Search

Objective: To characterize the evolution in functions of passenger transport hubs and to identify their types. To determine the specificities of investment projects for passenger transport hub development. To clarify and classify risks appeared in the projects of passenger transport hub development and to propose mechanism of their distribution amongst projects' participants. Methods: Review and analysis of scientific literature on the development of passenger transport hubs. Comparative analysis of the functionality and features of transport hubs in different countries and cities, systematization of their types. Systematization of risks in passenger transport hub development projects and their classification. Results: It is proved that the development of passenger transport hubs is a necessary condition for urban transport systems effective functioning. The types of passenger transport hubs, operating in large cities, are systemized. The identification of risks arising in the projects of passenger transport hubs development has been carried out, and the features of such projects have been outlined. The mechanism of risk distribution amongst the participants of investment projects for transport passenger hub development is proposed. Practical importance: The necessity of identification and assessment of risks in investment projects of passenger hub development is shown. It’s justified holding measures in the field of risks prevention and assessment. The results obtained may be of interest for governmental agencies as well as private partners financing projects on passenger transport hub development.

Aim. The presented study aims to comparatively analyze the use of the program approach as a tool for digital economy development in the Republic of Korea and Russia; to provide recommendations for the formation of state policy in Russia based on the experience of the Republic of Korea as a global leader in digital transformation.Tasks. The authors determine the place of the Republic of Korea and Russia in global rankings reflecting the level of digital economy development; analyze the historical features of innovative development in these countries; substantiate the applicability of the program approach for stimulating digital transformation; provide recommendations for Russia based on foreign experience.Methods. This study uses general and special methods, including historical analysis, comparative analysis, systematization and generalization, content analysis. The methodological basis includes strategic and policy documents of the Republic of Korea and Russia, international digital economy indices.Results. According to international rankings, the Republic of Korea is one of the global leaders in digital transformation thanks to the government strategy to stimulate the economy using programm tools and budget support. For Russia, the transition to the digital economy is one of the development priorities reflected in strategic and program documents. Despite the different historical conditions of development, the experience of the Republic of Korea can be applied to Russia as long as it is adapted to the country’s historical and cultural features.Conclusions. The experience of digitalization in the Republic of Korea can be relevant to Russia with allowance for national features. This involves reforming patent policy, stimulating innovation activity of small and medium enterprises, implementing programs for the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), infrastructure, and ecosystem of the digital economy, applying a catch-up model of innovative development while building up the country’s technological potential in key sectors of the economy.

One way to teach foreign languages remotely is to exploit online learning platforms. The article investigates the effectiveness of online learning platforms in Foreign English language learning. The students from institutions of higher education were divided into two groups according to the online learning platform. The research finds that ATutor and Moodle platforms are effective in teaching English language remotely. The language competences have improved significantly. The study highlights the benefits of distance learning and advises universities on how to use that information to develop effective online learning programs that can later be implemented during crises. The study results can be used to organize the educational process with learning platforms. Keywords: online platform; distance learning; English language; reading and listening; communicative competences

The article considers not the most productive type of multicomponent complex sentences – constructions with heterogeneous subordination. Nevertheless, sentences of this type are important in the style of the exact sciences, especially in the texts of mathematical works, where the main task of the author is to show the course of logical reasoning, and the reader is to follow the movement of the author's thought. In order to correctly understand this idea, it is necessary to imagine the described object or phenomenon from different angles. This is largely facilitated by the structures under study. On the basis of the texts of mathematical works, three-component complex sentences with various combinations of components of an indivisible type are analysed, syntactic relations in these structures are considered. So, for example, it was revealed that the substantive-attributive clause, explaining a certain term or concept, closely merges with the previous main clause. This is most clearly manifested when explaining a mathematical formula, when the substantive-attributive clause turns into a semi-phraseological construction, and the relative pronoun where almost completely loses its spatial semantics. The semantic core of the sentence, as a rule, is concentrated in the subordinate object clause, and the main clause acquires a service, introductory character. The means of connection in the constructions under study are standard, often repeated, as a rule, devoid of semantic colouring. Pronominal-correlative and pronominally-conjunction correlative clauses are used in tandem with either an object clause or a substantive-attributive clause. Pronominal clauses bring into the semantics of the sentence a bright semantic colouring of the consequence, comparison, quantity, mode of action, etc. In the constructions under study, indivisible clauses are so closely connected with the organising part that one can speak of their dependence as predicative units and likening their role to semi-predicative participial and adverbial phrases.

Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the evolution of interpretations of the government's role in the economy and to identify and describe the modern functions of the government in the economy and the corresponding regulatory instruments.Tasks. The authors theoretically analyze the approaches of major economic schools to the interpretation of the government's role in the economy in different periods; identify historical patterns in the transformation of government functions depending on external conditions; describe economic problems in the modern world; determine government functions and effective instruments for their implementation in the current context.Methods. This study uses general and special methods, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, systematization, comparative analysis, and content analysis. The methodological basis of the study includes the works of economists of various historical eras representing major economic schools, as well as modern research on the history of economic thought and government regulation.Results. The approaches of leading economic schools to substantiating the adequate degree of government intervention in the economy are analyzed – from the pre-scientific period to modern Nobel laureates. The historical and economic features of different eras are established, and the most effective instruments of government regulation of the economy are indicated for each era. Based on global development trends, the main economic features and problems of the XXI century are highlighted, which are universal in the context of globalization. The transformation of government functions in the modern economy is substantiated. The authors propose an original approach to the classification of government functions depending on their focus on solving specific problems and identify instruments for implementing new functions.Conclusions. The study highlights universal government functions in any society, such as producing public goods, protecting law and order, and updating legislation. The scope of government intervention in the economy and the selection of regulatory instruments are justified differently in the concepts of economic schools, depending on the characteristics of the external environment. During the development of human society, the degree of government influence on the economy changes. As social relations and technology become more advanced, government functions in the economy become more complex and new goals and forms of regulation appear. Government functions in the modern economy can be divided into four categories: ensuring economic development, facilitating technological progress, maintaining human capital, and economic globalization. The focus is shifting towards instruments for strategic planning, forecasting, and management and a program-oriented approach to the implementation of government functions.

Тhe paper presents the results of empirical verification of the theoretical model of subjective predictors for the psychological well-being of gifted adolescents, including subjectivity, hardiness, self-efficacy, the general emotional background, represented by the level of personal anxiety, and characteristics of the self-concept of adolescents.It was assumed that the factors moderating the relationship of these variables are the attitude of adolescents to their own giftedness, as well as the specificity of the activity in which adolescents show signs of giftedness, and the level of their achievements in it.The sample consisted of 422 adolescents aged 15–17 years enrolled in specialized educational programs for adolescents who show academic, mathematical, leadership and sports talent.The collection of empirical data was carried out using questionnaires and testing (Scale of psychological well-being; Frankfurt scales of self-assessment; Questionnaire of subjectivity; Test of hardiness; The self-efficacy scale; Test for determining self-efficacy; Integrative test of anxiety).Structural equation modeling was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver.23 software package and the AMOS module made it possible to recognize subjectiveness (p

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of psychological well-being of young people in Russia with the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire adapted for the Russian-speaking sample by O.M. Isaeva, A.Yu. Akimova, E.N. Volkova. The study involved 11811 young people living in the central part of Russia. The results of the study suggest that family characteristics (official marriage, having children, living together with a family), income level, life goals (strong family, good education, high earnings, power over others), attitude towards one’s future, following global trends (preservation of the environment, protection of animals), a trusting attitude to modern innovative technologies, including Russian ones, are factors of well-being in Russian youth aged 18 to 35 years. Young people who are positive about their future prospects, focused on strong family and good education, expressing trusting attitude to modern technologies, following world trends in environmental and humanistic orientation, have higher scores of general well-being and its components as compared to those who are focused on increasing material wealth and power over other people, are characterized by a pessimistic attitude towards the future, dissatisfaction with the financial situation, and having low confidence in modern technologies. The results of the study can be used in programs aimed to improve well-being of young people.

Objective. Study aims to translate into Russian, to adapt and to validate a Russian version of PERMA-Profiler (Butler, Kern, 2016).Background. The topic of wellbeing and happiness gains attention in both academic publications and the business community. One of the key components for promoting wellbeing is providing a reliable measurement tool for its assessment.Study design. The translation, adaptation and validation process was subdivided into 3 stages. At the 1st stage English version of the PERMA-Profiler was translated into Russian. At the 2nd stage we assessed of the structural and convergent validity, reliability by the internal consistency of the items of the questionnaire. The main task of the 3rd stage of the study was to check the retest reliability of the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire by conducting a correlation analysis of the values of the questionnaire components obtained at the second and third stages.Participants. The main psychometric sample included 6229 participants aged between 18 and 62 years. All participants live in the Russian Federation.Method. The study used the questionnaires “Psychological Well-Being Scale” by K. Riff, “Well-being, Activity, Mood”, Subjective Feeling of Loneliness Scale by D. Russell, L. Peplo, M. Ferguson, “Life Satisfaction Scale” by E. Diner. Correlation analysis, confirmation factor analysis, analysis of scales by internal consistency and the half method were used for data processing and analysis cleavage.Results. The expected structure of the PERMA-Profiler questionnaire was confirmed. The scales of PERMA-Profiler had sufficient reliability and validity.Conclusions. PERMA-Profiler well-being questionnaire can be used for sociological, psychological and interdisciplinary studies of the psychological well-being of the individual.

Post-pandemic health operations have become a near-term reality, discussions around wearables are on the rise. How do wearable health solutions effectively deploy and use this opportunity to fill the gap between wellness and healthcare? In this paper, we will talk about taking a step further towards making wearable healthcare diagnosis closer to the reality, with a particular focus on monitoring skin hydration using optical multi-wavelength sensor fusion. Continuous monitoring of human skin hydration is a task of paramount importance for maintaining water loss dynamics for fitness lovers as well as for skin beauty, integrity and the health of the entire body. Preserving the appropriate levels of hydration ensures consistency of weight, positively affects psychological state, and proven to result in a decrease in blood pressure as well as the levels of "bad" cholesterol while slowing down the aging processes. Traditional methods for determining the state of water content in the skin do not allow continuous and non-invasive monitoring, which is required for variety of consumer, clinical and cosmetic applications. We present novel sensing technology and a pipeline for capturing, modeling and analyses of the skin hydration phenomena and associated changes therein. By expanding sensing capabilities built into the SmartWatch sensor and combining them with advanced modeling and Machine Learning algorithms, we identified several important characteristics of photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and spectral sensitivity corresponding to dynamics of skin water content. In a hardware aspect, we newly propose the exapntion of SmartWatch capabilities with InfraRed light sources equipped with specialized wavelengths of 970 nm and 1450 nm. Evaluation of the accuracy and characteristics of PPG sensors has been performed with biomedical optics-based simulation framework using Monte Carlo simulations. We performed rigorous validation of the developed technology using experimental and clinical studies. The developed pipeline serves as a tool in the ongoing studies of the next generation of optical sensing technology.

Introduction.Psychological well-being is the most important resource and condition for the development of human potential, which determines the relevance of studying the psychological well-being of gifted children and adolescents, including cross-cultural analysis of this phenomenon. The article presents the comparative analysis of the psychological well-being of Chinese and Russian adolescents who study at specialized educational programs for academically gifted school students.Materials and Methods.The sample consisted of 177 15-years-old adolescents (45.8% female) from China and Russia (62 adolescents enrolled in specialized educational programs for academically gifted schoolchildren, and 115 adolescents enrolled in general education programs). The empirical data were collected with the use of K. Riff Scale of Psychological Well-being (adopted in Russian and Chinese) and a questionnaire for assessing the adolescents’ attitude to their giftedness (only for samples of gifted adolescents).Results.The profiles of psychological well-being of Chinese and Russian academically gifted adolescents have no statistically significant differences, but there is significant differences between the profiles of the comparison groups in the parameters "personal growth" (F=3.16) and "self-acceptance" (F=3.21), higher indicators for both parameters were found in the Russian comparison group. At the same time, Chinese academically gifted adolescents outperform their peers from the comparison group in the parameters "goals in life", "personal growth", "autonomy", "positive relationships" and in the total indicator of psychological well-being (4.27≤F≤9.19), academically gifted adolescents from Russia – only in the parameter "autonomy" (F=4.28). In the sample of Russian academically gifted adolescents, the attitude to their giftedness is not related to psychological well-being, in the sample of gifted adolescents from China it is related to the total indicator of well-being, as well as components of personal growth and self-acceptance (0.40≤r≤0.44).Discussion and Conclusions.The results are discussed in the context of the analysis of culturally determined differences in the social situation of personality development for Chinese and Russian adolescent.

Objective. Estimating the prevalence of violence among children born in Russia in the 1980s, in the early 1990s and in the late 1990s using a retrospective youth survey. Background. Assessing the prevalence of a child abuse is an unresolved scientific and methodological problem. There are disagreements in approaches to assess the prevalence of violence, in interpreting the results. However, the main problem is the problem of reliable measuring instruments. Many studies show a wide variability in estimating prevalence and even in compared parameters; even greater discrepancies arise when it comes to identifying the factors and consequences of child abuse. Such a wide variability of estimation is associated with the insufficient quality of the measuring instruments and research procedures themselves. Study design. The sampling analyzed data on the prevalence of violence among “post-Soviet children”, “children of the 90s” and “children of the 21st century”. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked using methods of mathematical statistics (correlation analysis and analysis of the significance of differences). Participants. The study sample consisted of 537 people aged 18 to 24 years (M=20.23, SD=1.84) living in the Russian Federation. The 2006 sample of respondents included 144 people (25,7% of boys, 74,3% of girls), 2012 — 203 people (36,4% of boys, 63,6% of girls), 2018 — 190 people (35,7% of boys, 64,3% of girls). Measurements. International Questionnaire ICAST-R (ICAST-Retrospective) (adapted by E.N. Volkova, O.M. Isaeva). Results. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of violence among “children of the 21st cen¬tury”, “post-Soviet children” and “children of the 90s” showed that there is more similarity between these groups than differences in the severity of types, forms of violence and their frequency of occurrence (with the exception of cases of sexual violence, the percentage of cases of which is significantly reduced from the 2006 study to the 2018th year). Conclusions. A retrospective survey of young people using ICAST-R allows you to assess the prevalence of violence among children, as well as the state of the child protection system from violence and the content of public perceptions regarding child abuse.

Introduction. In this article, the basic principles of ecological monitoring were considered, and the possibilities of constructing sensor systems were analysed. It was proposed to use the NB-IoT low-energy telecommunication standard as a basic wireless protocol for ecological system development, which ensures effective communication of network devices. A prototype of the system was constructed, and algorithms for receiving and transmitting signals were simulated.Aim. To construct a prototype of a transceiver based on the NB-IoT standard and perform its simulation. To utilize digital twin in MatLab to create the proposed system.Materials and methods. The prototype was constructed using the Xilinx Zedboard evaluation board and transceiver on AD9361 chip, and the simulation was performed using the MatLab 2010 software package.Results. The results of the simulation in the channel with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) were obtained, and the level of the detected synchronization signals of the NB-IoT standard was determined. The receiver and transmitter of the NB-IoT standard were implemented on the Xilinx Zedboard evaluation board. The timing simulation results show that the designed system can be tested in a real environment. The power consumption and resource utilization of the constructed wireless sensor network prototype unit were determined. Conclusion. The results obtained via the simulation process show that the designed prototype of the communication system works correctly, and the produced signal meets all the requirements of the NB-IoT standard. The results can be used for creating a domestic manufactured, specialized integrated chip for data units of ecological monitoring systems.

Anthropogenically altered soils of Saint Petersburg and Luga (Leningrad Region) were investigated for the presence of thermophilic aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria, potentially capable of decomposing hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures (60C). 6 strains of pure spore-forming cultures of bacteria were isolated. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA genes showed that they belong to the genera Geobacillus and Aeribacillus. For the first time, we obtained information on the presence of representatives of the genus Aeribacillus, which are typical inhabitants of hot springs and zones with geothermal activity, in the soils of the regions of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

Introduction. The internal conditions of activity associated with the development of motivational and personal potentials of a specialist largely determine his success and self-realization in the profession. In this regard, the concept of internal motivation has a high explanatory potential. The lack of foreign and domestic works on the development of internal motivation of young people who are passionate about programming sets the task of generalizing the results of studying the internal motivation of young people in terms of the success of mastering programming as an activity.Materials and Methods. A review of studies devoted to the study of inner youth in the aspect of the success of mastering programming as an activity was carried out in March – May 2022 using the scientific citation databases Scopus, WoS and elibrary. The research was searched using a combination of keywords "internal motivation", "youth motivation", "passion for activity", "passion for programming" in English and Russian for the period 2012-2022.Results. The analysis of the results of studies devoted to the study of the internal motivation of young people in the aspect of the success of mastering programming as an activity allowed us to draw the following conclusions:- programming is a specific type of activity that is not fully reducible to the game, teaching, work;- programming as an activity that is difficult to accurately differentiate, will actualize special mechanisms of professional and personal development of a person, and the development of this activity will be associated with the development of specific personal structures;- internal motivation can be considered as a psychological mechanism for successful mastering by programming and achieving high results in this type of activity;- indication of the inner motivation of young people who are passionate about programming is associated with the study of the perception of the level of complexity of programming, with the determination of the state of flow and involvement in activities.Discussion and Conclusions. Along with this problem and new challenges of objective reality, the search for predictors of successful functioning and positive development of the youth of the Russian Federation, this area of research seems relevant, requiring further detailed study.

Aim: In this study, we seek to check if recombinant spidroin rS1/9 is applicable for cell-engineering construct development. Novel technologies of cell and tissue engineering are relevant for chronic liver failure management. Liver regeneration may represent one of the possible treatment options if a cell-engineered construct (CEC) is used. Nowadays, one can see the continuous study of various matrices to create an appropriate CEC. Materials and Methods: We have adhered allogenic liver cells and multipotent mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MMSC BM) to a microgel with recombinant spidroin rS1/9. Then we have studied the developed implantable CEC in a rat model (n = 80) of chronic liver failure achieved by prolonged poisoning with carbon tetrachloride. Results: Our results demonstrate that the CECs change the values of biochemical tests and morphological parameters in chronic liver failure in rats. Conclusion: We consider there to be a positive effect from the microgel-based CECs with recombinant spidroin rS1/9 in the treatment of chronic liver failure.

Prevention of adolescent bullying is one of the leading areas of activity of a teacher-psychologist. Being a widespread issue of the modern school bullying in adolescence demands to be separated from other aggressive behaviors by specific criteria. There are: primary prevention, aimed at pre-venting bullying situations in an educational institution, at forming public unacceptance of aggressive behavior, at creating an active position to stop it; secondary prevention, which implies the containment of provocative bullying factors and the strengthening of protective factors (first of all, the optimization of relationships in the adolescent environment and the dyads “adolescent — adult (teacher, parent)”; tertiary prevention, which is a set of measures of psychological assistance to victims, abusers and witnesses of bullying and their social environment. At each level of preventive work, measures are developed in four main directions: work at the school level in general, work at the school class level, work at the family level, work at the individual level (with an adolescent). In each of these areas of work, a teacher-psychologist, classroom teachers of secondary classes, a social teacher, and deputy director for educational work have their own tasks and responsibilities. They take part in the development of a unified school anti-bullying program as members of a single team. There are specifics in prevention programs — depending on the role of an adolescent in bullying: a victim, an abuser or a witness. The basis for the development of a bullying prevention pro-gram at school is to understand and take into account the main patterns of school bullying identified on the basis of the analysis of the results of scientific research in this area, as well as an analysis of the specific situation in an educational institution and school monitoring data on bullying cases.

The development of optimal nutritional system for agricultural crops is one of the main factors for the getting of stable yields. The deficiency of some macro- and microelements in plant nutrition, leading to yield decreasing, can be compensated with new complex of balanced fertilizers and biological products. The aim of the work is to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization, new forms of complex fertilizers based on active biological substances (“Kodamin B-Mo”, “K-Gumat-Na”, “Agroflorin” “Auksinolen”) and the microbiological preparation (MBP) “Bisolbifit” on the yield and quality of grain of fodder winter rye “Novaya Era” on sod-podzolic soils in the Pskov region. The originality is that for the agro-ecological conditions of the Pskov region, the influence of new complex fertilizers, biological and humic preparations in the cultivation of winter rye has been studied. Methods. The research was carried out in 2019 on the experimental field of the laboratory of agricultural technologies of the Federal research center for Bast Crops (Pskov Department). The records, observations and analyzes were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. The maximal positive effect on grain yield was made with the introduction of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N80P40K70 with fractional nitrogen application: 20 kg of active substance – in the main fertilizer, 40 kg – in the tillering phase and 20 kg – in the booting phase. Up to 1,3 t/ha or 42.2 % to the control level were obtained in that variation. Application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P40K70 and MBP “Bisolbifit” increased on 0,4 t/ha of grain, which amounted 10.6 %. Foliar double treatment of plants with fertilizer “Kodamin B-Mo” increased grain yield up to 8.6 %. The influence of the investigated factors on the protein content and nitrate nitrogen in plants of fodder winter rye, the weight of 1000 seeds and the structure of the yield was established. For 1 kg of active substance of mineral fertilizers at various doses of nitrogen fertilizing the additional yield of grain from 3.68 to 6.39 kg was obtained.

Objectives Because reference intervals (RIs) for biochemistry analytes matched to the Russian population are not well defined, we joined the global study on reference values (RVs) coordinated by the IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL). Methods According to the C-RIDL harmonized protocol, 793 healthy volunteers were recruited in Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, and Yekaterinburg. Serum samples were tested for 34 biochemistry analytes. Sources of variation of RVs were explored using multiple regression analysis. The need for partitioning RVs by sex and age were judged using standard deviation ratio based on ANOVA. Latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method was applied to reduce the influence of individuals with metabolic syndrome and/or inappropriate sampling conditions. RIs were computed by the parametric method. Results No appreciable between-city differences were observed. Partition of RVs by sex was required for 17 analytes. Age-related changes in RVs were observed in many analytes, especially in females. The trend was exaggerated in nutritional and inflammatory markers that were closely associated with body mass index (BMI), because BMI increases prominently with age. Therefore, for those analytes, volunteers with BMI > 28 kg/m2 were excluded in determining RIs for age-specific RIs. The LAVE method was effective in lowering the upper limits of the RIs for nutritional and inflammatory markers. Conclusion RIs matched to the Russian population were established for 34 biochemical analytes using up-to-date methods in detailed consideration of sources of variation of RVs. The majority of Russian RIs are similar to those of Caucasian populations among the participating countries.

Introduction. The siege of Leningrad is one of the most tragic pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War. The whole country took part in helping residents of the besieged city. Yaroslavl Region was one of the leading places where tens of thousands of children were evacuated. Methods and materials. The author seeks to implement the principles of scientific objectivity and reliability. The article is based on the memories of eyewitnesses of those years and archival materials. The author had an invaluable help in understanding the atmosphere in which children lived through confidential conversations with survivors of the blockade. Their stories are shocking in their naked truth. The author uses the comparative historical method in disclosing new, qualitative aspects of the problem under study. The hermeneutic method is used in the analysis of various sources: archival materials, memories, letters, first of all, based on time and reasons for the appearance of a particular source. The anthropological approach to the problem makes it possible to create a socio-psychological portrait of children, who by fate turned out to be far from their home, to recreate a picture of their life and everyday life. Analysis. It includes the problems associated with the children evacuation in July–August 1941 and especially in winter–spring 1942, raises the issue of child mortality and the perpetuation of their memory. Results. A major role in the organization of children’s life was played by the party and the Soviet leadership. The article notes that ordinary workers and collective farms took the successful solution of domestic problems of orphans. They provided children with everything they needed: home, food, clothes, shoes, dishes, etc. In addition, citizens took children on patronage and adoption. The methods of educational work with them had changed, where one of the main directions was the inculcation of labour skills: children worked in their farms, helped collective farms, cleaned their homes, were engaged in needlework, worked in workshops, etc. The desire to live and create was instilled in Leningrad by attracting citizens to participate in art performances. Big problems are connected with statistical data, in particular, different sources give different numbers of children living on the territory of Yaroslavl region: from 90 to 150 thousand. It is almost impossible to count the number of dead children, so the established monuments to small Leningraders, as a rule, are nameless. After the lifting of the blockade some children returned to Leningrad, and some linked their destinies with Yaroslavl land.

In this work, isothermal sections of the Ln2O3–Cr2O3–B2O3 (Ln = Gd–Lu) ternary oxide systems at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C were constructed by determining the phase relations by using a powder X-ray diffraction technique. As a result, these systems were divided into subsidiary subsystems. Two types of double borates, LnCr3(BO3)4 (Ln = Gd–Er) and LnCr(BO3)2 (Ln = Ho–Lu), were observed in the investigated systems. Regions of phase stability for LnCr3(BO3)4 and LnCr(BO3)2 were determined. It was shown that the LnCr3(BO3)4 compounds crystallized in rhombohedral and monoclinic polytype modifications up to 1100 °C; above this temperature and up to the melting points, the monoclinic modification was predominantly formed. The LnCr3(BO3)4 (Ln = Gd–Er) and LnCr(BO3)2 (Ln = Ho–Lu) compounds were characterized by using a powder X-ray diffraction method and thermal analysis.

Based on the optical holography method, heating studies of the wall area in various hydrogels have been carried out applied to 3D bioprinting technologies. For quantitative measurement of temperature fields, the method of optical holography was used in combination with the method of gradient thermometry, based on the refractive index dependence on the properties of hydrogel systems of different concentrations and temperatures. Under the conditions of the thermophysical properties changes of hydrogels, as well as the magnitude of the supplied heat flow, the heating features are studied in order to determine the coefficients of thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as the thermal conditions for the occurrence of convective flows near the wall heated from below in such systems.

Optical information processing is an essential part of contemporary photonics, and it remains a challenge for researchers around the world. The presented work investigates numerically a maximum number of all-optical logic gates in a cascade. The functionality of the all-optical logic gate is based on the injection locking technique with semiconductor lasers. The possibility of cascading a sequence of AND and OR gates, providing a high-quality final signal, is demonstrated for a planar vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser using the traditional Lang–Kobayashi model. It is shown that the maximum number of cascaded gates is limited to three for repetition rates less than 1 Gbit/s.

The article presents the results of the rating assessment of the technological efficiency of soybean production in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which are in the top 10 in terms of soybean production over the past five years. For the purpose of designing the level of possible innovative and technological development, a model was developed and implemented in the Excel spreadsheet environment, with the help of which the projected increase in technological efficiency was calculated due to the introduction of innovative technologies for the technological and technical development of soybean production. The implementation of measures aimed at introducing innovative approaches to soybean production, and as a result, achieving the projected technological efficiency index, will ensure the projected increase in yield. At the same time, in general, the policy of the regions aimed at innovative and technological development of agricultural production will allow, all other things being equal, in relation to 2020, to obtain an additional volume of gross soybean harvest in all regions that are in the top 10 in the total volume of 437.2 thousand tons.

Specialized support for gifted children and adolescents should be based on the specifics of their social situation of development which is largely determined by the fact of identifying a person as gifted. ‘Labeling giftedness’ has a significant impact on the system of interpersonal relationships and self-attitude of children and adolescents. However, there is no holistic construct of the phenomenon of ‘self-perception of giftedness’ in psychology today, therefore, we defined the theoretical and empirical development of this construct as the goal of our study. The paper presents the results of this study which describes the construct of ‘self-perception of giftedness’ basing on the survey of 422 adolescents aged 15—17 years who had been selected for gifted education programmes. Using factor analysis we identify the main dimensions of the construct typical for late adolescence: giftedness resources/risks assessment; environment of risks and resources manifestation (internal/external); localization of conditions for high achievement (internal — external).Basing on the analysis of the significance of differences, we outline the perspectives of using the construct to reveal gender specifics of self-perception of giftedness in older adolescents enrolled in gifted education programmes.

The following article contains critical notes about the possibility of using the observation of biogenic nanoparticles growth (OBNG) methodology to control the living cells’ physiological state during their cultivation in agarose gel and its volume. The methodology’s main idea is to add a low-concentrated silver nitrate solution to the immobilized cells. Cells are able to inhibit the negative effects of silver ions recovering them and forming nanoparticles are being detected by spectrometric methods. It is experimentally proved that the successful use of this methodology for cells state monitoring can only be applicable after choosing a special agarose with a low level of electroendoosmosis (EEO). This type of agarose itself does not lead to the silver nanoparticles formation. All the obtained nanoparticles are only the interaction product of silver nitrate with living cells. It was found that agarose gel layers containing silver nanoparticles prevent the migration of immobilized cells by division.

The method is developed to calculate soil water content W, evapotranspiration Ev and other water and heat regime (WHR) characteristics of agricultural regions for vegetation season (VS). The base of the method is the physical-mathematical model of vertical water and heat transfer in the “Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere” system (SVAT), suitable for utilizing satellite-retrieved estimates of vegetation and meteorological characteristics such as vegetation index NDVI, emissivity E, vegetation cover fraction B, leaf area index LAI, precipitation, and land surface temperature LST. These estimates were built under thematic processing satellite data obtained by radiometers AVHRR/NOAA, SEVIRI/Meteosat-10, -11, -8; MSU-MR/Meteor-M No 2 in visible and IR ranges. Soil and vegetation characteristics were the model parameters and meteorological characteristics were considered to be the input variables.The case study was carried out for forest-steppe territory of 227,300 km2 located in the Central Black Earth Region of European Russia, for steppe black earth Rostov region of 100,000 km2, and for arid steppe territory of the Saratov and Volgograd Trans-Volga region of 66,600 km2 for VS of 2017-2018.Estimates of daily, ten-day and monthly precipitation sums were carried out using the Multi Threshold Method for detecting cloudiness, identifying its types, allocating precipitation zones and determining rainfall intensity maximum. The key point of the method is the transition from assessing the rainfall intensity to estimating its daily sums.Comparing calculated daily, ten-day and monthly rainfall sums with each other for all sensors and with similar ground-based data showed the coincidence of the satellite-detected and actual precipitation zones in 75-85% of cases for each radiometer.Satellite LST estimates were retrieved by the Generalized Split-Window method using the regression equations for the satellite-measured radiation temperature. Comparison of these estimates with each other for all radiometers, with the model calculation results and with ground-measured air temperature values for named VS showed their differences to be within acceptable limits.Because of the different climatic conditions in the study areas, the empirical formulae to calculate B and LAI were analyzed and their detailed estimates were made, the errors of which were about 15 and 20%, respectively.The possibility to use soil surface moisture estimates obtained from the scatterometer ASCAT/MetOp data in the microwave range for modeling is shown (to select initial conditions when calculating W and to assess evaporation from soil surface).To calculate W, Ev and other WHR components the developed procedures to assimilate satellite-retrieved B, LAI, precipitation and LST estimates in the model were adapted to the territories under study. These procedures included replacing ground-based estimates of these values by their satellite-retrieved estimates in all computational grid nodes at each time step. The efficiency of these procedures was confirmed by comparing modeled and measured values of W and Ev. The final modeling results are distributions of W, Ev and other WHR components over the areas of interest. Estimation errors for W (10-15%) and Ev (20-25%) (even for the arid Trans-Volga region) are acceptable values.As a conclusion, the developed method can be used to assess water resource components for vast agricultural regions.

Self-efficacy is considered in psychology as a predictor of success and high achievements. The study of self-efficacy, as well as factors related to it, self-reliance, activity and communication gifted teenagers is a relevant and underdeveloped topic. Our study involved 422 gifted adolescents aged 15-17 with mathematical, humanitarian, sports, leadership, and natural science talents. Methodological tools have been chosen methodology M. Madduks and D. Scheer in adaptation L.V. Boyarintseva and R.L. Krichevsky, and a questionnaire to study the attitude of adolescents to own giftedness. According to the results of the study, normative values for adolescence were obtained on self-efficacy scales. The factors characterizing the attitude of adolescents to giftedness were described: giftedness as a resource for achieving social success; the risk of social deprivation among peers; motivational-volitional regulation as a resource of high achievements; confidence in one's own giftedness; experience of competitions as a condition of high achievements; self-realization in a reference environment; risk of physical distress. Differences in self-efficacy were identified in adolescents with different types of giftedness. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in the development and implementation of programs of psychological and pedagogical support of teenagers.

Modern environmental monitoring systems are distributed systems, often with the integration of automated data collection and transmission processes. This approach allows to reduce the measurement error by eliminating the human factor, but sets a number of tasks to improve the efficiency of the system devices, including power consumption. The main consumer of energy in the device is the radio transmitter module. The article presents the calculations of the required energy for data transmission, depending on the selected parameters of the LoRaWAN radio module and the device operation algorithm, an estimate of the device operation time when using various transmission algorithms. With the introduced restrictions, the calculated benefit of the required energy for the transmission of one bit of information is up to 26% when choosing the optimal parameters of the transmitter and up to four times the operating time of the device from the battery with using varios depeloped algorithm of data forming and transmission.

Automated environmental monitoring systems nowadays are a set of devices interconnected by information transmission channels, often using wireless communication technologies based on various standards. The development of procedures for information interaction of AEMS devices is an urgent task, the solution of which will reduce the cost of data transmission. The paper presents the developed procedures for the information interaction of devices describing the entire process from receiving the value of the measured parameter from the sensor to sending it through the radio channel. The parameters of the confidence interval for the device sensors and the dynamic period of data sending have been introduced, allowing omitting the transmission of duplicate data, as a result, reduce the total energy consumption of the device.

A new approach permitting one to predict atmospheric air quality over urban areas using a one-dimensional meteorological model and a 3D pollutant transport model is described. A special feature of the method is that it can be modified to solve problems of modeling the dispersion of pollutants containing a gas component and solid particles. The impurity transfer model is implemented using an automated intelligent environmental monitoring system, which allows to obtain operational forecast.

The paper discusses the socio-communicative function of the engineer’s foreign language training where the content should be based on materials of the global latest technological advances and understanding the essence of production culture in different countries. The structure and content of foreign languages training is revealed taking into account the potential of multilingualism, technocommunication and metalinguistic awareness. Foreign language training contributes to the formation of linguistic, communicative and metacognitive skills. International modern requirements to the students’ foreign language training at an engineering university are actualized, its contradictions and features of pedagogical forms, methods and tools are identified. The content and structure of multilingualism, technocommunication and metalinguistic awareness of the students’ foreign languages training at an engineering university are revealed. A methodology for the implementation of foreign language training in combination with multilingualism, technocommunication and metalinguistic awareness is devoted. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was proved through the realization of group international study trips where students showed an understanding of technology by means of foreign languages and a metalinguistic awareness focusing on the cultural traditions of the region and local features of production. A conscious approach to deeper linguistic knowledge, cultures of different countries and technologies according to the high language and communications requirements in the field of science and technology, combining linguistic and engineering thinking in the human mind for a more complete understanding of the essence and content of engineering education is argued.

All environmental and monitoring systems are most often based on the accumulated statistics of various parameters of temperature, harmful emissions, humidity, carbon dioxide. This paper describes methods of implementing machine learning algorithms for forecasting problems within a specifically developed ASMOS system in Russia. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to consider the change in temperature for several hours in advance, as well as days. Later this algorithm can be implemented in the system for assessing hazardous environmental situations, where a comparison of hazardous factors affecting the environment carried out.

The study deals with organic, mineral and organo-mineral systems of winter wheat fertilization in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe. According to the organic fertilization system, straw of the predecessor, green manure and Biocomposite-correct were introduced into the soil (typical medium-thick medium loamy chernozem) for green manure mass (vetch-oat mixture). The organo-mineral system included two options: straw applied together with nitrogen in a dose of 10 kg per 1 ton of straw and zeolite enriched with amino acids. The mineral fertilizers were nitrogene phosphorus with the NPK content of 16 kg ai/ha, carbamide and potassium chloride. In addition, highly siliceous rock zeolite was applied as a fertilizer. It was found that the use of organic and organomineral fertilizers improves the nutrient regime of the soil; in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer, these options were not inferior to the option with the use of mineral fertilizers. When introducing zeolite enriched with amino acids, the yield of winter wheat exceeded the option with the use of mineral fertilizers by 0.59 t/ha. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

Development of information technologies makes it possible to carry out distance support of the course “English for special purpose” studied at Technological University. The purpose of the study is to analyze the system of mastering lexical skills, based on combination of online study and face-to-face classes which allows to take into account the individual trajectory of each student. The study examines the organization of work with professional vocabulary in the framework of distance support of courses “English for special purpose” for Masters (major “Chemical technology”) of Kazan national Research Technological university. Introduction and training of vocabulary is based on texts which are analyzed using the Flash Kincaid scale and processed later using the methods analyzed in the research. Introduction of new vocabulary online is carried out through visualization, word formation analysis and translation. Training lexical skills online is carried out through translation and training exercises (multiple choice, finishing a sentence, inserting a word), which are organized through the “test function”, as the possibilities of MOODLE are limited. Automated control of three types (diagnostic, intermediate and final) is used for assessment. The system of lexical exercises allows not only to understand the meaning of the unit in the context, but also allows students with a low level of English not to be behind the group. As a result, the average percentage of completion of the online final test raised from 70% to 80–85%.

Today globalization has created the conditions in educational space of the Russian Federation, which stimulate the direct dialogue of students with persons of the same age from other countries. So communication develops a cross-cultural communicative competence of students for decision of humanitarian tasks in professional activity. The aim of our research was to reveal factors of this environment, which influence the elements of a structure of cross-cultural communicative competence, promote to its development or degradation. Globalization in education creates the basis for developing linguistic competences of technical universities students through the international exchange programs, which are used actively by Russian universities for organization of educational process and development of cross-cultural communication among students, through the Internet, which destroys borders and barriers in communication between students. This aims the decision of specific targets: 1) to work out the structure of cross-cultural communicative competence of technical universities students; 2) to reveal factors having an influence on the development of cross-cultural communicative competence of students; 3) to create and test the pedagogical conditions in which cross-cultural communicative competence is formed and developed; 4) to work out and implement the methods of cross-cultural communicative competence development.