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1. Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: The SAPFLUXNET database

Author

Poyatos, R, Granda, V, Flo, V, Adams, MA, Adorján, B, Aguadé, D, Aidar, MPM, Allen, S, Alvarado-Barrientos, MS, Anderson-Teixeira, KJ, Aparecido, LM, Joly, CA, Kaplick, J, Kim, HS, Klemedtsson, L, Kropp, H, Lagergren, F, Lane, P, Lang, P, Lapenas, A, Lechuga, V, Migliavacca, M, Lee, M, Leuschner, C, Limousin, JM, Linares, JC, Linderson, ML, Lindroth, A, Llorens, P, López-Bernal, A, Loranty, MM, Lüttschwager, D, Mitchell, P, MacInnis-Ng, C, Maréchaux, I, Martin, TA, Matheny, A, McDowell, N, McMahon, S, Meir, P, Mészáros, I, Molder, M, Mölder, M, Montagnani, L, Moore, GW, Nakada, R, Niu, F, Nolan, R, Norby,R, Novick, K, Oberhuber, W, Obojes, N, Oishi, AC, Oliveira RS, Oren, R, Ourcival,JM, Paljakka, T, Perez-Priego, O, Peri, PL, Peters, RL, Pfautsch, S, Pockman, WT, Preisler, Y, Rascher, K, Robinson, G, Rocha, H, Rocheteau, A, Röll, A, Rosado, BHP, Rowland, L [, Rubtsov, A, Sabaté, S, Salmon, Y, Salomón, RL, Sánchez-Costa, E, Schäfer, K, Schuldt, B, Shashkin, A, Stahl, C, Stojanovic, M, Suárez, JC, Sun, G, Niu, FR, Szatniewska, J, Tatarinov, F, Tesar, M, Thomas, FM, Tor-ngern, P, Urban, J, Valladares, F, Van der Tol, C, Van Meerveld, Varlagin, A, Norby, R, Voigt, H, Warren, J, Werner, C, Werner, W, Wieser, G, Wingate, W, Wullschleger, S, Koong, Y, Zweifel, R, Arain, MA, Oliveira, RS, Ourcival, JM, Aranda, I, Roll, A, Asbjornsen, H, Baxter, R, Beamesderfer, E, Berry, ZC, Berveiller, D, Blakely, B, Boggs, J, Bohrer, G, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bracho, R, Brito, P, Brodeur, J, Casanoves, F, Chave, J, Chen, H, Cisneros, C, Clark, K, Cremonese, E, Dang, HZ, David, JS, David, TS, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Do, Frederic C., Dohnal, M, Domec, JC, Dzikiti, S, Edgar, C, Eichstaedt, R, El-Madany, TS, Elbers, J, Eller, CB, Euskirchen, ES, Ewers, B, Fonti, P, Forner, A, Forrester, DI, Freitas, HC, Galvagno, M, Garcia-Tejera, O, Ghimire, CP, Gimeno, TE, Grace, J, Granier, A, Griebel, A, Guangyu, Y, Gush, MB, Hanson, PJ, Hasselquist, NJ, Heinrich, I, Hernandez-Santana, V, Herrmann, V, Hölttä, T, Holwerda, F, Irvine, J, Ayutthaya, SIN, Jarvis, PG, Jochheim, H, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Poyatos, R [0000-0003-0521-2523], Granda, V [0000-0002-0469-1991], Flo, V [0000-0003-1908-4577], Adams, MA [0000-0002-8154-0097], Adorjan, B [0000-0002-5482-2515], Aidar, MPM [0000-0001-5728-6749], Alvarado-Barrientos, MS [0000-0003-0098-0806], Anderson-Teixeira, KJ [0000-0001-7585-712X], Arain, MA [0000-0002-1433-5173], Aranda, I [0000-0001-9086-7940], Asbjornsen, H [000-0001-8126-3328], Oishi, AC [0000-0001-5064-4080], Oliveira RS [0000-0002-6392-2526], Oren, R [0000-0002-5654-1733], Ourcival,JM [0000-0002-3557-3496], Paljakka, T [0000-0002-3674-4904], Perez-Priego, O [0000-0002-3138-3177], Peri, PL [0000-0002-5398-4408], Peters, RL [0000-0002-7441-1297], Pfautsch, S [0000-0002-4390-4195], Pockman, WT [0000-0002-3286-0457], Baxter, R [0000-0002-7504-6797], Preisler, Y [0000-0001-5861-8362], Rocha, H [0000-0002-5981-4469], Röll, A [0000-0001-9457-4459], Rosado, BHP [0000-0002-8924-8672], Rowland, L [0000-0002-0774-3216], Rubtsov, A [0000-0002-9663-4344], Sabaté, S [0000-0003-1854-0761], Salmon, Y [0000-0003-4433-4021], Salomón, RL [0000-0003-2674-1731], Sánchez-Costa, E [0000-0001-6799-9611], Beamesderfer, E [0000-0002-7513-7349], Schäfer, K [0000-0001-9452-3619], Schuldt, B [0000-0003-4738-5289], Shashkin, A [0000-0001-9925-5019], Stahl, C [0000-0001-5411-1169], Stojanović, M [0000-0003-4918-8668], Sun, G [0000-0002-0159-1370], Szatniewska, J [0000-0003-3027-9965], Tatarinov, F [0000-0002-8338-6070], Tesar, M [0000-0002-5647-8498], Thomas, FM [0000-0001-6377-719X], Berveiller, D [0000-0001-7461-6420], Tor-ngern, P [0000-0001-7363-4926], Urban, J [0000-0003-1730-947X], Van der Tol, C [0000-0002-2484-8191], Van Meerveld [0000-0002-7547-3270], Varlagin, A [0000-0002-2549-5236], Werner, C [0000-0002-7676-9057], Wieser, G [0000-0002-7575-5657], Wingate, W [0000-0003-1921-1556], Wullschleger, S [0000-0002-9869-0446], Koong, Y [0000-0002-8630-3031], Blakely, B [0000-0001-9923-0794], Zweifel, R [0000-0001-9438-0582], Steppe, K [0000-0001-6252-0704], Mencuccini, M [0000-0003-0840-1477], Martínez-Vilalta, J [0000-0002-2332-7298], Boggs, J [0000-0003-4826-1843], Bohrer, G [0000-0002-9209-9540], Bolstad, P [0000-0002-1829-8859], Bonal, D [0000-0001-9602-8603], Bracho, R [0000-0002-8015-9796], Brodeur, J [0000-0001-7118-8360], Casanoves, F [0000-0001-8765-9382], Chave, J [0000-0002-7766-1347], Chen, H [0000-0001-7619-3425], Cisneros, C [0000-0001-9661-4581], Clark, K [0000-0003-0534-9677], Cremonese, E [0000-0002-6708-8532], Dang, H [0000-0003-4428-3834], David, J [0000-0001-6994-1085], David, T [0000-0003-1473-899X], Delpierre, D [0000-0003-0906-9402], Desai, AR [0000-0002-5226-6041], Do, FC [0000-0002-2852-627X], Dohnal, M [0000-0003-1769-4750], Domec, JC [0000-0003-0478-2559], Dzikiti, S [0000-0002-1892-4143], Edgar, C [0000-0002-7026-8358], Eichstaedt, R [0000-0002-4905-7994], El-Madany, T [0000-0002-0726-7141], Elbers, J [0000-0002-0631-3505], Eller, CB [0000-0002-7795-2574], Euskirchen, E [0000-0002-0848-4295], Ewers, B [0000-0001-6647-7475], Fonti, P [0000-0002-7070-3292], Forner, A [0000-0002-7123-6403], Forrester, D [0000-0003-2732-5692], Freitas, HC [0000-0002-4861-1164], Galvagno, M [0000-0002-0827-487X], Garcia-Tejera, O [0000-0001-7726-8118], Ghimire, CP [0000-0002-3715-6311], Gimeno, TE [0000-0002-1707-9291], Granier, A [0000-0002-4174-2487], Griebel, A [0000-0002-4476-8279], Guangyu, Y [0000-0003-3242-5348], Gush, MB [0000-0003-1328-9862], Hanson, PJ [0000-0001-7293-3561], Hasselquist, N [0000-0003-2777-0163], Heinrich, I [0000-0001-5800-6999], Hernandez-Santana, V [0000-0001-9018-8622], Herrmann, V [0000-0002-4519-481X], Hölttä, T [0000-0001-7677-7156], Holwerda, F [0000-0003-4125-1765], Ayutthaya, SIN [0000-0002-5354-1527], Jochheim,H [0000-0001-8047-4553], Joly, CA [0000-0002-7945-2805], Kim, HS [0000-0002-3440-6071], Klemedtsson, L [0000-0002-1122-0717], Kropp, H [0000-0002-4258-3393], Lagergren, F [0000-0002-0061-733X], Lane, P [0000-0001-6121-8386], Lapenas, A [0000-0002-2135-3636], Lechuga, V [0000-0003-3745-587X], Lee,M [0000-0002-9601-3863], Leuschner, C [0000-0002-5689-7932], Limousin, JM [0000-0002-2734-2495], Linares, JC [0000-0001-8375-6353], Linderson, ML [0000-0001-6578-6671], Lindroth, A [0000-0002-7669-784X], Llorens, P [0000-0003-4591-5303], López-Bernal, A [0000-0002-1034-4718], Loranty, MM[0000-0001-8851-7386], Macinnis-Ng, C [0000-0003-3935-9814], Marechaux, I [0000-0002-5401-0197], Martin, TA [0000-0002-7872-4194], Matheny, A [0000-0002-9532-7131], McDowell, N [0000-0002-2178-2254], Meir, P [0000-0002-2362-0398], Mészáros, I [0000-0001-8841-730X], Migliavacca, M [0000-0003-3546-8407], Mölder, M [0000-0001-6767-3195], Montagnani, L [0000-0003-2957-9071], Moore, GW [0000-0001-5190-5983], Nakada, R [0000-0002-3704-1784], Niu, F [0000-0003-3445-4011], Nolan, R [0000-0001-9277-5142], Norby,R [0000-0002-0238-9828], Novick, K [0000-0002-8431-0879], Oberhuber, W [0000-0002-5197-7044], and Obojes, N [0000-0002-6718-2756]

Subjects
Stomatal condua, Sapflow measurements, Heat-pulse method, Vapor- pressure deficit, Radial patterns, Water use strategies, Eddy covariance, Fluw density, Thermal dissipation
Abstract

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80% of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50% of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56% of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90% or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The "sapfluxnetr"R package-designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data-is available from CRAN. This research was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant no. CGL2014-55883-JIN), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. RTI2018-095297-J-I00), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. CAS16/00207), the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (grant no. SGR1001), the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers (RP)), and the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (Academia Award (JMV)). Víctor Flo was supported by the doctoral fellowship FPU15/03939 (MECD, Spain).

Published
2021

2. Channel Performance Estimations with Extended Channel Probing

Author

Kaeval, K., Elbers, J. -P, Grieβer, H., Tikas, M., Grobe, K., and Gert Jervan

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Information Theory (cs.IT), Computer Science - Information Theory, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

We test the concept of extended channel probing in an Optical Spectrum as a Service scenario in coherent optimized flex-grid long-haul and 10Gbit/s OOK optimized 100-GHz fixed-grid dispersion-managed legacy DWDM networks. An estimation accuracy better than +/- 0.1dB in GSNR implementation margin is obtained for both networks by using flexible coherent transceivers on lightpaths up to 822km on regional haul legacy network and up to 5738km on a long-haul network. We also explain, how to detect the operation regime of the channel by analyzing the received GSNR results from constant power spectral density (PSD) probing mode and constant signal power probing mode

Published
2021

3. A Latency-Aware Real-Time Video Surveillance Demo: Network Slicing for Improving Public Safety

Author

Shariati, B., Pedreno-Manresa, J. J., Dochhan, A., Muqaddas, A. S., Casellas, R., de Dios, O. Gonz��lez, Canto, L. L., Lent, B., de Vergara, J. E. L��pez, L��pez-Buedo, S., Moreno, F. J., Pav��n, P., Velasco, L., Patri, S., Giorgetti, A., Cugini, F., Sgambelluri, A., Nejabati, R., Simeonidou, D., R, P, Braun, Autenrieth, A., Elbers, J. -P., Fischer, J. K., and Freund, R.

Subjects
Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

We report the automated deployment of 5G services across a latency-aware, semidisaggregated, and virtualized metro network. We summarize the key findings in a detailed analysis of end-to-end latency, service setup time, and soft-failure detection time., The research leading to these results has received funding from the EC and BMBF through the METRO-HAUL project (G.A. No. 761727) and OTB-5G+ project (reference No. 16KIS0979K)

Published
2021

4. A Latency-Aware Real-Time Video Surveillance Demo: Network Slicing for Improving Public Safety

Author

Shariati, B., Pedreno-Manresa, J. J., Dochhan, A., Muqaddas, A. S., Casellas, R., González de Dios, O., Canto, L. L., Lent, B., López de Vergara, J. E., López-Buedo, S., Moreno, F. J., Pavón, P., Velasco, L., Patri, S., Giorgetti, A., Cugini, F., Sgambelluri, A., Nejabati, R., Simeonidou, D., Braun, R.-P., Autenrieth, A., Elbers, J.-P., Fischer, J. K., and Freund, R.

Subjects
ddc
Published
2020

5. Neoadjuvant nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab induce (near-) complete responses in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The IMCISION trial

Author

Zuur, L., Vos, J. L., Elbers, J. B., Krijgsman, O., Qiao, X., van der Leun, A., Smit, L., van den Brekel, M. W., Tan, B., Jasperse, B., Vogel, W. V., Willems, S. M., Al-Mamgani, A., Peeper, D., Schumacher, T. N., Blank, C. U., de Boer, J. P., Haanen, J. B. A. G., Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), and Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS)

Abstract

Background Nivolumab (NIVO) alone or with ipilimumab (COMBO) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) prior to curative surgery has shown promising results in multiple tumor types. We completed a phase Ib/II study with neoadjuvant NIVO or COMBO in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and show safety, efficacy and correlative biomarker results. Methods 32 stage II-IVB HNSCC patients indicated for curative (salvage) surgery were treated with NIVO (240mg, weeks 1&3, N=6) or NIVO (240mg, weeks 1&3) + IPI (1mg/kg, week 1, N=26) prior to surgery in week 5. Imaging was performed at baseline and week 4. AEs were reported in terms of CTCAE. Pathological response (pR) was defined as % change in viable tumor cells from baseline to on-treatment; ≥90% pR was considered (near-) complete response (pCR). WES and RNAseq were performed on paired tumor biopsies. Results 32 (31 HPV-negative) patients started treatment (stage II n=3, III n=8, IVA-B n=11, recurrent disease n=10). 6 patients included with recurrent disease had had previous (C)RT. 1 patient discontinued ICB after one course due to patient’s preference. Surgery was not postponed in any patient. 3/32 patients did not undergo surgery: 1 due to unresectable PD and 2 due to reasons unrelated to ICB or disease. Grade 3-4 irAEs in 11/32 patients were well manageable. (Near-)pCR in the primary tumor was seen in 9/29 evaluable patients (31%). Another 31% of patients had 20-89% pR. At 14 months median FU, RFS for patients with (near-)pCR was 100%, significantly better than patients with

Published
2020

6. Real-time discrete multi-tone transmission for passive optical networks in C- and O-band

Author

Dochhan, Annika, Drenski, Tomislav, Griesser, Helmut, Eiselt, Michael H., and Elbers, J��rg-Peter

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

DMT at 25 Gbit/s, 50 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s in passive systems with electro-absorption modulators is investigated. Transmission in C- and O-band are compared, yielding up to 22 km reach, 100 Gbit/s in O-band. All results are obtained with a real-time signal processing ASIC., The results were obtained in the projects SENDATE Secure-DCI and SpeeD, partly funded by the German ministry of education and research (BMBF) under contracts 16KIS0477K and 13N1374, respectively

Published
2020

7. Evaluating the performance of commonly used gas analysers for methane eddy covariance flux measurements: the InGOS inter-comparison field experiment

Author

Peltola, O., Hensen, A., Helfter, C., Belelli Marchesini, L., Bosveld, F. C., Van Den Bulk, W. C M, Elbers, J. A., Haapanala, S., Holst, J., Laurila, T., Lindroth, A., Nemitz, E., Röckmann, T., Vermeulen, A. T., Mammarella, I., Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Department of Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Earth and Climate, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Evolution, water-vapor, lcsh:Life, Eddy covariance, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, atmospheric methane, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Flux (metallurgy), Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Mixing ratio, Range (statistics), attenuation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, WIMEK, Ecology, accuracy, ch4, Spectrometer, wpl terms, Chemistry, Physics, Atmospheric methane, lcsh:QE1-996.5, path, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, mixing-ratio, Dilution, lcsh:Geology, Climate Resilience, lcsh:QH501-531, quality, Klimaatbestendigheid, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Ecology, strategy, Water vapor
Abstract

The performance of eight fast-response methane (CH4) gas analysers suitable for eddy covariance flux measurements were tested at a grassland site near the Cabauw tall tower (Netherlands) during June 2012. The instruments were positioned close to each other in order to minimise the effect of varying turbulent conditions. The moderate CH4 fluxes observed at the location, of the order of 25 nmol m−2 s−1, provided a suitable signal for testing the instruments' performance. Generally, all analysers tested were able to quantify the concentration fluctuations at the frequency range relevant for turbulent exchange and were able to deliver high-quality data. The tested cavity ringdown spectrometer (CRDS) instruments from Picarro, models G2311-f and G1301-f, were superior to other CH4 analysers with respect to instrumental noise. As an open-path instrument susceptible to the effects of rain, the LI-COR LI-7700 achieved lower data coverage and also required larger density corrections; however, the system is especially useful for remote sites that are restricted in power availability. In this study the open-path LI-7700 results were compromised due to a data acquisition problem in our data-logging setup. Some of the older closed-path analysers tested do not measure H2O concentrations alongside CH4 (i.e. FMA1 and DLT-100 by Los Gatos Research) and this complicates data processing since the required corrections for dilution and spectroscopic interactions have to be based on external information. To overcome this issue, we used H2O mole fractions measured by other gas analysers, adjusted them with different methods and then applied them to correct the CH4 fluxes. Following this procedure we estimated a bias of the order of 0.1 g (CH4) m−2 (8% of the measured mean flux) in the processed and corrected CH4 fluxes on a monthly scale due to missing H2O concentration measurements. Finally, cumulative CH4 fluxes over 14 days from three closed-path gas analysers, G2311-f (Picarro Inc.), FGGA (Los Gatos Research) and FMA2 (Los Gatos Research), which were measuring H2O concentrations in addition to CH4, agreed within 3% (355–367 mg (CH4) m−2) and were not clearly different from each other, whereas the other instruments derived total fluxes which showed small but distinct differences (±10%, 330–399 mg (CH4) m−2).

Published
2014
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8. Highlights of three InGOS GHG intercomparison campaigns

Author

Hensen, Arjan, Ambus, Per, Ibrom, Andreas, Sussman Carter, M., Gasche, Rainer, Willibald, Georg, Arnold, Robin, Diaz-pines, E.ugenio, Smith, J., Lyshede, Bjarne, Lempio, Dirk, Delorme, Jean-Pierre, Brümmer, Christian, Warneke, Thorsten, van Asperen, Hella, Famulari, Daniela, Hefter, Carole, Nemitz, Eiko, Loubet, Benjamin, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Kutsch, W., Lindroth, Anders, Kiese, Ralf, Cowan, Nicolas, Anderson, M., Lohila, Annalea, Laurila, Tuomas, Laborde, Marie, Grossel, Agnès, Di Marco, C., Levy, P.E., Peltola, Olli, Mammarela, Ivan, van den Bulk, W.C.M., Haapanala, Sami, Belelli Marchesini, L., Roeckmann, Thomas, Bosveld, Floris, Elbers, J., Frumau, A., Vermeulen, Alex, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, University of Bremen, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Lund University [Lund], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Helsinki, VU University Amsterdam, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Alterra, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published
2013

9. Intercomparison of eight state-of-the-art eddy covariance methane gas

Author

Peltola, O., Hensen, A., Helfter, C., Belelli Marchesini, L., Mammarella, I., Haapanala, S., Holst, J., Elbers, J., Bosveld, F., van den Bulk, P., Rockmann, T., Lindroth, A., Laurila, T., Vermeulen, A., Nemitz, E., Earth and Climate, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute

Published
2013

10. Inverse carbon dioxide flux estimates for the Netherlands

Author

Meesters, A. G. C. A., Tolk, L. F., Peters, W., Hutjes, R. W. A., Vellinga, O. S., Elbers, J. A., Vermeulen, A. T., van der Laan, S., Neubert, R. E. M., Meijer, H. A. J., Dolman, A. J., Earth and Climate, Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groni, and Isotope Research

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, atmospheric co2, Meteorology and Air Quality, tower, exchange, emissions, transport models, Computational Geophysics: Model verification and validation, regional-scale, CO2 inversion, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling (4806), Biogeosciences: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions (0315), Atmospheric Processes: Regional modeling (4316)
Abstract

[1] CO2 fluxes for the Netherlands and surroundings are estimated for the year 2008, from concentration measurements at four towers, using an inverse model. The results are compared to direct CO2 flux measurements by aircraft, for 6 flight tracks over the Netherlands, flown multiple times in each season. We applied the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Modeling system (RAMS) coupled to a simple carbon flux scheme (including fossil fuel), which was run at 10 km resolution, and inverted with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. The domain had 6 eco-regions, and inversions were performed for the four seasons separately. Inversion methods with pixel-dependent and -independent parameters for each eco-region were compared. The two inversion methods, in general, yield comparable flux averages for each eco-region and season, whereas the difference from the prior flux may be large. Posterior fluxes co-sampled along the aircraft flight tracks are usually much closer to the observations than the priors, with a comparable performance for both inversion methods, and with best performance for summer and autumn. The inversions showed more negative CO2 fluxes than the priors, though the latter are obtained from a biosphere model optimized using the Fluxnet database, containing observations from more than 200 locations worldwide. The two different crop ecotypes showed very different CO2 uptakes, which was unknown from the priors. The annual-average uptake is practically zero for the grassland class and for one of the cropland classes, whereas the other cropland class had a large net uptake, possibly because of the abundance of maize there. © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2012
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12. Does treatment flexibility affect clinical outcome of either corifollitropin alfa or daily rFSH regimens?

Author

Hillensjö, Torbjörn, Yeko, T, Witjes, Han, Elbers, J, Devroey, Paul, Department of Embryology and Genetics, and Reproduction and Genetics

Subjects
rFSH, corifollitropin alfa
Abstract

Introduction: Corifollitropin alfa is a new treatment option for patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). A single injection of corifollitropin alfa replaces daily injections of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) for the first 7 days of ovarian stimulation. This new treatment regimen has the same flexibility in terms of the start of stimulation, the daily dose of rFSH from stimulation day 8 onward, and the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration as any other ovarian stimulation protocol. This treatment flexibility was allowed during a large controlled phase 3 trial (Engage) of corifollitropin alfa to facilitate the logistics of patient treatment and to prevent assessments or oocyte pick-up at the weekend. Here we evaluate the impact these variables had on clinical outcomes. Material and Methods: In a large, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter trial, patients were treated with either a single dose of 150 ?g corifollitropin alfa (Elonva, N.V. Organon) (n = 756) or daily 200 IU rFSH (follitropin beta, Puregon Pen, N.V. Organon) (n = 750) from day 2 or 3 of menses (stimulation day 1) for the first 7 days, followed by daily rFSH ? 200 IU from stimulation day 8 onward, depending on the follicular response. A gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (ganirelix, Orgalutran, N.V. Organon) was administered from stimulation day 5 until ? 3 follicles ? 17 mm were observed by ultrasound; hCG was either administered the same day or the next day. Efficacy parameters were analyzed for (1) patients who started stimulation on cycle day 2 vs on cycle day 3; (2) patients who received rFSH on the day of hCG vs those who did not; and (3) patients who reached the criteria for triggering oocyte maturation and received hCG the same day vs the next day. Results: There were no significant differences in the duration of stimulation, the ovarian response, the number or quality of embryos or the ongoing pregnancy rates (PRs) among patients compared in each of the 3 analyses, either in the corifollitropin alfa arm or in the rFSH treatment arm. (1) Patients who started treatment on cycle day 2 as compared to cycle day 3 had in the corifollitropin alfa arm 14.1 ± 8.1 oocytes (n = 350) vs 14.1 ± 7.9 oocytes (n = 376), respectively, and in the rFSH arm 12.8 ± 6.6 oocytes (n = 360) vs 12.5 ± 6.6 oocytes (n = 376). Ongoing PRs were respectively 37.3% vs 42.8% in the corifollitropin alfa arm and 35.0% vs 42.6% in the rFSH arm. (2) Patients who received rFSH on the day of hCG vs those who did not, had on average 13.6 ± 7.8 oocytes (n = 473) vs 15.1 ± 8.2 oocytes (n = 260) respectively in the corifollitropin alfa arm and 12.6 ± 6.7 (n = 469) vs 12.8 ± 6.6 (n = 272) in the rFSH arm. Ongoing PRs were respectively 42.5% vs 35.8% in the corifollitropin alfa arm and 39.9% vs 36.4% in the rFSH arm. (3) The number of oocytes were 14.1 ± 8.2 (n = 503) for patients who received hCG when the criteria were reached vs 14.5 ± 7.1 (n= 211) for patients with 1-day delay of hCG administration in the corifollitropin alfa arm, and these figures were 12.5 ± 6.7 (n = 524) vs 13.4 ± 6.5 (n = 209) in the rFSH arm. The PRs were respectively 40.0% vs 39.3% in the corifollitropin alfa arm and 37.8% vs 41.6% in the rFSH arm. Conclusions: Treatment flexibility at the start or completion of ovarian stimulation does not largely affect clinical outcome either in patients treated with corifollitropin alfa or with daily rFSH using a GnRH antagonist protocol. Support: Financial support for this study was provided by Merck.

Published
2011

13. Lighting the way ahead: Photonics21 Strategic Research Agenda

Author

Audren, J. T., Andersson, J., Baets, R., Bieller, S., Bindig, P., Bigo, S., Blochwitz Nimoth, J., Carter, A., Clapp, T., Cotter, D., Dämmig, M., Dainty, C., De Silvestri, S., Dominguez, C., Elbers, J. P., Everett, J., Fischer, R., Fonjallaz, P. Y., Friedel, A., Fulbert, L., Gosselin, S., Grallert, H. J., Grillet, A., Gucciardi, P. G., Haskal, E., Herzig, H. P., Jalocha, A., Jonathan, J. M., Judson, J. P., Kaierle, S., Klemmt, M., Knapp, W., Larkins, E., Lebby, M., Mayerhöfer, T., Milanese, Daniel, Mohr, J., Napier, B., Nayar, B., Parker, M., Pearsall, T., Pickering, C., Piegari, A., Popp, J., Ramponi, R., Ristau, D., Robin, T., Sandner, W., Sarger, L., Smets, B., Smit, M., Stietz, F., Svanberg, K., Thienpont, H., Thylén, L., Torner, L., Tremont, M., Viglienzoni, A., Visser, P., Wale, M., Walf, G., Walker, S., Wessler, B., and Wittrock, U.

Published
2010

14. Meten van broeikasgassen in het landschap

Author

Hensen, A., Kroon, P., Jacobus van Huissteden, Dolman, A. J., Veenendaal, E. A., Duyzer, J., Elbers, J., Beek, C., Mosquera, J., Earth and Climate, and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
CB - Bodemkwaliteit en Nutriënten, WIMEK, Research, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, inventarisaties, PE&RC, CWC - Earth System Science and Climate Change, soil, monitoring, bodem, emissie, ASG Infectieziekten, inventories, emission, greenhouse gases, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, CWK - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Wageningen Environmental Research, SS - Soil Quality and Nutrients, broeikasgassen, Wageningen Livestock Research, Onderzoek
Abstract

De uitwisseling van broeikasgassen tussen het landschap en de atmosfeer laat zich niet zo gemakkelijk bepalen als de emissie uit een schoorsteen. Verschillende meetinstrumenten en technieken worden ingezet om de dynamiek van deze uitwisseling in ruimte en tijd in beeld te krijgen. De metingen moeten vertellen wat de netto broeikasgasbalans van het landschap is en hoe deze zal reageren op een veranderend klimaat.

Published
2010

15. Galápagos and Cape Horn: Ecotourism or Green-Washing in Two Iconic Latin American Archipelagoes

Author

Rozzi, R., Massardo, F., Cruz, F., Grenier, Christophe, Muñoz, A., Mueller, E., Elbers, J., Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), and Grenier, Christophe

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

16. Mesoscale modelling of the CO2 interactions between the surface and the atmosphere applied to the April 2007 CERES field experiment

Author

Sarrat, C., Noilhan, J., Lacarrere, P., Ceschia, E., Ciais, P., Dolman, A. J., Elbers, J. A., Christoph Gerbig, Gioli, B., Lauvaux, T., Miglietta, F., Neininger, B., Ramonet, M., Vellinga, O., Bonnefond, J. M., Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), MetAir AG, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
cycle du carbone, analyse de données, Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, concentration, Meteorology and Air Quality, koolstofcyclus, lcsh:Life, simulation models, hapex-mobilhy, atmosferische grenslaag, meteorological observations, dioxyde de carbone, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, couche limite atmosphérique, lcsh:QH540-549.5, carbon cycle, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Wageningen Environmental Research, meteorologische waarnemingen, Milieux et Changements globaux, indice foliaire, relation sol-atmosphère, modèle MESO-NH, mesures aéroportées, database, modélisation, atmospheric boundary-layer, WIMEK, lcsh:QE1-996.5, resolution, carbon dioxide, regional-scale, simulation, simulatiemodellen, parameterization, fluxes, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, kooldioxide, lcsh:Ecology, strategy, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, concentratie
Abstract

This paper describes a numerical interpretation of the April 2007, CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) campaign, devoted to the study of the CO2 cycle at the regional scale. Four consecutive clear sky days with intensive observations of CO2 concentration, fluxes at the surface and in the boundary layer have been simulated with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, coupled to ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The main result of this paper is to show how aircraft observations of CO2 concentration have been used to identify surface model errors and to calibrate the CO2 driving component of the surface model. In fact, the comparisons between modelled and observed CO2 concentrations within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) allow to calibrate and correct not only the parameterization of respired CO2 fluxes by the ecosystem but also the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the dominating land cover. After this calibration, the paper describes systematic comparisons of the model outputs with numerous data collected during the CERES campaign, in April 2007. For instance, the originality of this paper is the spatial integration of the comparisons. In fact, the aircraft observations of CO2 concentration and fluxes and energy fluxes are used for the model validation from the local This paper describes a numerical interpretation of the April 2007, CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) campaign, devoted to the study of the CO2 cycle at the regional scale. Four consecutive clear sky days with intensive observations of CO2 concentration, fluxes at the surface and in the boundary layer have been simulated with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, coupled to ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The main result of this paper is to show how aircraft observations of CO2 concentration have been used to identify surface model errors and to calibrate the CO2 driving component of the surface model. In fact, the comparisons between modelled and observed CO2 concentrations within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) allow to calibrate and correct not only the parameterization of respired CO2 fluxes by the ecosystem but also the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the dominating land cover. After this calibration, the paper describes systematic comparisons of the model outputs with numerous data collected during the CERES campaign, in April 2007. For instance, the originality of this paper is the spatial integration of the comparisons. In fact, the aircraft observations of CO2 concentration and fluxes and energy fluxes are used for the model validation from the local This paper describes a numerical interpretation of the April 2007, CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) campaign, devoted to the study of the CO2 cycle at the regional scale. Four consecutive clear sky days with intensive observations of CO2 concentration, fluxes at the surface and in the boundary layer have been simulated with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, coupled to ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The main result of this paper is to show how aircraft observations of CO2 concentration have been used to identify surface model errors and to calibrate the CO2 driving component of the surface model. In fact, the comparisons between modelled and observed CO2 concentrations within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) allow to calibrate and correct not only the parameterization of respired CO2 fluxes by the ecosystem but also the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the dominating land cover. After this calibration, the paper describes systematic comparisons of the model outputs with numerous data collected during the CERES campaign, in April 2007. For instance, the originality of this paper is the spatial integration of the comparisons. In fact, the aircraft observations of CO2 concentration and fluxes and energy fluxes are used for the model validation from the local to the regional scale. As a conclusion, the CO2 budgeting approach from the mesoscale model shows that the winter croplands are assimilating more CO2 than the pine forest, at this stage of the year and this case study.

Published
2009
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17. Mesoscale modelling of the CO2 interactions between the surface and the atmosphere applied to the April 2007 CERES field experiment

Author

Sarrat C., Noilhan J., Lacarrere P., Ceschia E., Ciais P., Dolman A. J., Elbers J. A., Gerbig C., Gioli B., Lauvaux T., Miglietta F., Neininger B., Ramonet M., Vellinga O., Bonnefond, and J. M.

Subjects
modelling, atmosphere, surface, mesoscale, field
Abstract

This paper describes a numerical interpretation of the April 2007, CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) campaign, devoted to the study of the CO2 cycle at the regional scale. Four consecutive clear sky days with intensive observations of CO2 concentration, fluxes at the surface and in the boundary layer have been simulated with the Meso-NH mesoscale model, coupled to ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The main result of this paper is to show how aircraft observations of CO2 concentration have been used to identify surface model errors and to calibrate the CO2 driving component of the surface model. In fact, the comparisons between modelled and observed CO2 concentrations within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) allow to calibrate and correct not only the parameterization of respired CO2 fluxes by the ecosystem but also the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the dominating land cover. After this calibration, the paper describes systematic comparisons of the model outputs with numerous data collected during the CERES campaign, in April 2007. For instance, the originality of this paper is the spatial integration of the comparisons. In fact, the aircraft observations of CO2 concentration and fluxes and energy fluxes are used for the model validation from the local to the regional scale. As a conclusion, the CO2 budgeting approach from the mesoscale model shows that the winter croplands are assimilating more CO2 than the pine forest, at this stage of the year and this case study.

Published
2009
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19. Quality control of CarboEurope flux data – Part I: Footprint analyses to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems

Author

Göckede, M., Foken, T., Aubinet, M., Aurela, M., Banza, J., Bernhofer, C., Bonnefond, J. M., Brunet, Y., Carrara, A., Clement, R., Dellwik, E., Elbers, J., Eugster, W., Fuhrer, J., Granier, A., Grünwald, T., Heinesch, B., Janssens, I. A., Knohl, A., Koeble, R., Laurila, T., Longdoz, B., Manca, G., Marek, M., Markkanen, T., Mateus, J., Matteucci, G., Mauder, M., Migliavacca, M., Minerbi, S., Moncrieff, J., Montagnani, L., Moors, E., Ourcival, J.-M., Papale, D., Pereira, J., Pilegaard, K., Pita, G., Rambal, S., Rebmann, C., Rodrigues, A., Rotenberg, E., Sanz, M. J., Sedlak, P., Seufert, G., Siebicke, L., Soussana, J. F., Valentini, R., Vesala, T., Verbeeck, H., Yakir, D., Universität Bayreuth, University of Agricultural Sciences, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Universidade de Évora, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Foundation CEAM, University of Edinburgh, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Alterra, ALTERRA, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Agroscope Research Station ART, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Antwerp (UA), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology (AS CR), Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology AS CR, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), CNR-ISAFOM, Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory [Milano] (LTDA), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Forest Dept., Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Estação Florestal Nacional, Estaçao Florestal Nacional, Weizman Institute of Science, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Tuscia, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, INRA, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Antwerpen, Dept. of Biology, Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; We applied a site evaluation approach combining Lagrangian Stochastic footprint modelling with a quality assessment approach for eddy-covariance data to 25 forested sites of the CarboEurope-IP network. The analysis addresses the spatial representativeness of the flux measurements, instrumental effects on data quality, spatial patterns in the data quality, and the performance of the coordinate rotation method. Our findings demonstrate that application of a footprint filter could strengthen the CarboEurope-IP flux database, since only one third of the sites is situated in truly homogeneous terrain. Almost half of the sites experience a significant reduction in eddy-covariance data quality under certain conditions, though these effects are mostly constricted to a small portion of the dataset. Reductions in data quality of the sensible heat flux are mostly induced by characteristics of the surrounding terrain, while the latent heat flux is subject to instrumentation-related problems. The Planar-Fit coordinate rotation proved to be a reliable tool for the majority of the sites using only a single set of rotation angles. Overall, we found a high average data quality for the CarboEurope-IP network, with good representativeness of the measurement data for the specified target land cover types.

Published
2007
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20. Quality control of CarboEurope flux data - Part II: Inter-comparison of eddy-covariance software

Author

Mauder, M., Foken, T., Clement, R., Elbers, J. A., Eugster, W., Grünwald, T., Heusinkveld, B., Kolle, O., EGU, Publication, Micrometeorology Group [Bayreuth], Universität Bayreuth, Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Alterra, ALTERRA, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

As part of the quality assurance and quality control activities within the CarboEurope-IP network, a comparison of eddy-covariance software was conducted. For four five-day datasets, CO2 flux estimates were calculated by seven commonly used software packages to assess the uncertainty of CO2 flux estimates due to differences in post-processing. The datasets originated from different sites representing different commonly applied instrumentation and different canopy structures to cover a wide range of realistic conditions. Data preparation, coordinate rotation and the implementation of the correction for high frequency spectral losses were identified as crucial processing steps leading to significant discrepancies in the CO2 flux results. The overall comparison indicated a good although not yet perfect agreement among the different software within 5–10% difference for 30-min CO2 flux values. Conceptually different ideas about the selection and application of processing steps were a main reason for the differences in the CO2 flux estimates observed. A balance should be aspired between scientific freedom on the one hand, in order to advance methodical issues, and standardisation of procedures on the other hand, in order to obtain comparable fluxes for multi-site synthesis studies., Biogeosciences Discussions, 4 (6), ISSN:1810-6277, ISSN:1810-6285

Published
2007
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21. CERES, the CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy in Les Landes, South West France, May-June 2005. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 10-1367-1379

Author

A.J. Dolman, Noilhan, J., Durand, P., Sarrat, C., Brut, A., Piquet, B., Butet, A., Jarosz, N., Brunet, Y., Loustau, D., Lamaud, E., Tolk, L. F., Ronda, R., Miglietta, F., Gioli, B., Magliulo, V., Esposito, M., Gerbig, C., Körner, S., Galdemard, P., Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Neininger, B., Hutjes, R. W. A., Elbers, J. A., Macatangay, R., Schrems, O., Pérez-Landa, G., Sanz, M. J., Scholz, Y., Facon, G., Ceschia, E., Beziat, P., and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Published
2006

22. CERES, the CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy in Les Landes, South West France, May-June 2005

Author

Dolman, H., Durand, P., Noilhan, J., Sarrat, C., Brut, A., Butet, A., Jarosz, N., Brunet, Y., Loustau, D., Lamaud, E., Tolk, L., Ronda, R., Miglietta, F., Gioli, B., Enzo, M., Esposito, M., Gerbig, C., Koerner, S., Galdemard, P., Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Neiniger, B., Hutjes, R., Elbers, J., Warnecke, T., Landa, G., Sanz, M., Scholz, Y., Facon, G., Calvet, J., Ceschia, E., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France

Subjects
Carbon cycling, Trace gases, processes and modeling, Biogeochemical cycles, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geochemical cycles
Abstract

Quantification of sources and sinks at global and regional scales requires not only a good description of the land sources and sinks of carbon, but also of the synoptic and mesoscale meteorology. An experiment was performed in les Landes, South West France, to determine the variability in concentration gradients and fluxes of CO2 . Several aircraft sampled the CO2 concentration and fluxes over the area, while fixed stations observed the fluxes and concentrations at high precision. Several (mesoscale) meteorological modeling tools were used to plan the experiment and flight patterns. Results show that at regional scale the relation between profiles and fluxes is not obvious, and strongly influenced by airmass history and mesoscale flow patterns. This calls for an experimental and modeling strategy that takes into account the large spatial gradients in concentrations and the variability in sources and sinks that arise from different land use types. We briefly describe such an analysis.

Published
2006

23. CERES: the CarboEurope regional experiment strategy in the Landes, South West France

Author

Dolman, H., Durand, P., Noilhan, J., Sarrat, C., Brut, Aurore, Butet, A., Jarose, N., Brunet, Y., Loustau, D., Lamaud, Eric, Tolk, L., Ronda, R., Miglietta, F., Gioli, B., Enzo, M., Esposito, M., Gerbig, C., Koerner, S., Galdemard, P., Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Neiniger, B., Hutjes, R., Elbers, J., Warnecke, T., Landa, Georges, Sanz, M., Scholz, Y., Facon, G., Calvet, J., Ceschia, Eric, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Published
2005
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25. Intercomparison of energy flux models using ASTER imagery at the SPARC 2004 site (Barrax, Spain)

Author

Timmermans, W. J., Kwast, J., Gieske, A. S. M., Zhongbo Su, Olioso, A., Jia, L., Elbers, J., ProdInra, Migration, UT-I-ITC-WCC, Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Alterra, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ADLIB-ART-1260, WRS, RELATION SOL-PLANTE-ATMOSPHERE
Abstract

International audience; A comparison of output from three remote sensing based SVAT models is made over the SPARC2004 site in Barrax, Spain. Use is made of ASTER data obtained on the 18th of July 2004, overpass 11.008 GMT. Validation versus ground measurements showed reasonable to good results, where errors were generally within measurement accuracy. All three models reflected measured trends in net radiation, soil and sensible heat fluxes; no ground validation of latent heat flux was used. Inter-comparison of the three models learned that both net radiation and soil heat flux predictions show similar spatial variation, also here differences between the models were nearly negligible. Sensible heat flux output differed mainly between the two-source (TSEB) and the single-source (SEBS and SEBAL) schemes and could be primarily attributed to differences in surface roughness parameterization.

Published
2005

26. In-situ measurements of land-atmosphere exchanges of water energy and carbon dioxide in space and time over the heterogeneous Barrax site during SPARC2004

Author

Su, Jilun, Lia, L., Gieske, A.S.M., Timmermans, W.J., Jin, Xiuliang, Elbers, J., Van Der Kwast, H., Olioso, Albert, Sobrino, J.A., Nerry, Françoise, Sabol, D., Moreno, J., ProdInra, Migration, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de València (UV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), and University of Washington [Seattle]

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, RELATION SOL-PLANTE-ATMOSPHERE
Abstract

International audience; In order to advance our understanding of land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and CO2 in space and time over heterogeneous land surfaces, an intensive field campaign was carried out at the Barrax agricultural test site in Spain in the period 12-21 July 2004 involving multiple field, satellite and airborne instruments for characterizing the state of the atmosphere, the vegetation and the soil from visible to microwave range of the spectrum. Part of the experimental area is a core site of a 25 km2 area within which numerous crops are grown - on both irrigated and dry land - alongside fields of bare soil. This campaign was carried out in combination with the EU 6FP EAGLE Project. Emphasis of this paper is on the in-situ measurements of land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and CO2 as well as the thermal dynamic states of the atmosphere, the soil and the vegetation.

Published
2005

28. Net ecosystem exchange of carbondioxide and water of far eastern Siberian Larch (Larix dahurica) on permafrost

Author

Dolman, A. J., Maximov, T. C., Moors, E. J., Maximov, A. P., Elbers, J. A., Kononov, A. V., Waterloo, M. J., van Der Molen, M. K., and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

Observations of the net ecosystem exchange of water and CO2were made during two seasons in 2000 and 2001 above a Larch forest in Far East Siberia (Yakutsk). The measurements were obtained by eddy correlation. There is a very sharply pronounced growing season of 100 days when the forest is leaved. Maximum daytime uptake rates are 18 ?mol m-2 s-1 maximum respiration rates are 5 ?mol m-2 s-1. Net annual sequestration of carbon (C) was estimated at 1.7 (±0.5) ton C ha-1 in 2001. The net carbon exchange of the forest was extremely sensitive to small changes in weather that may switch the forest easily from a sink to a source, even in summer. June was the month with highest uptake in 2001. The average evaporation rate of the forest approached 1.46mm day-1 during the growing season, with peak values of 3mm day-1 with an estimated annual evaporation of 213mm, closely approaching the average annual rainfall amount. 2001 was a drier year than 2000 and this is reflected in the evaporation rates that show lower evaporation rates in 2001 than in 2000. The surface conductance of the forest shows a marked response to increasing atmospheric humidity deficits. This affects the CO2 uptake and evaporation in a different manner, with the CO2 uptake being more affected. There appears to be no change in the relation between surface conductance and normalized net ecosystem uptake at the monthly time scale. The response to atmospheric humidity deficits is an efficient mechanism to prevent severe water loss during the short intense growing season. The associated cost to the sequestration of carbon may be another explanation for the slow growth of these forests in this environment.

Published
2004

29. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology

Author

Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannik, U., Moncrieff, J., Foken, T., Kowalski, A. S., Martin, P. H., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Clement, R., Elbers, J., Granier, A., Grunwald, T., Morgenstern, K., Pilegaard, K., Rebmann, C., Snijders, W., Riccardo Valentini, and Vesala, T.

Subjects
Life Science, Wageningen Environmental Research
Published
2000

30. Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in transsexuals

Author

Elbers, J. M., Asscheman, H., jacob Seidell, Gooren, Louis J. G., and Youth and Lifestyle

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sex Characteristics, Adolescent, Anthropometry, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Androgen Antagonists, Research Support, Ethinyl Estradiol, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Trial, Drug Combinations, Adipose Tissue, Estradiol Congeners, Journal Article, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Non-U.S. Gov't, Cyproterone Acetate, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Transsexualism
Abstract

We investigated prospectively the effect of sex steroids on regional fat depots and thigh muscle mass in adult transsexuals. Ethinyl estradiol in combination with cyproterone acetate, a progestational antiandrogen, was given to 20 male-to-female (M-F) transsexuals, and parenteral testosterone esters were given to 17 female-to-male (F-M) transsexuals. Before and after 12 mo of cross-sex hormone administration, several anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfolds, body circumferences, and bioimpedance) were performed, and transverse magnetic resonance images were obtained at the level of the abdomen, hip, and thigh to quantify fat depots (subcutaneous and visceral) and muscle areas. We observed that treatment with ethinyl estradiol in M-F transsexuals induced a significant increase in all subcutaneous fat depots, with a lesser but proportional and significant increase in the visceral fat depot and a decrease in thigh muscle area. Testosterone administration in F-M transsexuals markedly increased thigh muscle area, reduced subcutaneous fat deposition at all levels measured, but slightly increased the visceral fat area. We conclude that sex steroid hormones are important determinants of the sex-specific localization of body fat.

Published
1999

32. Characterization of human soft tissue sarcomas in nude mice. Evidence for histogenic properties of malignant fibrous histiocytomas

Author

Roholl, P. J., Rutgers, D. H., Rademakers, L. H., De Weger, R. A., Elbers, J. R., and Van Unnik, J. A.

Subjects
Leiomyosarcoma, Transplantation, Heterologous, Mice, Nude, Soft Tissue Neoplasms, Fibroma, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Mice, Microscopy, Electron, Sarcoma, Synovial, Animals, Humans, Sarcoma, Experimental, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neurilemmoma, Research Article
Abstract

Twenty-two human sarcomas were grafted subcutaneously into nude mice. Twelve tumors grew successfully. Nine of these 12 tumors had an aneuploid DNA content, whereas only 1 of 10 nonsuccessful tumors was aneuploid. The 12 sarcomas included two leiomyosarcomas, two malignant schwannomas, one synovial sarcoma, and seven malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs). With light and electron microscopic and immunolabeling studies the original and xenografted tumors (the latter for at least two generations) were histopathologically compared. The xenografted leiomyosarcomas showed ultrastructurally a more pronounced leiomyodifferentiation, and one of the malignant schwannomas a more pronounced schwannian differentiation. The second malignant schwannoma and the synovial sarcoma, however, remained unchanged. Five storiform pleomorphic MFHs expressed features that were not observed in the original tumors. Tumor cells of three of these xenografted sarcomas showed leiomyogenic differentiation (filamentous densities, pinocytotic vescicles, and desmin immunoreactivity), whereas cells of the two others demonstrated schwannian differentiation (long cytoplasmic processes, basal lamina). A xenografted myxoid MFH and a pleomorphic MFH gave rise to pleomorphic sarcomas composed of undifferentiated cells. It appeared that under transplantation conditions tumor cells of storiform pleomorphic MFH can differentiate into various directions.

Published
1988

33. New estimate of the carbon sink strength of EU forests integrating flux measurements, field surveys, and space observations: 0.17-0.35 Gt(C)

Author

Martin, P. H., Valentini, R., Jacques, M., Fabbri, K., Galati, D., Quaratino, R., Moncrieff, J. B., Jarvis, P., Jensen, N. O., Lindroth, A., Grelle, A., Aubinet, M., Ceulemans, R., Kowalski, A. S., Vesala, T., Keronen, P., Giorgio Matteucci, Grainer, A., Barbingier, P., Loustau, D., Schulze, E. -D, Tenhunen, J., Rebman, C., Dolman, A. J., Elbers, J. E., Bernhofer, C., Grünwald, T., Thorgeirsson, H., Kennedy, P., and Folving, S.

35. Evaluation of the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) applied to ASTER imagery with flux-measurements at the SPARC 2004 site (Barrax, Spain)

Author

van der Kwast, J., Timmermans, W., Gieske, A., Su, Z., Olioso, A., Jia, L., Elbers, J., Karssenberg, D., de Jong, S., de Jong, Steven, Sub FG Externen, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, and Sub FG Externen

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Energy balance, évapotranspiration, espagne, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, heat flow, bilan énergétique, remote sensing, Evapotranspiration, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, footprint estimation, CGI - Earth Observation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, 020701 environmental engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, roughness, lcsh:GE1-350, CGI - Aardobservatie, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, MODELLING, Centre Geo-information, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, europe, aardoppervlak, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, index, land-surface, couvert végétal, Alterra - Centrum Geo-informatie, 0207 environmental engineering, evapotranspiration, Land cover, Sensible heat, energiebalans, lcsh:TD1-1066, soil, Footprint, models, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, modèle mathématique, Landscape Centre, warmtestroming, evapotranspiratie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, lcsh:T, land surface, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, temperature, area, 15. Life on land, REMOTE SENSING, ENERGY BALANCE, energy balance, pays méditerranéen, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, atmosphere, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Scale (map)
Abstract

Accurate quantification of the amount and spatial variation of evapotranspiration is important in a wide range of disciplines. Remote sensing based surface energy balance models have been developed to estimate turbulent surface energy fluxes at different scales. The objective of this study is to evaluate the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model on a landscape scale, using tower-based flux measurements at different land cover units during an overpass of the ASTER sensor over the SPARC 2004 experimental site in Barrax (Spain). A sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to investigate to which variable the sensible heat flux is most sensitive. Taking into account their estimation errors, the aerodynamic parameters (hc, z0M and d0) can cause large deviations in the modelling of sensible heat flux. The effect of replacement of empirical derivation of these aerodynamic parameters in the model by field estimates or literature values is investigated by testing two scenarios: the Empirical Scenario in which empirical equations are used to derive aerodynamic parameters and the Field Scenario in which values from field measurements or literature are used to replace the empirical calculations of the Empirical Scenario. In the case of a homogeneous land cover in the footprints of the measurements, the Field Scenario only resulted in a small improvement, compared to the Empirical Scenario. The Field Scenario can even worsen the result in the case of heterogeneous footprints, by creating sharp borders related to the land cover map. In both scenarios modelled fluxes correspond better with flux measurements over uniform land cover compared to cases where different land covers are mixed in the measurement footprint. Furthermore SEBS underestimates sensible heat flux especially over dry and sparsely vegetated areas, which is common in single-source models.

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36. Ground-based optical measurements at European flux sites: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies

Author

Manuela Balzarolo 1, Karen Anderson 2, Caroline Nichol 3, Micol Rossini 4, Loris Vescovo 5, Nicola Arriga 1, Georg Wohlfahrt 6, Jean-Christophe Calvet 7, Arnaud Carrara 8, Sofia Cerasoli 9, Sergio Cogliati 4, Fabrice Daumard 10, Lars Eklundh 11, Jan A. Elbers 12, Fatih Evrendilek 13, Rebecca N. Handcock 14, Joerg Kaduk 15, Katja Klumpp 16, Bernard Longdoz 17, Giorgio Matteucci 18, Michele Meroni 4, Lenoardo Montagnani 20, Jean-Marc Ourcival 22, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete 23, Jean-Yves Pontailler 24, Radoslaw Juszczak 25, Bob Scholes 26, M. Pilar Martín 27, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, DISAT, University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy, CRI, Fondazione E. Mach, Viote del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy, Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico, Calle C.R. Darwin, Paterna, SP-46980, Valencia, Spain, Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Alterra, ESS-CC Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey, CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia, Department of Geography [Leicester], University of Leicester, INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, UR874, 63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Cavour, 4-6 I-87036, Rende, Italy, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale, Université Paris Sud-Orsay, CNRS URA 1492 Bât. 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Dept. of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland, CSIR, Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, PO Box 395, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Balzarolo, Manuela, University of Exeter, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, University of Innsbruck, Austrian Science Fund, Tyrolean Science Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Martín, M. Pilar [0000-0002-5563-8461], Balzarolo, Manuela [0000-0002-7888-1501], Rossini, Micol [0000-0002-6052-3140], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Carrara, Arnaud [0000-0002-9095-8807], Cerasoli, Sofia [0000-0002-9118-193X], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Elbers, Jan A. [0000-0002-0631-3505], Handcock, Rebecca N. [0000-0001-5903-6620], Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P. [0000-0003-0482-6726], Juszczak, Radoslaw [0000-0002-5212-7383], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Balzarolo, M, Anderson, K, Nichol, C, Rossini, M, Vescovo, L, Arriga, N, Wohlfahrt, G, Calvet, J, Carrara, A, Cerasoli, S, Cogliati, S, Daumard, F, Eklundh, L, Elbers, J, Evrendilek, F, Handcock, R, Kaduk, J, Klumpp, K, Longdoz, B, Matteucci, G, Meroni, M, Montagnani, L, Ourcival, J, Sanchez Canete, E, Pontailler, J, Juszczak, R, Scholes, B, Martin, M, Martín, M. Pilar, Rossini, Micol, Arriga, Nicola, Carrara, Arnaud, Cerasoli, Sofia, Eklundh, Lars, Elbers, Jan A., Handcock, Rebecca N., Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P., and Juszczak, Radoslaw

Subjects
Optics and Photonics, Time Factors, Light, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Climate, Cost-Benefit Analysis, International Cooperation, resolution ndvi, 0211 other engineering and technologies, standardisation, Review, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, spectral reflectance, sensors, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, european flux networks, protocol standardization, optical measurements, vegetation indexes, co2 fluxes, photosynthetic efficiency, ndvi measurements, carbon dioxide, ecosystem, calibration, validation, CARBON-DIOXIDE, sensor, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental monitoring, lcsh:TP1-1185, Instrumentation, protocole, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], efficience photosynthétique, Sampling (statistics), NDVI MEASUREMENTS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Variety (cybernetics), Europe, indice de végétation, Protocol standardisation, European flux networks, Environmental Monitoring, Underpinning, Conservation of Natural Resources, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY, Climate Change, Eddy covariance, Biophysics, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, protocol standardisation, Optical measurements, écosystème, VALIDATION, dioxyde de carbone, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, optical measurement, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiometry, SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, Remote sensing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Protocol (science), FOOTPRINT, Electronic Data Processing, VEGETATION INDEXES, CO2 FLUXES, Sensors, mesure optique, flux de co2, Reproducibility of Results, Data science, reflectance spectrale, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Software deployment, Autre (Sciences de l'ingénieur), capteur, ndvi, RESOLUTION NDVI, ECOSYSTEM
Abstract

This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites., This work was supported by the EU COST Office in the framework of the Action ES0903. C.Nichol’s project on spectral sensing is funded through a UK Natural Environment Research Council standard grant (NE/F017294/1). G.W. acknowledges financial support by the Austrian National Science Fund and the Tyrolean Science Fund through grants P17560-B16 and P19849-B16 and Uni-404/33 and Uni-404/486, respectively, as well as the University of Innsbruck. A.C. acknowledges financial support provide to Foundation CEAM by the programs CONSOLIDER- INGENIO 2010 (GRACCIE), and CARBORED-II (CGL2010-22193-C04-01).

Published
2011
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