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Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 The effect of mineral salts on water ingestion and urine volume in cattle has been extensively studied. However, recently, this effect has been investigated as a potential mitigator of environmental aspects related to the nitrogen (N) cycle, such as nitrate (NO3 −) lixiviation, ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The effect of mineral salts, particularly sodium chloride (NaCl), on urine-N concentration, urine volume, the proportion of N compounds in the urine, and faecal-N concentration has not yet been explored in field conditions with respect to environmental aspects of beef cattle production. The present study investigated the effect of dietary mineral salt rates on these parameters. A Latin square (5 × 5) experimental design was utilised with five concentrations of mineral salts in the diet: 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 g based on dry matter (DM) ingestion (g/kg DM). The nitrogen concentration in the urine and urine volume increased linearly. The total N excreted (g/day) via urine did not vary with increasing mineral salt concentrations. When evaluated, the N compounds of urine (urea-N, allantoin-N, and hippuric acid-N) also reacted to the increased mineral salt concentrations, while creatinine-N did not. Urea-N, allantoin-N, and hippuric acid-N linearly increased their proportions in total N-urine. The N concentration in faeces was not affected by mineral salt concentrations. The urine volume, concentration of N, and proportion of N compounds in the urine affected N2O emissions and NH3 volatilisation. Therefore, mineral salt utilisation may be an option for mitigating N pollution from beef cattle, especially for grasslands in tropical countries. Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5 Nutripura Embrapa Southeast Livestock Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Queensland University Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Increasing attention is being paid to the importance of N2O emissions due to livestock activities in tropical countries. Understanding the key variables driving N2O emission could help minimize impacts of N2O release and improve the accuracy of N2O inventories. We aimed to investigate the effects of soil moisture, soil compaction, urine composition, urine volume, and dung addition on N2O emissions from a urine-treated tropical Ferralsol under controlled conditions. Manipulated soil conditions (e.g., moisture content, compaction, and dung addition) affected N2O emissions when varying quantities of urine-N (p = 0.02) were applied (urine volumes remained equal) and when varying urine volumes (p = 0.04) were applied (quantities of urine-N remained equal). When the amount of urine-N applied was varied, the estimated N2O emission factor (EF) was 3.14 ± 0.70%, 2.29 ± 1.25%, 3.90 ± 0.64%, 4.73 ± 0.88%, and 6.62 ± 1.10% for moist soil, dry soil, compacted soil, plus dung, and plus dung and compacted soil treatments, respectively. While varying the volume of urine, the estimated N2O EF was 4.96 ± 1.66%, 4.27 ± 1.42%, 3.99 ± 1.19%, 6.50 ± 0.35%, and 7.37 ± 0.76% for moist, dry soil, compacted soil, plus dung, and plus dung and compacted soils treatments, respectively. The urine-N concentration influenced N2O emissions (p = 0.02) [which decreased linearly (p = 0.062)] as well the volume of urine (p < 0.01) [which increased linearly (p < 0.01)]. The chemical form of the applied urine-N (urea, nitrate, or ammonium) did not affect N2O emissions and the emissions factor averaged 1.40 ± 0.38%. N2O production was affected by the KCl concentration in the urine (p < 0.01), and the effect was curvilinear. The key driving factor affecting N2O emissions was soil moisture content. The N2O response varied when the urine volume differed (in both moist and dry soil conditions), and with the addition of dung. Department of Animal Science Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua João Naves de Ávila 2121, Santa Mônica Department of Animal Science Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2011/00060-8 FAPESP: 2012/04605-1 FAPESP: 2012/06718-8 FAPESP: 2013/00204-5 FAPESP: 2013/24782-8

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:41:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 In this study we conducted four field trials (two wet- and two dry-season) to quantify N2O and CH4 emissions, NH3 volatilization, and N2O emission factors (EF3PRP) following the application of cattle dung, urine, dung plus urine, and urea fertilizer on a palisade-grass pastureland in Brazil. The EF3PRP differed with treatment and season. Wet season EF3PRP were 0.36%, 1.02%, and 0.84% and dry season EF3PRP were 0.32%, 0.47%, and 0.34% for dung, urine, and dung plus urine, respectively. These emission factors are maybe lower than the default proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; 2%). Methane emissions also differed according to the treatment and season, and annualized dung emissions were 0.54 kg CH4 head−1 year−1. The fraction of total-N from animal manure and urine emitted as NH3 (FracGASM) in the wet season for dung, urine and dung plus urine was 7.2%, 6.3%, and 6.4%, respectively; lower than the rate of dry season volatilization from urine (14.2%) and dung plus urine (11.5%). Observed FracGASM is probably lower than the IPCC guideline (20%). Emissions of N2O, CH4, and the volatilization of NH3 after urea treatment were not influenced by season; N2O emissions from urea were 0.85%, CH4 emissions were 112 g CH4-C ha−1, and N-fertilizer lost as NH3 was 16.9%. The emission factors observed in this experiment differed from the IPCC Guidelines; observed N2O emissions were lower than the guideline (1%), and FracGASF was higher than the 10% guideline. Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Rodovia Aquidauana/UEMS - Km 12 Uberlandia Federal University, Rua João Naves de Ávila 2121, Uberlândia Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), dos anos de avaliação e dos ciclos de pastejo sobre as modificações na estrutura vertical do dossle, bem como a proporção de componentes morfológicos de pastos capim-xaraés submetidos a intensidades de pastejo, durante dois verões. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária da Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, SP, e as intensidades de pastejos foram definidas por IAFr: 0,8; 1,3; 1,8 e 2,3. Quando o dossel interceptou 95% da luz incidente, os animais foram colocados no piquete para o pastejo e permaneceram até o IAFr alvo ser alcançado. Os pastejos foram realizados por vacas da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus taurus L.) não lactantes, com peso corporal médio de 450kg±50kg, utilizando-se a técnica de mob-stocking. Foram avaliadas a proporção de componentes morfológicos dos pastos e a estrutura vertical do dossel pelo aparelho de ponto inclinado. Índices de área foliar residual de 1,3 a 1,8 são os que melhores respostas apresentam em relação à estrutura vertical do dossel e à proporção dos componentes morfológicos de pastos de capim-xaraés submetidos a intensidades de pastejo. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles in the vertical structure of the canopy and the proportion of morphological components of xaraés palisadegrass pastures submitted to grazing intensities in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target had been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos taurus taurus L.) using the mob-stocking technique. the proportion of the morphological components of the pasture and the vertical structure of the canopy by the inclined point device was evaluated. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in relation to the vertical structure of the canopy and proportion of the morphological components of the pasture submitted to grazing intensities.

Published in Agron. J. 107:957–962 (2015) doi:10.2134/agronj14.0480 Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABSTRACT

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:08:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Greenhouse gases (GHG) can be affected by grazing intensity, soil, and climate variables. This study aimed at assessing GHG emissions from a tropical pasture of Brazil to evaluate (i) how the grazing intensity affects the magnitude of GHG emissions; (ii) how season influences GHG production and consumption; and (iii) what are the key driving variables associated with GHG emissions. We measured under field conditions, during two years in a palisade-grass pasture managed with 3 grazing intensities: heavy (15 cm height), moderate (25 cm height), and light (35 cm height) N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes using static closed chambers and chromatographic quantification. The greater emissions occurred in the summer and the lower in the winter. N2O, CH4, and CO2 fluxes varied according to the season and were correlated with pasture grazing intensity, temperature, precipitation, % WFPS (water-filled pores space), and soil inorganic N. The explanatory variables differ according to the gas and season. Grazing intensity had a negative linear effect on annual cumulative N2O emissions and a positive linear effect on annual cumulative CO2 emissions. Grazing intensity, season, and year affected N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions. Tropical grassland can be a large sink of N2O and CH4. GHG emissions were explained for different key driving variables according to the season. Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Uberlandia Federal University, Rua João Naves de Ávila 2121, Santa Mônica Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Via de Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane UNESP Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Via de Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane UNESP FAPESP: 2011/00060-8 FAPESP: 2012/04605-1 FAPESP: 2012/06718-8 FAPESP: 2012/14956-6

The aim of this work was evaluate introduction of byproducts of oleaginous in lambs feeding. Diets were composed for 30% of Tifton hay and 70% of concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, soybean cake, sunflower cake and peanut cake, limestone and mineral mixture, as dites: FS – control with soybean meal, TS – soybean cake as part of the concentrate, TG sunflower cake as part of the concentrate and TA – peanut cake as part of the concentrate. For performance evaluating 24 Santa Inês lambs with initial age and weight of 70 days and 19 + 2 kg, according to a completely randomized design. For digestive evaluate, weight Santa Inês sheep with initial age and weight of 70 days and 16 + 1.2 kg, adapted to the use of bag, for collect feces. Animals were distributed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square and means were compared by Tukey’s test with 5% significance level. By the performance trial, duration of confinement, weight gain, fed conversion and the dry matter intake were not affected (P>0,05), with averages of 54.29 days, 259 g/day, 4.29 kg of DM/kg and 1.32 kg/day, respectively. There were no difference P>0,05) for intake DM, OM, CP, CT and CE among diets, digestibility trial with averages of 76.23; 74.47; 76.44; 41.12; 73.00 and 93.00%, respectively. There were no differences for digestibility DM, OM, CP, ADF, CT and NCF. The partial substitution of the soybean meal for byproducts of oleaginous was a good proteic alternative in the feeding of lambs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different carbohydrate sources associated with sunflower oil on intake, digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance in diets of lambs. Twenty lambs were used, assigned in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two sources of neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate, starch and neutral detergent soluble fiber, with and without the inclusion of 4.2% sunflower oil. The dry matter intake was not affected by carbohydrate sources and the inclusion of oil. Diets with a high percentage of starch provided higher digestibility of dry matter, starch and ether extract. The different sources of carbohydrates had no interference on digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent soluble fiber, nonfiber carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber. The addition of oil in the diets increased the digestibility of ether extract. The combination of 4.2% oil in the diet high in soluble neutral detergent fiber had no influence on the nutrient digestibility, otherwise, the addition of oil at high starch diet caused a significant reduction in the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and nonfiber carbohydrates. The quantities of nitrogen intake, absorbed and retained, did not differ as sources of carbohydrates and oil inclusion in the diet. The association of 4.2 % sunflower oil to the different sources of carbohydrates in the diet does not affect consumption and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. The addition of 4.2 % oil in the diet with high starch (28% of DM diet) promotes reduction in digestibility of organic matter, of fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrate in the diet.

The objective this work was to evaluate the degradation, fermentation and kinetics of passage rumen fluid en sheep fed diets containing different carbohydrate associated with the oil. Four rumen cannulated sheep were allotted in 4 x 4 latin square. The treatments consisted of diets with high neutral detergent soluble fiber and diets with high starch associated or not with 4,2% of oil. Incubation times were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours and ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after feeding. Diets high neutral detergent fiber soluble resulted in greater degradation of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber soluble and starch, and higher pH values, butyric acid production, dilution rate and ruminal recycling compared with diets high starch content. The inclusion of 4,2% oil the different carbohydrate sources had no influence on the fermentation kinetics and degradation of the fiber. High content of neutral detergent soluble fiber in the diet favors the ruminal fermentation compared to the high starch content.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912013000400003.pdf: 272689 bytes, checksum: 1d2cf407adc6d6de53ce77f0af961300 (MD5) Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de produção dos gases CH4 e CO2 in vitro dos ingredientes casca de soja, farelo de girassol, milho, polpa cítrica e silagem de milho. Quatro ovinos canulados no rúmen foram alimentados com dietas contendo os ingredientes avaliados na proporção volumoso:concentrado de 40:60. Os gases produzidos na incubação das amostras em líquido ruminal foram mensurados pela injeção em cromatógrafo gasoso equipado com detector de ionização de chama. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso em medidas repetidas no tempo, com três repetições para cada alimento avaliado em quatro diferentes períodos. Nas condições experimentais deste trabalho, foram verificados diferentes potenciais para produção de gases entre os ingredientes. A polpa cítrica foi o ingrediente de maior potencial de produção de CO2. A silagem de milho e casca de soja foram os ingredientes de maior potencial e a polpa cítrica e o farelo de girassol os de menor potencial para produção de CH4 em relação à matéria seca degradada, podendo ser considerados, entre os ingredientes avaliados, os de menores impactos ao ambiente. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CH4 and CO2 in vitro production of soybean hulls, sunflower meal, corn, citrus pulp and corn silage. Four rumen-cannulated sheep were fed diets containing the evaluated ingredients at 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio. The gases produced by samples incubation were measured by injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with three replicates for each evaluated food at four different periods. Under the experimental conditions, we verified different potential gas production among the ingredients. The citrus pulp meal was the ingredient with the greatest potential for CO2production. Corn silage and soybean hulls showed the greatest potential while citrus pulp and sunflower meal showed the least potential for CH4 production, when expressed in mL/g of degraded dry matter; therefore, they can be considered, among the evaluated ingredients, those with the lowest environmental impact. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraés palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo sobre o acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e variações na estrutura de pastos de capim-xaraés sob pastejo em lotação intermitente, em dois verões agrostológicos. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária da Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, SP e as intensidades de pastejos foram definidas por quatro IAFr: 0,8; 1,3; 1,8 e 2,3. Quando o dossel interceptou 95% da luz incidente, os animais foram colocados no piquete para o pastejo e permaneceram até que o IAFr alvo foi alcançado. Os pastejos foram realizados por vacas da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus taurus L.) não lactantes, utilizando-se a técnica de mob-stocking. Foram avaliadas a altura do dossel, acúmulo, desaparecimento e componentes morfológicos da forragem e período de descanso. Índices de área foliar residual de 1,3 a 1,8 são os que melhores respostas apresentaram em relação ao acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e estrutura do pasto. Observou-se variabilidade de respostas no acúmulo e desaparecimento de forragem e estrutura dos pastos em relação aos anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo dentro de cada ano.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass subjected to grazing intensities in two summers (years of evaluation). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass respond effectively to weather conditions. There is variability in morphogenetic and structural characteristics in response to years and grazing cycles within years. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de índices de área foliar residual (IAFr), anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo sobre as características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés sob pastejo, em dois verões agrostológicos (anos de avaliação). O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil e as intensidades de pastejos foram definidas por quatro IAFr: 0,8; 1,3; 1,8 e 2,3. Quando o dossel interceptou 95% da luz incidente, os animais foram colocados no piquete para o pastejo e permaneceram até que o IAFr alvo foi alcançado. Os pastejos foram realizados por vacas da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus taurus L.) não lactantes, utilizando-se a técnica de mob-stocking. As características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-xaraés respondem de forma efetiva as mudanças nas condições climáticas. Observa-se variabilidade nas características morfogênicas e estruturais em respostas aos anos de avaliação e ciclos de pastejo dentro de ano.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the in situ degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) in roughages by the in situ caecal digestion technique in horses. The roughages evaluated were: Lucerne hay (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo), desmodio(Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross hay (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). The assay was conducted in a complete randomized design with seven roughages and three replications. One mare with a cannula fitted in the caecum was used, fed diet consisting of coastcross hay (80%) and concentrate (20%) at 2.0% BW, four times a day. Nylon 6.5 × 20 cm bags were used with 45 μ/pore, containing 5.2 g DM/bag, inserting 3 or 4 bags in the caecum at the times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours incubation. The caecum in situ degradability parameters of nutrients were obtained by Ørskov model. The DM degradability parameters of all the roughages were significant. There was no fit to the model for pigeon pea for CP and NDF and desmodio. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented larger potentially degradable DM with values of 53, 46.5 and 40%, respectively, and higher values for the soluble fraction of 20, 21, 28.6%, with high degradability rates of 10.36, 20.26 and 14.8% h-1. Higher NDF degradation rates were observed in these foodstuffs with values of 9.1 and 11.3, 11.2% h-1, high potentially degradable fraction with values of 55, 51.8 and 47.2%, and greater CP degradation at 48 hours with values of 87, 95, and 94.8%. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented potential for use in horses diets.Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação da matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e proteína bruta de alimentos volumosos pela técnica da digestão cecal in situ em equinos. Avaliaram-se as forrageiras: feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo), desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium), estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão), guandu (Cajanus cajan), macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) e feno de coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). O ensaio teve duração de 35 dias e foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete alimentos e três repetições. Utilizou-se uma égua fistulada no ceco, alimentada com dieta composta por feno de coastcross (80%) e concentrado (20%), fornecida quatro vezes ao dia em quantidade equivalente a 2% do peso vivo. No ceco, foram inseridos 3 a 4 sacos de náilon de porosidade 45 μ de 6,5 × 20 cm, contendo 5,2 g de MS/saco, nos tempos de 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas de incubação. Os parâmetros de degradação da MS de todos os volumosos foram significativos. Não houve ajuste no modelo de degradação da PB e FDN do guandu. O amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma apresentaram maior fração potencialmente degradável da MS, com valores de 53, 46,5 e 40%, respectivamente, e os maiores valores da fração solúvel de 20, 21, 28,6%, além de elevadas taxas de degradação (10,36, 20,26 e 14,8%h-1). Nestes alimentos, também foram observadas as maiores taxas de degradação da FDN (9,1 e 11,3, 11,2%h-1), das frações potencialmente degradáveis (55, 51,8 e 47,2%) e as mais altas taxas de degradação da PB em 48 horas de incubação (87, 95, 94,8%, respectivamente). O amendoim forrageiro, o estilosantes e o macrotiloma apresentam potencial de uso nas dietas para equinos.

Determinaram-se as frações dos carboidratos não fibrosos, hidrolisáveis e rapidamente fermentáveis em diferentes dietas e estimou-se a digestibilidade aparente desses nutrientes em dois ensaios com equinos. No ensaio I, utilizaram-se quatro equinos em delineamento quadrado latino 4x4, que consumiram dietas compostas por: feno de tifton-85; feno de tifton-85 e feno de alfafa; feno de tifton-85, feno de alfafa e concentrado; feno de tifton-85 e concentrado. No ensaio II, utilizaram-se 15 equinos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, que consumiram dietas com 5, 13 e 21% de extrato etéreo, obtidos com a inclusão de diferentes proporções de óleo de soja. A inclusão de concentrado nas dietas aumentou a digestibilidade dos carboidratos não fibrosos e de suas frações, sem afetar a digestibilidade da fibra, enquanto, em dietas com 13% de extrato etéreo, a digestibilidade das frações dos carboidratos fibrosos e a dos não fibrosos não foram afetadas. Nas dietas com 21% de extrato etéreo, houve redução na digestibilidade da celulose e dos carboidratos não fibrosos e suas frações hidrolisáveis e rapidamente fermentáveis. A análise dos carboidratos não fibrosos é uma boa estimativa do valor nutricional dos alimentos, podendo ser incluída na avaliação da qualidade dos alimentos e dietas dos equinos.

Neste estudo, foram realizados dois ensaios com os objetivos de avaliar o fracionamento dos carboidratos de alimentos volumosos e estimar a digestibilidade desses nutrientes em dois ensaios de digestão com eqüinos. No ensaio 1, foram utilizados cinco eqüinos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos - fenos de alfafa (Medicago sativa); amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi); desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium); guandu (Cajanus cajan); macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare); estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis); ou coastcross (Cynodon dactylon) - avaliados pela técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. No ensaio 2, foram utilizados quatro eqüinos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 × 4, alimentados com feno de coastcross em quatro tipos de moagem com o objetivo de avaliar se a redução do tamanho de partícula interfere na digestibilidade dos carboidratos. Os resultados comprovaram que os eqüinos possuem alta eficiência na digestão dos carboidratos não-fibrosos e de suas frações hidrolisáveis e rapidamente fermentáveis. Os fenos de amendoim forrageiro, estilosantess e macrotiloma apresentaram elevada digestibilidade dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos, enquanto a digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes do amendoim forrageiro foi superior a 70%, o que indica potencial para uso desta leguminosa em dietas para eqüinos. O processamento do feno de coastcross não influenciou a digestibilidade das frações dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos. A análise dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos é um bom indicativo do valor nutricional dos alimentos e pode ser incluída na avaliação da qualidade de alimentos para eqüinos.This work was carried out to evaluate the fractions of carbohydrates and estimate the apparent digestibility of these nutrients in two digestion assays with horses. In assay 1, five horses were allotted to a complete randomized blocks design and treatments were seven forages hays, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), peanut forage (Arachis pintoi), desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) e coastcross (Cynodon dactylon), evaluated with the mobile nylon bag technique. In assay 2, four horses were allotted to a 4 × 4 Latin Square design and fed with coastcross hay with four different processed forms with the objective of evaluating whether a reduction of the particle size affected the carbohydrate digestibility. Results showed that horses had high digestion of non-fibrous carbohydrate and hydrolysable carbohydrate and rapidly fermentable carbohydrate fractions of forages. Among the forages analyzed, peanut forage, stylo and lime-yellow pea, presented high nutrient digestibility, and the peanut forage nutrients presented digestibility above 70%, demonstrating potential to be used in diets for horses. The coastcross hay processing in different grinding degrees does not affect the fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrate fractions digestibility. Analysis of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrate fractions is a good indicative of nutritional value of feeds, and could be included in the evaluation of the quality of diets for horses.

Objetivou-se estimar a digestibilidade de nutrientes de forrageiras em eqüinos utilizando-se a técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. Foram avaliados alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium), estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis), guandu (Cajanus cajan), macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) e capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete alimentos e cinco blocos (animais). Foram utilizados cinco eqüinos mestiços com 17 a 27 anos de idade e peso vivo médio de 350 kg. O ensaio teve duração de 12 dias: três para a adaptação às baias, cinco para inserção gástrica dos sacos através de sonda nasogástrica e quatro de coleta dos sacos nas fezes. No período pré-experimental de 30 dias, os animais foram mantidos em piquetes com dieta composta de 80% de feno de coastcross e 20% de concentrado. Na confecção dos sacos, utilizou-se náilon com porosidade de 45 µ e dimensão de 7,5 × 2 cm. Em cada saco, foram inseridos 510 mg de matéria seca de amostra do alimento. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das forragens foram calculados considerando o resíduo obtido no saco. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes do amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma foram superiores à da demais forrageiras, com destaque para a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, cujos valores foram de 91,4; 94,9 e 97,0%, respectivamente. O amendoim e macrotiloma apresentaram digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro de 72,3 e 65,2% e da fibra em detergente ácido de 70,9 e 59,4%, respectivamente. O amendoim forrageiro, macrotiloma e estilosantes apresentam digestibilidade dos nutrientes satisfatória e têm potencial para o uso em dietas para eqüinos.This work was carried out to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using mobile bags technique in horses. The forages were lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A randomized block design was used with seven treatments (feeds) and five blocks (horses). Five crossbreed horses were used with age ranging from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. The assay lasted 12 days, being three days for adaptation to barns, five days for nasogastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. The diet of horses was composed of 80% of coastcross hay and 20% of commercial concentrate. During the pre-experimental period of 30 days, the horses were maintained in paddocks feeding the diet. Nylon cloth had 45µ pore size, and bags presented dimensions of 7,5 × 2 cm with 510 mg of DM of forage sample/bag. The nutrient digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. The nutrient digestibility of peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea were high than the other forages, mainly crude protein with values of 91.4, 94.9 and 97.0%, respectively. Fibrous fractions of peanut and lime-yellow pea presented digestibility values of NDF of 72.3 and 65, 2%, and ADF of 70.9 and 59.4%, respectively. Peanut, lime-yellow pea and stylo presented satisfactory nutrient digestibility and had potential to use in diets for horses.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912014000200003.pdf: 282307 bytes, checksum: 913b3dc4d079fe7535ce369b55ede445 (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a emissão de CO2, as características do dossel e o acúmulo de biomassa em pastos de capim-pensacola sob frequências de desfolhação. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. O período experimental foi de 03 de maio a 26 de julho de 2012. A área experimental foi de 28 m², de capim-pensacola (Paspalum notatum Flügge), dividida em 10 parcelas para alocação dos tratamentos (frequências de desfolhação = 2 ou 4 semanas). As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura do dossel, interceptação de luz, índice de área foliar, acúmulo de forragem, densidade populacional de perfilhos, emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo. As frequências de desfolhação nos meses de maio, junho e julho, pouco afetam as características do capim-pensacola. A umidade do solo, temperatura e emissão de CO2 estão mais associadas às condições ambientais e, portanto, meses de avaliação do que às frequências de desfolhação impostas aos dosséis. The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 emission, canopy characteristics and herbage accumulation in pastures of pensacola bahiagrass under frequencies of defoliation. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. The experimental period was from May 3rd to July 26th 2012. The experimental area comprised 28 m² of pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), divided into 10 plots for allocation of treatment (frequencies of defoliation = 2 or 4 weeks). The following variables were studied: canopy height, light interception, leaf area index, herbage accumulation, tiller density, CO2 emissions, soil temperature and moisture. The frequencies of defoliation in the months of May, June and July slightly affect pensacola bahiagrass characteristics. CO2, soil temperature and moisture are more associated to environmental conditions (months of evaluation) than to the frequencies of defoliation imposed to the canopies. Universidade Estadual Paulista Jovem Pesquisador Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Jovem Pesquisador Universidade Estadual Paulista

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as características do dossel e do solo por meio da análise de componentes principais durante o período de rebrotação do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Para realização deste estudo foram tomados 15 pontos amostrais sobre o dossel do capim com 23 dias de rebrotação pós-corte, em junho de 2012. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura do dossel, interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA), índice de área foliar (IAF), emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo no mesmo ponto amostrado. Os resultados demonstraram que os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 75,73% da variação total. As variáveis altura, IRFA, IAF e umidade apresentaram associação positiva e foram correlacionadas negativamente com as variáveis do solo temperatura e CO2. A avaliação das características do dossel e do solo por meio da técnica de componentes principais demonstra que há associação positiva entre as características do dossel e a umidade do solo e entre a emissão de CO2 e a temperatura do solo. A emissão de CO2 do solo não é influenciada pelas características do dossel em pasto de capim-marandu.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000340334200044.pdf: 648870 bytes, checksum: 2d07be36da39b1f268e5e541b285fd9a (MD5) The aim of this work was evaluate introduction of byproducts of oleaginous in lambs feeding. Diets were composed for 30% of Tifton hay and 70% of concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, soybean cake, sunflower cake and peanut cake, limestone and mineral mixture, as dites: FS - control with soybean meal, TS - soybean cake as part of the concentrate, TG sunflower cake as part of the concentrate and TA - peanut cake as part of the concentrate. For performance evaluating 24 Santa Ines lambs with initial age and weight of 70 days and 19 +/- 2 kg, according to a completely randomized design. For digestive evaluate, weight Santa Ines sheep with initial age and weight of 70 days and 16 +/- 1.2 kg, adapted to the use of bag, for collect feces. Animals were distributed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square and means were compared by Tukey's test with 5% significance level. By the performance trial, duration of confinement, weight gain, fed conversion and the dry matter intake were not affected (P>0,05), with averages of 54.29 days, 259 g/day, 4.29 kg of DM/kg and 1.32 kg/day, respectively. There were no difference P>0,05) for intake DM, OM, CP, CT and CE among diets, digestibility trial with averages of 76.23; 74.47; 76.44; 41.12; 73.00 and 93.00%, respectively. There were no differences for digestibility DM, OM, CP, ADF, CT and NCF. The partial substitution of the soybean meal for byproducts of oleaginous was a good proteic alternative in the feeding of lambs. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Engn Ilha Solteira, Dept Biol & Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Piaui, UFPI, Dept Zootecnia, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Engn Ilha Solteira, Dept Biol & Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

We evaluated the effect of adding by-products from the processing of oil seeds in the diet of lambs on the carcass and meat traits. Twenty-four non-castrated weaned male Santa Ines lambs with approximately 70 days of age and initial average weight of 19.11 ± 2.12 kg were distributed into a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of diets containing by-products with 70% of concentrate and 30% of tifton hay (Cynodon spp.) and were termed SM: control with soybean meal; SC: formulated with soybean cake; SUC: formulated with sunflower cake and PC: formulated with peanut cake. Diets had no effects on the carcass traits evaluated. There was no significant effect on the mean values of perirenal, omental and mesenteric fats (0.267, 0.552 and 0.470 kg, respectively) and there was no influence on the percentages of moisture, ether extract, crude protein or ash in the loin between experimental diets. Diets containing by-products from the processing of oil seeds did not change fatty acids found in lamb meat. The use of by-products from oil seeds provided similar carcass and meat traits, thus their use can be recommended as eventual protein and energy sources for feedlot lambs.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84885138763.pdf: 332677 bytes, checksum: fbd47b78d8210711e4d03ae33f03f6f9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass subjected to grazing intensities in two summers (years of evaluation). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraés palisadegrass respond effectively to weather conditions. There is variability in morphogenetic and structural characteristics in response to years and grazing cycles within years. Zootecnia Pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP Discente Do Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP Zootecnia Pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP Discente Do Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:37:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84879572865.pdf: 114987 bytes, checksum: bd388d9998ac0356f8da9ae07867cc04 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-01 Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de carboidratos associadas ao óleo de girassol sobre o desempenho, as características quantitativas e rendimento dos cortes da carcaça de ovinos confinados. Vinte quatro cordeiros foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2, com duas fontes de carboidratos (amido ou fibra solúvel em detergente neutro), com ou sem a inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dietas com: alta fibra solúvel (17,14% na MS) sem inclusão de óleo, alta fibra solúvel (16,35% na MS) com inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol, alto amido (30,14% na MS) sem inclusão de óleo e alto amido (28,21% na MS) com inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol. Os animais iniciaram o experimento com peso corporal médio de 17,7 kg ± 2,6 kg e ao atingirem 35 kg de peso corporal foram abatidos. As diferentes fontes de carboidratos e a inclusão de óleo às dietas não influenciaram no tempo de confinamento, no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho de peso médio diário, porém pior conversão alimentar foi verificada para a dieta com elevado percentual de fibra solúvel em detergente neutro em comparação à dieta com elevado teor de amido. Os rendimentos da carcaça, assim como os cortes comerciais não foram influenciados pelas dietas. O desempenho, as características quantitativas e os cortes da carcaça dos cordeiros não são afetados pelas diferentes fontes de carboidratos e por suas associações com 4,2% de óleo de girassol. This work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effect of different carbohydrate sources associated with sunflower oil on performance, carcass characteristics and cuts yields of feedlot sheep. Twenty four lambs were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two sources of neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate, starch or neutral detergent soluble fiber, with and without the inclusion of 4.2% sunflower oil. The treatments consisted of diets containing high content of soluble fiber (17.14% DM) without adding oil, high in soluble fiber (16.35% DM) with inclusion of 4.2% sunflower oil, high starch (30.14% DM) without adding oil and high starch (28.21% DM) with addition of 4.2% of sunflower oil. The animals were feedlot with average initial of 17.7 kg and when reached 35 kg body weight were slaughtered. The different sources of carbohydrate and oil inclusion in the diet not influence the days on feedlot in the dry matter intake and average daily weight gain, but higher feed conversion was observed for the diet with a high percentage of neutral detergent soluble fiber compared to diet high in starch. The carcass weights and yields as well as the commercial cuts were not affected by diets. The performance and quantitative characteristics and carcass cuts of lamb are not affected by different carbohydrate sources and their association with 4.2% sunflower oil. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a existência de relação entre a altura do dossel e a interceptação de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA), durante o período de rebrotação das leguminosas forrageiras Java (Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java), Soja Perene (Neonotonia wightii) e Lab-lab (Lablab purpureum). O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Para realização deste estudo foram tomados 12 pontos amostrais sobre os dosséis das forrageiras em março de 2012 quando as leguminosas Java, Soja Perene e Lab-lab se encontravam com 27, 28 e 27 dias de rebrotação (primeiro corte após adubação), respectivamente. A altura e a IRFA foram tomadas no mesmo ponto amostral. A altura do dossel foi determinada com uso de régua com graduação em centímetros e a IRFA foi aferida com sensor específico (AccuPAR Model LP – 80 PAR/LAI ceptometer) para esta faixa espectral da radiação solar (400 - 700 nm). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e foi observada a existência de associação positiva entre a altura do dossel e correspondente IRFA em dosséis das leguminosas Java, Soja Perene e Lab-lab.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000328272600047.pdf: 352516 bytes, checksum: 850096c2eae81bc0ce482818ce80447e (MD5) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of residual leaf area index (rLAI), years of evaluation and grazing cycles on the accumulation and disappearance of forage, and changes in the pasture structure of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to grazing intensities and intermittent stocking in two summers. The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinaria of Unesp, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP and the intensities of grazing were defined by four rLAI: 0.8, 1.3, 1.8 and 2.3. When the canopy intercepted 95% of incident light, the animals were placed on the pasture for grazing and kept until the rLAI target has been reached. Pastures were grazed by non-lactating Holstein cows (Bos Taurus Taurus L.), using the technique of mob-stocking. It was evaluated the canopy height, accumulation, disappearance and morphological components of forage and rest period. Residual leaf area index from 1.3 to 1.8 are the best in the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure. It is observed variability of the accumulation and disappearance of forage and pasture structure for years of assessment and grazing cycles within each year. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Programa Posgrad Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Programa Posgrad Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a existência de relação entre a interceptação da radiação fotosinteticamente ativa (IRFA) e o índice de área foliar (IAF) com a altura do dossel de gramíneas forrageiras. Estudou-se três capins de diferentes gêneros: capim-florona, um capim do gênero Cynodon, o capim-áries, um Panicum e o capim-braquiária decumbens, do gênero Brachiaria. Em cada capim foi utilizada uma área experimental de 35,0 m2. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Os capins foram mantido sob cortes a 5 cm do solo a cada 28 dias. Foram tomados 15 pontos amostrais sobre o dossel dos capins em fevereiro de 2010 quando os capins áries e Brachiaria decumbens estavam com 25 dias de rebrotação e o capim-florona com 24 dias de rebrotação, todos no terceiro corte. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura do dossel, determinada com uso de régua graduada em centímetro; interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e índice de área foliar, aferidos com sensor específico (AccuPAR Model LP – 80 PAR/LAI ceptometer). As três variáveis foram registradas no mesmo ponto amostrado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e os resultados demonstram que a altura do dossel se correspondente positivamente com a interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e o índice de área foliar em gramíneas forrageiras.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500028.pdf: 169441 bytes, checksum: 85ec41431de6fa8432c894e8e6892494 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500028.pdf: 169441 bytes, checksum: 85ec41431de6fa8432c894e8e6892494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500028.pdf: 169441 bytes, checksum: 85ec41431de6fa8432c894e8e6892494 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500028.pdf.txt: 28394 bytes, checksum: da628f21909447ff1e4bf2e6e2a84215 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:13:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500028.pdf: 169441 bytes, checksum: 85ec41431de6fa8432c894e8e6892494 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500028.pdf.txt: 28394 bytes, checksum: da628f21909447ff1e4bf2e6e2a84215 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500028.pdf: 169441 bytes, checksum: 85ec41431de6fa8432c894e8e6892494 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500028.pdf.txt: 28394 bytes, checksum: da628f21909447ff1e4bf2e6e2a84215 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de subprodutos de oleaginosas na dieta de ovinos em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram distribuídos quatro ovinos Santa Inês, com peso corporal de, aproximadamente, 40kg, canulados no rúmen, em quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro dietas e quatro períodos, analisados por regressão para a avaliação da degradação ruminal, dos valores de pH e das concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal in vivo. Os subprodutos foram as tortas de amendoim, girassol e soja, em dietas isonitrogenadas, com 70% de concentrado e 30% de volumoso (feno de tifton). Não foi observado efeito da interação tempo x dieta para os valores de pH e concentração ruminal de nitrogênio amoniacal (P>0,05). O pH apresentou valor médio de 6,2. As concentrações ruminais de nitrogênio amoniacal não foram afetadas, com valor médio de 29,9mg/dL. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) nas taxas de degradação da matéria seca e na degradabilidade potencial. The aim of this work was to evaluate the introduction of oleaginous byproducts in sheep feeding as a replacement for soybean meal. Four sheep weighing 40kg, with cannulated rumen were selected in a Latin Square (4x4) design, with for diets and four periods analyzed by regression for ruminal degradability evaluate, pH values and ammonia nitrogen concentration in vivo. Byproducts were the following cakes: peanut, sunflower and soybean, in isonitrogenous diets with 70% concentrate and 30% roughage (tifton hay). There was no effect of diet x time interaction for pH and ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (P>0.05). The average pH value was 6.2. Ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were not affected, and had an average value of 29.9mg/dL. There were no differences (P>0.05) in DM degradation and degradability rates. The use of high degradability protein sources, such as soybean cake and peanut cake, proved to be an interesting alternative to replace soybean meal. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) - Tabuleiros Costeiros UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

The present study was carried out to evaluate the in situ degradation of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) in roughages by the in situ caecal digestion technique in horses. The roughages evaluated were: Lucerne hay (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo), desmodio(Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross hay (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). The assay was conducted in a complete randomized design with seven roughages and three replications. One mare with a cannula fitted in the caecum was used, fed diet consisting of coastcross hay (80%) and concentrate (20%) at 2.0% BW, four times a day. Nylon 6.5 × 20 cm bags were used with 45 μ/pore, containing 5.2 g DM/bag, inserting 3 or 4 bags in the caecum at the times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours incubation. The caecum in situ degradability parameters of nutrients were obtained by Ørskov model. The DM degradability parameters of all the roughages were significant. There was no fit to the model for pigeon pea for CP and NDF and desmodio. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented larger potentially degradable DM with values of 53, 46.5 and 40%, respectively, and higher values for the soluble fraction of 20, 21, 28.6%, with high degradability rates of 10.36, 20.26 and 14.8% h-1. Higher NDF degradation rates were observed in these foodstuffs with values of 9.1 and 11.3, 11.2% h-1, high potentially degradable fraction with values of 55, 51.8 and 47.2%, and greater CP degradation at 48 hours with values of 87, 95, and 94.8%. Peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea presented potential for use in horses diets. Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação da matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e proteína bruta de alimentos volumosos pela técnica da digestão cecal in situ em equinos. Avaliaram-se as forrageiras: feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo), desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium), estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão), guandu (Cajanus cajan), macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) e feno de coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). O ensaio teve duração de 35 dias e foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete alimentos e três repetições. Utilizou-se uma égua fistulada no ceco, alimentada com dieta composta por feno de coastcross (80%) e concentrado (20%), fornecida quatro vezes ao dia em quantidade equivalente a 2% do peso vivo. No ceco, foram inseridos 3 a 4 sacos de náilon de porosidade 45 μ de 6,5 × 20 cm, contendo 5,2 g de MS/saco, nos tempos de 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas de incubação. Os parâmetros de degradação da MS de todos os volumosos foram significativos. Não houve ajuste no modelo de degradação da PB e FDN do guandu. O amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma apresentaram maior fração potencialmente degradável da MS, com valores de 53, 46,5 e 40%, respectivamente, e os maiores valores da fração solúvel de 20, 21, 28,6%, além de elevadas taxas de degradação (10,36, 20,26 e 14,8%h-1). Nestes alimentos, também foram observadas as maiores taxas de degradação da FDN (9,1 e 11,3, 11,2%h-1), das frações potencialmente degradáveis (55, 51,8 e 47,2%) e as mais altas taxas de degradação da PB em 48 horas de incubação (87, 95, 94,8%, respectivamente). O amendoim forrageiro, o estilosantes e o macrotiloma apresentam potencial de uso nas dietas para equinos.

Objetivou-se estimar a digestibilidade de nutrientes de forrageiras em eqüinos utilizando-se a técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. Foram avaliados alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium), estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis), guandu (Cajanus cajan), macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare) e capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete alimentos e cinco blocos (animais). Foram utilizados cinco eqüinos mestiços com 17 a 27 anos de idade e peso vivo médio de 350 kg. O ensaio teve duração de 12 dias: três para a adaptação às baias, cinco para inserção gástrica dos sacos através de sonda nasogástrica e quatro de coleta dos sacos nas fezes. No período pré-experimental de 30 dias, os animais foram mantidos em piquetes com dieta composta de 80% de feno de coastcross e 20% de concentrado. Na confecção dos sacos, utilizou-se náilon com porosidade de 45 µ e dimensão de 7,5 × 2 cm. Em cada saco, foram inseridos 510 mg de matéria seca de amostra do alimento. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes das forragens foram calculados considerando o resíduo obtido no saco. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes do amendoim, estilosantes e macrotiloma foram superiores à da demais forrageiras, com destaque para a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, cujos valores foram de 91,4; 94,9 e 97,0%, respectivamente. O amendoim e macrotiloma apresentaram digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro de 72,3 e 65,2% e da fibra em detergente ácido de 70,9 e 59,4%, respectivamente. O amendoim forrageiro, macrotiloma e estilosantes apresentam digestibilidade dos nutrientes satisfatória e têm potencial para o uso em dietas para eqüinos. This work was carried out to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using mobile bags technique in horses. The forages were lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lime-yellow pea (Macrotyloma axillare) and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A randomized block design was used with seven treatments (feeds) and five blocks (horses). Five crossbreed horses were used with age ranging from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. The assay lasted 12 days, being three days for adaptation to barns, five days for nasogastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. The diet of horses was composed of 80% of coastcross hay and 20% of commercial concentrate. During the pre-experimental period of 30 days, the horses were maintained in paddocks feeding the diet. Nylon cloth had 45µ pore size, and bags presented dimensions of 7,5 × 2 cm with 510 mg of DM of forage sample/bag. The nutrient digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. The nutrient digestibility of peanut, stylo and lime-yellow pea were high than the other forages, mainly crude protein with values of 91.4, 94.9 and 97.0%, respectively. Fibrous fractions of peanut and lime-yellow pea presented digestibility values of NDF of 72.3 and 65, 2%, and ADF of 70.9 and 59.4%, respectively. Peanut, lime-yellow pea and stylo presented satisfactory nutrient digestibility and had potential to use in diets for horses.

Neste estudo, foram realizados dois ensaios com os objetivos de avaliar o fracionamento dos carboidratos de alimentos volumosos e estimar a digestibilidade desses nutrientes em dois ensaios de digestão com eqüinos. No ensaio 1, foram utilizados cinco eqüinos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos - fenos de alfafa (Medicago sativa); amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi); desmódio (Desmodium ovalifolium); guandu (Cajanus cajan); macrotiloma (Macrotyloma axillare); estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis); ou coastcross (Cynodon dactylon) - avaliados pela técnica de sacos de náilon móveis. No ensaio 2, foram utilizados quatro eqüinos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 × 4, alimentados com feno de coastcross em quatro tipos de moagem com o objetivo de avaliar se a redução do tamanho de partícula interfere na digestibilidade dos carboidratos. Os resultados comprovaram que os eqüinos possuem alta eficiência na digestão dos carboidratos não-fibrosos e de suas frações hidrolisáveis e rapidamente fermentáveis. Os fenos de amendoim forrageiro, estilosantess e macrotiloma apresentaram elevada digestibilidade dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos, enquanto a digestibilidade de todos os nutrientes do amendoim forrageiro foi superior a 70%, o que indica potencial para uso desta leguminosa em dietas para eqüinos. O processamento do feno de coastcross não influenciou a digestibilidade das frações dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos. A análise dos carboidratos fibrosos e não-fibrosos é um bom indicativo do valor nutricional dos alimentos e pode ser incluída na avaliação da qualidade de alimentos para eqüinos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000340334000042.pdf: 331084 bytes, checksum: 4a1cdc19e751c1cf59058226bdea4147 (MD5) The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different carbohydrate sources associated with sunflower oil on intake, digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance in diets of lambs. Twenty lambs were used, assigned in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two sources of neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate, starch and neutral detergent soluble fiber, with and without the inclusion of 4.2% sunflower oil. The dry matter intake was not affected by carbohydrate sources and the inclusion of oil. Diets with a high percentage of starch provided higher digestibility of dry matter, starch and ether extract. The different sources of carbohydrates had no interference on digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent soluble fiber, nonfiber carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber. The addition of oil in the diets increased the digestibility of ether extract. The combination of 4.2% oil in the diet high in soluble neutral detergent fiber had no influence on the nutrient digestibility, otherwise, the addition of oil at high starch diet caused a significant reduction in the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and nonfiber carbohydrates. The quantities of nitrogen intake, absorbed and retained, did not differ as sources of carbohydrates and oil inclusion in the diet. The association of 4.2 % sunflower oil to the different sources of carbohydrates in the diet does not affect consumption and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. The addition of 4.2 % oil in the diet with high starch (28% of DM diet) promotes reduction in digestibility of organic matter, of fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrate in the diet. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, FCAV, Dept Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, FCAV, Dept Zootecnia, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000328275300048.pdf: 723528 bytes, checksum: dfed72e1b7de4cb986570d39a2d1cb7d (MD5) The objective this work was to evaluate the degradation, fermentation and kinetics of passage rumen fluid en sheep fed diets containing different carbohydrate associated with the oil. Four rumen cannulated sheep were allotted in 4 x 4 latin square. The treatments consisted of diets with high neutral detergent soluble fiber and diets with high starch associated or not with 4,2% of oil. Incubation times were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours and ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after feeding. Diets high neutral detergent fiber soluble resulted in greater degradation of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber soluble and starch, and higher pH values, butyric acid production, dilution rate and ruminal recycling compared with diets high starch content. The inclusion of 4,2% oil the different carbohydrate sources had no influence on the fermentation kinetics and degradation of the fiber. High content of neutral detergent soluble fiber in the diet favors the ruminal fermentation compared to the high starch content. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Zootecnia, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Clin & Cirurgia Vet, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Zootecnia, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Ciencias Exatas, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Clin & Cirurgia Vet, Campus De Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

The research for not pollutants and renewable sources of energy, made the biodiesel is reused. But, its production generates the “Glycerin” (10% of biodiesel volume). This production is increasing and accumulating year by year, like other industrious by-products. With no law about discarding, scientists started to feed animals in different species with it. Rich in glycerol, it gives energy for animals and doesn't have other nutrients. It improves the alimentary conversion and does not change ruminal ambient or carcass production. For ruminants is used glycerin originated just from vegetables. This experiment aimed to discover what glycerin’s level can be used on diet. Made at the Unesp University of Campus of Jaboticabal, were used 24 heifers of Nellore in feedlot, weight of ± 265 kg in individuals stalls for 112 days. Were used three crossbreed cattle (Angus x Nellore) castrated and cannulated, with ± 400 kg of weight for incubation. The “blond glycerin” used has 83% of glycerol. The proportion of Forage: Concentrate was 30:70. Corn silage was the forage. The concentrate was composed of: soy hulls, sunflower meal, urea and corn or corn more glycerin. All treatments had same percentages of protein and energy and were identified as “without glycerin” (G0), “with 10% of glycerin” (G10) and “20% of glycerin inclusion” (G20) in the dry matter of diet. Samples of food, leavings and excrements were collected. The collections of excrements were made at the superior part of them, without contact with the floor, at the moment of defecation for three consecutive days. Leavings and food were collected just before feeding. Bromatologics analyses were made according AOAC (1995), VAN SOEST and WINE (1967), HENDRIX (1993) and the digestion was made in autoclave (0,5 Kgf/cm2, 111ºC for 50 minutes), proceeding adapted of PELL and SCHOFIELD (1992). ADFi was used as indicator. Incubation was made according to CASALI et al. (2008) for 240 hours and new bromatologics analyses were made. The dry matter, organic matter, fat, starch, crude protein and ADF do not suffered any alteration. The digestibility’s coefficients of dry matter and organic matter are similar, so the embers do not changed the digestion of the three diets. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) had a reduction of its digestibility from 62,47 to 52,14% for (reduction of 16,5%). The hemicellulose (HEM) suffered reduction of 12,56%, from 71,14 to 62,20%, both percentages when diet G0 and G20 are compared D’AUREA (2010) obtains similar data using NDFi. The growing utilization of sunflower meal that contains lignified fibers may have contributed to these results. The inclusion until 10% of “blond glycerin” in the dry matter of a diet does not affect the digestibility's coefficients at these conditions. With 20% of inclusion it had a reduction at it’s the digestibility of NDF and HEM. The glycerin can be utilized on diets as a part of the concentrate, been the energy part of diets to Nellore heifers.