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What is the impact of patellofemoral joint degeneration and malalignment on patient-reported outcomes after lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty? Published online 31 May 2020: https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/full/ 10.1302/0301-620X.102B6.BJJ-2019-1429.R1 In Figure 4, the captions for parts (a) and (b) were mistakenly transposed. The correct version can now be found online. The correct caption for Figure 4 (a) is: "Preoperative Merchant view of a left knee with the highest Kujala score." The correct caption for Figure 4 (b) is: "Preoperative Merchant view of a right knee with the lowest Kujala score.".

Teresa J Kelechi, Mohan Madisetti, Martina Mueller, Mary Dooley, Margaret Prentice College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Background: For intervention studies that require the use of participant self-reports, the quality and accuracy of recorded data and variability in participant adherence rates to the treatment can cause significant outcome bias.Purpose: To assess the quality and accuracy of participant documentation of daily self-monitoring of leg skin temperature, adherence to a graduated cooling treatment protocol to prevent venous leg ulcers, and the potential for bias in treatment effect in a randomized controlled trial that included a population with chronic venous disease.Methods: Individuals were randomized to a leg cooling intervention or placebo treatment group to daily self-monitor and record lower leg skin temperature over a 9-month period on monthly paper study logs. Returned study logs for the first 100 completed participants (n=54 cooling intervention, n=46 control) were reviewed for quality and accuracy. Adherence was determined from evaluating the accuracy of participant documentation. To examine potential outcome bias in treatment effect, mean between group and within group comparisons of the before and after treatment differences were conducted using an intention-to-treat (ITT) versus a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis approach with an 85% accuracy cut-off rate. Data were collected in 2011–2014.Results: Of the expected 900 study logs, 91.8% (826/900) were returned and 8.2% (74/900) were not. Non-mutually exclusive main error types in returned documentation included: 59.2% (489/826) white-outs, cross-off and/or overwrites, 34.9% (288/826) entries omitted, 29.4% (243/826) no performance of daily self-monitoring, 28.7% (237/826) no performance of the treatment intervention per the prescribed protocol regime, 26.8% (221/826) extraneous data, 8.6% (71/826) suspected fabrication, and 7.6% (63/826) questionable validity. Under ITT analysis, 38.4% (346/900) of all returned logs were

To determine the frequency, associations and outcomes of cerebrovascular events (CerVEs) in a multi-ethnic/racial, prospective, SLE disease inception cohort. Patients were assessed annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including 5 types of CerVEs: (i) Stroke; (ii) Transient ischemia; (iii) Chronic multifocal ischemia; (iv) Subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage; (v) Sinus thrombosis. Global disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) and SF-36 scores were collected. Time to event, linear and logistic regressions and multi-state models were used as appropriate. Of 1,826 SLE patients, 88.8% were female, 48.8% Caucasian, mean±SD age 35.1±13.3 years, disease duration 5.6±4.2 months and follow-up 6.6±4.1 years. CerVEs were the fourth most frequent NP event: 82/1,826 (4.5%) patients had 109 events, 103/109 (94.5%) were attributed to SLE and 44/109 (40.4%) were identified at enrollment. The predominant events were stroke [60/109 (55.0%)] and transient ischemia [28/109 (25.7%)]. CerVEs were associated with other NP events attributed to SLE (HR (95% CI): (3.16; 1.73-5.75) (p

This is Part 3 in the series of reviews from the IOC expert committee on exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes. Part 1 focused on the effects of training during pregnancy and on the management of common pregnancy-related complaints experienced by athletes1; Part 2 addressed maternal and fetal perinatal outcomes.2 In this part, we review the implications of pregnancy and childbirth on return to exercise and on common illnesses and complaints in the postpartum period. The postpartum period can be divided into hospital-based (during hospital stay), immediate postpartum (hospital discharge to 6 weeks postpartum) and later postpartum (6 weeks to 1 year, corresponding sometimes to cessation of breast feeding).3 In the literature, the postpartum period is usually defined as the first 6 weeks after pregnancy, during which time women have not typically been encouraged to exercise, except for strength training of the pelvic floor muscles. However, 6 weeks is an arbitrary time point and, anecdotally, many elite athletes report starting exercise inside that period. For the purpose of the present review, we consider the postpartum period to be up to 12 months following birth.

This is Part 4 in the series of reviews from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) expert committee on exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes. Part 1 focused on the effects of training during pregnancy and on the management of common pregnancy-related complaints experienced by athletes; Part 2 addressed maternal and foetal perinatal outcomes; Part 3 reviewed the implications of pregnancy and childbirth on return to exercise and on common illnesses and complaints in the postpartum period. Parts 1���3 are all open access papers.

Background: Compression gloves are provided in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to improve hand symptoms and function but there is little evidence for their effectiveness. As a group of Rheumatology Occupational Therapists we were unaware of clinical evidence to support use of gloves. Financial constraints lead to the need to justify effective use of resources. No recent quality studies of compression gloves in arthritis were available a \ud feasibility study to support anecdotal evidence was required. The study aim was to evaluate gloves’ effects on hand symptoms and function.\ud Methods: Members of the northwest COTSSR met to agree best clinical practice. Service users were involved. A systematic review of compression gloves trials undertaken all Studies were small and poor methodology. The last study undertaken was 21 years ago. The group agreed compression glove criteria, hand assessment, treatment protocols and patient information leaflet. Prior to recruitment the OTs attended a training day to standardize assessments and study procedures. A pre-post-test study was conducted. Participants wore Isotoner ¾ finger gloves. Hand assessments were completed at 0 and 4 weeks.\ud Results: Outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in: pain, stiffness, swelling, finger flexion and hand function.\ud Conclusion: Compression gloves improved hand symptoms and function. Lack of a control group means changes may not be due to glove-wear. A randomized controlled trial is required, including longer follow-up.\ud \ud References\ud Braun, V, Clarke, V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2): 77–101\ud Dixon AStJ (1986) Trial for Isotoner gloves for morning stiffness and pain in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Clinical Practice 40 (7): 271–272\ud Oostervelt FJG, Raskerr JJ (1990) The effect of pressure gradient and thermolactyl control gloves in arthritis patients with swollen hands. British Journal of Rheumatology 29:197–200

BACKGROUND Guidelines on physical activity or exercise and pregnancy encourage pregnant women to continue or adopt an active lifestyle during and following pregnancy.1-3 Two systematic reviews of pregnancy-related guidelines on physical activity found similarities between recommendations from different countries, but noted that the guidelines differed in focus.4 5 The guidelines provided variable guidance on prenatal exercise, or on how pregnant women might approach continuing or adopting sport activities.6 However, most guidelines did not include important topics such as prevalence and known risk factors for common pregnancy-related diseases and complaints, and the role of exercise in preventing and treating them. Importantly, the focus of most previous guidelines has been on healthy pregnant women in the general population, in whom there is almost always a decline in physical activity during pregnancy.7 8 Indeed, a high proportion of pregnant women follow neither physical activity nor exercise guidelines, 9 putting them at increased risk of obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and other pregnancy-related diseases and complaints.1 On the other hand, there are enthusiastic exercisers and elite athletes who often meet and exceed general exercise recommendations for pregnant women, but there are no exercise guidelines specifically for these women. Important questions for such women are unanswered in current guidelines: Which activities, exercises and sports can they perform, for how long and at what intensity, without risking their own health and the health of the fetus? How soon can they return to highintensity training and competition after childbirth? The IOC and most National Sports Federations encourage women to participate in all Olympic sport disciplines. The IOC promotes high-level performance, and it is also strongly committed to promoting lifelong health among athletes10-not just during their competitive sporting careers. With an increasing number of elite female athletes competing well into their thirties, many may wish to become pregnant, and some also want to continue to compete after childbirth. With this background, the IOC assembled an international expert committee to review the literature on physical activity and exercise (1) during pregnancy and (2) after childbirth, using rigorous systematic review and search criteria.11 For efficiency, where sex is not specified, the reader should assume that this manuscript about pregnancy and childbirth refers to females (ie, 'the elite athlete who wishes to train at altitude' is used in preference to 'the elite female athlete...'). AIMS The September 2015 IOC meeting of 16 experts in Lausanne had three aims. They were to: 1. Summarise common conditions, illnesses and complaints that may interfere with strenuous exercise and competition, during pregnancy and after childbirth; 2. Provide recommendations for exercise training during pregnancy and after childbirth, for highlevel regular exercisers and elite athletes; and 3. Identify major gaps in the literature that limit the confidence with which recommendations can be made. METHODS For each section of the document, a search strategy was performed using search terms such as 'pregnancy' OR 'pregnant' OR 'postpartum' AND 'exercise' OR 'physical activity' OR'leisure activity' OR'leisure' OR 'recreation' OR 'recreational activity' or 'physical fitness' OR 'occupational activity' AND terms related to the condition under study (eg, 'gestational diabetes'). Available databases were searched, with an emphasis on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PEDro, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. In addition, existing guidelines with reference lists were scanned. The review of each topic followed the general order: prevalence of the condition in the general pregnant or postpartum population, prevalence in high-level exercisers or elite athletes, risk factors in the general population and in relation to exercise and sport, and effect of preventive and treatment interventions. Level of evidence and grade of recommendations are according to the Cochrane handbook (table 1) for prevention and treatment interventions only. Each member of the working group was assigned to be the lead author of one or more topics and 1-3 others were assigned to review each topic. A first full consensus draft was reviewed before and during the 3-day IOC meeting (27-29 September 2015), and a new version of each topic was submitted to the meeting chairs (KB and KMK) shortly after the meeting. Each topic leader made amendments before sending a new version for comments to the working group.

This is Part 2 of 5 in the series of evidence statements from the IOC expert committee on exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes. Part 1 focused on the effects of training during pregnancy and on the management of common pregnancy-related symptoms experienced by athletes. In Part 2, we focus on maternal and fetal perinatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency, characteristics, and outcome of mood disorders, as well as clinical and autoantibody associations, in a multiethnic/racial, prospective inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Patients were assessed annually for mood disorders (4 types, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) and 18 other neuropsychiatric events. Global disease activity scores (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI-2K]), damage scores (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]), and Short Form 36 subscales, mental and physical component summary scores were collected. Time to event, linear and ordinal regressions, and multi-state models were used as appropriate. RESULTS: Among the 1,827 patients with SLE, 88.9% were female, and 48.9% were Caucasian. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 35.1 ± 13.3 years, disease duration was 5.6 ± 4.8 months, and the length of followup was 4.7 ± 3.5 years. During the course of the study, 863 (47.2%) of the 1,827 patients had 1,627 neuropsychiatric events. Mood disorders occurred in 232 (12.7%) of 1,827 patients, and 98 (38.3%) of 256 mood disorder events were attributed to SLE. The estimated cumulative incidence of any mood disorder after 10 years was 17.7% (95% confidence interval 15.1, 20.2%). A greater risk of mood disorder was associated with concurrent neuropsychiatric events (P ≤ 0.01), and a lower risk was associated with Asian race/ethnicity (P = 0.01) and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (P = 0.003). Mood disorders were associated with lower mental health and mental component summary scores but not with the SLEDAI-2K, SDI, or lupus autoantibodies. Among the 232 patients with depression, 168 (72.4%) were treated with antidepressants. One hundred twenty-six (49.2%) of 256 mood disorders resolved in 117 (50.4%) of 232 patients. CONCLUSION: Mood disorders, the second most frequent neuropsychiatric event in patients with SLE, have a negative impact on health-related quality of life and improve over time. The lack of association with global SLE disease activity, cumulative organ damage, and lupus autoantibodies emphasizes the multifactorial etiology of mood disorders and a role for non-lupus-specific therapies.

Background: \ud Compression gloves are increasingly provided by occupational therapists (OTs) to people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Gloves are provided to: reduce hand joint pain (day and/or night), swelling and stiffness; and improve hand function. A systematic review identified only four trials (n= 8-24), of poor/moderate quality, indicating glove-wear may lead to small reductions in proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) swelling but effects on hand symptoms and function are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate compression gloves’ effects on hand symptoms and function, to assist planning a randomised controlled trial. \ud Methods: \ud A pre-post-test study was conducted. Participants: were recruited from 10 Rheumatology OT departments; had recent onset inflammatory (IA)/RA, or RA; no steroid injections in 4/52; and no new/changed medication in 12/52, unless recent-onset IA/RA. Participants wore right and/or left Isotoner ¾ finger gloves, day and/or night as required. Assessments at 0 and 4 weeks included: hand pain on activity and at night, hand stiffness (all 0-10 numeric rating scales: none to very severe); swelling (joint circumference: cms); composite finger flexion to distal wrist crease (CFF: cms); Measure of Activity Performance-Hand [MAP-HAND]; Grip Ability Test [GAT]. OTs were trained in assessments: inter-rater reliability (ICC,11) was good: 2nd PIPJ circumference (0.91); CFF (0.76-0.93); GAT (0.98). Data were analysed using paired t-tests and effect sizes calculated using eta-squared (0.14+ = large effect).\ud Results: \ud 41 participated (early IA/RA = 14; RA = 27): 33 women, 8 men; average age = 59.10 (SD 12.54) years; time since diagnosis 2.33 (IQR 0.23-8.5) years; 7 (early IA) had medication changes in 12/52. Early IA and RA results were combined as similar (Table 1).\ud Table 1: Mean (SD) outcomes pre- and post- 4 weeks of compression glove wear (Right hand only; n=38).\ud Outcome measures 0 weeks 4 weeks p Effect size\ud Hand pain on activity (0-10) 5.69 (2.13) 4.67 (2.32) 0.006* 0.18\ud Hand pain at night (0-10) 4.26 (3.26) 3.41 (2.30) 0.03* 0.12\ud Hand stiffness (0-10) 5.51 (2.61) 3.92 (2.25) 0.001* 0.33\ud 2nd PIPJ circumference (cm) 6.66 (0.58) 6.57 (0.55) 0.03* 0.12\ud CFF Middle (cms) 5.45 (1.66) 4.88 (1.35) 0.002* 0.23\ud MAP-HAND 21.91 (7.83) 19.78 (7.36) 0.02* 0.12\ud GAT 39.44 (20.82) 32.73 (2.86) 0.005* 0.20\ud \ud Conclusion: \ud Compression gloves led to significant improvements in: pain (day/night), stiffness, swelling, finger flexion and hand function, with moderate to large effect sizes, although PIPJ swelling changes were small. The lack of a control group means improvements may not be due to compression gloves. A randomised controlled trial is required, including longer follow-up.

Anti-C1q has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis in previous studies. We studied anti-C1q specificity for SLE (vs. rheumatic disease controls) and the association with SLE manifestations in an international multi-center study.

Background: Compression gloves are used in Hand Osteoarthritis (HOA) to reduce pain (day and/or night), stiffness and improve hand function. A systematic review identified only two trials (sample sizes n= 2 and 5), with inconclusive results [1]. The commonest compression gloves provided in the UK are Isotoner gloves. The aim was to evaluate effects of compression gloves on hand pain, stiffness and function. \ud Methods: A pre-post-test study was conducted. Participants were recruited from 10 Rheumatology Occupational Therapy (OT) departments; had a doctor diagnosis of HOA and no steroid injections or new/changed medication within the previous 4 weeks. Assessments at 0 and 4 weeks included: hand pain on activity and at night, hand stiffness (all 0-10 numeric rating scales: none to very severe); Measure of Activity Performance of the Hand [MAP-HAND, 2]; Grip Ability Test [GAT, 3]; and composite finger flexion to distal wrist crease (CFF). OT assessors were trained in standardised hand assessment procedures. Assessor inter-rater reliability (ICC,10) was good : CFF (0.76-0.93); GAT (0.98) [4]. All participants received Isotoner ¾ finger gloves. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and effect sizes calculated using eta-squared (values of 0.14+ = large effect, 5).\ud Results: 30 people with HOA participated: 28 women, 2 men); average age = 61.23(SD 8.35) years; time since diagnosis 4.71(SD 6.47) years.\ud Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that compression gloves used by people with HOA led to significant improvements in: pain during the day and night, stiffness, hand function and finger motion, with moderate to large effect sizes. A limitation was the lack of a control group meaning we cannot be certain benefits were due to compression gloves. A randomised controlled trial needs to be conducted, including longer follow-up.

Neuropsychiatric (NP) events occur unpredictably in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and most biomarker associations remain to be prospectively validated. We examined a disease inception cohort of 1047 SLE patients to determine which autoantibodies at enrollment predicted subsequent NP events.

To examine change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in association with clinical outcomes of neuropsychiatric (NP) events in SLE.

To determine the frequency, accrual, attribution and outcome of neuropsychiatric (NP) events and impact on quality of life over 3 years in a large inception cohort of SLE patients.

To examine the association between neuropsychiatric (NP) events with antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin), anti-β2 glycoprotein-I, anti-ribosomal P and anti-NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies in an international inception cohort.

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions using crop oils and stabilized by surface modified silica nanoparticles and polymeric surfactants appear to be a promising approach for storing and delivering microorganisms to aqueous environments. In these systems cells are contained within the internal phase of the emulsion. We examined two types of silica nanoparticles for stabilizing Chlorella vulgaris in W/O emulsions and release kinetics upon delivery to water. We also examined the effects of these particles on the release of a model solute NaCl. Surface modification of the nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles in the continuous phase had significant effects on the release of NaCl while only surface modification had an effect on the release of cells. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles reduced the level of cell release and rate of solute release suggesting emulsion properties could be tailored to achieve the controlled release of cells and solute upon delivery.

Serum-derived albumin has for a long time been used in cell culture media, but the exact role of albumin and/or impurities bound to albumin has not been precisely defined. In this study, recombinant human albumin was evaluated for its growth-promoting activity on two cell lines, NRK and SCC-9. For NRK cells, the recombinant human albumin was found to exert an inhibitory effect. The fact that fatty acid free HSA was also inhibitory while HSA fraction V was stimulatory suggested a role for fatty acids or some other bound moieties in growth stimulation by HSA fraction V. Addition of oleic acid, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine or a combination of these lipids, however, did not significantly improve the growth stimulating activity of either fatty acid free HSA or the recombinant human albumin. For SCC-9 cells, both recombinant human albumin and fatty acid free HSA showed slight stimulation (although they were not as active as HSA fraction V), suggesting that in some cell systems, the albumin molecule per se may promote cell growth and survival.

This study aimed to describe the use and costs of community services for HIV-infected people by disease stage, sex and transmission category (homosexual, heterosexual, injecting drug use) by use of a prospective cohort study in which people were followed up for six months. There were two major components; gathering quantitative information on service utilisation from people with HIV infection using two interviewer-administered questionnaires and six self-completed monthly diaries; and estimating the costs of the services provided. People were recruited from two London clinics: the Jefferiss Wing Genito-urinary Medicine (GUM) clinic at St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, and the Patrick Clements GUM clinic at the Central Middlesex Hospital, Harlesden. Costing data was obtained from providers of community services throughout Greater London. The main outcome measures were contacts per person-year, and costs per person-year, for all community services stratified by service sector. The people studied each made, on average, 139 community service contacts per year at a cost of 2,806 pounds; there was little difference in average utilisation between the three transmission categories. There were differences in both the utilisation of services and costs within the formal and informal sectors for subjects from different disease stages. Although the average number of contacts per person-year were similar for women and men, the total cost of community services was higher for women than for men, reflecting the differences in types of services used. The results indicated a high proportion of total care costs for people with HIV and AIDS is incurred through community-based social care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Preference is given to letters commenting on contributions published recently in the JRSM. They should not exceed 300 words and should be typed double-spaced.

A collection of folklore and local history stories from Dundalk (Dundalk Road Convent) (school) (Dundalk, Co. Louth), collected as part of the Schools' Folklore Scheme, 1937-1938 under the supervision of teacher Sr. M. Oliver., Weather-Lore - Signs for Good Weather -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Storm -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain / Larrisy, M. -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain / Connor, L. O' -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain / Dooley, M. -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain / Dooley, M. -- Weather-Lore - Signs for Rain / Dooley, M. -- Cures / Meegan, Maura -- Old Cures / Kennedy, Maureen -- Cures / Campbell, Mary -- Cures / Dolan, Kathleen -- Local Heroes / Boyle, Mary -- Local Happenings -- Landlord / Lennon, Kathleen -- Old Prayers -- Hedge-Schools / Murphy, Teresa -- Hedge-Schools / Matthews, M. -- Hedge-Schools / Hollywood, M. -- Place Names - Dundalk Streets / Hollywood, M. -- Old Castles and Ruins / Crilly, V. -- Old Castles and Ruins / Ardle, L. Mc -- Fairy Forts -- Ghosts -- Ghosts -- Old Graveyards / Lennon, Kathleen -- Old Trades / Hollywood, Mary -- Bread in Olden Times -- Superstitions -- Superstitions / Curtis, Joan -- Superstitions / Murphy, Teresa -- Superstitions / Dooley, Maisie -- Superstitions / Dolan, Kathleen -- Legends of County Louth -- Old Story / Lennon, Kathleen -- Old Story / Mahon, Maureen Mc -- Old Story / Doyle, May -- Old Stories / Cunningham, Maura -- Jumping Church of Millickstown -- Near Ardee there is supposed to be a black pig which appears when any misfortune is about to befall... / Kirk, Nora -- Ghost Story / Doyle, May -- Local Fort / Doyle, May, Supported by funding from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (Ireland), University College Dublin, and the National Folklore Foundation (Fondúireacht Bhéaloideas Éireann), 2014-2016.

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