the Arunca-Montemor meridian axis.

[ES] La comparación entre las escalas bioestratigráficas del Toarciense de las Cordilleras Ibérica y Béticas y de Portugal ha permitido el establecimiento de varias correlaciones, a pesar de un cierto número de problemas (asociaciones fánicas de afinidades distintas, diferencia de criterios en la definición de las unidades cronológicas, ausencia local de ciertos indicadores paleontológicos, diversidad de las concepciones taxonómicas de los autores), [FR] La comparaison entre les échelles biostratigraphiques du Toarcien des Cordilléres lbérique et Bétiques et du Portugal a permit to l’établissement de plusieurs correlations. Malgré un certain nombre de problémes (associations fauniques d´affinitié. defferences de critères dans la définítion des unités cronologiques, absence locale de certaíns repères palèontologiques deversité des conceptions taxomiomiques des auteurs., [EN] Comparisons among biostratigraphic of the lberian Range. Betic Range and Portugal pcrmit to stablis correlations. Nevertheless some dificulties were present: faunics associations of different affinities. different criteria in the definition of the cronologic units local absence of some paleontological indicators and the contrasted opinions of the a uthíors about the taxomiomic concepts.

Objective Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy, which was first described by Tomas Kearn in 1958. Diagnostic symptoms include retinitis pigmentosa, chronic and progressive external ophthalmoplegia plus one or more of following factors: heart conduction system disorders, cerebellar ataxia, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein content above 100 mg/dL. The nature of this uncommon disease is yet to be clarified. In this paper, we report a case of Kearns-Sayre syndrome. According to the previous records, the first manifestation of Kearns- Sayre syndrome as hypoparathyroidism is uncommon and in this article, we report a case with this problem.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods have been used to evaluate the efficiency of four quinoline derivatives on corrosion inhibition in the aqueous phase. Some quantum chemical parameters such as hardness (η), electrophilicity (w), polarizability (a), energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), electronegativity (c), total amount of electronic charge transferred (ΔN), Total Negative Charges (TNC) on the whole of the molecule, Molecular Volume (MV), surface area and Fukui index were calculated. Molecular dynamics simulation showed a view of the dynamic evolution of the interaction energy between surface of metal and inhibitors. Results of two methods showed QUIN4 inhibitor has higher negative interactions and efficiency as compared to the other inhibitors, which was consistent with the experimental report.

L'étude du Lias et du Dogger inférieur du bassin de Guercif permet de définir deux-zones paléogéographiques bien distinctes : une zone relativement stable et peu subsidente (Hauts Plateaux), et une zone occidentale beaucoup plus mobile, faisant partie du sillon moyen-atlasique. Les sédiments qui s'y sont déposés témoignent de milieux très variables du point de vue de 1a bathymétrie et de 1'hydrodynamisme. Leur agencement en séquences transgressives et régressives est à la base d'une reconstitution de l'évolution paléogéographique du secteur. Une première transgression a lieu dès le Lotharingien au SW (Kébibicha) puis s'étend en direction du Nord (région de Taourirt). A partir du Domérien, une flexure sépare la plate-forme carbonate*des Hauts Plateaux où vont s'observer des jeux en blocs basculés du domaine de bassin situé à l'Est. Au Toarcien cette plate-forme s'étend par progradation vers le SW et peut être aussi vers le NE. Elle est envahie par des dépôts intertidaux de marnes rouges et de dolomies. A l'Aalénien, la sédimentation est exclusivement carbonatée avec des faciès à Cance1lophycus dans le bassin. Au Bajocien, les accidents situés sur la marge de la plate-forme sont réactivés, ce qui entraîne de nombreux glissements dans le quart NE du bassin ; en même temps on note une invasion de produits détritiques, argileux et silteux qui s'accumulent dans un bassin très subsident. Les turbidites silteuses et gréseuses marquent le passage au Bathonien inférieur.