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On-skin stretchable electronic devices that can acquire electrophysiological signals for controllable human-machine interactions are of considerable importance in wearable robotics applications. The straightforward, large-area fabrication of structurally stretchable electronic sensors processed by ultrafast laser ablation techniques provides great insights into low-cost wearable stretchable sensors. In this study, a patch-based large-area frame-type stretchable sensor array system that covers a large portion (~20 cm wide) of the human armprocessed by a simple, ultrafast ( 100%)allows the sensor to conformally attach to the skin for long-term usage. The patch-based sensor exhibited robust electromechanical properties under significant mechanical loadings for 10 000 cycles, a promising characteristic for product commercialization. Moreover, the results suggest that the proposed method is suitable for the fabrication of diverse materials for stretchable electronic applications. We verified the application of electromyography (EMG) signals with human motion determination to control the movements of the robotic hand.

In the article from the standpoint of the theory of administrative and information law, based on the current legislation and regulatory requirements of the European Union, the theoretical and practical aspects of electronic document flow in telemedicine are considered. The topicality of the topic determined by the need to improve the legislation with the aim of comprehensive theoretical justification of increasing the effectiveness of telemedicine activities in the conditions of digital transformation of Ukraine. In the course of the study, the methodology of a systematic complex analysis of legal phenomena was applied using factorial and evolutionary methods of research. It is indicated that in the countries of the European Union, three main models of health care information systems have been formed, which differ in the ways of storing medical information and management: decentralized, centralized and patient-oriented. It was noted that the main legal issues of the renewal of the medical system of Ukraine and the directions of activity in the conditions of reform include telemedicine, and its component - electronic document flow. The essence and features of electronic document management in telemedicine in the countries of the European Union have been clarified. The electronic health care systems of individual countries of the European Union considered, attention is paid to the experience of use. The state of legal provision of information security in telemedicine with regard to electronic document flow studied, taking into account the experience of the countries of the European Union. The analysis of ensuring information security in the context of personal data in the medical systems of European countries and Ukraine was carried out. The further vector and direction of the development of the national health care system in terms of the Concept of the development of electronic health care, which is important for medical care and rehabilitation of citizens who suffered during the war, was determined. Important aspects and measures to optimize activities in the field of telemedicine highlighted, which need to be paid attention to during further reform and creation of new digital resources for a more comfortable transition and use of the latest digital technologies in the field of health care., У статті з позиції теорії адміністративного та інформаційного права розглянуто, на основі чинного законодавства та нормативних вимог Європейського Союзу, теоретичні та практичні аспекти електронного документообігу у телемедицині. Актуальність теми зумовлена необхідністю удосконалення законодавства з метою комплексного теоретичного обґрунтування підвищення ефективності діяльності у сфері телемедицини в умовах цифрової трансформації України. У ході дослідження застосовано методологію системного комплексного аналізу правових явищ із застосуванням факторного та еволюційного методів дослідження. Вказано, що у країнах Європейського Союзу сформувалися три основні моделі інформаційних систем охорони здоров'я, що розрізняються за способами зберігання медичної інформації та управління: децентралізована, централізована та пацієнт-орієнтована. Зазначено, основні правові питання оновлення медичної системи України та напрями діяльності в умовах реформування охоплюють телемедицину, та її складову – електронний документообіг. Уточнено сутність та особливості електронний документообіг в телемедицині в країнах Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто електронні системи охорони здоров’я окремих країн Європейського Союзу приділено увагу досвіду щодо використання. Досліджено стан правового забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в телемедицині щодо електронного документообігу з урахуванням досвіду країн Європейського Союз. Проведено аналіз забезпечення інформаційної безпеки у контексті персональних даних в медичних системах європейських країн та в Україні. Визначено подальший вектор та напрям розвитку національної системи охорони здоров’я в розрізі Концепції розвитку електронної охорони здоров’я, що має значення для медичного обслуговування та реабілітації громадян, які постраждали в насадок війни. Виділено важливі аспекти та заходи оптимізації діяльності у сфері телемедицини на які потрібно звернути увагу при подальшому реформуванні та створенні нових цифрових ресурсів для більш комфортнішого переходу та використання новітніх цифрових технологій в сфері охорони здоров’я.

The main driver of this project has been to design a prove of concept of a device that allows live voice communication between patients and medical staff and the capability to locate in real time patients in an enclosed environment. The author of this project had an initial constraint it was supplied by the project director supplied for this project a DWM1001-DEV Module Development Board which provides accurate positioning thanks to its wireless Real Time Location System. After a study of the problem, a selection of components, both hardware and software were selected. The sound system is composed of a I2S Microphone SPH0645 for real time audio capturing, an I2S Amplifier Breakout board MAX98357A and a generic 8ohms speaker. The patient interface component is a button used to trigger communication. For the development of the software the Espressif IoT Development Framework was used, it provides APIs for the user to program the ESP32. The ESP-IDF was installed on VSCode IDE. For debugging the system, we used a J-Link PRO with the Eclipse IDE. The ESP32 communicates with a python-based server using a Wi-Fi network, the communication is based on the UDP protocol. The result is a prototype that showcase that a final product based on this system is feasible, it presents great autonomy and excellent real time communication features. Further lines of work are described, and the presented system is flexible enough to integrate them.

Матеріали та програма Міжнародної наукової конференції молодих вчених, м. Суми, 24–28 квітня 2023 року.

статья посвящена принципиальным основополагающим началам использования электронных (в том числе нейросетевых) систем контроля и пресечения злоупотребления свободой массовой информации. Автор постулирует три важнейших, на его взгляд, принципа такого использования. Таковыми являются: принцип подтверждения выводов электронных систем людьми; принцип конституционноправовой ориентированности работы электронных систем; принцип обеспечения доказательной силы получаемых в виде электронных документов результатов работы электронных систем. Последний из указанных принципов прямо корреспондирует конституционному принципу недопустимости цензуры., the article is devoted to the fundamental principles of using electronic systems (including neural networks) to control and suppress the abuse of rights at the sphere of mass media. The author postulates three most important, in his opinion, principles of evaluation in this area. It’s the principle of confirming the conclusions of an electronic system by a person, the principle of constitutional orientation of the functioning of electronic systems, the principle of approbation and giving force of evidence for the results of the operation of electronic systems obtained in the form of electronic documents. The last of these principles directly corresponds to the constitutional principle of the inadmissibility of censorship.

Масъалаҳои ташаккул ва рушди иқтисодиёти рақамӣ мавриди омӯзиш ва таҳқиқ қарор дода шудааст. Асоснок карда шудааст, ки яке аз унсурҳои асосии ташаккули иқтисодиёти рақамӣ технологияҳои рақамӣ ба ҳисоб меравад. Ҷиҳати татбиқи технологияҳои рақамӣ, бунёди системаҳои пуриқтидори рақамӣ ва дар ин замина ба вуҷуд овардани низомҳои ягонаи электронӣ, ки аз ҷузъҳои марказии иқтисодиёти рақамӣ маҳсуб меёбад, дар асоси назарияҳои илмӣ, таҷрибаи пешоҳанги хориҷӣ тавсияҳои илман асоснок пешниҳод карда шудааст. Қайд гардидааст, ки ташаккули иқтисодиёти рақамӣ танҳо бо истифодаи технологияҳои рақамӣ маҳдуд намешавад ва барои тезонидани раванди зикргардида ҷалби сарчашмаҳои молиявӣ, мутахассисони ихтисосманди соҳаҳои рақамӣ, инчунин танзими механизми қарзию молиявӣ, андозӣ ва коркарди маҳсулоти нави рақамӣ тақозо карда мешавад. Таъкид гардидааст, ки барои рушди саривақтии иқтисодиёти рақамӣ таҷдиди инфрасохтори алоқа ва бо интернети баландсуръат таъмин намудани субъектҳои хоҷагидорӣ муҳим ва саривақтӣ мебошад., The article deals with the formation and development of digital economy. One of the key elements in the formation of digital economy is digital technology. So the authors give scientifically based recommendations on the use of digital technologies, the creation of powerful digital systems and, on this basis, the creation of a unified electronic systems based on scientific theories and advanced foreign experience. It is noted that the formation of digital economy is not limited to the use of digital technologies, but to accelerate this process, it is necessary to attract financial resources, qualified specialists in digital sphere, as well as to regulatie credit and financial mechanisms, taxation and the development of new digital products in the digital economy. The article considers that in order to ensure its timely development, it is necessary to modernize the communication infrastructure and provide business entities with high-speed Internet in a timely manner.

Purpose: The most important problem of any state is protection of the control and management systems used for the country, national armed forces, high-risk facilities (nuclear power plants, large chemical plants, airports, etc.). Here, the fact that the means of attack can be deployed on ballistic and cruise missiles, aircraft, and drones should be accounted for. The flight altitude of these vehicles varies from ≈300 km to ≈ 10 m. Any attack vehicle is equipped with complex avionics consisting of circuit elements sensitive to electromagnetic fields. Since the 1980s, a new scientific and engineering direction has been developing, being termed as a “functional damage to avionics”. It is based on the creation of powerful means of electromagnetic radiation possessing the energetic capabilities of incapacitating avionics at significant distances (from ~ 100 m to ~ 1000 km). The purpose of this work is to analyze the possible functional damage to avionics with account for the tendencies in avionics technologies. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is made on the capability of inflicting functional damage to avionics accounting for the modern trends in developing the powerful means of electromagnetic energy generation in the microwave and shorter wavelength ranges, miniaturization and integration of avionics circuit elements. The regression is constructed for the critical energy time dependence. It has been determined that for decades the critical energy required to damage the circuit elements shows a tendency to decrease. This is due to the further miniaturization and integration of microcircuits according to the Moore’s law, which is still valid for now. For a number of circuit elements, the critical energy is found to be in the range of 10-11–10-10 J. At the same time, a reverse tendency arises to protect avionics from being functionally damaged. In this case, the critical energy makes 10-7–10-6 J and greater. From the derived version of the basic equation of functional damage to avionics, the maximum distance at which the damage is possible with the energetics of the existing radio systems is estimated. For the ground-based facilities, this distance can attain hundreds of kilometers. For mobile vehicles, it can reach 10–100 km. Combining target detection, identification and avionics damage capabilities in one radio system has been validated and advised. The transition from the first mode of operation to the second one occurs at shorter distances with an increase of 2–3 orders of magnitude in the pulse energy. Findings: The regression equation has been obtained for the time dependence of the critical energy required for inflicting functional damage to avionics. Its constant decrease has been confirmed. Such a behavior is closely related to the Moore’s law, which characterizes the degree of miniaturization and integration of avionics circuit elements. It has been predicted that for a number of instruments the critical energy can be smaller than 10-11–10-10 J. A version of the basic equation of functional damage to avionics has been obtained. The maximum distance for a modern radio system to damage the avionics has been shown to attain many hundreds of kilometers. For the radio systems installed on mobile vehicles, this distance makes 10–100 km. Target detection, tracking and identification, as well as avionics damage capabilities, have been proved to be rationally combined in one radio system. To cause damage at a corresponding range, the pulse energy needs to be increased by a factor of 102–103. Conclusions: There are all science and technology prerequisites for developing effective radio systems inflicting functional damage to avionics and for the state defense and protection, armed forces, and high-risk facility controlling systems. Key words: functional damage; avionics; critical energy; Moore’s law; functional damage equation; radiolocation equation; detection and destruction range

In the era of information technology, secure access to electronic systems is important for protecting private information. Among various authentication techniques, keystroke authentication methods based on users’ touch behavior have received increasing attention. In this paper, we present a technique for obtaining high multi-user authentication accuracy by utilizing users’ touch time and force information, which were obtained from a piezoelectric touch panel. After feeding a support vector machine (SVM) with users’ touch features, a high classification accuracy of 97% is achieved, validating the feasibility of the proposed technique for achieving highly secure multi-user authentication, hence advancing the development of security techniques.

Electronic system components can fall prey to counterfeiting via untrustworthy parties in the semiconductor supply chain, which has established a worldwide span to reduce costs, time to market, and increase productivity. Recently, integrated circuits (ICs) counterfeiting has threatened systems security and reliability that utilize ICs in all domains. This article focuses on the most counterfeited area--recycled and remarked ICs--and aims to develop a technique to distinguish between new and used digital ICs based on an aging sensor mechanism. Aging sensors have been studied based on path-delay fingerprinting and ring oscillators (ROs) frequency degradation, but their resolution requires further development to accurately detect short usage. This study proposes a novel differential aging sensor to measure the discharge time (τ dv) increase that depends on the subthreshold leakage current due to aging with two on-chip designs. Simulations were conducted using the GlobalFoundries (GF) 22 nm for aging with bias temperature instability and hot carrier injection (HCI) combined. The results show that the τ dv increase is 14.72% after 15 days of usage and increases to 60.49% after three years. This further increases at higher temperatures; the highest simulated temperature (125 °C) τ dv increases by 55.93% after 15 days and 310.17% after three years. The proposed method also outperformed the traditional frequency degradation-based aging estimation method, which at nominal temperature is found to be 5.00% after 15 days and 23.68% after three years. Therefore, discharge time is a sensitive indicator for aging, surpasses frequency in detecting previous usage and is robust against process, voltage, and temperature variations (PVTs).

Como forma de ampliar a visibilidade e divulgação das produções acadêmicas e científicas, algumas instituições de ensino passaram a fazer uso de Repositórios Institucionais (RI), ferramentas tecnológicas que surgiram a partir do movimento mundial de acesso aberto à informação científica. Este trabalho apresenta como objeto de estudo o cenário de implantação de Repositórios nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IF) com marco temporal até maio de 2020. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo. Foi realizado o mapeamento para identificar quais IF possuíam Repositório Institucional. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de consulta em sites institucionais, envio de e-mails ao grupo de bibliotecários da Rede brasileira de Institutos Federais e coleta de informações por meio do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC). Identificou-se que das 38 instituições pesquisadas 15 já possuem Repositório Institucional e outras 15 estão em fase de implantação. Acredita-se que a implantação de repositórios nos IF ainda precisa avançar significativamente para proporcionar maior visibilidade às suas produções acadêmicas, técnicas e científicas.

This work presents a prototype of an artificial egg for use in breeding centres for endangered birds. These eggs replace the inert artificial eggs that are given to the birds while the natural egg is incubated in the laboratory. When the chick hatches, it is given to the parents to continue breeding. This first prototype of the active egg is designed for the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), simulating the sounds and movements of the chick inside, and with the same appearance, size and weight as a natural one. The movements and sounds of the active artificial egg are made at the request of its caregiver and under his supervision and control in real time via a wireless connection. The active artificial egg has battery-powered circuitry inside that allows it to maintain wireless communication between the caregiver and the egg, because the egg must not perform autonomous physical actions at any time. This prototype has been tested for three seasons on a foster male and a natural couple of birds with good results because the birds have not rejected the prototype and have shown exactly the same behaviour exhibited when incubating a natural egg. The electronic system has among other circuits a microcontroller, a small motor to produce vibrations that simulate the movement of the chick and an mp3 player for the reproduction of sounds previously recorded on a microSD card. A low power consumption system has been designed to increase the autonomy of the device.

Technological developments continue to develop very rapidly, one of which is in the electronic trading system, hereinafter referred to as e-commerce. Along with this, there are concerns from E-Commerce application media users regarding personal data stored by E-Commerce application media companies, so that more specific rules are needed regarding legal protection for E-Commerce application users. The purpose of this research is to further review the rules related to legal protection for users who are affected by the leakage of personal data on E-Commerce media such as based on the agreement in the Terms and Conditions as well as the rules of related laws such as, the ITE Law and its amendments, PP 71/2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trading Through Electronic Systems, Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology Number 20 of 2016 concerning Protection of Personal Data in Electronic Systems. The method used in this research is normative juridical research, with a statutory approach. The collection of sources of legal materials, both primary and secondary, is carried out through laws and regulations and all official documents that contain legal provisions and searches related to research results such as journals and the internet.

Basic parameters of walking were studied in 105 patients with the initial stages of coxarthrosis. The walking function was examined using the GAITRite® electronic system. It was revealed that the initial walking disorders in the form of a slight asymmetry of walking parameters are present already in patients with stage I coxarthrosis. The cause for the changes in the quality of walking in patients with stage I of the disease is exclusively adaptive changes, when the patient makes the movements more cautious to avoid provocation of pain. In patients with stage II of the disease, the symmetry of walking parameters is lower than in patients with stage I, besides, the duration of support increases with time, which indicates a physiological correction of walking. Deterioration in the quality of walking is caused not only by behavioral changes, but also by motor disorders due to changes in the affected joint function.

Recently, there has been a great interest for realizing flexible, cheap, smart, and disposable bioelectronics and implantable electronic systems that can collect various types of in vivo biological...

Objectives Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has opened the era of drug personalization, promising to revolutionize the pharmaceutical field with improvements in efficacy, safety and compliance of the treatments. As a result of these investigations, a vast therapeutic field has opened for 3DP-loaded drug devices with an anatomical fit. Along these lines, innovative dosage forms, unimaginable until recently, can be obtained. This review explores 3DP-engineered drug devices described in recent research articles, as well as in patented inventions, and even devices already produced by 3DP with drug-loading potential. Key findings 3D drug-loaded stents, implants and prostheses are reviewed, along with devices produced to fit hard-to-attach body parts such as nasal masks, vaginal rings or mouthguards. The most promising 3DP techniques for such devices and the complementary technologies surrounding these inventions are also discussed, particularly the scanners useful for mapping body parts. Health regulatory concerns regarding the new use of such technology are also analysed. Summary The scenario discussed in this review shows that for wearable 3DP drug devices to become a tangible reality to users, it will be necessary to overcome the existing regulatory barriers, create new interfaces with electronic systems and improve the mapping mechanisms of body surfaces.

The amount of tax debt in Ukraine and the number of tax debtors, especially small and medium business, constantly and significantly increase. The tax authorities do not have necessary power to act quickly and effectively, the methods and tools used by them are not relevant to reality and do not consider the specific of the taxpayers’ behavior in Ukraine, most procedures of the tax debt management are time consuming and not automatized. The purpose of the article is to show how fiscal authorities could improve its performance by applying the differentiated approach to the tax debtors based on innovative IT-tools of management. To explain the concept and design of the e-tax debt management model the authors used the theory game statements, economic and math modelling. The developed model of e-tax debt management involves the consistent application of different strategies depending on the debtors’ behavior as well as the responsibility of business owners for non-repayment of tax debt. In contrast to current management practices, the new model establishes strong time frameworks for taxpayers to repay debts by themselves, gives more power to tax authorities and allows accelerating tax debt repayment due to automatization. The usage of IT tool for managerial procedures gives the possibility to reduce the influence of subjective factor on decision-making, as the electronic system makes decision about the type of strategy of tax debt management on a basis of strong and transparent criteria. The study results can be useful for government, business and researchers

The purpose is to conduct an expert (medical) assessment of the main complaints of patients with symptoms of computer visual syndrome (CVS).Methods: as part of the preliminary stage of work, an individual interview was performed (according to the standard developed methodology) with 100 patients aged 24–36 years, whose professional daily activity (at least 2 years) was characterized as visually-intense work associated with electronic systems displaying information (at least 4 hours a day) and with a fairly high level of responsibility for the final result. During the main stage of the study, a special questionnaire was developed, in which the identified complaints were transformed into questions. The task of the expert — ophthalmologist was to assess the relevance of each of the questions in terms of the severity of the impact on the “quality of life” of the patient. In this case, the assessment was carried out on a 10-point scale, where 0 points — the question is not relevant; 10 points — the question is very relevant. The study involved 96 ophthalmologists aged 41.3 ± 1.6 years (age range from 32 to 62 years) with an average of 17.3 ± 1.4 years of professional experience (range from 6 to 37 years).Results: more pronounced “ocular” manifestations of the CVS were established (mean score — 8.0 ± 0.2, range from 5.0 to 9.4 points, the highest scores for 8 complaints from 8.6 to 9.4 points) compared with “visual” (average score — 6.5 ± 0.2, range from 4.1 to 8.8 points, the highest scores for 5 complaints from 7.8 to 8.8 points). A sufficiently high level of practical significance of “professional” subjective manifestations of the CVS has been established.Conclusion. The obtained data can be basic in the framework of the prospective development of a questionnaire for assessing the “quality of life” of patients with CVS symptoms, since the use of an expert (medical) assessment of identified complaints from the position of the severity of a change in subjective status significantly increases the level of reliability, reliability, as well as meaningful and constructive validity methods of assessing the “quality of life”.

Mechanoreceptors endow humans with the sense of touch by translating the external stimuli into coded spikes, inspiring the rise of artificial mechanoreceptor systems. However, to incorporate slow adaptive receptors-like pressure sensors with artificial neurons remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate an artificial mechanoreceptor by rationally integrating a polypyrrole-based resistive pressure sensor with a volatile NbOx memristor, to mimic the tactile sensation and perception in natural skin, respectively. The artificial mechanoreceptor enables the tactile sensory coding by converting the external mechanical stimuli into strength-modulated electrical spikes. Also, tactile sensation enhancement is achieved by processing the spike frequency characteristics with the pulse coupled neural network. Furthermore, the artificial mechanoreceptor can integrate signals from parallel sensor channels and encode them into unified electrical spikes, resembling the coding of intensity in tactile neural processing. These results provide simple and efficient strategies for constructing future bio-inspired electronic systems.

The aim of this project is to contribute in the development of an autonomous vehicle that is able to perform the maintenance and inspection of large enclosed areas with accurate underwater positioning. The current solutions in the market, despite being autonomous, are not intelligent at all. Due to the difficulty of underwater positioning, these devices usually use dead reckoning techniques. These techniques lead to inconsistent results and inefficiencies, mainly caused by the vehicle passing several times by an area that has been inspected before. Also, current solutions that operate on enclosed waters are usually tethered, causing a lot of cable that could potentially become an obstacle to the robot and cause severe power losses. This project aims to demonstrate how the control and navigation techniques that are applied to aerial drones can be adapted as a solution to the previously mentioned problems. The resulting product must be able to have an accurate positioning underwater that allows it to adhere to a mission and maintain the areas that need to be inspected. It will also be battery powered, which means that no cables will be floating. In addition to all of that, the device will have a big footprint which, combined with the accurate positioning, will allow the vehicle to cover larger areas. After all the different design stages, the project has managed to build and test a working prototype of such a vehicle, which, despite still having some pending upgrades to become a product, manages to perform all the functionalities and solves the main challenges of the problem. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::6 - Aigua Neta i Sanejament

In mobile health monitoring systems, particularly wearable electronic systems (WES), bio-signals measuring tools embedded in clothing becomes a viable alternative. Such an alternative is usually de...

Noncovalent interactions are important for determining the assembling modes of materials. Electronically neutral π-systems form stacking structures based on π–π interactions, which are mainly deriv...

PURPOSE Cancer care team attitudes towards distress screening are key to its success and sustainability. Previous qualitative research has interviewed staff mostly around the startup phase. We evaluate oncology teams' perspectives on psychosocial distress screening, including perceived strengths and challenges, in settings where it has been operational for years. METHODS We conducted, transcribed, and analyzed semi-structured interviews with 71 cancer care team members (e.g., MDs, RNs, MSWs) at 18 Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs including those serving underrepresented populations. RESULTS Strengths of distress screening identified by participants included identifying patient needs and testing provider assumptions. Staff indicated it improved patient-provider communication and other aspects of care. Challenges to distress screening included patient barriers (e.g., respondent burden) and lack of electronic system interoperability. Participants expressed the strengths of distress screening (n = 291) more than challenges (n = 86). Suggested improvements included use of technology to collect data, report results, and make referrals; complete screenings prior to appointments; longitudinal assessment; additional staff training; and improve resources to address patient needs. CONCLUSION Cancer care team members' perspectives on well-established distress screening programs largely replicate findings of previous studies focusing on the startup phase, but there are important differences: team members expressed more strengths than challenges, suggesting a positive attitude. While our sample described many challenges described previously, they did not indicate challenges with scoring and interpreting the distress screening questionnaire. The differences in attitudes expressed in response to mature versus startup implementations provide important insights to inform efforts to sustain and optimize distress screening.

Electronic systems are considered one of the most important pillars in the development of the work of any institution, especially the systems related to the administrative and financial aspects. In this research, an electronic system for salaries for the Nineveh Investment Commission (NIC) was designed and implemented model using the language (C#), A central database was built using a Database Management System (SQL), This system was based on a local wireless network to share work by adopting (Client/Server) model to connect the computers, the proposed system includes very important features such as the open system data that enables the user to add and amend the percentages of the basic and secondary salary components, automatic calculation of the salary by specifying the employee service specifications and the certificate obtained, fixed and variable allocations and deductions, calculating all leave, Determining annual bonuses and promotions and organizing them to makes it easy for the user to know who is eligible, update and calculate them, in this system several levels of system users were built. A report was added for the employee's last salary certificate with detailed reports on salaries and the system was strengthened with the feature of backing up to prevent the database from Damage and referred to at any time. The system was tested on real data to issuing salary reports for three months. As the system met with great desire and reliability in its use by conducting a questionnaire to measure the usability of the system on the specialists.

Silicon semiconductors with excellent thermoelectric characteristics have been widely used in integrated electronic systems. Thermal rectification has important potential applications in semiconduc...

Ecommerce transactions are one of the complex and growing types of transactions in Indonesia. Ecommerce trade is currently experiencing very rapid progress which is marked by a growing improvement in current technological advances, especially in the field of e-commerce. The largest state revenue can be seen from the 2019 State Revenue and Expenditure Budget of state revenues of 1,786.4 trillion rupiahs from taxes. The Ministry of Finance enforces the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 210/PMK.010/2018 concerning Tax Treatment of Trading Transactions Through Electronic Systems. In response to this, there is the potential for an exodus of e-commerce players to switch to using social media as a place for online buying and selling transactions. The payment intention factor for e-commerce transactions is based on three aspects, namely, knowledge and understanding of taxation. Internal influences in the form of taxpayer awareness, ethics, the use of information technology which is influenced by the external readiness of information technology, as well as the influence of the taxpayer's environment. This study aims to propose a conceptual model to identify the factors that influence the tax payment intention of e-commerce actors. This research is expected to provide suggestions to the Directorate General of Taxes regarding e-commerce taxpayers.

Crosstalk between cables can seriously impede the performance of electronic systems. Cable layouts are becoming increasingly complex, and crosstalk is influenced by many factors, so it is difficult for existing crosstalk prediction methods to accurately establish direct relationships between cable near-end crosstalk and its numerous influencing factors. In order to identify the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems of electronic systems in the early stage of cable layout design to guide the optimization of cable layout, the stacking-LSRM multi-stage ensemble learning method was proposed. Using this method, a cable crosstalk prediction model with high prediction accuracy and good robustness can be quickly established programmatically. Two examples were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In each example, the overall performance of the obtained optimal ensemble learning prediction model was quite good, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparison with the prediction models established by existing methods.

In recent years, security incidents of integrated electronic systems occur frequently. The security analysis of integrated electronic systems has attracted wide attention. The majority of existing works are aimed at detecting specific security risks. However, there is a lack of underlying framework for the security analysis and the protection methods for the integrated electronic systems. This article designs an attack and defense framework to evaluate the security of integrated electronic systems based on MIL-STD-1553B data bus. We set up a simplified integrated electronic system simulation environment and apply the designed attack and defense framework to simulate attacks and evaluate the security of protection methods proposed for integrated electronic systems.

In any electronic systems, it is not practical nor is it necessary to eliminate all the noise, as noise is not a problem until it interferes with the surrounding circuitries or radiates electromagnetic energy that exceeds FCC limits and or degrades the system performance. When noise interferes with other circuits it is called crosstalk. Crosstalk can be transmitted through electromagnetic radiation or electrically coupling, such as when unwanted signals propagate on the power and ground planes or couple onto the adjacent circuits. One of the most challenging problems designers are facing in today’s electronic systems is to determine the source of crosstalk, especially in the case where crosstalk randomly causes system failures. Because components are so tightly packed into a very small printed circuit board (PCB). This chapter outlines the crosstalk mechanisms and design methodologies to minimize the effects of crosstalk.

Summary The purpose of the article is to study the problematic aspects of the functioning of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro in Ukraine and to develop proposals for minimizing abuses in the field of tender procedures. Research methods: The article uses general scientific research methods, in particular: synthesis analysis – in the study of scientific literature and determining the features of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro; economic and statistical analysis and comparison – with indicators of public procurement in Ukraine; generalization – when developing recommendations for minimizing abuses in the field of public procurement within the electronic system ProZorro. Scientific novelty: is to determine the main mechanisms of abuse in the field of public procurement in order to obtain illegal benefits: the fragmentation of contracts and the development of sub-threshold trade procedures and justification of ways to minimize them. In particular, in the article It is substantiated that non-competitive tender offers carry high corruption risks and lead to inflated prices for the supply of goods, services and works. It is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement» in order to prohibit the conclusion of additional agreements after the tender; prohibition to change the conditions of the tender and tender documentation after the announcement of tenders; prohibitions to combine goods into one lot and set maximum payment terms for delivered goods for more than 30 calendar days. Conclusions: The study concludes that the electronic public procurement system ProZorro has a positive impact on the development of public procurement in Ukraine, as it increases the transparency of bidding and tender procedures, expands opportunities for participation in tenders of small and medium-sized businesses and more. However, shortcomings, first of all, in the law enforcement and judicial system of Ukraine are caused by frequent cases of corruption schemes in the public procurement system both within the ProZorro system and outside it. Elimination of corruption schemes in the public procurement system is possible subject to amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement». Keywords: public procurement, ProZorro, tender, tender offer, electronic bidding, competitive and non-competitive procedures.

The paper is devoted to the study of innovations in the market of modern payment systems. The pandemic and quarantine restrictions have accelerated the expansion of the payment infrastructure in Ukraine, which in turn raises the issue of security of electronic payment systems. Ukrainians are more actively switching to electronic payments. At the same time, the trend of growing popularity of contactless payment instruments and settlements with them continues. A comparative analysis of the security of payment systems using electronic technologies in the implementation of money transfer services in Ukraine has been performed. The components of the payment system, information security measures in the electronic payment system have been also considered. The schema of electronic payments and the block diagram of the information protection subsystem of electronic payment system have been constructed. The criteria for assessing the security of the electronic payment system have been determined. A total of fifteen safety criteria have been identified, they are divided into six groups according to the degree of safety. Six electronic system payments were used for the study and the research results have been presented in this paper. The tendencies of development of electronic payment systems in modern conditions and ways of improvement of their activity taking into account the newest information technologies have been outlined.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel methodology for predicting reliability for consumer electronics or any other hardware systems that experience a complex lifecycle environmental profile. Design/methodology/approach This Physics-of-Failure–based three-step methodology can be used to predict the degradation rate of a population using a Monte Carlo approach. The three steps include: using an empirical equation describing the degradation of a performance metric, a degradation consistency condition and a technique to account for cumulative degradation across multiple life-cycle stress conditions (e.g. temperature, voltage, mechanical load, etc.). Findings Two case studies are provided to illustrate the methodology including one related to repeated touch-load induced artifacts for displays. Originality/value This novel methodology can be applied to a wide range of applications from mechanical systems to electrical circuits. The results can be fed into the several stages of engineering validation to speed up product qualification.

Modern electronic systems usually use third‐party IP cores to build basic blocks. However, there may be Hardware Trojans (HTs) in IP cores, which will cause critical security problem. There are already many HT detection methods which claim to detect all publicly available HT benchmarks. But these methods can still be defeated by designing novel HTs. In this article, a method called Blinding HT is proposed, which camouflages itself as a normal circuit and is difficult to be triggered. The Blinding HT hides input signals of HT modules by tracing across multiple sequential levels. This method increases the influence of HT trigger inputs on output signals, so that trigger inputs are not be identified as redundant inputs. In this way, this approach can defeat the detection methods which identify weakly affecting trigger inputs and redundant trigger inputs across multiple sequential levels. As shown in the experimental results, the proposed HTs are hardly detected even by the novel HT detection approach based on machine learning algorithm. These HTs have small footprints on the design in terms of area and power to resist the side‐channel effect analysis. The proposed HT has stealthiness, general applicability and imperceptibility.

In the present, where we live a pandemic because of Covid-19, it presents a challenge and change in the way we live for all, in which a different way of being able to receive health care must be created. in this research aimed to implement the electronic medical records system to improve patient care, such research is descriptive-explanatory in which a population of 67 patients from a health center is sampled. In conclusion, the implementation of the Electronic Medical Records System improved patient administrative care at the Health Center.

The article deals with the problem of training of future masters of secondary education in the field of informatics and their involvement in scientific research work in the conditions of digital and humanistic pedagogy. The process of informational and analytical support of scientific and pedagogical researches using electronic open access systems, in particular electronic libraries, electronic open journal systems, electronic bibliometric systems, information and analytical open access systems, open conference platforms, is briefly reviewed. The methodology of using electronic open access systems is described. Its components can be applied in the process of training of future masters of secondary education in the field of informatics. The methodology involves the deployment of virtual prototype electronic libraries and electronic open journal systems in the academic cloud. Open Systems DSpace and Open Journal Systems have been selected in this article. The procedure of deployment of electronic open access systems is described, in particular the content of activity is specified in each of its seven stages: forecasting, preparatory, technical, organizational, practical, generalizing, perspective. The peculiarities of training of future masters of informatics for the introduction of electronic scientific journals are considered. For effective training in the implementation and use of open access electronic systems, it is advisable to organize a full-fledged modeling of these processes by the students. The author considers the expected result of the study to be the competences of future masters in designing, installing, configuring, maintaining and using the electronic open access systems in the future professional activity.

A variety of π-electronic ion-pairing assemblies can be constructed by combining anion complexes of π-electronic systems and countercations. In this study, a series of anion-responsive π-electronic molecules, dipyrrolyldiketone PtII complexes containing a phenylpyridine ligand, were synthesized. The resulting PtII complexes exhibited phosphorescence emission, with higher emission quantum yields (0.30-0.42) and microsecond-order lifetimes, and solution-state anion binding, as revealed by our spectroscopic analyses. These PtII complexes displayed solid-state ion-pairing assemblies, exhibiting various anion-binding modes, which derived from pyrrole-inverted and pyrrole-non-inverted conformations, and packing structures, with the contribution of charge-by-charge assemblies, which were dependent on the substituents in the PtII complexes and the geometries and electronic states of their countercations.

Faizah M Alshammari,1 Entisar J Alanazi,1 Afnan M Alanazi,1 Abdulrahman K Alturifi,2 Thamir M Alshammari3,4 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Hail Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Thamir M AlshammariDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 505192886Email Thamer.alshammary@gmail.comBackground: Medication errors pose a risk for individual patients and for public health, with the misuse and overuse of medications being linked to severe patient safety problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate healthcare professionals’ (HCPs’) knowledge about medication errors, their knowledge about medication error reporting systems, and predictors for HCPs to report medication errors in Saudi Arabia.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs (physicians, pharmacists, and nurses) between January and March 2020. The study included 6 distinct locations in the Saudi Arabian regions of Hail, Al-Qassim, Al-Jouf, Al-Madinah, the eastern region, and the western region. Descriptive statistical and inferential analyses were computed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.22.Results: In total, 980 questionnaires for 348 (35.5%) physicians, 144 (14.7%) pharmacists, and 488 (49.8%) nurses were distributed with a response rate of 100%. Interestingly, only 277 (28.3%) of the HCPs had a good understanding of the stages of medication errors. With regard to reporting practices, a high number of the HCPs, 576 (58.8%), had not reported medication errors in their workplaces, and nearly 369 (37.7%) of respondents said they believe that legal implications are a major barrier to the reporting of medication errors. More than half, 524 (53.5%), of HCPs revealed that no clear electronic system is available for the reporting of medication errors in most hospitals. In addition, 537 (54.8%), of the HCPs had not attended any training programs regarding medication error reporting systems within the past year, which is alarming.Conclusion: Our study identified a huge lack of the reporting of medication errors, knowledge about medication error stages, and training on medication errors. Therefore, an urgent need to address these weaknesses exists.Keywords: medication errors, knowledge and attitude, healthcare professionals, patient safety, Saudi Arabia

The paper considers the construction of optoelectronic systems for monitoring near-Earth space, the choice of algorithms for identifying and obtaining the most reliable coordinate and non-coordinate information about space objects of natural and man-made origin. Experimental mock-up studies using the developed installation were performed. The plant allows the calibration of the optoelectronic system and the study of algorithms for obtaining coordinate and detailed data about the observed objects. The authors apply the method of image registration by a telescopic system in the astrograph with a digital camera mode and a digital camera with a microlens array mode. The work uses the methods for analyzing two-dimensional images by algorithms for measuring binary clusters in an image structure, investigating the brightness structure of an image with a circular boundary in a given area, determining the centers and radii of the circles inscribed in clusters, calculating and estimating the maxima for the curves of the coefficients of continuous wavelet transformation in the image profile lines with real wavelets. The composition and structure of a complex of algorithms and a methodology for their application have been developed. The methodology makes it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of information obtained about the observed objects in a wide range of changes in the characteristics of the background target environment. The results substantiate the possibility of increasing the accuracy and reliability of coordinate information about the observed objects by analyzing the curves of the coefficients of continuous wavelet transform or analyzing the brightness gradient, provided that the algorithm for analyzing clusters of binarized images is used. The algorithm makes it possible to determine the areas of localization of objects of interest in the observed space. The developed methodology can be applied to assess the accuracy and reliability of the results of determining the coordinates and detailed features of objects. At the same time, it is possible to scale the algorithms to the means of observation and the tasks being solved, which makes it possible to use them in automated monitoring systems for near-earth space and increases the efficiency of detection and identification of objects.

This research paper includes designing and implementing of an Electronic system for managing theses of College of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Mosul, using replication, C # language and MS SQL Server 2008 databases to be a stable work basis that can be relied upon in the departments’ work as it facilitates the higher administrative bodies in the departments and the deanship Obtaining the required results quickly and accurately, which facilitates and contributes to making the right decisions at the appropriate time and required with the ease of preparing special reports for each student, lecturer and thesis and printing them which it will help the departments head and the scientific committee to complete them if requested, as well as provide various statistics, and to improve administrative efficiency for thesis, the problem of losing thesis data and preserving it from human and natural disasters has been overcome by applying the principle of replication.

This research aims at the electric and magnetic characterization of specific organometallic complexes for the purpose of using them as molecular wires confined in specific channels that can find applications in electronic systems. The hybrid inorganic–organic materials are organometallic complexes from different ligands (2-amino-6- (tert-butyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile, Propanedinitrile, 2-[(3-chlorophenyl)methylene and 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-[(1Hindol-3-ylmethylene)amino]) with different metal ions cobalt, copper and nickel, respectively. These compounds are synthesized and characterized chemically, electrically and magnetically in correlation to systematic changes of functional groups in order to tailor-for-the-purpose the electronic and magnetic behavior of these complexes.

Transfer printing is an emerging technique for deterministic assembly and integration of multiscale and classes of materials on desired substrates with great potential in developing advanced electronic systems. Theoretical mechanics models are developed for an active elastomeric adhesive with the focus on the unusual capabilities of non-contact pick-up and printing. The active adhesive features cavities embedded under its contacting surface and encapsulated by a thin elastomeric surface membrane. Theoretical predictions on the pull-off force for pick-up and critical condition for non-contact printing agree well with experiments. Influences of geometrical parameters and material properties on the interfacial adhesion are systematically studied. These results may serve as the theoretical basis for adhesive optimization and provide guidelines for non-contact transfer printing, which is essential in applications of stretchable electronics and micro-LED displays.

The development of information technology which is increasingly advanced and developing rapidly has caused everyone to easily carry out various online transactions using electronic media without any limitations in space and time. With this progress, it creates new problems in electronic systems that cause leakage of personal data andconsumer privacy. Such as experienced by business company, PT. Toko Pedia. This approach focuses on examining literature materials such as statutory regulations and other relevant sources. This study examines how the legal relationship between consumers and PT. Toko Pedia as well as how the responsibilities of PT. Toko Pedia if there is a leak of personal data and consumer privacy. This study uses a normativejuridical approach. The results of this study are to provide an understanding of perotecting personal data and consumer privacy, the efforts if there is a leak of personal data and consumer privacy, the penalty and responsibilities that business company accept of leaking the consumer privacy and personal data.

In this paper, a high-performance inspection system for mixing grids of fuel assemblies is considered. The operating principle is based on the shadow measurement method. The developed telecentric lens with a large field of view (250 mm) makes it possible to obtain an image of the whole grid with a high degree of orthoscopicity in one frame. Algorithms for processing images of mixing grids for calculating their geometric parameters have been developed.

Currently, there is a trend of digital information processing in electronic weapons systems and military equipment. Software-controlled means of communication are being implemented. This requires new approaches in diagnosing them during maintenance, which are significantly different from the process of finding defects in analog tools. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of modern advances in technical diagnostics and metrology. The possibility of using special methods for assessing the technical condition of digital devices (energy-static, energy-dynamic, electromagnetic), both separately and in combination. This slightly increases the average recovery time, but significantly affects the achievement of the required value of a comprehensive indicator of product reliability - its readiness factor. For the first time, the possibility of classifying electronic systems as "absolutely reliable" due to the peculiarities of metrological and diagnostic software is considered. The influence of controlled variables on the value of the product readiness factor is investigated. Depending on the operating conditions of the repair body, the permissible values for the qualification of specialists (average time of inspection and troubleshooting), as well as for the metrological reliability of measuring equipment are justified. According to the results of research, an algorithm for providing the necessary values of reliability indicators of products, both during their design and during operation and recovery in military conditions. It is shown that the greatest influence on the value of the reliability of products has the training of specialists of the repair body, their ability to fully use the capabilities of modern measuring equipment. The article considers the possibility of using methods for diagnosing digital electronic systems and provides an assessment of the quality of diagnostic software for the reliability of systems as a whole.

PurposeValues of parameters such as temperature, humidity, number of plastic products and the location of plastic injection moulds are required to determine the efficiency of plastic injection moulds with a view to improving the quality of the outputs. This article determined the appropriate sensors for the measurement of these essential parameters in the most suitable form of representation of the data to aid a proficient analysis of the data.Design/methodology/approachThe outputs of these sensors were obtained by connecting the sensors to the general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins of a Raspberry Pi and writing a Python programme for the connected GPIO pins. The values of the outputs of these sensors were represented in a graphical form. The connection of the Raspberry Pi and the sensors were done with a full-sized breadboard and jumper wires. A computer-aided design (CAD) of the connections was produced using Fritzing software.FindingsThe appropriate sensors determined are MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor, DHT11 humidity sensor, pixy2 vision sensor and Neo-6m GPS sensor. This study proposed that the sensors analytic system be applied on an industrial plastic injection mould to measure and display the various parameters of the injection moulds for the purpose of understanding and improving the performance of the injection mouldOriginality/valueAn electronic system that provides the continuous values of essential parameters of a plastic injection mould in operation.

The main topic of the article is considered to be the automation of the rating approach. The model of the information system adaptable to automation and the system architecture are proposed in this article. The features of the system implementation are also discussed. The model and functions provide effective maintenance of the automation information system. The results of using the system are also given.

Many studies are undertaken into nuclear power plants (NPPs) in preparation for accidents exceeding design standards. In this paper, we analyze the applicability of various wireless communication technologies as accident countermeasures in different NPP environments. In particular, a commercial wireless communication module (WCM) is investigated by measuring leakage current and packet error rate (PER), which vary depending on the intensity of incident radiation on the module, by testing at a Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation facility. The experimental results show that the WCMs continued to operate after total doses of 940 and 1097 Gy, with PERs of 3.6% and 0.8%, when exposed to irradiation dose rates of 185 and 486 Gy/h, respectively. In short, the lower irradiation dose rate decreased the performance of WCMs more than the higher dose rate. In experiments comparing the two communication protocols of request/response and one-way, the WCMs survived up to 997 and 1177 Gy, with PERs of 2% and 0%, respectively. Since the request/response protocol uses both the transmitter and the receiver, while the one-way protocol uses only the transmitter, then the electronic system on the side of the receiver is more vulnerable to radiation effects. From our experiments, the tested module is expected to be used for design-based accidents (DBAs) of “Category A″ type, and has confirmed the possibility of using wireless communication systems in NPPs.

In-flight geometric calibration (further — calibration) is interpreted here as a procedure of making more preceise mutual attitude parameters of the onboard imaging camera and star tracker. The problem of calibration is solved with using of observations of geo-referenced landmarks from the orbit. A necessity of in-flight geometric calibration takes place for instance when initial data do not ensure acceptable accuracy of the ground objects geo-referencing by means of space snapshots received with use of optical-electronic complex, or when indefiniteness of camera’s angular attitude relatively to star tracker accumulates in a process of exploiting of the spacecraft on the orbit. The simulation of the calibration algorithms had shown their acceptable accuracy in combination with the contemporary star trackers. The tendency of improvement of onboard devices and gauges and increasing of their accuracy shows advisability of agreement of attainable accuracy of calculations while in-flight geometric calibration with accessible measuring accuracy. It concerns both properly calibration and geo-referencing of space snaps using results of calibration. In particular, it is interesting to consider how accuracy of calibration depends on accuracy of specific measurings and initial data. A main means of investigation is computer simulanion and analysis of its results. Immersing into the domain of calibration with very small measuring errors may essentially change correlation between the factors which influence the calibration accuracy. In particular, raising of the star trackers accuracy reduced a weight of the random errors of such devices in the complex of factors which aggravate results of calibration. In such a case it is necessary to take into account possible influence of omitted nonlinear effects and the other sources of disturbances on the estimations of camera and star tracker mutual attitude parameters. A method of exception of unfavourable nonlinearity errors is developed in this work. The method is based on two effects: high convergence characteristics of estimation algorithm — fuzzy state observer — and succession of iterative calculations. Such an approach diminishes influence of the ignored nonlinear component of the calibration error and improves the convergence of estimates. Methods of data processing are conformed with possibility to access very precise measurings. Computer simulation had showed good accuracy of algorithms of the in-flight geometric calibration and geo referencing in a combination with high-precise characteristics of used technical means.

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على تحديات التعليم عن بعد للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة البصرية خلال الأزمات من وجهة نظر معلميهم في مدارس جدة (جائحة کورونا (COVID-19) أنموذجا)، وللتعرف على الهدف العام للدراسة عرض الباحث الأهداف الفرعية التالية: التعرف على أهم التحديات التي تواجه الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة البصرية في استخدام التعليم عن بعد خلال الأزمات من وجهة نظر معلميهم في مدارس جدة، وتحديد الفروق بين استجابات معلمي الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة البصرية نحو تحديات استخدام التعليم عن بعد تعزى إلى متغيري المؤهل العلمي وعدد سنوات الخبرة في مدارس جدة، والتعرف على الحلول المقترحة التي يمکن استخدامها للتغلب على تحديات التعليم عن بعد للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة البصرية خلال الأزمات من وجهة نظر معلميهم في مدارس جدة. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لمناسبته لموضوع الدراسة، بالاستعانة بالاستبانة کأداة لجمع البيانات. کما تکونت عينة الدراسة من عدد (88) من معلمي الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة البصرية التابعين لبرامج الدمج بمدارس التعليم في مدينة جدة بالمملکة العربية السعودية. کما أوصت الدراسة بضرورة العمل على توفير التدريب الکافي لفرق الدعم التقني في الجامعات السعودية لتطوير الأنظمة والبرامج الإلکترونية لتتوافق مع طبيعة وخصائص الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة، والتعامل مع التحديات التي تواجههم أثناء استخدامها، وضرورة تقديم التدريب اللازم لأساتذة الجامعات السعودية حول طبيعة التعديلات اللازم إدراجها على المحتوى الإلکتروني في منصات التعليم عن بعد لدعم الوصول الکامل للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة. The present study aimed to identify the challenges of distance education for students with visual impairment during crises from the point of view of their teachers in Jeddah schools (Corona pandemic (COVID-19) as a model), and to identify the general objective of the study, the researcher presented the following sub-goals: Identify the most important challenges that Students with visual impairment face the use of distance education during crises from the point of view of their teachers in Jeddah schools, and the identification of differences between the responses of teachers of students with visual impairment towards the challenges of using distance education due to the variables of academic qualification and the number of years of experience in Jeddah schools, and identifying solutions The proposal that could be used to overcome the challenges of distance education for students with visual impairment during crises from the viewpoint of their teachers in Jeddah schools. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical method for its relevance to the subject of the study, using the questionnaire as a tool to collect data, and the study sample consisted of (88) teachers of students with visual impairment belonging to the integration programs in education schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study also recommended the need work to provide enough training for technical support teams in Saudi universities to develop electronic systems and programs to comply with the nature and characteristics of students with disabilities, dealing with the challenges they face while using it, and the necessity of providing the necessary training for professors Saudi universities about the nature of the amendments it is necessary to include it on electronic content on distance learning platforms to support full access for students with disabilities.