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With the economic globalization, the relationship among all countries has become more and more closed (this phenomenon is often called “global village”). The wealth also flows more freely than that of before in the world. Due to this, there is a better improvement in our everyday life. But it also raises many livelihood issues such as the wealth gap. At present, the wealth gap problem has become one of the biggest serious problems in each country, especially, in the developing countries. Because of this, quantities of scholars and economists spare no effects to explore the dynamic relationship between wealth gap and economic growth. In this, this paper sets China who is the biggest developing country in the world with bigger wealth gap as an example. The annual time series data from 1980 to 2016 is applied to analyze the dynamic operating mechanism between wealth gap and economic growth in China. All datum are sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Using the vector error correction model to conduct an empirical analysis, the dynamic operating mechanism between them will be fully understood. Then, the results of this empirical study will provide some ideas as reference for China’s government to settle the wealth gap.

Being the world's largest developing country and having a vast rural population and large swaths of rural areas, China has experienced complex historical periods. However, few studies provide general summaries of spatial evolution of rural settlements, particularly the evolutionary contexts of complex historical processes. Considering that China's society, economy, and spaces in urban and rural areas have entered a phase of rapid restructuring in response to economic globalisation and the new urbanisation in recent years, exploring and summarising the general evolutionary path of the spatial structure of rural settlements over a long period of time constitute a particularly important research objective. This study examined Sunan region, an ideal representative epitomising the modern history of China, as a case area, results found that the evolutionary process of spatial structure of rural settlements could be categorised as discrete and isomorphic, centripetal and hierarchical, branching and dual, and diversified network system follow the historical periodisation. Rural spatial structure has experienced three moments of transformation under the trend of urban-rural mutual interaction, thus mechanism is driven by internal and external forces under economic and social change over different periods, evidently in contemporary era. Although rural settlements have manifested diversified developmental patterns in China, theories and methods that are applicable to domestic situations are still urgently needed to summarise the evolutionary mechanism and to provide vital channels for the national strategy of rural revitalisation in the process of urban-rural integrated development.

How does economic globalisation influence individuals’ welfare state preferences? Moving beyond the unidimensional understanding of globalisation exposure, we intersect two dimensions of exposure perceptions (gain vs loss and individual vs societal impacts) and propose a novel typology: collective winner, lone winner, lone loser and collective loser. We then explain the preference gap among losers (collective losers vis-à-vis lone losers) and among winners (collective winners vis-à-vis lone winners) by considering three distinct motivations for welfare state support: compensation, risk-pooling and inequality reduction. We illustrate the usefulness of our typology using an original survey in South Korea. We find that lone winners are far more supportive of welfare spending than collective winners. At the same time, collective losers are found to be much more supportive of welfare spending than lone losers. We provide some first-cut evidence that the insurance-seeking motivation common to lone winners and collective losers drive their welfare state support.

The current research on regional collaboration lacks the research perspective of global production network, which makes it difficult for the research on the collaboration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to recognize the differences in the development of strategic coupling modes of various cities in the Greater Bay Area, and to clarify the differences in the status and division of labor of these cities in the global production network. These differences are the key to the coordinated development of the Greater Bay Area. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework of the global production network, this study uses the variable of strategic coupling to analyze the development of the strategic coupling mode of the cities in the Greater Bay Area and the differences in their status and division of labor in the global production network, so as to further understand the coordinated development of the Greater Bay Area. There are three main findings in this study. First, the strategic coupling mode and evolution process of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao are essentially different, belonging to different global production networks. Hong Kong has experienced two processes of dependency coupling to decoupling in the development of local manufacturing and the later "having stores in front and factories behind" mode, forming a mutually beneficial coupling mode in the financial industry. Macao has experienced two processes from dependency coupling to decoupling in the manufacturing industry, forming an absorption coupling mode in the gambling industry. Second, there are also significant differences in the strategic coupling modes of cities in the Pearl River Delta. Each city is embedded into different global production networks through different leading industries. Third, under the influence of the strategic coupling differences of the above two scales, the regional economy of the Greater Bay Area does not gradually move toward coordinated development, but presents the characteristics of less connection-collaboration-collaborative difficulties. The core argument of this paper is that the differences of strategic coupling mode lead to the embedding of cities into global production networks with significant differences in economic cycles, production systems and technological structures, making it difficult to achieve the overall regional collaboration. And the contribution of this study is that with the help of the global production network theory, it provides a new interpretation perspective for regional collaboration research, reveals the difficulties of regional collaboration in the Greater Bay Area, enriches the study of the long-term dynamic evolution of relational economic geography, and provides some suggestions for the formulation of collaborative policy.

An increasing number of studies are examining the relationship between entrepreneurship and growth. This relationship is controversial, especially for developing countries. Recent improvements in economic growth have led to a focus on growth inclusiveness, which spreads economic opportunities throughout a society. However, studies that focus on the role of entrepreneurship in inclusive growth remain scarce. To fill that gap, this study investigates the dynamic relationship between economic globalization, entrepreneurship, and inclusive growth in 21 African countries using panel econometrics to examine data covering 2006 to 2018. The results reveal that the impact of economic globalization and entrepreneurship on inclusive growth is positive and significant. We find that economic globalization enhances entrepreneurial development, and causality tests show that economic globalization drives inclusive growth. We also find a unidirectional causality from entrepreneurship to inclusive growth. Finally, we observe no direction of causality between economic globalization and entrepreneurship but observe a bidirectional causality between governance and entrepreneurship. We discuss the implications of these results.

This study evaluates the relevancy of economic globalization, financial development, and clean energy, in strengthening the environmental sustainability of the next 11 economies over a time period pertaining to 1995–2018. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the advanced panel estimation techniques of unit root testing, and the cointegration analysis have been applied due to the presence of the cross-sectional-dependence and heterogeneity of the slope parameters in the panel data. The long-run output coefficients have been estimated through the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (CS-ARDL). Moreover, the causality test for a heterogeneous panel has also been employed in order to determine the causal relationships among the variables that are under study. Our empirical findings of these tests indicate that financial development and economic globalization tend to contribute to the deterioration of environmental quality, but clean energy is productive for its improvement. The bi-directional causal relationship is recognized to exist between CO2 emission and all the variables. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting economic growth policies that are aligned with the defined environmental regulations, thus promoting the use of more clean energy resources. These include resources such as renewable energy and incorporating the environmental welfare goals into financial development plans in N11 economies.

With the development of world economic globalization, market competition is tremendously increasing. Through recent science and technology, we can conduct a comprehensive exploration and reasonable management of the company’s operation, capital investment and finance. With the rapid development of computer technology, the realization of many accounting models and methods which used to be very complicated has become simple and easy. If enterprises still adopt traditional financial decision-making methods, it will be difficult to enhance their competitiveness. The most important thing in the financial industry is to serve customers and provide them with more accurate and reliable services. The application of artificial intelligence technology in the financial industry will surely drive its intelligence upgrade and efficiency improvement. The research on the application value and strategy of artificial intelligence technology in the financial field is helpful to promote the further development of the financial industry. Based on the characteristics of financial decision-making in the development of new technology, this paper analyzes that traditional financial decision-making support cannot meet the needs of intelligent development of enterprises and proposes that the application of artificial intelligence will improve the accuracy, automation and timeliness of financial decision-making.

This paper investigates the role of policy uncertainty on indices of economic globalization from 1996 to 2016 in the panel dataset of 142 countries. For this purpose, we use the nine measures of th...

The globalization of the economy creates new opportunities for the formation of global food supply chains as a new type of infrastructure, which requires improved antitrust regulation of global food markets. The purpose of this work is to identify trends in the system of antimonopoly regulation of the food market in the context of globalization based on the systematization of the most important research results of foreign and domestic authors and the practice of competition authorities. The work uses the methods of a systematic approach, logical-structural analysis. The study is based on the provisions and conclusions of modern theories of the foundations of competition, competitive advantage. Information and analytical materials of the Federal Antimonopoly Service play an important role in the work. Results. The content of changes in the contours of global food supply chains is revealed, which manifests itself in the complication of the chain around leading large retailers; active education in the chain of new technology companies; improving chain management processes, leading to lower costs. The analysis of theoretical views on antitrust regulation of global food supply chains is carried out, which makes it possible to identify a number of fundamental provisions on which the activities of competition authorities should be based - to stimulate the competitive behavior of participants in the chain. An assessment of the practice of antimonopoly regulation of global food supply chains in a number of countries is given, focusing on a detailed analysis of all links of the chain, identifying constraints on the development of competition in the segments of the chain. The dynamics of the main indicators of the activities of FAS Russia in the food market is presented, indicating an increase in the identified violations in this economy. Attention is focused on new mechanisms for ensuring competition through the technological transfer of innovative material to Russian companies to enhance their competitiveness. Scientific novelty. The trends and features of the development of global food supply chains are identified based on the identification of specific factors in the context of globalization. Some principles of state antimonopoly control of global food supply chains have been formed, which makes it possible to improve the practice of their regulation.

This study examines the impact of economic globalization on the patterns of energy consumption for 24 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies from 1995 to 2015. We employ Westerlund cointegration, which shows a long-run association between economic globalization and energy consumption patterns. Furthermore, cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag models (CS-ARDL) results explain the short-run and long-run relationship between the series. The results further explain that economic globalization reduces oil and coal consumption while accelerating gas consumption in OECD economies. We additionally employ the Eberhardt augmented mean group test to verify consistency with CS-ARDL results. The empirical evidence of this study suggests that OECD economies’ policymakers should prioritize economic globalization in framing policies related to energy consumption. Furthermore, allocating funds for better technology related to high polluting fuels should be one of the crucial considerations arising from this study. Finally, we recommend economic globalization as an important indicator to address the issues related to OECD economics’ environmental and ecological footprints.

International trade regulation is viewed as a key function of managing the flow of goods and services in international exchange. The study analyses the primary challenges in the development and regulation of global trade and establishes the avenues for counteracting structural distortions and imbalances in international exchange. The methodological framework of the research includes the concept of foreign economic activity management and international trade theory. Analysis, synthesis, as well as historical and logical methods were used. The empirical base covers data from world trade statistics in the context of bilateral trade flows between key countries participating in international exchange. The authors propose their own methodology which is based on a descriptive assessment of atypical changes in international trade and stress factors in its development under the influence of the crisis, and takes into account the reliability of participants in international exchange. We prove that economic globalization has a decisive effect on the formation of imbalances and risks of a rise in protectionism in cross border trade. As shown in the research, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a special influence on export-oriented countries and global supply chains, which makes the impact of the current crisis on international exchange unprecedentedly inclusive. The current rapid recovery of global trade does not imply it being sustainable in the medium and long term, since foreign trade regulation in the key countries remains uncertain and strained. The progress of world trade multilateral regulation was virtually destroyed, as evidenced by the resumption of the discriminatory measures practice between countries. Strategies for managing the crossborder movement of goods will depend on the depth and effectiveness of mega-regional trade agreements, as well as on the rebalancing of trade between the leading players – the United States and China.

Мировая экономическая интеграция стала непреодолимой тенденцией развития. Как крупнейшая развивающаяся страна мира, Российская Федерация является одним из основных мест концентрации капитала. Экономическая глобализация оказывает глубокое влияние на развитие отечественных предприятий. Чтобы лучше использовать возможности развития, открываемые экономической глобализацией, необходимо, чтобы отечественные предприятия проводили реформы и инновации в различных аспектах для повышения своей конкурентоспособности на внутреннем и международном рынках., Global economic integration has become an irresistible trend of development. As the largest developing country in the world, the Russian Federation is one of the main places of concentration of capital. Economic globalization has a profound impact on the development of domestic enterprises. In order to make better use of the development opportunities offered by economic globalization, it is necessary for domestic enterprises to carry out reforms and innovations in various aspects to increase their competitiveness in domestic and international markets., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 4 (153) 2023, Pages 1252-1255

We examine the determinants of wealth inequality using new dataset consisting of a rich set of explanatory variables including rule of law, as well as different measures of globalization. We use the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach to account for model uncertainty. The BMA methodology allows to thoroughly compare a large number of potential determinants. Due to large differences in wealth inequality across different countries, the variables included reflect countries' various aspects, namely economic, geographical, regulatory, institutional, finance, globalization, political and demographic factors. Examining 39 potential determinants, we find five robustly related variables. Among them there are three financial development indicators, GDP growth and one geographical dummy for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. On the other hand, some of the measures of globalization are correlated with wealth inequality; however, they are not its determinants. JEL Classification C33, E21, G51 Keywords wealth inequality, globalization, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) Title Globalization, Rule of Law and Wealth Inequality

Economic globalization put the tax rules, then established, under great pressure in the face of the tangle of operations of transnational corporations and the political power of these corporations, in an environment where freedom in the movement of capital, goods, services and workers is increasing. Digitization, in its essence, signals an evolution in globalization that takes it beyond the process by which national economies integrated across borders to another, in which they became integrated without borders. As a result of the combination of information and communication technologies, it has been responsible for productivity gains in society, while imposing challenges, especially in the tax sphere. To carry out the study, bibliographic review and hypothetical-deductive methods were used. As a result, this article exposes how increasing globalization and the increasingly tight integration of the economy, the 2008 global financial crisis and its aftermath reflect the need for national governments to raise more revenue from more sources to meet demands. growing over the nation-state. In this context, it is noteworthy that digitalization characterizes some of the forces that are at work and has exacerbated some of the others, but it can, however, help to discover answers to the most fundamental questions and challenges that tax policy and legislation have already faced. La globalización económica sometió a gran presión a las reglas tributarias entonces establecidas ante la maraña de operaciones de las empresas transnacionales y el poder político de estas empresas, en un ambiente donde la libertad de movimiento de capitales, bienes, servicios y trabajadores es cada vez mayor. . . La digitalización, en su esencia, señala una evolución en la globalización que la lleva más allá del proceso por el cual las economías nacionales se integraron a través de las fronteras a otra, en el que se integraron sin fronteras. Como resultado de la combinación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, ha sido responsable de ganancias de productividad en la sociedad, al tiempo que impone desafíos, especialmente en el ámbito tributario. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica y métodos hipotético-deductivos. Como resultado, este artículo expone cómo la creciente globalización y la integración cada vez más estrecha de la economía, la crisis financiera mundial de 2008 y sus consecuencias reflejan la necesidad de que los gobiernos nacionales recauden más ingresos de más fuentes para satisfacer las demandas. . En este contexto, cabe señalar que la digitalización caracteriza algunas de las fuerzas que están en juego y ha exacerbado algunas de las otras, pero puede, sin embargo, ayudar a descubrir respuestas a las preguntas y desafíos más fundamentales que la política y la legislación tributaria ya han planteado. enfrentado. A globalização econômica colocou as regras tributárias, então estabelecidas, sob grande pressão diante do emaranhado de operações das corporações transnacionais e do poder político dessas corporações, num ambiente em que a liberdade na circulação de capitais, bens, prestações de serviços e de trabalhadores é crescente. A digitalização, em sua essência, sinaliza uma evolução na globalização que a leva além do processo pelo qual as economias nacionais se integraram além das fronteiras para outro, no qual se integraram sem fronteiras. Como resultando da combinação das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação tem sido responsável por ganhos de produtividade na sociedade, ao tempo em que que impõe desafios, sobretudo na esfera tributária. Para realizar o estudo foram utilizados os métodos de revisão bibliográfica e o hipotético-dedutivo. Como resultado, o presente artigo expõe de que forma a globalização cada vez maior e a integração cada vez mais estreita da economia, a crise financeira global de 2008 e suas consequências refletem a necessidade de os governos nacionais levantarem mais receita de mais fontes para atender demandas crescentes sobre o estado-nação. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se que a digitalização caracteriza algumas das forças que estão em ação e exacerbou algumas das outras, podendo, todavia, ajudar a descobrir respostas para as questões e desafios mais fundamentais que a política tributária e a legislação já enfrentaram.

South Africa, like most developing nations, is confronted with choosing between the need to advance their economy and the need to protect the environment. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs-7, 11, 12 & 13) provide a strong foundation for this investigation. To this end, the current research investigates the combined impacts of economic policy uncertainty, fiscal decentralization, and green innovation on environmental sustainability for the instance of South Africa with yearly frequency data from 1960 to 2020. The current research leverages on dynamic ordinary least squares, fully modified ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegration regression. The Maki cointegration test shows how the variables being evaluated have an equilibrium connection across the time period under review. Empirical findings support the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. These findings imply that, in the first stages of economic expansion, ecological environment is being sacrificed for economic progress (scale stage). Based on the EKC hypothesis, long-term quadratic economic growth reduces emissions by 0.162% whereas a 1% rise in economic growth increases emissions by 0.791%. Similar to this, long-term economic globalization and economic policy uncertainty impair ecological sustainability, whereas long-term fiscal decentralization and green innovation raise it in South Africa. These results have broad environmental repercussions. The present investigation supported environmental stick measures and investment in initiatives on a fundamental change from fossil-fuel energy consumption base to renewables. The final portion highlights further insights. Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-06-21 (hanlid)

© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.The energy sector of Argentina is predominantly reliant on fossil fuels. Consequently, such fossil fuel dependency within the nation’s power sector, in particular, has aggravated the environmental quality in Argentina by amplifying the nation’s energy production-based carbon emission levels. However, keeping into consideration the international commitments pledged by Argentina under the Paris Accord and the Sustainable Development Goals agenda, it is pertinent for this South American country to curb its energy production-based emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Against this milieu, this study examines the impacts of renewable electricity generation, economic globalization, economic growth, and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions generated from the production of electricity and heat in the context of Argentina. Using annual frequency data from 1971 to 2016, recent econometric methods are applied to control for multiple structural breaks in the data. The major findings from the ecnometric analyses affirmed long-run associations between renewable electricity generation, economic globalization, economic growth, urbanization, and energy production-based carbon dioxide emissions in Argentina. Besides, enhancing renewable electricity output shares is found to curb these emissions while economic globalization and urbanization are witnessed to boost them. Moreover, renewable electricity generation and economic globalization are found to jointly reduce the energy production-related carbon dioxide emissions in Argentina. The results also validate the authenticity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Finally, the causality analysis reveals evidence of unidirectional causalities running from renewable electricity generation, economic globalization, economic growth, and urbanization to energy production-related carbon dioxide emissions in Argentina. In line with these findings, this study recommends several viable policies which can be implemented to help Argentina control the growth of its energy production-based carbon dioxide emissions.

Recent developments which were coined to the opening up of borders have attracted interest of many researchers from many disciplines. A lot of work can be observed regarding the role of globalization / internationalization on economic growth and social development, this study specifically explores the implications of globalization on the ultimate goal that is life longevity. Adapting from the Kuznets curve, this study proposed a quadratic function of economic globalization and life longevity. The results using panel the ARDL model for the SAARC region, it can be seen that expansion of trade globalization de jure and management of financial globalization de facto and de jure may help them to increase longevity in the long run.

Currently, manufacturing enterprises face increasingly fierce market competition due to the various demands of customers and the rapid development of economic globalization. Hence, they have to extend their production mode into distributed environments and establish multiple factories in various geographical locations. Nowadays, distributed manufacturing systems have been widely adopted in industrial production processes. In recent years, many studies have been done on the modeling and optimization of distributed scheduling problems. This work provides a literature review on distributed scheduling problems in intelligent manufacturing systems. By summarizing and evaluating existing studies on distributed scheduling problems, we analyze the achievements and current research status in this field and discuss ongoing studies. Insights regarding prior works are discussed to uncover future research directions, particularly swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms, which are used for managing distributed scheduling problems in manufacturing systems. This work focuses on journal papers discovered using Google Scholar. After reviewing the papers, in this work, we discuss the research trends of distributed scheduling problems and point out some directions for future studies.

Foreign direct investments (FDI), which are very important in the economic development of countries, prefer regions with free trade. Since the share of international trade in the world economy is constantly increasing, trade openness and foreign direct investments have become more important for countries. However, the increase in trade and FDI entries can have negative effects on the environment. Although many different variables are included in the literature as determinants of carbon emission, foreign direct investments are mostly taken as an explanatory variable with the effect of the economic globalization process. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between FDI, trade openness and CO2 emission for the 1995-2019 period in 24 EU countries. The relationship between variables was estimated by applying panel AMG estimator and Emirmahmutoglu and Kose causality tests to series with cross-sectional dependency. Empirical results for the overall panel show that there is unidirectional causality from carbon emission to trade openness and FDI. There is a directional causality from FDI to trade openness for the general panel has been determined. When analyzed on a country basis, there is unidirectional causality from carbon emission to trade openness for Bulgaria, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia. Likewise, for Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland, there is unidirectional causality from carbon emission to FDI. In addition, when analyzed on a country basis, there is a one-way causality relationship from foreign direct investments to trade openness for Bulgaria, Italia, Latvia, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia. For Bulgaria, Finland and Germany, there is a one-way causality from trade openness to foreign direct investment. The importance of this study derives from the emphasis on the need for environmentally protective FDIs to reduce carbon emissions.

The high pace of economic growth has posed many challenges. These challenges include depletion of natural resources, globalization challenges, and environmental degradation. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies are rich in mineral resources. Economic globalization has put the MENA countries in the spotlight for the developed world. Despite the status of being a hotspot for mineral resource richness, there is limited research on the effect of natural resources and economic globalization on the environmental degradation of the MENA countries. This paper examines the effects of natural resource abundance and economic globalization on environmental quality by considering trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth from the year 1980 to 2018. We apply second‐generation panel cointegration techniques along with continuously updated fully modified (Cup‐FM) and continuously updated bias‐corrected (Cup‐BC) techniques. The findings show that natural resource abundance significantly improves environmental quality. Likewise, economic globalization also mitigates emissions levels in the MENA countries. In contrast, trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth significantly deteriorate environmental quality. The unidirectional link indicates natural resources and economic globalization create trade openness. The paper provides novel empirical evidence and policy recommendations for sustainable development goals.

With the deepening of economic globalisation and the rapid development of the Internet, open innovation has become the main innovation paradigm for enterprises to win a competition. There are three...

Sustainable development policies for achieving net-zero emissions require understanding the factors that influence carbon emissions. Capitalizing on the limitations of the existing literature, this study applies the quantile-on-quantile approach to investigate economic globalization’s impact on carbon emissions in Australia for 1970–2018. The results from the quantile-on-quantile revealed a positive feedback linkage between globalization and carbon emissions at all quantiles. The results further indicated that while there is a positive feedback linkage between economic growth and carbon emissions at most quantiles, a positive feedback interconnection exists between carbon emissions and coal consumption at all quantiles. As a robustness check, we employed the quantile regression test, and the results from quantile regression are consistent with the findings from the quantile-on-quantile approach. The consistency of the results suggests that these study findings are reliable and suitable for informing policies that seek to address carbon emissions in Australia. The policy implications for Australia are discussed.

There have been many popular fiction novels in the literature world that raise how women enter the economic aspect. One of them is the novel Opening Belle written by Maureen Sherry and published in 2016. Opening Belle represents women’s participation in the financial sector because they want a good life. This research is studied with the feminist political economy theory proposed by Jacqui True. In her book, The Political Economy of Violence against Women, True explains that economic globalization has changed women’s lives becoming financially independent. However, on the other hand, women involved in the public sphere are underappreciated and receive sexual harassment or violence, making it difficult for women to participate in the economic aspect. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. With this method, the writer takes parts of the novel in the form of words, sentences, paragraphs which explain the economic aspect and women’s participation in it. This research is analyzed through the explanations and utterances of the characters. The results of this study are: first, the participation of women as breadwinners in this novel is started as part of her life experiences and is driven by the hardships of her family; second, women are highly motivated figures so that they implement several strategies to survive in their office, namely by proving their competence, joining the GCC women’s community and voicing equal rights in the workplace. In conclusions, economic globalization opens up women’s opportunity to become the sole breadwinner in the family.

Currently, one of the most concise expressions of the phenomenon of economic globalization is the extent of the organization of production on a global or regional basis and the integration on new criteria, of a functional nature, of the activities within it. A decisive role in the organization of production processes abroad is played by multinational companies, which, in order to achieve their objectives, most “export” not only know-how, but also management methods and techniques, applicable in the countries of origin. In this article, the authors aim to identify and highlight the main arguments that support the glocalization as an objective necessity and, at the same time, a viable solution to achieving a successful management of the multinational companies, to ensure a win-win relationship between them and the communities and the local markets in which they operate, in the context of economic globalization.

Economic globalization never proceeded in a smooth steady trajectory. The current international economy, organized around liberal principles, faces potential problems unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two popular theoretical approaches offer varying reasons for the survivability of the contemporary order. One stresses the benefits associated with participating in liberal international orders, claiming such arrangements are essentially self-sustaining. The rival view emphasizes the uneven distribution of gains, emphasizing the role of leadership, especially for dampening crises. To examine the support for each argument, I examine the evolution of international monetary arrangements. International monetary orders lie at the heart of liberal international economies; no prior liberal monetary order has proven self-sustaining. Liberal international monetary sub-orders depend upon leadership as much as cooperation for their survival—leaders exert efforts to shape followers' actions so long as the leader draws sufficient benefits to make such efforts worthwhile. The economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provides the latest illustration of this point, though these arguments also suggest experiences across issue-areas will vary.

Why has voter turnout declined in democracies all over the world? This article draws on findings from microlevel studies and theorizes two explanations: generational change and a rise in the number of elective institutions. The empirical section tests these hypotheses along with other explanations proposed in the literature—shifts in party/candidate competition, voting-age reform, weakening group mobilization, income inequality, and economic globalization. The authors conduct two analyses. The first analysis employs an original data set covering all post-1945 democratic national elections. The second studies individual-level data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and British, Canadian, and US national election studies. The results strongly support the generational change and elective institutions hypotheses, which account for most of the decline in voter turnout. These findings have important implications for a better understanding of the current transformations of representative democracy and the challenges it faces.

After the Paris Climate Conference (COP21), countries worldwide are making progress toward carbon neutrality targets. However, despite flourishing economically, emerging countries fail to ensure environmental sustainability. Hence, it is crucial for these countries to identify the macroeconomic factor that could address the ecological concerns. Therefore, this paper examines the linkage between environmental innovations, energy productivity, economic globalization, and economic growth on environmental degradation in emerging countries. Based on the data from 1990 to 2017, the study applies the advanced panel data estimation tool cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) for the long-run and short-run empirical estimation that allows cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity in slope parameters. The empirical results unveil that environmental innovations and energy productivity significantly improve environmental quality by reducing the ecological footprint. Moreover, the results unfold that economic globalization worsens the environmental quality by exacerbating the ecological footprint, while an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth confirms the validity of the environment Kuznets curve in emerging countries. Results suggest that the government should develop such strategies that encourage environmental innovations and energy productivity to balance the speed of economic globalization and economic growth.

Some decades ago, Algeria began a transformation from a planned economy to a market economy, for which English became a requirement. The Algerian government believes that promoting English language learning is an attempt to become competitive globally. This emphasis on English resulted in various curricular reforms, influenced by the economic globalization, as the nation attempted to shape its educational systems to provide the skills for a growing global economy. Through this contribution, we believe that contributors have to rethink the role of English in education, employment, social status, and financial development. Moreover, in pedagogy, it is better to shift from ESP to teaching TEGCOM (Teaching English for Globalized Communication), allowing interaction between global forces in specific socio-cultural contexts. Therefore, in working together, the Algerian contributors can prove their English ownership and exercise their agency in their different market creative practices.

This paper examines the policy approaches and measures that developed market economies countries have adopted to “manage” what has become known as the Dahrendorf Quandary, a profound challenge facing globalizing economies: over time, staying economically competitive requires either adopting measures detrimental to the cohesion of society or restricting civil liberties and political participation. Examining a range of countries over time, it is found that their policy choices and subsequent performance are too varied to support the inevitable, almost mechanical, incompatibility the Quandary implies. While balancing the relationship between economic globalization, social cohesion, and democracy continues to be a major challenge for developed market economies, results show they are not helpless in what Dahrendorf feared to be a Herculean task of “squaring the circle” among incompatible trends. In other words, while the tensions the Quandary posits apply, they nonetheless need not lead to similar or negative outcomes.

This research paper studies trends and hotspots of management internationalization in the sphere of higher education. The survey is based on CiteSpace visualization technology and on the corpus approach to studying keywords and annotations for 2010–2021 publications in 25 major higher education journals. Keywords analysis by CiteSpace showed that the hotspots of the management internationalization research are focused on postgraduate education management, on the projects «Double First Class University Plan», «Greater Bay Area», «Cooperation in Running Schools», etc. The future possible areas of investigation are the «local internationalization» of university management, the internationa lization of management in terms of international-level specialties and first-class universities’ nationalization, as well as the contradiction of the «spillover effect» between university management and cross-university cooperation. The corpus-based analysis showed that over the past 12 years the studies of internationalization of higher education and its mana gement have been carried out within the large-scale project «One Belt – One Road» and economic globalization. These studies include the modules of universities’ development, university education, academic research, school management strategy, etc. To effectively address the challenges faced by higher education internationalization management, the aut hors propose to take advantage of consistent teaching quality and to leverage regional and local resources, so as to create a multidimensional platform that would interconnect talents and ways to use them. Of no less importance, when summarizing such experience, is it to take into account the historical background, so that this platform, certainly engaging state policy, would allow a reform of higher education globalization for its further development.

Environmental pollution and its causes have been examined from many different perspectives in recent years. In the field of economics, theoretical and empirical studies have been carried out on this subject and the factors causing environmental pollution have been tried to be revealed. However, when the results obtained from the studies are examined, it is understood that there is no consensus among the researchers. In this study, which we have done in order to contribute to the ongoing discussions in order to ensure economic growth by protecting the environment, the effect of economic growth and economic globalization on CO2 emissions is examined. The study was conducted for the period between 1995 and 2014 in a sample of 14 countries accepted as transition countries according to the classification made by the IMF. The results obtained in the analyzes made with the FMOLS method in the study show that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is valid during the study period. In other findings, it has been obtained that the effect of energy consumption and economic globalization on CO2 emissions is positive.. In the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test results, it is determined that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from energy consumption to CO2 emissions, and a bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and economic globalization and CO2 emissions. In this respect, it is beneficial to consider environmental degradation and to support the import of environmentally friendly technologies while applying economic globalization policies to adapt to the free market economy. In addition, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources should be encouraged., Çevresel kirliliği ve nedenleri son yıllarda çok farklı açılardan incelenmektedir. İktisat alanında da bu konuda teorik ve ampirik çalışmalar yapılmış ve çevre kirliliğine neden olan faktörler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde araştırmacılar arasında fikir birliği oluşmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Çevrenin korunarak ekonomik büyümenin sağlanabilmesi için devam eden tartışmalara katkı sunabilmek üzere yaptığımız bu çalışmada ekonomik büyüme ve ekonomik küreselleşmenin CO2 emisyonları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışma IMF tarafından yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre geçiş ülkesi olarak kabul edilen 14 ülke örnekleminde 1995 – 2014 yılları arasındaki dönem için yapılmıştır. Çalışmada FMOLS yöntemiyle yapılan analizlerde elde edilen sonuçlar çalışma döneminde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen diğer bulgularda ise enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik küreselleşmenin CO2 emisyonu üzerindeki etkisinin pozitif olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testi sonuçlarında ise enerji tüketiminden CO2 emisyonlarına doğru tek yönlü, ekonomik büyüme ve ekonomik küreselleşme ile CO2 emisyonları arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda serbest piyasa ekonomisine adapte olmak üzere ekonomik küreselleşme politikaları uygulanırken çevresel bozulmanın göz önünde bulundurulması, çevre dostu teknolojilerin ithalatının desteklenmesi yararlı görülmektedir. Ayrıca enerji verimliliği ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması teşvik edilmelidir.

In this study, the relationship between high technology exports and income, economic globalization and cultural globalization in developed countries is analyzed for the period 1996-2018. In order to analyze this relationship, in the first part of the analysis, developed countries were divided into groups using high technology export data using the club convergence method. In the second part of the analysis, cross-section dependency, slope homogeneity, stationarity, cointegration and long-term coefficient estimator tests are included for the three different clubs obtained. The clubs obtained in the first part of the analysis consist of the following countries: Club 1 (Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Hong Kong, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Switzerland, Great Britain, USA), Club 2 (Denmark, Finland, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain) and Club 3 (South Cyprus, Iceland, Malta, New Zealand). Then, in the second part of the analysis, cross-section dependence, slope homogeneity, stationarity, cointegration and AMG (long-term coefficient estimator) tests were applied for these three clubs obtained by club convergence method. According to the results obtained in this case, the increasing effect of economic and cultural globalization on high-tech exports is striking in countries that converge to clubs with low high-tech exports in developed countries, while the increasing effect of income on high-tech exports in Club 1 countries where countries converge with high-tech exports is remarkable., Bu çalışmada gelişmiş ülkelerde yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ile gelir, ekonomik küreselleşme ve kültürel küreselleşme arasındaki ilişki 1996-2018 dönemi için analiz edilmektedir. Bu ilişkiyi analiz etmek için analizin birinci kısmında kulüp yakınsama yöntemi kullanılarak gelişmiş ülkeler yüksek teknoloji ihracatı verisi kullanılarak gruplara ayrılmıştır. Analizin ikinci kısmında ise elde edilen üç farklı kulüp için yatay kesit bağımlılığı, eğim homojenliği, durağanlık, eşbütünleşme ve uzun dönem katsayı tahmincisi testlerine yer verilmiştir. Analizin birinci kısmında elde edilen kulüpler şu ülkelerden oluşmaktadır: Kulüp 1 (Kanada, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Estonya, Fransa, Hong Kong, Almanya, İrlanda, İsrail, İtalya, Japonya, Letonya, Hollanda, Singapur, Slovakya, Güney Kore, İsviçre, Büyük Britanya, ABD), Kulüp 2 (Danimarka, Finlandiya, Yunanistan, Norveç, Portekiz, Slovenya, İspanya) ve Kulüp 3 (Güney Kıbrıs, İzlanda, Malta, Yeni Zelanda). Ardından analizin ikinci kısmında kulüp yakınsama yöntemi ile elde edilen bu üç kulüp için yatay kesit bağımlılığı, eğim homojenliği, durağanlık, eşbütünleşme ve AMG (uzun dönem katsayı tahmincisi) testleri uygulanmıştır. Bu durumda elde edilen sonuçlara göre, gelişmiş ülkelerinde yüksek teknoloji ihracatının düşük olduğu kulüplere yakınsayan ülkelerde ekonomik ve kültürel küreselleşmenin yüksek teknoloji ihracatını artırıcı etkisi göze çarparken, yüksek teknoloji ihracatının yüksek değerlerine yakınsayan ülkelerin bulunduğu Kulüp 1 ülkelerinde ise gelirin yüksek teknoloji ihracatı üzerindeki artırıcı etkisi dikkat çekmektedir.

Does economic globalization influence the positioning of parties and, as a consequence, the ideological characteristics of party systems? Answering this question is important because we need to understand the constraints that parties face in formulating policies from which voters have to choose. In our paper, we take a systemic perspective and conceptualize a party system’s ideological center of gravity as the outcome of interest. We define the center of gravity as the weighted mean position of all parliamentary parties in a country that represents the position to which parties gravitate. We start by formulating static hypotheses on the effect of imports and exports on the center of gravity and derive their underlying mechanisms. We further derive dynamic hypotheses stipulating varying effects over time based on the premise that partisan attitudes toward globalization have undergone multiple changes over the last decades. A time-series cross-section analysis of 129 elections in 15 Western European countries from 1974 to 2015 finds evidence for opposite effects of exports and imports in the pooled data. Additionally, a moving-window analysis indicates that the relationship between globalization and the center of gravity varies over time. This is a significant finding because it suggests that economic globalization has an influence on party systems and that it is important to test for time-varying effects.

In recent years, the debate on environmental issues has become a hot topic. Fiscal decentralization is believed to be a crucial driver of environmental sustainability. However, the discussion on the effect of fiscal decentralization (FD) on environmental sustainability has not reached a unanimous conclusion. In this study, we inspect the effect of fiscal decentralization, economic development, technological innovation, economic globalization, and energy use on environmental quality in eight Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member countries. In addition, we analyze the mechanisms through which fiscal decentralization influences the ecological footprint (EF) through the channels of technological innovation and economic growth. Using the STIRPAT framework, this study employed the CS-ARDL method for short-run and long-run analyses that deal with slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results show that fiscal decentralization and technological innovation mitigate ecological footprint, while economic development, energy consumption, and urbanization negatively affect environmental quality. However, economic globalization is not related to the EF in the sample economies. The results further reveal that FD enhances environmental quality through the channel of technological innovation, while it does not affect the EF through the channel of economic growth. Finally, it is recommended to make a reasoned division between the rights and responsibilities of local government and central government in environmental pollution management, and optimize the environmental system. At the same time, policymakers should encourage technological innovation to reduce the adverse impacts of economic development and energy consumption on the environment.

This study analyzes the effect of economic globalization on Mauritius from 1981 to 2019 using the ARDL approach. Due to their distinct economic characteristics, isolated island economies react differently to globalization than other countries. Our study investigates whether Mauritius's global trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have an impact on the country's GDP growth. The findings suggest that in the short run, FDI inflows are an impetus for the growth of GDP, while in the long term, the opposite occurs. Likewise, the long-term relationship between global trade and GDP growth concluded with the same result. In the light of our findings, the Government of Mauritius needs to focus on encouraging global FDI using various economic administrative measures and taking initiatives for enhancing the country’s global trade., Bu çalışma, 1981'den 2019'a kadar ekonomik küreselleşmenin Morityus üzerindeki etkisini ARDL yaklaşımı kullanarak analiz etmektedir. Ayrı ekonomik özellikleri nedeniyle, izole ada ekonomileri küreselleşmeye diğer ülkelerden farklı tepki verir. Çalışmamız Morityus'un küresel ticaret ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım (DYY) girişlerinin ülkenin GSYİH büyümesi üzerinde bir etkisi olup olmadığını araştırıyor. Bulgular, kısa vadede DYY girişlerinin GSYİH'nın büyümesi için bir itici güç olduğunu, uzun vadede ise bunun tersinin gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Aynı şekilde, küresel ticaret ile GSYİH büyümesi arasındaki uzun vadeli ilişki de aynı sonuçla sonuçlandı. Bulgularımız ışığında, Morityus Hükümeti'nin çeşitli ekonomik idari önlemler yoluyla küresel DYY'yi teşvik etmeye ve ülkenin küresel ticaretini geliştirmek için girişimlerde bulunmaya odaklanması gerekmektedir.

Change management is a key issue for the survival and realization of organizational objectives in today's business environment, which is changing in different ways. Change has become a necessary constant for companies that need to change in order to remain competitive in the market. The ability to manage this change is seen as a basic skill of successful enterprises in contemporary entrepreneurship. These changes are undoubtedly manifested both locally and internationally. Economic globalization as an integrator has caused these two levels to merge into one, causing the difference between them to fade. This integration has been very intense lately. Leadership as the process by which an individual influences a group to achieve a common goal. Process means systematic and continuous actions and ways by which the leader influences subordinates. It should be noted that leadership is not a linear process but an interactive process and requires adaptation and innovation. Entrepreneurship and innovation in developing countries but also in developed countries in the contemporary era is influencing in all aspects of business development. This research for Kosovo condition confirms the following results: that the change process is an integral and necessary part of day-to-day management in these enterprises, identifying leadership challenges in implementing the change process and adapting enterprises to the contemporary environment continues to be vital to performance profitability and competitiveness. Answering research questions requires testing the relationships between variables (type of change, process factors, and success of the change). Testing of these connections is enabled using quantitative methods. As a result, the use of questionnaires as a method for data collection in this paper enables: research and analysis of possible relationships between the variables taken in the study, and tends to 'open' issues that will be of interest to be explored in the future. These leadership activities, adapting the efforts to maximize the existing opportunities in the environment of strong competition and following the contemporary development trends in the enterprise have been researched during the processes of change in the enterprise are: creating a strong leadership team to lead the processes, develop a vision to assist and guide efforts to achieve strategic objectives, designing and communicating the strategy to achieve the planned results, providing training and career development for employees to understand, reduce resistance and motivate to achieve the mission and vision of the enterprise.

With the continuous development of economic globalization, changes in the industrial structure have become an indispensable material basis in the current process of social and economic changes. Optimize and develop the internal structure of each industry, especially industrial industry,and use the functional expansion of the industrial structure as a transformation model to promote the educational structure, thereby realizing the upgrading of the economic development industry.

Under the background of economic globalisation, to promote the sustainable development of enterprises, sustainable innovation performance is explored for enterprises from the perspective of knowled...

Does economic globalization create a “race to the bottom” or a “race to the top” in labor rights practices? Despite significant research on the possible impact of economic globalization on labor conditions, little consensus exists as to whether and what forms of economic openness might help or undermine labor rights. In this study, we illustrate the significance of considering the two distinct processes of de facto and de jure globalization. We argue that whereas de facto globalization in the form of trade and financial transactions is likely to result in worse labor rights practices, de jure globalization that entails regulations to facilitate these transactions is likely to have a positive effect on labor conditions. Combining time-series, cross-national data on labor rights with data on economic globalization, we find significant evidence of the divergent effects of de facto and de jure globalization on labor rights practices. Results also indicate that the labor rights effects of de facto and de jure globalization are stronger for trade than financial globalization. We further show that the effects of economic globalization apply to both collective and substantive labor rights practices.

To promote the harmonious development of economic globalization, China has put forward the initiative of new international relations, giving full attention to China’s role as a big country and developing new international relations. In the context of new international relations, South-South cooperation is facing new opportunities and challenges. The rise and development of South-South cooperation in developing countries is a new era experience and a global resource development plan. Not only does South-South cooperation emphasize respect for national internal affairs and mutual benefit in global development, but it also maintains the development of globalization in the context of new international relations. This paper analyzes the trend and factors of South-South cooperation in the context of new international relations.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an ethnographic discussion surrounding the sociocultural dimensions of the contemporary economy, using the dynamics of monoculture expansion into the indigenous territories of South-Central Chile as an empirical reference. Design/methodology/approach From an ethnographic approach, the paper systematizes some ideas about the difference and inequality that have redrafted the current relationships between forestry companies and Mapuche communities within the context of international certification of forestry management. Findings Findings indicate that difference and inequality, are today managed from global economic rationality and their control impacts directly on quotidian life of diverse and unequal territories. Considering this, this paper gets to conclude that these conditions, while never ceasing to deepen their expression, have been recrafted from the new references of the global economy. Research limitations/implications For the critical ethnographic approach to be applied, it is necessary to design and implement wide access, which means this type of study usually has limitations when not being able to get to every scale of economic development. For this reason, it is important to keep the methodological discussion, about the ethnography of the economy. Originality/value The study puts in perspective intercultural relations and the inequality of territories in the framework of the global economy. Illustrates how the managing of the international market of wood and pulp design and insides in local quotidian life systems.

The study of this paper related to globalization and the main concerns on Economic globalization which is referred to the mobility of people, capital, technology, goods and services internationally. Economic globalization includes those people. They are well familiar with the international economic situation. Are several characteristics such as competence of the legal and cultural structures of other nations, foreign languages and advanced technology. In simple words, Economic globalization is related to the increasing interdependence of world economies which results in the growing scale of flow of international capital, cross-border trade of commodities and services, and wide and rapid spread of technologies. This paper explores how the natural types of globalization are negative and positive impacts on economic globalization. Economic globalization involves a wide variety of processes, opportunities and problems related to the spread of economic activities among countries in the world.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and China's state-led model for economic globalization more generally, have attracted controversy: Are state-led overseas investment and lending driven by strategic motives or market rationale? How have the recipient economies reacted to the influx of Chinese capital? This special issue sheds light on these questions by first outlining the fragmented state system driving the BRI, a system featuring both Beijing's strategic logic at the top and market considerations in policy implementation. The role of the state is unpacked further in China's globalizing coal industry and in the growth of Chinese industry export to BRI countries. Finally, the issue explores the mechanisms behind public backlash and political pushback facing China in Zambia and Australia. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to shift China's relationship with the world, this special issue contributes to a more nuanced understanding of themodus operandiof Chinese capital going global.

Some scholars of global governance advocate rebalancing from global to national governance. They underline the incompatibility of global economic governance with democracies, which have the right to protect their social arrangements. They discern the fact that global (economic) governance is under heavy fire from a new vox populi, underscoring the socio-economic and cultural sources of their resentment and opposition to the liberal international order. While pointing at the timeliness of such argumentation, this article examines the fundamental problem with a sovereignty-related solution to the populist challenge. It lies in the fact that reconstituting global economic steering with a stronger emphasis on sovereignty may open the door for pursuing distinct national policies, which have blossomed during the COVID-19 pandemic and which not only overlap with populism but dismantle the benefits of international cooperation in the post-COVID-19 world. By asking about the role of the fragmented system of economic governance in inspiring populist resentment, this article creates an opportunity not only to address the challenges to global economic governance, but more specifically to reflect upon: the justification of decisive shifts toward national governance;risks which remain hidden for those discontented with economic globalization;and drafting an alternative solution, namely taking the middle way between hyper globalization and a more national policy. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

The modern world is a world of global trends. Studies often do not take into account the nonlinearity of the process and create the appearance of automatically deepening and expanding global processes that affect all areas of life. Globalization is considered in the article as a non-linear process of spatial interaction, mutual influence and interdependence of the world economy subjects. One of the main periodization criteria of economic globalization is the qualitative changes in spatio-temporal relations. Thepurpose of the paper is to justify the reasons for the emergence of a new phase of globalization. The pandemic has triggered a serious blow to the global interdependent economy. This means that globalization is entering a new phase.

With the economic globalization, increasing numbers of Chinese entrepreneurs have taken an interest in international investments and acquisitions in order to expand their business territories around the world. Based on various motivations for international investments, this paper analyzed the challenges faced by Wanda, Fuyao Glass, and Fosun in regard to different business backgrounds and models, cultural concepts, as well as the changing global political and economic environments in addition to summarizing their experiences and lessons from international investments.

The purpose of the article is to review the foreign practice of the development of light industry and identify its features. The head of state identified the problem of ensuring the competitiveness of domestic enterprises as the most important direction of the political strategy. The modern international policy of Kazakhstan is aimed at integrating the country into the world economic community. In the context of economic globalization, ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises is a determining factor in their security and the economic security of the state as a whole. The accession of the republic to the WTO in the near future dictates the need to develop competitive industrial production, including light industry. Light industry plays an important role in the economy of each country, since it is a serious source of budgetary funds and has significant export potential. The state of the light industry affects the economic and strategic security of the country. The socio-economic significance of this industry is determined by the fact that it plays an important role in ensuring the employment of the working-age population, especially women, and has an impact on people's health. Light industry products are used in all spheres of human activity and are second only to food products in terms of consumption. Due to this, light industry is designated in Kazakhstan as a priority industry.

This study investigates the impact of agriculture, renewable energy production, and globalization on CO2 emissions in Turkey between 1970 and 2017 using the Gregory–Hansen cointegration test, bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares long-run estimators. The political, social, and economic KOF indices are used as explanatory variables. The results of the Gregory–Hansen cointegration test and bootstrap ARDL approach indicate a cointegration relationship between the variables. The long-run estimators reveal that agriculture, renewable energy production, and economic globalization increase environmental pollution. Therefore, this study confirms the undesirable impact of these variables on CO2 emissions. The positive economic globalization coefficient indicates that the scale effect is valid in Turkey. In addition, the crisis in 2001 slowed the economic growth rate in the country, which decreased environmental pollution. Based on the findings of this study, various recommendations are provided for Turkish policymakers.