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Airbus has predicted that by 2034, there will be a demand for 32,600 new airplanes. Asian markets will cover most of this demand - over one third of the total demand over the course of the next 20 years. This forecasted high demand naturally interests many actors in the industry, especially airplane manufacturers. The number of Asian passengers is increasing all the time and their culture significantly deviates from Western culture. The cabin crew, more specifically, cabin crew who fly to Asia, was identified as an important reference group for this study. The cultural differences of Japanese and Chinese passengers and their habits were studied through interviews conducted with cabin crew. The interviewees were Finnish, Chinese and Japanese. The study consisted of eight one-on-one semi-structured interviews and one observation of a flight to Seoul, South-Korea. In addition, during the flight four shorter questionnaires were completed by the cabin crew. The interviews were based on various aspects of the FUCAM –project (Future Cabin for Asian Markets), such as groups of passengers, cultural differences, food and in-flight entertainment. The aim of this study was to identify the special features among Asian passengers and how these features should be taken into consideration for the construction of future airplane cabins. The interviewees contributed their own observations of the Asian passengers and gave their insights into how the passengers’ needs could be accommodated in a future cabin. The themes that stood out strongest and occurred most often were, for example, the increasing amount of Asian female passengers and their special needs, the etiquette of reclining the seat and the absence of a common language which caused communication problems. It was also surveyed whether the cabin crew had encountered any so-called lead users, i.e. those who have a special need for something and solve it by themselves before there is any commercial solution for it. These kinds of lead users were not identified which could have been because the cabin crew did not pay special attention to these people while they were working.&nbsp

In the era of ‘digital by default’, internet-borne services reach out into spaces and places. One example of such a service is home-based micro-payments using Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) that depends on reliable information-sharing practices between user and service providers. Traditional business modelling and brainstorming methods struggle to articulate the influences of space and place on service requirements, especially in terms of human-to-human and cultural relations. Shared modelling with Lego produces three-dimensional ‘rich pictures’ of relational services design showing the influences of space and place upon a situated service design. However, previous studies have merely presented results as photographs without annotations explaining model dynamics. Line drawings subsequently made by the authors, based on the model, succeed in extracted recursive patterns of spatially and temporally distributed social practices. These drawings, together with the model, are prime candidates for service designers to articulate the relational spaces and the demographics of target user-communities.

The LuxTurrim5G project, led by Nokia and Spinverse, in Finland, started by designing a Smart Pole whose functionality, besides lighting, was to support an infrastructure to install a new network for sensors, but mostly 5G equipment. The granularity of the pole locations was adequate to guarantee the spacing among 5G cells, thus enabling smooth integration of this technology in the urban fabric. In the second part of this project, a design team from Aalto University was involved in enlarging the technological project’s scope. The first part of the work consisted of analysing the apparent tendency to often catalog a city as a Smart City, which repeatedly occurred from the installation of any technological facility, even if citizens did not perceive its value. From the research conducted, it was verified that it is imperative to take a holistic view of the city and, second, to change the paradigm from technology-centric to citizen-centric to develop a Smart City that promotes quality of life and well-being for its citizens. These findings resulted in the developed work, whereby the initial LuxTurrim5G pole evolved to become an innovative product-service ecosystem in which the products and services were merged to support citizens intrinsically, promote well-being, a better use of resources, and enhance civic participation and social cohesion in the city life. The Smart Pole triggered the conception of a Smart Urban Furniture Collection concept that was designed to offer support for the installation of new technologies as well as space for a robust set of services tailored to citizens and cities. These services range from safety and emergency, city management, transport and mobility, and citizen engagement. These were considered to be the essential set of service parameters in the Smart City context. The Smart Urban Furniture Collection was designed to adapt to the city’s DNA and urban cultural heritage. Four different collections were designed, each with an interpretation of, besides the Smart Pole, a Smart Bus Stop, a Smart Bench, a Smart Trash Can, and a novel element; a Smart Hub, developed to increase social inclusiveness and fruition of public spaces. Besides coordinating the Aalto Design Factory team task force, the author of this dissertation proposed one of the four collections, in particular the Loop Collection. This collection, inspired by minimalism and emotional design, offers a modular approach based on an aesthetic motif, a rounded rectangular shape, leading to a significant number of easily configurable versions of the different urban furniture elements. This paper describes the basic research that led to the above-mentioned concepts and the Loop collection, presenting a thorough description of the ideas supporting the different design decisions or approaches. It also details the different activities in which various stakeholders such as citizens, municipality managers, consortium partners and other representatives were involved prior to the design phase defining the process’ strategy and evaluating the results. O projeto LuxTurrim5G liderado pelas empresas Nokia e Spinverse na Finlândia, teve como objetivo inicial conceber um poste de iluminação inteligente que, além da função base, serviria de suporte a sensores e à infraestrutura para uma célula da rede 5G. A distribuição dos postes de iluminação pela cidade oferece uma excelente granularidade permitindo implantar as células 5G sem necessidade de instalar infraestruturas adicionais. Depois da primeira fase, este projeto prolongou-se para uma segunda fase na qual foi envolvida uma equipa de design da universidade de Aalto com o intuito de alargar para outras visões o cariz eminentemente tecnológico inicial. Na primeira parte do trabalho foi analisado o conceito de cidade inteligente tendo sido concluído que, aparentemente, a tendência para catalogar uma cidade como inteligente provém essencialmente da instalação de alguma tecnologia de qualquer espécie, mesmo com os cidadãos não se apercebendo do valor intrínseco correspondente. Assim, conclui-se que será imperativo trabalhar com uma perspetiva holística da cidade, mudando o paradigma de centrado nas tecnologias para centrado nos cidadãos. Só assim uma cidade inteligente será apercebida como tendo condições para promover a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar para os seus cidadãos. Esta perspetiva macroscópica deu origem a que o poste inteligente da 1ª fase do projeto LuxTurrim5G evoluísse para um ecossistema de inovação com uma forte interligação de produto-serviço, permitindo promover uma simbiose entre elementos de mobiliário urbano e os sistemas com base tecnológica que eles suportam. Esta simbiose, quando orientada para os cidadãos, além da promoção do bem-estar, permite melhorar a utilização de recursos, promover a participação cívica e facilitar a coesão social. Assim, de um poste de iluminação chegou-se ao conceito de Coleção de Mobiliário Urbano Inteligente o qual deve ter condições para instalar tecnologia e para oferecer um conjunto significativo de serviços para os cidadãos e para apoio à gestão da cidade. Esses serviços deverem incluir áreas diversas tais como segurança e apoio a emergências, gestão dos sistemas da cidade, mobilidade e transporte e, muito importante, compromisso e envolvimento dos cidadãos. A Coleção de Mobiliário Urbano Inteligente foi projetada para se adaptar ao ADN das cidades e à sua herança cultural. Assim, foram projetadas quatro coleções distintas, com a sua interpretação da melhor adaptação a uma cidade inteligente. Cada coleção incluiu, além do poste inteligente, uma paragem de autocarro inteligente, um banco inteligente, um caixote do lixo inteligente e, adicionalmente, um elemento novo, designado por “Smart Hub”, ponto central inteligente, destinado a promover inclusão social e fruição de espaços urbanos. Além de coordenar a equipa da Aalto Design Factory o autor desta dissertação projetou uma das coleções, designada por Loop. Esta coleção, inspirada em técnicas de design minimalista e emocional, sustenta-se num módulo base como motivo estético, em particular uma forma de retângulo com vértices arredondados, com o qual se consegue obter um número significativo de versões do mobiliário urbano fáceis de configurar e de adaptar às necessidades da cidade e dos cidadãos. Este documento reporta, assim, a fase de pesquisa que levou aos conceitos macroscópicos referidos e à coleção Loop, apresentando e discutindo as ideias que conduziram às diferentes metodologias e decisões de design. Também são apresentadas as atividades que permitiram levar em consideração os inputs dos diferentes stakeholders tais como cidadãos, responsáveis do município, representantes dos membros do consórcio e outras entidades relacionadas com a cidade. Este envolvimento deu-se não só no início desta fase do projeto, mas também no fim, permitindo neste caso obter feedback e uma avaliação preliminar do trabalho realizado. Mestrado em Engenharia e Design de Produto

Studies on the effect from music on people have been ongoing for thousands of years, and with the technology and knowledge available today it is easier to investigate the underlying reasons for why music affecting us the way it does. Music is said to be a multidimensional art form utilizing the medium of sound, and because of this multidimensional nature studies of music are easily confounded. In this thesis, an experiment has been constructed to investigate the effect from speed of music on prototyping. Our hypothesis is that music with a higher BPM will result in a higher activity and/or better results during a prototyping session. The experiment was constructed by analysing available literature and other information to find suitable ways to measure the effect from music, as well as how to develop the music and test setup in order to avoid unnecessary confounding. The chosen means of measurement was quantitative measurements and movement of the test subjects. During two weeks in June/ July 2015 the experiment performed with summer school children at the science museum Heureka in Finland. With the data gathered, it was not possible to confirm our hypothesis, but because of some elements, such as the age of the children and location of the experiment it cannot be discarded it either. The experiment should therefore be retried at a later and more suitable time, with people in an older age group and at a more controlled location

The paper explores the effect that the languages associated with the applied methods have on product development processes. Product development does increasingly involve more diverse disciplines and expanded cross-disciplinary views. Most importantly, the new disciplines: Design Thinking, and, Innovation Management have introduced new cross-disciplinary methods and approaches. Some of the most important cognitive processes involved in product development: perceiving, meaning making, conceptualizing, communicating, and learning have been reframed and expanded as new disciplines have been introduced. An important aspect of the diversity is the introduction of the different languages that are introduced along with the new disciplines. Language is here defined as a combination of the vocabulary and the methodological approaches that are introduced by the new disciplines. The experience of the application of these new languages reveals that the traditional methods applied in product development are highly influenced and limited by the languages that are traditionally associated with the application of these methods. Though language plays an important part in these essential processes it is rarely addressed in the product development literature. This paper aims at exploring this language perspective in product development processes.

The perception of product development and the practical execution of product development in professional organizations have undergone dramatic changes in recent years. Many of these chances relate to introduction of broader and more cross-disciplinary views that involves new organizational functions and new concepts. These chances can be captured in various generations of practice. This paper will discuss the recent development of 3rd generation product development process models and the emergence of a 4th generation. While the 3rd generation models included the concept of innovation and innovation management the 4th generation models are increasingly including the concept business models and business model innovation.

Can a municipality be designed? The municipality Kolding in the southern part of Denmark asked this question. The idea emerged as a response to a recognized need for new ways of branding and developing the municipality. It is an ongoing process that was kicked off in 2012 and this paper is therefore focusing primarily on the process of changing the perception of how to organize development in a municipality. The most important elements in transforming the whole development setup are described. Finally, a short case describing one of the significant results is included.

The overall structure and the main characteristics of the future product are all decided in the front-end phase, which then strongly affects subsequent new product development activities. Recent studies indicate that these early front-end activities represent the most troublesome phase of the innovation process, and at the same time one of the greatest opportunities to improve the overall innovation capability of a company. In this paper dealing with the criteria we concentrate only for the objectives viewpoint and leave the attributes discussion to the future research. Two most crucial questions are:• What are the objectives of measurement in radical design? and• What are the most crucial future challenges related with the selection of the relevantmeasurement objectives?Based on the theoretical part of this paper, our framework of the Balanced Design Front-End Model (BDFEM) for measuring the innovation activities front end contains five assessment viewpoints as follows; input, process, output (including impacts), social environment and structural environment. Based on the results from our first managerial implications in three Finnish manufacturing companies we argue, that the developed model is flexible and can also be applied extensively to other purposes than manufacturing companies, like service sector, as well.

Conversational interaction is central to architectural design practice. New information and communication technologies (ICT) change the designer’s traditional way of communicating and interacting. In this paper we investigate how communication in the design process might be supported using ICT. With this aim, we study a text-based Skype conversation between a design teacher and a design student. We consider this conversation as part of an architectural design process and analyse it using linkography. From the linkograph analysis, specific features are identified that apply specifically to text-based Skype interactions. We conclude that online text-based Skype interaction can be one of the many possible interactions by means of communication media (sketching, conversation, modelling, and so forth) during the design process, and provides a distinct set of characteristics that might be considered by the designer.

Purpose- This paper builds upon the notion of academic entrepreneurship as a way to engage with external communities to create value (Kingma 2011) and more specifically analyses how design is used to foster this idea of entrepreneurship in a lab at Harvard in Cambridge, MA. Approach- The study is the result of an ethnographic investigation I conducted across 2013 and 2014. Findings- In the lab analysed, design plays an important role to connect academia with external stakeholders and to sustain interactions through processes of translations, iterative prototyping, co-design. These activities contribute to develop some components of academic entrepreneurship, but also open up questions on how to evaluate this entrepreneurial dimension. Value- The study contributes to the ongoing discussions on how academia can adopt entrepreneurial approaches and reflects upon open issues potentially related to some of these approaches.

Aalto University Design Factory, one of the spearhead projects of the recently formed Aalto University, is a meeting point for students, educators and practitioners from the fields of engineering, design and business. The Design Factory is a constantly evolving experimental platform for interdisciplinary education and collaboration related to product development. As Design Factory continues to grow from its birth four years ago, it is gaining worldwide interest, hosting various courses, along with projects, events and visits from different universities, institutions and companies, both national and international. This continuing development has presented a need for a system to efficiently collect information needed to help document visitors and activities. This thesis depicts a design project with the main goal of designing a system that helps capturing information from the visitors of the Design Factory in an easy, organized and programmable way. This system enables the Design Factory to start a database of visual and contact information of the people for internal documentation, research and external promotion and communication. As an outcome of the design project, a basic working prototype of the system was developed and provided to Design Factory for testing and further development. The system development process follows general product and systems design and project engineering methodologies and procedures with the documentation and reflections of the author serving as a future reference for development of similar types of projects. Outgoing