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1. Advanced methods for analyzing in-situ observations of magnetic reconnection

Author

Hasegawa, H., Argall, M. R., Aunai, N., Bandyopadhyay, R., Bessho, N., Cohen, I. J., Denton, R. E., Dorelli, J. C., Egedal, J., Fuselier, S. A., Garnier, P., Genot, V., Graham, D. B., Hwang, K. J., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Korovinskiy, D. B., Lavraud, B., Lenouvel, Q., Li, T. C., Liu, Y. -H., de Welle, B. Michotte, Nakamura, T. K. M., Payne, D. S., Petrinec, S. M., Qi, Y., Rager, A. C., Reiff, P. H., Schroeder, J. M., Shuster, J. R., Sitnov, M. I., Stephens, G. K., Swisdak, M., Tian, A. M., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., and Zenitani, S.

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

There is ample evidence for magnetic reconnection in the solar system, but it is a nontrivial task to visualize, to determine the proper approaches and frames to study, and in turn to elucidate the physical processes at work in reconnection regions from in-situ measurements of plasma particles and electromagnetic fields. Here an overview is given of a variety of single- and multi-spacecraft data analysis techniques that are key to revealing the context of in-situ observations of magnetic reconnection in space and for detecting and analyzing the diffusion regions where ions and/or electrons are demagnetized. We focus on recent advances in the era of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which has made electron-scale, multi-point measurements of magnetic reconnection in and around Earth's magnetosphere., Comment: submitted to Space Science Reviews (105 pages, incl. 30 figures, 7 tables)

Published
2023
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2. 2D Reconstruction of Magnetotail Electron Diffusion Region Measured by MMS

Author

Schroeder, J. M., Egedal, J., Cozzani, G., Khotyaintsev, Yu, Daughton, W., Denton, R. E., Burch, J. L., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Department of Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, and Space Physics Research Group

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Geophysics, Geofysik, Physics - Space Physics, Magnetic reconnection, Anomalous resistivity, FOS: Physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
Abstract

Models for collisionless magnetic reconnection in near-Earth space are distinctly characterized as 2D or 3D. In 2D kinetic models, the frozen-in law for the electron fluid is usually broken by laminar dynamics involving structures set by the electron orbit size, while in 3D models the width of the electron diffusion region is broadened by turbulent effects. We present an analysis of in situ spacecraft observations from the Earth's magnetotail of a fortuitous encounter with an active reconnection region, mapping the observations onto a 2D spatial domain. While the event likely was perturbed by low-frequency 3D dynamics, the structure of the electron diffusion region remains consistent with results from a 2D kinetic simulation. As such, the event represents a unique validation of 2D kinetic, and laminar reconnection models., Comment: Accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Copyright 2022 American Geophysical Union. Further reproduction or electronic distribution is not permitted. 11 pages. 5 figures

Published
2022
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3. The Force Balance of Electrons During Kinetic Anti-parallel Magnetic Reconnection

Author

Egedal, J., Gurram, H., Greess, S., Daughton, W., and Lê, A.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
Abstract

Fully kinetic simulations are applied to the study of 2D anti-parallel reconnection, elucidating the dynamics by which the electron fluid maintains force balance within both the electron diffusion region (EDR) and the ion diffusion region (IDR). Inside the IDR, magnetic field-aligned electron pressure anisotropy ($p_{e\parallel}\gg p_{e\perp})$ develops upstream of the EDR. Compared to previous investigations, the use of modern computer facilities allows for simulations at the natural proton to electron mass ratio $m_i/m_e=1836$. In this high-$m_i/m_e$-limit the electron dynamics changes qualitatively, as the electron inflow to the EDR is enhanced and mainly driven by the anisotropic pressure. Using a coordinate system with the $x$-direction aligned with the reconnecting magnetic field and the $y$-direction aligned with the central current layer, it is well-known that for the much studied 2D laminar anti-parallel and symmetric scenario the reconnection electric field at the $X$-line must be balanced by the $\partial p_{exy}/ \partial x$ and $\partial p_{eyz}/ \partial z$ off-diagonal electron pressure stress components. We find that the electron anisotropy upstream of the EDR imposes large values of $\partial p_{exy}/ \partial x$ within the EDR, and along the direction of the reconnection $X$-line this stress cancels with the stress of a previously determined theoretical form for $\partial p_{eyz}/ \partial z$. The electron frozen-in law is instead broken by pressure tensor gradients related to the direct heating of the electrons by the reconnection electric field. The reconnection rate is free to adjust to the value imposed externally by the plasma dynamics at larger scales., Comment: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas, 11 October 2022

Published
2022
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4. The structure of a perturbed magnetic reconnection electron diffusion region

Author

Cozzani, G., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Graham, D. B., Egedal, J., Andr��, M., Vaivads, A., Alexandrova, A., Contel, O. Le, Nakamura, R., Fuselier, S. A., Russell, C. T., and Burch, J. L.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report in situ observations of an electron diffusion region (EDR) and adjacent separatrix region. We observe significant magnetic field oscillations near the lower hybrid frequency which propagate perpendicularly to the reconnection plane. We also find that the strong electron-scale gradients close to the EDR exhibit significant oscillations at a similar frequency. Such oscillations are not expected for a crossing of a steady 2D EDR, and can be explained by a complex motion of the reconnection plane induced by current sheet kinking propagating in the out-of-reconnection-plane direction. Thus all three spatial dimensions have to be taken into account to explain the observed perturbed EDR crossing., 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021

5. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena in Solar and Heliospheric Plasmas

Author

Ji, H., Karpen, J., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Bhattacharjee, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, B., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Comisso, L., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hare, J., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Lebedev, S., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sironi, L., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., Swisdak, M., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., and Zweibel, E.

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Magnetic reconnection underlies many explosive phenomena in the heliosphere and in laboratory plasmas. The new research capabilities in theory/simulations, observations, and laboratory experiments provide the opportunity to solve the grand scientific challenges summarized in this whitepaper. Success will require enhanced and sustained investments from relevant funding agencies, increased interagency/international partnerships, and close collaborations of the solar, heliospheric, and laboratory plasma communities. These investments will deliver transformative progress in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena including space weather events., 4 pages (including a title page), white paper submitted to Helio2050 workshop at https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/helio2050/. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2004.00079

Published
2020

6. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena throughout the Universe

Author

Ji, H., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., and Zweibel, E.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

This white paper summarizes major scientific challenges and opportunities in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena as a fundamental plasma process., 6 pages, 1 figure, white paper submitted to both Plasma 2020 and Astro 2020 Decadal Surveys

Published
2020

8. Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments

Author

Rager, AC, Dorelli, JC, Gershman, DJ, Uritsky, V, Avanov, LA, Torbert, RB, Burch, JL, Ergun, RE, Egedal, J, Schiff, C, Shuster, JR, Giles, BL, Paterson, WR, Pollock, CJ, Strangeway, RJ, Russell, CT, Lavraud, B, Coffey, VN, and Saito, Y

Subjects
diamagnetic drift, Physics::Space Physics, reconnection, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5 ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from E × B drift in the interval where the out-of-plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out-of-plane current is transitioning to in-plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5 ms resolution.

Published
2018

9. Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments

Author

Rager, AC, Dorelli, JC, Gershman, DJ, Uritsky, V, Avanov, LA, Torbert, RB, Burch, JL, Ergun, RE, Egedal, J, Schiff, C, Shuster, JR, Giles, BL, Paterson, WR, Pollock, CJ, Strangeway, RJ, Russell, CT, Lavraud, B, Coffey, VN, and Saito, Y

Subjects
diamagnetic drift, reconnection, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from E × B drift in the interval where the out-of-plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out-of-plane current is transitioning to in-plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5ms resolution.

Published
2018

10. Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments

Author

Rager, A. C., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Uritsky, V., Avanov, L. A., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Ergun, R. E., Egedal, J., Schiff, C., Shuster, J. R., Giles, B. L., Paterson, W. R., Pollock, C. J., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Lavraud, B., Coffey, V. N., and Saito, Yoshifumi

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Current sheet, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Research Letter, Magnetospheric Physics, Magnetic Reconnection, Instruments and Techniques, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, diamagnetic drift, Magnetic reconnection, Plasma, Research Letters, Computational physics, Geophysics, Charged Particle Motion and Acceleration, Physics::Space Physics, reconnection, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Diamagnetism, Space Plasma Physics, Current density, Space Sciences
Abstract

著者人数: 19名, Accepted: 2018-01-07, 資料番号: SA1170245000

Published
2017

11. Electron crescent distributions as a manifestation of diamagnetic drift in an electron scale current sheet

Author

Rager, A. C., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Uritsky, V., Avanov, L. A., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Ergun, R. E., Egedal, J., Schiff, C., Shuster, J. R., Giles, B. L., Paterson, W. R., Pollock, C. J., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Lavraud, B., Coffey, V. N, and Saito, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
Abstract

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5 ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from $E \times B$ drift in the interval where the out-of-plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out-of-plane current is transitioning to in-plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5 ms resolution., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017
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15. The national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) research programme and progress towards high beta, long pulse operating scenarios

Author

Synakowski, EJ, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Bigelow, T, Bitter, M, Blanchard, W, Boedo, J, Bourdelle, C, Bush, C, Darrow, DS, Efthimion, PC, Fredrickson, ED, Gates, DA, Gilmore, M, Grisham, LR, Hosea, JC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kubota, S, Kugel, HW, LeBlanc, BP, Lee, K, Maingi, R, Manickam, J, Maqueda, R, Mazzucato, E, Medley, SS, Menard, J, Mueller, D, Nelson, BA, Neumeyer, C, Ono, M, Paoletti, F, Park, HK, Paul, SF, Peng, YKM, Phillips, CK, Ramakrishnan, S, Raman, R, Roquemore, AL, Rosenberg, A, Ryan, PM, Sabbagh, SA, Skinner, CH, Soukhanovskii, V, Stevenson, T, Stutman, D, Swain, DW, Taylor, G, von Halle, A, Wilgen, J, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Zweben, SJ, Akers, R, Barry, RE, Beiersdorfer, P, Bialek, JM, Blagojevic, B, Bonoli, PT, Budny, R, Carter, MD, Chang, CS, Chrzanowski, J, Davis, W, Deng, B, Doyle, EJ, Dudek, L, Egedal, J, Ellis, R, Ferron, JR, Finkenthal, M, Foley, J, Fredd, E, Glasser, A, Gibney, T, Goldston, RJ, Harvey, R, Hatcher, RE, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Hill, KW, Houlberg, W, Jarboe, TR, Jardin, SC, Ji, H, Kalish, M, Lawrance, J, Lao, LL, Lee, KC, Levinton, FM, Luhmann, NC, Majeski, R, Marsala, R, Mastravito, D, Mau, TK, McCormack, B, Menon, MM, and Mitarai, O

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics
Abstract

A major research goal of the national spherical torus experiment is establishing long-pulse, high beta, high confinement operation and its physics basis. This research has been enabled by facility capabilities developed during 2001 and 2002, including neutral beam (up to 7 MW) and high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating (up to 6 MW), toroidal fields up to 6 kG, plasma currents up to 1.5 MA, flexible shape control, and wall preparation techniques. These capabilities have enabled the generation of plasmas with βT ≡ /(BT02/2μ0) of up to 35%. Normalized beta values often exceed the no-wall limit, and studies suggest that passive wall mode stabilization enables this for H mode plasmas with broad pressure profiles. The viability of long, high bootstrap current fraction operations has been established for ELMing H mode plasmas with toroidal beta values in excess of 15% and sustained for several current relaxation times. Improvements in wall conditioning and fuelling are likely contributing to a reduction in H mode power thresholds. Electron thermal conduction is the dominant thermal loss channel is auxiliary heated plasmas examined thus far. HHFW effectively heats electrons, and its acceleration of fast beam ions has been observed. Evidence for HHFW current drive is obtained by comparison of the loop voltage evolution in plasmas with matched density and temperature profiles but varying phases of launched HHFW waves. Studies of emissions from electron Bernstein waves indicate a density scale length dependence of their transmission across the upper hybrid resonance near the plasma edge that is consistent with theoretical predictions. A peak heat flux to the divertor targets of 10 MW m-2 has been measured in the H mode, with large asymmetries being observed in the power deposition between the inner and outer strike points. Non-inductive plasma startup studies have focused on coaxial helicity injection. With this technique, toroidal currents up to 400 kA have been driven, and studies to assess flux closure and coupling to other current drive techniques have begun.

Published
2003
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19. ICRF results in D-T plasmas in JET and TFTR and implications for ITER

Author

Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Amasov, V, Arshad, S, Andrew, P, Andrew, Y, Bailey, D, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Baronian, M, Bartlett, DV, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Bhatnagar, V, Bickley, AJ, Bindslev, H, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Bonicelli, T, Borba, D, Brandon, M, Breger, P, Brelen, H, Brennan, P, Brewerton, WJ, Browne, ML, Budd, T, Budny, R, Burt, A, Businaro, T, Buzio, M, Caldwell-Nicholls, C, Campling, D, Card, P, Challis, CD, Chankin, AV, Chiron, D, Christiansen, J, Chuilon, P, Ciric, D, Claesen, R, Clarke, HE, Clement, S, Coad, JP, Coffey, I, Conroy, S, Conway, G, Cooper, S, Cordey, JG, Corrigan, G, Cottrell, G, Cox, M, Cox, SJ, Cusack, R, Davies, N, Davies, SJ, Davis, JJ, de Benedetti, M, de Esch, H, de Haas, J, Deksnis, E, Deliyanakis, N, Dines, A, Dmitrenko, SL, Dobbing, J, Dolgetta, N, Dorling, SE, Doyle, PG, Duquenoy, H, Edwards, AM, Edwards, AW, Egedal, J, Ehrenberg, J, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Ellis, J, Endler, M, Erents, SK, Ericsson, G, Esposito, B, Eriksson, LG, Falter, H, Farthing, JW, Fichtmuller, M, Fishpool, G, Fullard, K, Gadeberg, M, Galbiati, L, Gibson, A, Gill, RD, Godden, D, Gondhalekar, A, Goodall, D, Gormezano, C, Gowers, C, Groth, M, Guenther, K, Guo, H, Haigh, A, Haist, B, Hancock, CJ, Harbour, PJ, Hawkes, NC, Hawkes, NP, Hemmerich, JL, Hender, T, Hoekzema, J, Horton, L, Howman, A, Huart, M, Hughes, TP, Hurd, F, Huysmans, G, Ingesson, C, Ingram, B, Irving, M, Jacquinot, J, Jaeckel, H, Jaeger, JF, Jarvis, ON, Johnson, M, Jones, EM, Jones, TTC, Junger, JF, Junique, F, Jupen, C, Kallne, J, Kaye, A, Keen, BE, Keilhacker, M, Kerner, W, Kidd, NG, Knipe, S, Konig, R, Korotkov, A, Krasilnikov, A, Krom, JG, Kupschus, P, Lasser, R, Last, JR, Lauro-Taroni, L, Lawson, K, Lennholm, M, Lingertat, J, Litaudon, X, Loarer, T, Lomas, PJ, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Maas, AC, Macklin, B, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, M, Marchese, V, Marcus, F, Mart, J, Martin, D, Matthews, G, McBryan, H, McCracken, G, McCullen, PA, Meigs, A, Middleton, R, Miele, P, Milani, F, Mills, J, Mohanti, R, Monk, R, Morgan, P, Murphy, G, Nave, F, Newbert, G, Nielsen, P, Noll, P, Obert, W, O'Brien, D, O'Mullane, M, Oord, E, Ostrom, R, Papastergiou, S, Parail, VV, Parkinson, R, Parsons, W, Patel, B, Paynter, A, Perevezentsev, A, Peacock, A, Pearce, RJH, Pick, MA, Plancoulaine, J, Pogutse, O, Prentice, R, Puppin, S, Radford, G, Reichle, R, Riccardo, V, Rimini, F, Rochard, F, Rolfe, A, Roquemore, AL, Ross, RT, Rossi, A, Sadler, G, Saibene, G, Santaguistina, A, Sartori, R, Saunders, R, Schild, P, Schmid, M, Schmidt, V, Schokker, B, Schunke, B, Scott, SM, Sharapov, S, Sibley, A, Simon, M, Simonini, R, Sips, ACC, Smeulders, P, Smith, P, Smith, R, Soldner, F, Spence, J, Springman, E, Stagg, R, Stamp, M, Stangeby, P, Start, DF, Stork, D, Stott, PE, Strachan, JD, Stubberfield, P, Summers, D, Svensson, L, Svensson, P, Tabasso, A, Tabellini, M, Tait, J, Tanga, A, Taroni, A, Terella, C, Thomas, PR, Thomsen, K, Traneus, E, Tubbing, B, Twyman, P, Vadgama, A, van Belle, P, Vlases, GC, von Hellermann, M, Wade, T, Walton, R, Ward, D, Watkins, ML, Watkins, N, Watson, MJ, Wheatley, M, Wilson, D, Winkel, T, Young, D, Young, ID, Yu, Q, Zastrow, KD, Zwingmann, W, McGuire, KM, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Beer, MA, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, HL, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, BN, Bretz, NL, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Callen, JD, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Cottell, GA, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Forest, CB, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Goloborod'ko, VY, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, M, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Hulse, RA, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, HW, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, LaMarche, P, LeBlanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, R, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, ME, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mika, R, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Senenov, IB, Senko, T, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stevenson, T, Stodiek, W, Strait, EJ, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Thompson, ME, Von Goeler, S, Von Halle, A, Walters, RT, Wang, S, White, RB, Wieland, RM, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Yavorski, V, Young, KM, Zakharov, LE, Zarnstorff, MC, Zweben, SJ, Team, JET, and Team, TFTR

22. Fast ion behaviour measured from CTS (poster)

Author

Stefan Kragh Nielsen, Bindslev, H., Egedal, J., Hoekzema, J. A., Søren Bang Korsholm, Meo, F., Poul Michelsen, Michelsen, S., Tsakadze, E. L., Westerhof, E., and Woskov, P.

23. High performance Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas for deuterium-tritium operation with the MkII divertor

Author

Jones, T. T. C., Adams, J. M., Ageladarakis, P., AliArshad, S., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andrew, P., Bainbridge, N., Bak, P., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Barth, K., Bartlett, D. V., Bell, A. C., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, A. J., Bindslev, H., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Bonicelli, T., Borba, D., Brandon, M., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brennan, P., Brewerton, W. J., Browne, M. L., Budd, T., Burt, A., Burton, P., Businaro, T., Buzio, M., CaldwellNichols, C., Campbell, D. J., Campling, D., Card, P., Celentano, G., Challis, C. D., Chankin, A. V., Cherubini, A., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Ciric, D., Claesen, R., Clarke, H. E., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Cocilovo, U., Coffey, I., Conway, G., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Corrigan, G., Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Crawley, P., Cusack, R., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., deBenedetti, M., deEsch, H., deHaas, J., Deksnis, E., Deliyanakis, N., diMarchi, E., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Doyle, P. G., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, A. W., Egedal, J., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Ellis, J., Endler, M., Erents, S. K., Eriksson, L. G., Falter, H., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fechner, B., Fichmuller, M., Fischer, B., Fishpool, G., Froger, C., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galbiati, L., Gauthier, E., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Godden, D., Gondhalekar, A., Goniche, M., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gowers, C., Graham, J., Guenther, K., Guirlet, R., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Haist, B., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Hemmerich, J. L., Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Horton, L., How, J., Howman, A., Huart, M., Hughes, T. P., Hurd, F., Huysmans, G., Hwang, A., Ibbott, C., Ingesson, C., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeckel, P., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, I. N., Jensen, F., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, Lpdf, Junger, J. F., Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, B. E., Keilhacker, M., Kerner, W., Kidd, N. G., King, Q. A., Knipe, S., Koenig, R., Krom, J. G., Kubo, H., Kupschus, P., Lamalle, P., Lasser, R., Last, J. R., LauroTaroni, L., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Loarte, A., Lomas, P. J., Loughlin, M., Lovegrove, T., Lowry, C., Maas, A. C., Macklin, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Martin, T., Mathews, G., McBryan, H., McCormick, G., McCracken, G., McCullen, P. A., Meigs, A., Miele, P., Milani, F., Mills, J., Mohanti, R., Monk, R., Morgan, P., Muir, D., Murphy, G., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., Obrien, D., Oord, E., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Papastergiou, S., Parail, V. V., Parkinson, R., Parsons, W., Patel, B., Paynter, A., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, R. J. H., Perry, C., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Pogutse, O., Porte, L., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Radford, G., Raimondi, T., Reichle, R., Riccardo, V., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Rolfe, A., Rookes, A., Ross, R. T., Rossi, A., Rossi, L., Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salisbury, M., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, V., Schokker, B., Schunke, B., Scibile, M., Scott, S. M., Sharapov, S., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Smith, O., Smith, P., Smith, R., Soldner, F., Spence, J., Springmann, E., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, D. F., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Svensson, L., Svensson, P., Tabasso, A., Tabellini, M., Tait, J., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Thomas, P. R., Thomsen, K., Tubbing, B., UlHaq, Y., Vadgama, A., vanBelle, P., vanderLinden, R., Vlases, G., vonHellermann, M., Wade, T., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Wesson, J., Wheatley, M., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Woodward, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yu, Q., Zannelli, F., Zastrow, K. D., Zhang, W., Zornig, N., and Zwingmann, W.

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Thermonuclear fusion, Deuterium, Neutron emission, Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, Divertor, Joint European Torus, Neutron, Plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Planned experiments in the Joint European Torus [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, Proceedings, 13th International Conference, Washington, D.C., 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 1, p. 27] (JET) with deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas require high fusion performance for alpha-particle heating studies and for investigation of isotope dependence in conditions relevant to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, A19 (1995)]. In deuterium plasmas, the highest neutron rates have been obtained in the hot-ion high-confinement mode (H mode) which is ultimately limited by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena when the pressure gradient approaches ideal ballooning and kink stability limits in the vicinity of the edge transport barrier. Results are reported confirming the MkII divertor's increased closure and pumping in this regime, progress in understanding the MHD-related termination is discussed, and the use of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in combination with high-power neutral beams to increase the neutron yield is described. In separate experiments internal transport barriers have been established through careful programming of the current ramp and heating waveforms, and neutron emission comparable with the best hot-ion II-modes achieved. Steady-state II-mode discharges exhibiting edge localized modes (ELMs) in reactor-like configurations and conditions have been demonstrated, including cases in which relevant dimensionless parameter values are preserved, ready also for testing in D-T. (C) 1997 American institute of Physics.

25. Fast ion CTS for ITER

Author

Henrik Bindslev, Meo, F., Søren Bang Korsholm, Woskov, P., and Egedal, J.

32. Latest JET results in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas

Author

Adams, J. M., Ageladarakis, P., Arshad, S. A., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andrew, P., Bailey, D., Bainbridge, N., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Bartlett, D. V., Bell, A. C., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, A. J., Bindslev, H., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Bonicelli, T., Borba, D., Brandon, M., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brennan, P., Brewerton, W. J., Browne, M. L., Budd, T., Burt, A., Businaro, T., Buzio, M., Caldwell-Nichols, C., Campling, D., Card, P., Challis, C. D., Chankin, A. V., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Ciric, D., Claesen, R., Clarke, H. E., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Coffey, I., Conroy, S., Conway, G., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Corrigan, G., Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Cox, S. J., Cusack, R., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., de Benedetti, M., de Esch, H., de Haas, J., Deksnis, E., Deliyanakis, N., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Dorr, J., Doyle, P. G., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, A. W., Egedal, J., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Ellis, J., Endler, M., Erents, S. K., Ericsson, S., Esposito, B., Eriksson, L. G., Falter, H., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fichtmuller, M., Fischer, B., Fishpool, G., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galbiati, L., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Godden, D., Gondhalekar, A., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gowers, C., Guenther, K., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Haist, B., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Hemmerich, J. L., Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Horton, L., How, J., Howman, A., Huart, M., Hughes, T. P., Hurd, F., Huysmans, G., Ingesson, C., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, O. N., Jensen, F., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, T. T. C., Junger, J. F., Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, B. E., Keilhacker, M., Kerner, W., Kidd, N. G., Knipe, S., Konig, R., Krom, J. G., Kupschus, P., Lasser, R., Last, J. R., Lauro-Taroni, L., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Lomas, P. J., Loughlin, M., Lovegrove, T., Lowry, C., Maas, A. C., Macklin, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Matthews, G., McBryan, H., McCracken, G., McCullen, P. A., Meigs, A., Middleton, R., Miele, P., Milani, F., Mills, J., Mohanti, R., Monk, R., Morgan, P., Murphy, G., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., O'Brien, D., Oord, E., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Papastergiou, S., Parail, V. V., Parkinson, R., Parsons, W., Patel, B., Paynter, A., Perevezentsev, A., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, R. J. H., Perry, C., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Pogutse, O., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Radford, G., Reichle, R., Riccardo, V., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Rolfe, A., Roquemore, L., Ross, R. T., Rossi, A., Rossi, L., Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salisbury, M., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, F., Saunders, R., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, V., Schokker, B., Schunke, B., Scibile, L., Scott, S. M., Sharapov, S., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Smith, P., Smith, R., Soldner, F., Spence, J., Springmann, E., Stagg, R., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, D. F., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Strachen, P., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Svensson, L., Svensson, P., Tabasso, A., Tabellini, M., Tait, J., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Thomas, P. R., Thomsen, K., Traneus, E., Tubbing, B., Twyman, P., Ul'Haq, Y., Vadgama, A., van Belle, P., van der Linden, R., Vlases, G. C., von Hellermann, M., Wade, T., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Wheatley, M., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yu, Q., Zastrow, K. D., Zhang, W., Zornig, N., and Zwingmann, W.

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, ITER
Abstract

All major JET systems have been fully commissioned for D-T and the DTE1 series of experiments has started with the D-T fuel mixture and operating conditions foreseen for ITER. In the area of ITER physics, significant results have been produced in both D-D and D-T. In D-D, the LH threshold power database has been extended, the bounds on edge-electron temperature and density in ELMy H-modes have been defined and the advantages of Types I and III ELMy discharges have been compared. In D-T plasmas, the isotope effect on H-mode threshold power and transport has been determined so that a more accurate assessment can be made of the ignition margin and heating requirements for ITER. Trace tritium experiments have provided first particle transport measurements and an assessment of the ITER reference ion-cyclotron resonance-frequency heating scenarios has been started, In the area of fusion performance, record D-D neutron yields have been obtained by controlling the plasma and current profiles in hot ion ELM-free H-modes and optimized shear modes. In D-T, internal transport barriers have been readily established in optimized shear discharges and Alfven eigenmodes have been observed.

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