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Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD), 88, ISSN:1867-9323

La nouvelle loi sur l'instruction publique (LIP), adoptée le 17 septembre 2015, réaffirme et consolide les principes d'inclusion dans les finalités de l'école publique. Ainsi, l'expression « Ecole Inclusive » tend à remplacer le terme d' « intégration scolaire » pour designer la scolarité des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers, au sein des écoles publiques. Mais quelles sont les mobilisations individuelles, les dimensions relationnelles et les types de pratiques sollicitées pour répondre aux nouveaux principes d'inclusion ? Comment les familles et les acteurs du réseau pluridisciplinaire s'accordent-t-ils vraiment autour du projet d'inclusion ? Afin de dresser un bilan sur la situation Genevoise, cette recherche s'appuie sur une approche systémique et compréhensive. Au travers de témoignages, elle examine les dynamiques et les enjeux qui se jouent entre les familles, le réseau pluridisciplinaire et les instances publiques...

The Second International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition is organised by the Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) of Auvergne, of which INRA is a member, in collaboration with NuGO, European Association of universities and research institutes in the field of nutrigenomics; Obesity, which incidence dramatically increases, is an established risk factor for breastcancer in postmenopausal women with a higher risk of poor final outcome independently of tumorstage. Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue which surround normal or tumor mammary epithelialcells, could affect mammary tumorogenesis. Adipokines, whose plasma concentrations aremodulated in case of obesity, may have an impact on proliferation processes and tumorangiogenesis. In this context, the objective of this research project was to characterize the impact ofadipocyte secretions from obese or lean women on tumor proliferation and on the key steps ofangiogenesis, in order to better understand i) the influence of obesity on these two processes and ii)the dialogue between tumor cells and adipocytes.Mature adipocytes (MA) obtained from lean (MA20) or obese women (MA30) were cultured and theeffects of MA supernatants (Sn, Sn20 and Sn30 respectively) were evaluated in vitro on tumorproliferation (fluorescent resazurin test) and on different steps of angiogenesis (proliferation,migration and endothelial tube formation by endothelial cells HUVEC). The influence of Sn obtainedfrom co-cultures between MA20 or MA 30 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7 (respectively Sn7/20and Sn7/30) was also investigated on angiogenic process.Our preliminary results showed that the proliferation of MCF-7 was more increased in the presenceof Sn30 (50% vs. Control (T), p

National audience; More than one million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year worldwide and more than 400,000 deaths occur due to this pathology. Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and the place held by the adipose tissue and secretions (i.e. adipokines) begins to be recognized. Indeed, firstly, plasma adipokine levels, modulated in obesity situation, could have effects "remotely" on mammary carcinogenesis and, secondly, breast cancer cells are surrounded by adipocyte microenvironment, which is probably more important in the case of obesity, and may be locally influenced by it. In this context, leptin appears to be strongly involved in mammary carcinogenesis and may contribute to the angiogenesis process and local pro-inflammatory mechanisms, especially in obese patients for whom increased metastatic potential and risk of mortality are described. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

International audience; Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and vascular-disrupting agents (VDA) each have their advantages in the treatment of solid tumors, but also present drawbacks. In PDT, hypoxia at the center of the tumor limits conversion of molecular oxygen into singlet oxygen, while VDAs are deficient at affecting the rim of the tumor. A phthalocyanine-chalcone conjugate combining the VDA properties of chalcones with the PDT properties of phthalocyanines was designed to address these deficiencies. Its vascular targeting, photophysical, photochemical, photodynamic activities are reported herein.

Document Type : Book Chapter; International audience; Obesity is a recognized breast cancer risk factor in postmenopausal women. A recent hypothesis suggests a major role for adipose tissue in carcinogenesis. During many years, the adipose tissue was only considered as a fat storage of energy. This tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a large range of molecules called adipokines. Among these adipokines, adiponectin may play a major role in breast cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels were found to be decreased in cases of breast cancer and in obese patients. Adiponectin may act directly on breast cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation and angiogenesis or by stimulating apoptosis. Increasing adiponectin levels may be of major importance in the prevention and/or the treatment of breast cancer. This therapeutic approach may be of particular significance for obese patients. The beneficial effects of adiponectin and its possible therapeutic applications will be discussed in this review.

Cardiovascular events are the major cause of death in France. Among the known risk factors, lipid intake is of growing interest, saturated fatty acids being too much consumed, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids not enough. The aim of this PhD study is to design a spread with a lipid profile that can improve the whole lipid intake, and with cardiovascular events prevention as main goal.Four studies were conducted regarding this issue. Following the design of the optimal fatty acid profile for the product, it appeared necessary to study the solid phase recipe impact on the product texture, to achieve both nutritional and technological restrains.The design of the liquid phase recipe generated a study on the development of deleterious volatile compounds following the addition of a high proportion of fish oil in the formula. This work highlighted two phenomena linked to the emission of these molecules, one related to lipid oxidation, and the other to a contact with water.A technology of microencapsulation, which is original because of its production process and aim, was designed to ensure the protection of the active nutrients in the product matrix.Finally, a bioavailability study in rats showed that this food product is a powerful way of providing these nutrients. Incorporated in such a matrix, these molecules modified the lipid profile of the circulating and cerebral cells membrane, potentially improving the inflammatory and clotting status of the animals; Les accidents cardio-vasculaires représentent la première cause de décès en France. Parmi les facteurs de risque de ces pathologies figure la structure de l’apport lipidique, excédentaire en acides gras saturés, et déficitaire en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3. L’objectif de cette thèse est la mise au point d’un corps gras alimentaire, dont le profil lipidique permet de participer au rééquilibrage des apports en acides gras, avec comme cible la prévention des maladies cardio-vasculaires.Quatre études ont été réalisées pour répondre à cette problématique. Après la mise au point du profil en acides gras optimal, l’impact de la formulation de la phase concrète sur la texture du produit a été étudié afin de concilier les exigences nutritionnelles et les contraintes techniques de sa fabrication et de sa conservation.La mise au point de la formulation de la phase fluide a engendré une étude sur le développement de composés volatils délétères suite à l’addition d’une proportion importante d’huile de poisson dans la formule. Ce travail a mis en évidence deux phénomènes liés au dégagement de ces molécules, l’un attribué à l’oxydation des lipides, l’autre au contact avec l’eau.Le besoin de protéger les nutriments d’intérêt dans la matrice alimentaire a conduit à la mise au point d’une technologie de microencapsulation, originale de par son procédé de fabrication et sa finalité.Enfin, une étude de la biodisponibilité chez l’animal a montré que ce produit alimentaire est un vecteur efficace de ces nutriments d’intérêt que sont les acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaîne. Apportés dans une telle matrice, ces composés ont modifié le profil lipidique des cellules circulantes et cérébrales, ce qui permet potentiellement d’améliorer le statut inflammatoire et coagulant des animaux

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are used in several indications for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic events. As highlighted by data from clinical trials and case studies, all DOAC carry the risk of bleeding despite careful selection and patient management. Previous publications have demonstrated the limited knowledge of many physicians concerning the indications for, and correct management of, these anticoagulants. Health institutions should develop risk minimisation strategies and educational materials to prevent major adverse events related to DOAC administration. Major bleeding events are reported in clinical practice and specific antidotes are emerging from Phase III trials. Some antidotes are licensed but their high cost might limit routine use. We therefore illustrate approaches and tools that can help physicians prescribe DOAC appropriately. We focus on screening for modifiable bleeding risk factors and adapting doses according to the individual benefit-risk profile. We also provide recommendations on managing a missed dose, switching, bridging, and resumption.