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Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is a medicinal herb. Its root has a high content of volatile oil (BSVO), which shows a variety of biological activities. Currently, BSVO in the injectable form is used for treating fever in humans and livestock. The yield and quality of volatile oils depends on the developmental stages of plants. However, the changes in BSVO yield and quality during root development in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This knowledge gap is limiting the improvement in the quality of BSVO. In the present study, B. scorzonerifolium root was collected at germinative, vegetative, florescence, fruiting and defoliating stages. The yield of BSVO, metabolic profile of volatile components and transcriptome of root samples at various developmental stages were comprehensively determined and compared. BSVO continuously accumulated from the germinative to fruiting stages, and its level slightly decreased from the fruiting to defoliating stages. A total of 82 volatile components were detected from B. scorzonerifolium root, of which 22 volatiles were identified as differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) during the root development. Of these volatiles, fatty acids and their derivatives accounted for the largest proportion. The contents of most major volatiles were highest at the fruiting stage. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during B. scorzonerifolium root development, of which 65 DEGs encoded various enzymes and transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives. In further analysis, 42 DEGs were identified to be significantly correlated with DAMs, and these DEGs may be the key genes for the biosynthesis of volatiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively report the changes in the composition and content of volatiles and underlying mechanism during B. scorzonerifolium root development. This study provided important reference for future studies to determine the harvest time of B. scorzonerifolium roots and improve the quality of BSVO.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought more attention to the immune system, the body’s defense against infectious diseases. The immunomodulatory ability of traditional herbal medicine has been confirmed through clinical trial research, and has obvious advantages over prescription drugs due to its high number of potential targets and low toxicity. The active compounds of herbal drugs primarily include polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics and can be modified to produce new active compounds after lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. LAB, primary source of probiotics, can produce additional immunomodulatory metabolites such as exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and bacteriocins. Moreover, several compounds from herbal medicines can promote the growth and production of LAB-based immune active metabolites. Thus, LAB-mediated fermentation of herbal medicines has become a novel strategy for regulating human immune responses. The current review discusses the immunomodulatory properties and active compounds of LAB fermented herbal drugs, the interaction between LAB and herbal medicines, and changes in immunoregulatory components that occur during fermentation. This study also discusses the mechanisms by which LAB-fermented herbal medicines regulate the immune response, including activation of the innate or adaptive immune system and the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis.

Previous research mostly used simplistic measures and limited linguistic features (e.g., personal pronouns, absolutist words, and sentiment words) in a text to identify its author’s psychological states. In this study, we proposed using additional linguistic features, that is, sentiments polarities and emotions, to classify texts of various psychological states. A large dataset of forum posts including texts of anxiety, depression, suicide ideation, and normal states were experimented with machine-learning algorithms. The results showed that the proposed linguistic features with machine-learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine and Deep Learning achieved a high level of performance in the detection of psychological state. The study represents one of the first attempts that uses sentiment polarities and emotions to detect texts of psychological states, and the findings may contribute to our understanding of how accuracy may be enhanced in the detection of various psychological states. Significance and suggestions of the study are also offered.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) and quick response (QR) codes are an effective way to identify traceable resource units (TRUs) and are widely applied in traceability systems. TRU transformation is common for things such as beef segmentation and wheat-flour packaging. The present study describes the development and testing of equipment for barcode-RFID bidirectional transformation to improve traceability by conserving identification association and information correspondence while transforming barcodes to RFID and vice versa. The framework of traceable bidirectional identification labels is based on comparing the features of RFID and barcodes and on analyzing TRU transformation. The proposed equipment includes a tactile industrial controller, a RFID-reader module, an embedded printing module, and a barcode scanning module. Furthermore, we develop the main functions of RFID-barcode conversion, bar-code-RFID conversion, and condition monitoring. The system is tested in field experiments based on two typical scenarios: beef segmentation and wheat-flour packaging. The average conversion success rate in RFID-barcode processing is 97%, and in barcode-RFID processing is 93.48%. The proposed equipment is more rapid than the reference method: 3.2 versus 8.7 s for RFID-barcode transformation and 10.5 versus 13.3 s for barcode-RFID transformation. In addition, the proposed equipment is less expensive than the conventional equipment. Test results indicate that continuous traceability is improved because identification association and information correspondence are conserved after TRU transformation.

To solve the problem of amplicon sequencing cannot discern the microbiota absolute abundance, we proposed a gradient internal standard absolute quantification method. We used Chinese liquor fermentation as a model system to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the method., High-throughput amplicon sequencing is a critical tool for studying microbiota; however, it results only in relative abundance data. Thus, changes in absolute abundance of microbiota cannot be determined, which hinders further microbiology research. We have therefore established a gradient internal standard absolute quantification (GIS-AQ) method to overcome this issue, which can simultaneously obtain the absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi. Deviations from the quantitative equations of microbes and internal standards were eliminated through calibration. Compared with traditional quantitative real-time PCR and microscopy quantifications, this method is reliable (R2average = 0.998; P 0.05). The GIS-AQ method can be adapted to any amplicon primer choice (e.g., 336F/806R and ITS3/ITS4), rendering it applicable to ecosystem studies including food, soil, and water samples. Crucially, when using solid-state fermentation samples from various temporal dimensions, the results obtained from the relative and absolute abundance are different. The absolute abundance can be used to study the difference in communities between different samples, and the GIS-AQ method allows this to be done rapidly. Therefore, combining the absolute abundance with relative abundance can accurately reflect the microbiota composition. IMPORTANCE To solve the problem of amplicon sequencing cannot discern the microbiota absolute abundance, we proposed a gradient internal standard absolute quantification method. We used Chinese liquor fermentation as a model system to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the method. By comparing the relative and absolute abundances of microbiota in various temporal dimensions, we found dynamic changes in the absolute abundance of communities under various temporal dimensions from the relative abundance. Based on its design principle, this method can be widely applied to different ecosystems. Therefore, we believe that the GIS-AQ method can play an immeasurably useful role in microbiological research.

This paper proposes a distributed battery management system (BMS) to meet the reliability design requirements. The proposed BMS consist of two parts that is the main control module and the sampling module. The reliability and electromagnetic compatibility design of these two modules are presented. In addition, the state of health (SOH) estimation of the two modules is analysed. A reliability test platform is developed and the test results show that the proposed BMS has high reliability.

Logistics and storage is the main processing for agro-food supply chain. Because of disconnection information between the two processing, it is difficult to trace continuously. An intelligent conveyer belt provides an effective method to associate storage and logistics by QR code scanning and information recording. Improving the QR code readability in movement state is the core of implementing continuous chain traceability with this belt. In this paper, a intelligent conveyer belt including automatic conveyer unit, barcode scanning unit, fault remove unit and control display unit was designed. Four factors affected QR readability were selected and the value range was confirmed, which was reading distance, code size, coded characters and belt moving speed. Based on the belt, an Central Composite Inscribed (CCI) experiment of four factors with five levels was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimal reading parameters. The result shows that the main factors of reading distance, belt moving speed and the interaction between reading distance and code size have the significant effect on QR code readability. Under the optimization condition of 141.45 mm reading distance, 34.58 mm code size, 100 bytes coded characters and 2.98 m/min belt moving speed, the average value of QR code readability was 95%. With the optimization parameters, the intelligent conveyer belt was used in an apple marketing enterprise. The result shows that the continuous traceability between storage and logistic can be implemented with the extended breadth, deepened depth and improved precision.

The main content of this paper is the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission technology, using the full bridge high-frequency inverter circuit structure, which including high-frequency inverter circuit, control circuit and transmitting and receiving coils. The principle of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission technology is studied, at the same time, the transmission power, transmission distance and transmission efficiency of wireless power transmission are optimized.

This paper establishes a mutual inductance circuit model for the wireless power transmission (WPT) system, analyzes the impedance characteristics of the circuit, and takes the series compensation topology as the research object, analyzes the characteristics of the load power and transmission efficiency, and calculates and analyzes the mechanism of the eddy effect on the transmission of the resonant frequency of the underwater WPT, and designs the underwater WPT test circuit platform, in accordance with the optimized scheme, is realized about the distance 5cm, and the power is lkW underwater WPT. It provides theoretical guidance for the design and experiment of the WPT system.

In this paper, a set of near space solar cell accurate test system is designed. The system includes high-altitude scientific balloon, solar tracking mechanism and solar cell high-precision acquisition equipment. This paper solved the problem of high accuracy acquisition of solar tracking control system for high-altitude balloon solar cell test in extreme environment, Continuous tracking and anti-shake and other key technical issues. The paper achieved near space I-V curve measurement for the first time, and the initial analysis of the system test results are reasonable, reliable and stable. The paper work provides a new idea and solution for our country near space solar cells accurate measurement.

Long endurance power aerostat in the field of communication and remote sensing has broad prospects and development potential, is the current research hotspot, and it's energy comes from solar cells during the day and from storage batteries during the night. Due to the current solar cells conversion efficiency is low and the storage batteries energy density is not high, causing the aerostat energy tight, therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the energy controller in order to improve the energy utilization of solar cells and storage batteries. Compared with other stacked boost converters, HE-boost converter has the advantages of low loss, high efficiency, low current stress and high reliability, but there are few researches on HE-Boost circuits in current literature search. This paper aims to analysis the performance of the SBC in terms of current characteristics, input and output voltage relationship, transfer function of the main circuit. To achieve the goal of the study, a small-signal circuit model is designed and simulated through the Bode diagram. In addition, the system stability margin is examined based on the current inner ring and voltage out ring transfer functions. Experimental tests proof it has a good stability and good dynamic performances. Furthermore, the efficiency of the converter reaches more than 96%.

Radar bias estimation is an important part of a multisensor tracking system. Because the radar bias models in current efforts are not sufficiently accurate, the bias estimation accuracy is not satisfied. First, a general radar bias model, in which the importance of the sensor-target pair-related bias is emphasized, is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the target-sensor pair-related bias is considered on the grounds of the impact of atmospheric refraction on the electromagnetic wave propagation path. Second, by using the augmented state vector with the target state and radar bias, a dynamic equation and measurement equation under the IMM framework are obtained. Last, the IMM-UKF estimator is utilized to obtain the target state and radar bias simultaneously. The numerical simulations show that the accuracy of the bias estimation together with the target states estimation can be improved via the proposed radar bias model.

An unprecedented new skeleton compound (1R, 10R, 11S)-10,11-dimethyl-4-formyl-2,9-dioxa-bicyclo [5.4.0] undeca-4,6-dien-3-one (1), monoterpenoids and monoterpene glycoside picrocrocinic ester (2), epijasminoside B (3) and 6′-O-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyl-coumaroyl)-epijasminoside B (4), along with 26 known compounds, were obtained from Zhuyeqing Liquor. These compounds were identified mainly by analyzing their NMR, HR-ESI–MS and CD data. The isolated compounds were screened against alcohol induced HepaG 2 toxicity for hepatoprotective assay. Compounds 10, 19, 21 and 26 displayed the highest potency against alcohol induced HepaG 2 toxicity with the cell viability ratio 41.21, 56.91, 67.69 and 70.32 % respectively.

Four new compounds methyl-6-(6-(3,4-dimethoxy)-benzalacryloyl-β- d -glucosyl)-O-β- d -glucopyranoside (1), (5R)-(2E)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-hepta-2-ene-1,6-dione (2), 6″-O-trans-p-methoxy-coumaroyl genipin gentiobioside (3), and 7-methoxy-isobiflorin (4), along with 57 known compounds, were obtained from Zhuyeqing Liquor. These compounds were identified mainly by analyzing their NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. The anti-inflammatory activity of all these isolates against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated and compounds 1–61 exhibited various degrees in the anti-inflammatory activities screen. Among them, compounds 24, 26, 43 and 44 showed the best anti-inflammatory activities with the NO inhibition ratio 56.93%, 66.03%, 50.17% and 55.45%, respectively. It seems that all isolates were not active at less than 50 μM.

Lithium-ion battery has become one of the key components of energy system of stratospheric airships for its long service life, higher energy and power density. However, battery ageing always occurs during operation and leads to performance degradation and system fault which not only causes inconvenience, but also risks serious consequences such as thermal runaway or even explosion. So it is necessary for users to obtain the time left before the battery loses its operation ability. This paper uses model-based approach to estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of the battery used in stratospheric airship. The acquisition dataset containing voltages and currents is firstly processed by subspace identification method, and then an equivalent circuit model is set up. The values of capacitances and resistances within the circuit are identified to indicate the battery's degradation in capacity and internal resistance.

Objective to observethe clinical effect of electroacupuncture with different frequency in the treatment of hemidysesthesia after stroke. Methods Sixty patients with hemidysesthesia after stroke were randomly divided into treatment group and control groups, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with electroacupuncture with the same acupoint selection. The electroacupuncture frequency was 100 Hz in the treatment group and 1 Hz in the control group. The clinical effficacy of the two groups was observed after 30 days of treatment. Results The total effective rate and the recovery rate of the treatment group were 93.3% and 80.0%, respectively, and the control group were 86.0% and 43.3%, respectively The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). And the difference in the recovery rate between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There were was a statistically significant differences in the scores of limb dysesthesia score between the two groups after treatment and before treatment (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in the limb dysesthesia score after treatment between the treatment group and control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Electroacupuncture is an effective method to treat poststroke hemidysesthesia. High frequency electroacupuncture is more obvious than low frequency electroacupuncture.

The fractional-order equation which describes the attitude motion of a perturbed rigid spacecraft is studied. The chaotic characteristic is found from the fractional-order equation by selecting suitable parameter matrixes of perturbed torque. First, based on the fractional theory of stability and nonlinear dynamic theory, the nonlinear control moment and parameter identification rules are designed. And by the nonlinear control moment the chaotic synchronization that attitude of spacecraft with uncertain parameters are realized. At the same time, the uncertain parameters are identified. Second, based on the fractional-order theory of stability the synchronization is proved strictly in mathematics. Finally, by the Predictor-Corrector scheme numerical simulation, the validity of the presented method is verified.

Purpose: to observe whether weight reduction through aerobic exercise is more effective with the intervention of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) Acupoint stimulation. Method: based on the need of this study, we choose 48 young and middle-aged obese patients and randomly divide them into Experimental Group and Control Group with each group consisting of 24 of them. The Control Group has an aerobic endurance running each day with each running lasting for about 45 minutes and covering about 6 KM; the Experimental Group has the same exercise as the CG, but, after their running, stimulation by electromagnetic pulse meter is given to their Sanyinjiao Acupoint and Zushanli Acupoint. Then the content of body fat and the lipid indexes of the two groups before the treatment are compared with their counterparts after the said treatment. Result: after 6 weeks of treatment, the various indexes of the two groups are improved to different degrees (P0.05). Conclusion: after 6 weeks of treatment, the intervention of EMP acupoint stimulation can more evidently improve the lipid indexes than it has done to the group only having aerobic exercise; but it has little effect in terms of the improvement of the body fat content, which may be because of the short time of such intervention.

Background Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) is a famous traditional Chinese functional liquor. For quality control of ZYQL products, quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was undertaken. Methods Eighteen compounds from ZYQL were simultaneously detected and used as chemical markers in the quantitative analysis, including 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (M1), isobiflorin (M2), vanillic acid (M3), biflorin (M4), genipin 1-O-β-d-gentiobioside (M5), 1-sinapoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (M6), geniposide (M7), epijasmnoside A (M8), ferulic acid (M9), luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (M10), isoorientin (M11), narirutin (M12), hesperidin (M13), 6′-O-sinapoylgeniposide (M14), 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′,7,8-tetramethoxyl flavones (M15), 3′,4′,3,5,6,8-hexamethoxyl flavone (M16), kaempferide (M17), and tangeretin (M18). Results The separation by gradient elution was achieved on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with methanol (A)/0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelengths were 254, 278, and 335 nm. The optimized HPLC method provided a good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9991 for all the target compounds), satisfactory precision (RSD values less than 1.47%) and good recovery (97.40% to 103.44%). The limits of detection ranged between 0.20 × 10−4 and 64.90 × 10−4 μg/μL for the different analytes. Furthermore, the optimum sample preparation was obtained from HPD100 column eluted with water and 95% ethanol, respectively. Conclusions Quality control of ZYQL products, in total seven samples and twelve parent plants, was examined by this method, and results confirmed its feasibility and reliability in practice.

The agricultural products' production link, the production antecedents data is the foundation of the traceability system. In the process of agricultural products' production antecedents acquisition, according to the fact that the single acquisition method, the low collection efficiency, and the antecedents data was easy to tamper. This paper designs an agricultural products' production antecedents acquisition terminal based on Hi3511 and 3G technology. The terminal equipment can be realized agricultural products' production multimedia production antecedents data Acquisition of text, picture and video format. The result of using it in practice indicates that the equipment can meet the requirement of real-time and multi-source production antecedents acquisition.

In this paper, based on face recognition, the core algorithm is studied, which was applied in Access Control System. This algorithm carries on the Fisher and PCA transformation in the face image, which the main characteristic vector of the PCA is fused to form a new one that is taken as the distinction standard. By means of ORL and Yale face database, the recognition rate is up to 91.5% and 96.7%, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed face recognition algorithm and its insensitivity to the facial expression, illumination and posture are shown in terms of both the absolute performance indices and the comparative performance against some popular face recognition schemes.

It is analyzed the characteristics and developing direction of F-P fiber optic sensor signal acquisition system, in this paper. And based on ARM core microprocessor and the open source Linux operating system for embedded system, it proposed a development idea of fiber optic sensor signal acquisition system based on embedded system, and as well as into the technique and approach of related embedded system hardware and software design. The system designed in this paper provides the characteristics of low cost and strong processing ability while the electronic unit is simple and reliable.

Support Vector Machine (SVM) was a new and outstanding machine learning as an efficient machine learning tool in dealing with small samples. In this paper, an new automatic eye position algorithm based on SVM is introduced, which is fast and accurate and the eyeball’s center position velocity is only 1 second. The position accuracy is up to 95 percent and average position error is about 3 pixels. Compare to existing eye localization algorithm, the algorithm mentioned in this paper is simple and easy to implement for position. The experimental results show that this new method is satisfying in accuracy of the automatic eye position, and using this algorithm, the position velocity is faster and position accuracy is higher than other eye position algorithm.

Background Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL), a well-known Chinese traditional health liquor, has various biological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoenhancement and cardiovascular protective effects. Methods The protective effects of Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) on the immune function was investigated in vivo in normal healthy mice and immunosuppressed mice treated with Cyclophosphamide (Cy, 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection on days 4, 8 and 12. ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered via gavage daily for 14 days. The phagocytotic function of mononuclear phagocytic system was detected with carbon clearance methods, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in serum were detected with Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immune organs were weighed and organ indexes (organ weight/body weight) of thymus and spleen were calculated. Meanwhile, the activity of lysozyme (LSZ) in serum and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) in spleen tissue were measured. Results ZYQL significantly upgrades the K value for clearance of carbon particles in normal mice treated with ZYQL (400 mg/kg) and immunosuppressed mice treated with ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) together with Cy (100 mg/kg) in vivo. The treatment of ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) effectively increased the activity of serum lysozyme as well as promoted the serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in normal mice and immunosuppressed mice. Furthermore, ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) had an antioxidant effects in immune system by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in vivo. In addition, ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) effectively elevated the Cy-induced decreased organ index (thymus and spleen). Conclusions The present work shows that the dose-dependent administration of ZYQL is capable of influencing immune responses, which implying that its valuable functional health may be attributed partly to its protective effects for the immune function.

The study first evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Animals were administered orally with 50% alcohol 12 ml/kg at 4 h after the doses of ZYQL everyday for fourteen consecutive days except mice in normal group. The protective effect was evaluated by biochemical parameters including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), total-bilirubin (TBIL) and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. The result were confirmed histopathologically and the expression of TNF-α in mice liver was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. HPLC-PDA was used for phytochemical analysis of ZYQL, and the plant source of each compound was claritied by UPLC-TOF-MS. The result showed that pretreatment with ZYQL exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in a dose depended manner. HPLC analysis indicated that ZYQL contained flavonoids, iridoids, terpenoids and phenolic acids, which might be the active chemicals. This study demonstrated the hepatoprotective activity of ZYQL, thus scientifically supported the function of its health care.