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1. A study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Tibetan yak herders with respect to brucellosis

Author

Dor J Jiumei, Cai W Gongjue, Dun Z Yundan, Dor J Ciren, Jiang Y Zeng, Ian D. Robertson, and Qiong Pu

Subjects
Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health (social science), Cross-sectional study, 030231 tropical medicine, Tibet, Brucellosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Animal Husbandry, Socioeconomics, Production system, business.industry, Risk of infection, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public health education, General Medicine, YAK, Animal husbandry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Geography, Cross-Sectional Studies, Livestock, Cattle, Female, business
Abstract

Background Little information is available regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the owners of yaks in Tibet with respect to brucellosis. Methods This manuscript reports on the results of a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire investigating the KAP of 317 yak herders from 34 villages in the three main yak-rearing counties of Maizhokunggar, Damxung and Yadong from April to August 2015. Results Although 60.6% of the respondents had heard of brucellosis, there was an overall low level of knowledge about the disease. Herders did, however, adopt management/husbandry practices which would reduce transmission of the disease to humans and other animals. Multivariable logistic modelling showed that a better knowledge was predicted by age, production system adopted, education level and number of people in a household. Differences in attitudes and practices were predicted by education level, production system and household size. Conclusions In order to increase the awareness of herders on brucellosis and to reduce the risk of infection in both humans and other animals, public health education campaigns should be developed and offered to livestock owners in Tibet.

Published
2017

2. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing

Author

Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., Yamada, Takuji, Mende, D. R., Li, J., Xu, J., Li, S., Li, D., Cao, J., Wang, B., Liang, H., Zheng, H., Xie, Y., Tap, J., Lepage, P., Bertalan, M., Batto, J. M., Hansen, T., Le Paslier, D., Linneberg, A., Nielsen, H. B., Pelletier, E., Renault, P., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Turner, K., Zhu, H., Yu, C., Jian, M., Zhou, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Qin, N., Yang, H., Wang, J., Brunak, S., Dor�, J., Guarner, F., Kristiansen, K., Pedersen, O., Parkhill, J., Weissenbach, J., Bork, P., Ehrlich, S. D., Consortium, MetaHIT, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Hagedorn Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Software Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), Genome Research Institute, Shenzhen University Medical School, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, MetaHIT Consortium, European Project: 201052,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,METAHIT(2008), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Hospital Universitari Val d'Hebron, CIBERehd, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, MetaGenoPolis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
intestinal microbiota, Adult, Denmark, Genomics, Bacterial genome size, Biology, Genome, Microbiology, diversity, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Contig Mapping, Feces, Open Reading Frames, Microbiologie, Humans, Obesity, fermentation, 030304 developmental biology, Inner mucus layer, VLAG, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Genes, Essential, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, 16s ribosomal-rna, Human microbiome, alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Overweight, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, communities, Gastrointestinal Tract, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, host, Metagenomics, Genes, Bacterial, Health, Spain, networks, Metagenome, Enterotype, environment, Genome, Bacterial, Human Microbiome Project
Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2010-Mar-4 To understand the impact of gut microbes on human health and well-being it is crucial to assess their genetic potential. Here we describe the Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals. The gene set, approximately 150 times larger than the human gene complement, contains an overwhelming majority of the prevalent (more frequent) microbial genes of the cohort and probably includes a large proportion of the prevalent human intestinal microbial genes. The genes are largely shared among individuals of the cohort. Over 99% of the genes are bacterial, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species, which are also largely shared. We define and describe the minimal gut metagenome and the minimal gut bacterial genome in terms of functions present in all individuals and most bacteria, respectively.

Published
2010

3. Buffet Characterization and Control for Turbulent Wings

Author

Dandois, J., Molton, P., Lepage, A., Geeraert, A., Brunet, V., Dor, J.-B., Coustols, E., ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Meudon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, and André, Cécile

Subjects
OSCILLATION PRESSION PAROI, ORIGINE INSTABILITE, CARACTERISATION CONTROLE TREMBLEMENT, ESSAI SOUFFLERIE, ACTIF, GENERATEUR TOURBILLON PASSIF, [SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], CONFIGURATION 3D, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the work performed at Onera over the last decade on the characterization and control of the buffet phenomenon. This aerodynamic instability induces strong wall pressure fluctuations and as such limits aircraft envelope, consequently it is interesting to understand the origin of this instability and to try to delay its onset, in order to improve aircraft performance, but also to provide more flexibility during the design phase. First, results from wind tunnel tests on 2D airfoils are presented to explain the 2D buffet phenomenon and since it is used as validation test case for numerical simulations. Then, results from several wind tunnel tests on a 3D configuration are presented. The 3D buffet phenomenon is characterized using steady and unsteady wall pressure measurements and LDV. Then, several types of flow control have been investigated, either passive (mechanical vortex generators) or active (fluidic VGs, fluidic trailing-edge device (TED)). It is shown than mechanical and fluidic VGs are able to delay buffet onset in the angle-of-attack domain by suppressing the separation downstream of the shock. The effect of the fluidic TED is different, the separation is not suppressed but the rear wing loading is increased and consequently the buffet onset is not delayed in the angle-of-attack domain, but only in the lift domain. Closed-loop control of the fluidic VGs is also investigated, to adapt the mass flow rate to the aerodynamic conditions., Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 6, June 2013; ISSN: 2107-6596

Published
2013

4. Flow Control: the Renewal of Aerodynamics?

Author

Garnier, Eric, Dandois, J., Molton, P., Lepage, A., Geeraert, A., Brunet, V., Dor, J.-B., Coustols, E., Kurz, A., Grundmann, S., Tropea, C., Forte, M., Seraudie, A., Vermeersch, O., Arnal, D., Goldin, N., King, R., Ternoy, F., David, F., Pruvost, M., Le Pape, A., Lienard, C., Bailly, J., Verbeke, C., Pamart, P.-Y., Sipp, D., Schmid, P., Yamouni, S., Mettot, C., Jacquin, L., Marty, J., Castillon, L., Boniface, J.-C., Burguburu, S., Godard, A., Caruana, D., Rogier, F., Dufour, G., Gleyzes, C., Yehoshua, T., Seifert, A., Ciobaca, V., and Wild, J.

Abstract

Current airframes being already highly optimized nowadays, further aerodynamic performance improvements may only be reached by the implementation of flow manipulation techniques. The sixth issue of Aerospace Lab Journal is aimed at providing the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current developments of these methods. The papers presented successively review main aspects of flow control, both from the point of view of technology and that of the applications. Technologies consist not only in fluidic and plasma actuator development, but also in the specific know-how relative to closed-loop algorithms, reduced order models and actuator effect on the flow. Additionally, the potential of flow control techniques is presented on civil aircraft (both for low speed and cruise conditions), helicopters and turbomachinery applications., Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 6, June 2013; ISSN: 2107-6596

Published
2013
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5. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome

Author

Arumugam, M., Raes, J., Pelletier, E., Le Paslier, D., Yamada, Takuji, Mende, D. R., Fernandes, G. R., Tap, J., Bruls, T., Batto, J. M., Bertalan, M., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., Fernandez, L., Gautier, L., Hansen, T., Hattori, M., Hayashi, T., Kleerebezem, M., Kurokawa, K., Leclerc, M., Levenez, F., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, H. B., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Poulain, J., Qin, J., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Tims, S., Torrents, D., Ugarte, E., Zoetendal, E. G., Wang, J., Guarner, F., Pedersen, O., de Vos, W. M., Brunak, S., Dor�, J., Antol匤, M., Artiguenave, F., Blottiere, H. M., Almeida, M., Brechot, C., Cara, C., Chervaux, C., Cultrone, A., Delorme, C., Denariaz, G., Dervyn, R., Foerstner, K. U., Friss, C., van de Guchte, M., Guedon, E., Haimet, F., Huber, W., van Hylckama-Vlieg, J., Jamet, A., Juste, C., Kaci, G., Knol, J., Lakhdari, O., Layec, S., Le Roux, K., Maguin, E., M駻ieux, A., Melo Minardi, R., M'rini, C., Muller, J., Oozeer, R., Parkhill, J., Renault, P., Rescigno, M., Sanchez, N., Sunagawa, S., Torrejon, A., Turner, K., Vandemeulebrouck, G., Varela, E., Winogradsky, Y., Zeller, G., Weissenbach, J., Ehrlich, S. D., Bork, P., Consortium, MetaHIT, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal (MIHA), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Centre Interlangues - Texte, Image, Langage (TIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Hagedorn Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), NIZO [Ede, Netherlands], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP), Novo Nordisk Foundation, International Science and Technology Cooperation Project in China [0806], Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Institute for the encouragement of Scientific Research and Innovation of Brussels (ISRIB), Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), European Project: 201052,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,METAHIT(2008), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, NIZO FOOD RESEARCH (NIZO), Nizo food research, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, intestinal microbiota, catalog, obesity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], pathways, Biodiversity, Biology, Microbiology, Article, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Human gut, mucin, Phylogenetics, Microbiologie, Humans, bacterial, Microbiome, genes, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, VLAG, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, metagenomics, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, colon, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Ecology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Europe, Intestines, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Evolutionary biology, Metagenomics, Metagenome, Enterotype, Biological Markers, Female, Biomarkers, Human Microbiome Project
Abstract

International audience; Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

Published
2011

10. High concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin B in ovarian serous cystadenoma: relationship with oestradiol and nitric oxide metabolites

Author

Jehoshua Dor, Fernando M. Reis, Giuseppe Bifulco, A. Faletti, Stefano Luisi, Sabina Cauci, Felice Petraglia, Franco Quadrifoglio, Reis, Fm, Faletti, A, Luisi, S, Bifulco, Giuseppe, Cauci, S, Quadrifoglio, F, Dor, J, and Petraglia, F.

Subjects
endocrine system, Embryology, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.drug_class, Ovary, Biology, Nitric Oxide, Nitric oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, nitric, Genetics, medicine, inhibin, Humans, Inhibins, Cyst, Molecular Biology, Nitrites, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ovarian Neoplasms, Nitrates, Estradiol, Ovarian serous cystadenoma, Cystadenoma, Serous, Prostatic Secretory Proteins, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Serous Cystadenoma, Follicular fluid, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, oxide/estrogen, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, chemistry, Estrogen, Cystadenoma, ovary, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Inhibin production has been demonstrated in malignant epithelial ovarian tumours, but secretion of inhibins by benign cystadenoma has not yet been reported. The present study evaluated the concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin B and the relationship with oestradiol and nitric oxide metabolites in fluid collected from benign ovarian serous cystadenomas (n = 15). In addition, follicular fluid samples (n = 14) from women with regular ovulatory cycles undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF were studied as a reference group. High concentrations of inhibin A (median = 89.3 ng/ml) and inhibin B (median = 116.1 ng/ml) were found in the cystic fluid of ovarian serous cystadenomas. These inhibin concentrations were even higher than in follicular fluid of stimulated follicles (inhibins A and B = 41.2 and 46.8 ng/ml respectively; P: < 0.001), whereas oestradiol was approximately 18-fold lower in cystic fluid than in follicular fluid (median = 34 versus 622 pg/ml, P: < 0.001). In ovarian cysts, the concentrations of inhibin A and oestradiol were inversely correlated (r = -0.678, P: = 0.008). Cystic fluid samples containing the highest concentrations of NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) (45-60 micromol/l) had lower inhibin A and higher oestradiol concentrations than those samples containing lower concentrations (10-25 micromol/l) of NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-). It is concluded that high amounts of dimeric inhibins are present in ovarian serous cystadenoma. The source of inhibins and the determinants of the inverse association of inhibin A with oestradiol and nitric oxide remain to be determined.

Published
2000

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