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The occurrence of catastrophic floods will increase the uncertainty of hydrological forecasting at downstream hydrological stations. In order to solve the problems of the unclear propagation law of catastrophic floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the inadaptability of traditional forecasting methods, this paper uses the M-K trend test method to analyze the annual average flow and annual average water level of the Yichang and Hankou stations. For conventional floods and catastrophic floods, Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), and CNN-LSTM neural networks are used to simulate the water level/flow of Hankou station. The simulation results are analyzed by Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE), Kling–Gupta efficiency coefficient (KGE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The results show that the annual average flow and annual average water level of Yichang station show a downward trend and the annual average water level of Hankou station shows an upward trend. By comparing the four indicators of NSE, KGE, RMSE, and SMAPE, the CNN-LSTM coupling model was determined to be the best fitting model, with NSE and KGE greater than 0.995 and RMSE and SMAPE less than 0.200. The proposed coupling model can provide technical support for flood control optimization, scheduling, emergency rescue, and scheduling impact analysis of the Three Gorges Power Station.

The effect of single- and dual-limb circuits on aerosol delivery during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in adult models is unclear.A noninvasive ventilator equipped with a single-limb circuit or an ICU ventilator equipped with a dual-limb circuit was connected to a simulated lung. Ventilator parameters were adjusted to maintain a tidal volume at ∼500 mL. Aerosol deposition with different placements of a vibrating mesh nebulizer and humidification conditions were compared. Additional experiments by using a non-vented mask or a vented mask were compared in the single-limb circuit only. Aerosol was collected by a disposable filter placed between the simulated lung and the head model (n = 3), and measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (276 nm).The aerosol deposition varied between 4.12 ± 0.22% and 20.75 ± 0.95%. The greatest aerosol delivery during NIV when using a non-vented mask was found when a vibrating mesh nebulizer was placed between the mask and 15 cm from the exhalation port in the humidified single-limb circuit, and 15 cm from the Y-piece in the inspiratory limb of the humidified dual-limb circuit, and no significant difference of aerosol deposition was found between the two optimal positions (20.03 ± 1.48% vs 18.04 ± 0.93%, respectively;During NIV, the aerosol delivery was optimal when a vibrating mesh nebulizer was placed between the non-vented mask and 15 cm from the exhalation port in the single-limb circuit or 15 cm from the Y-piece in the inspiratory limb of the dual-limb circuit; no significant difference was found between the two optimal placements. Humidification had little effect on aerosol delivery. Aerosol delivery was poor in the single-limb circuit with a vented mask.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, and many patients with severe cases have received oxygen therapy through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of HFNC for treating patients with COVID-19 and risk factors for HFNC failure. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of HFNC in patients with COVID-19 published in English from January 1st, 2020 to August 15th, 2021. The primary aim was to assess intubation, mortality, and failure rates in COVID-19 patients supported by HFNC. Secondary aims were to compare HFNC success and failure groups and to describe the risk factors for HFNC failure. Results: A total of 25 studies fulfilled selection criteria and included 2851 patients. The intubation, mortality, and failure rates were 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.51, I2 = 84%), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19–0.29, I2 = 88%), and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.51, I2 = 56%), respectively. Compared to the success group, age, body mass index (BMI), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, D-dimer, lactate, heart rate, and respiratory rate were higher and PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, ROX index (the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate), ROX index after the initiation of HFNC, and duration of HFNC were lower in the failure group (all Ps 2 = 88%), a higher white blood cell (WBC) count (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%), a higher heart rate (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.15–1.76, P 2 = 0%), and a lower ROX index(OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.03, I2 = 93%) after the initiation of HFNC were all significant risk factors for HFNC failure. Conclusions: HFNC is an effective way of providing respiratory support in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Older age, a higher WBC count, a higher heart rate, and a lower ROX index after the initiation of HFNC are associated with an increased risk of HFNC failure.

Contamination of 99TcO4–, a problematic radioactive anion in the nuclear fuel cycle, in groundwater has been observed in a series of legacy nuclear sites, representing a notable radiation hazard an...

Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) represent a class of ubiquitin-like proteins that are conjugated, like ubiquitin, by a set of enzymes to form cellular regulatory proteins, and play key roles in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We found that ginkgolic acid (GA) can significantly reduce cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner and can also accelerate cyto-apoptosis in both Tca8113 and Cal-27 cells. Migration and wound-healing assays were executed to determine the anti-migration effect of GA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. GA represses transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in OSCC cell lines. This investigation is the first evidence that GA suppresses TGF-β1-induced SUMOylation of SMAD4. We show that GA affects the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 protein and the release of SMAD4. In the xenograft mouse model, the OSCC progression was reduced by GA, effectively suppressing the growth of tumors. In addition, siSMAD4 improved cell migration and viability, which was inhibited by GA in Tca8113 cells. GA suppresses tumorigenicity and tumor progression of OSCC through inhibition of TGF-β1-induced enhancement of SUMOylation of SMAD4. Thus, GA could be a promising therapeutic for OSCC., Graphical Abstract

Background and aims: The application of prone positioning with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in non-intubation patients is increasing gradually, applying prone positioning for more high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) patients. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and tolerance of prone positioning combined with non-invasive respiratory support in patients with AHRF or ARDS. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (prospective or retrospective cohort studies, RCTs and case series) published in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2020. We included studies that compared prone and supine positioning with non-invasive respiratory support in awake patients with AHRF or ARDS. The meta-analyses used random effects models. The methodological quality of the RCTs was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results: A total of 16 studies fulfilled selection criteria and included 243 patients. The aggregated intubation rate and mortality rate were 33% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.42, I2 = 25%], 4% (95% CI: 0.01–0.07, I2 = 0%), respectively, and the intolerance rate was 7% (95% CI: 0.01–0.12, I2 = 5%). Prone positioning increased PaO2/FiO2 [mean difference (MD) = 47.89, 95% CI: 28.12–67.66; p 2 = 67%] and SpO2 (MD = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.35–7.80, p = 0.005, I2 = 97%), whereas it reduced respiratory rate (MD = −5.01, 95% CI: −8.49 to −1.52, p = 0.005, I2 = 85%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the intubation rate of shorter duration prone (⩽5 h/day) and longer duration prone (>5 h/day) were 34% and 21%, respectively; and the mortality rate of shorter duration prone (⩽5 h/day) and longer duration prone (>5 h/day) were 6% and 0%, respectively. PaO2/FiO2 and SpO2 were significantly improved in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Prone positioning could improve the oxygenation and reduce respiratory rate in both COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients with non-intubated AHRF or ARDS. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

The motion of a ship, which has six degrees of freedom, is a complex nonlinear dynamic process with variable periodicity and chaotic characteristics. With the development of smart ships, modern high-precision equipment needs the help from high accuracy of ship motion (SHM) forecasting. Existing models will not easily be able to satisfy future accuracy requirements. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of SHM forecasts, by firstly determining the sequence features of SHM time series, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used herein to extract automatically spatial feature vectors. Considering the variable-period characteristics of SHM time series, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) was used to learn the inherent time characteristics and to extract temporal feature vectors. The attention mechanism (AM) was developed to control the effect of feature vectors on the output to solve the problem of the contribution of feature vectors. Integrating the above methods, an SHM hybrid forecasting model, the SHM CNN-GRU-AM (SHM-CG it is referred to as GCWOA-SHM-C&G&A. Finally, ship heave and pitch time series data are used to analyze an example to test the forecasting effectiveness of SHM-C&G&A and the optimization performance of GCWOA. The experimental results reveal that the proposed SHM-C&G&A model is more robust that the other models that are considered in this paper, and exhibits better nonlinear characteristics. The proposed GCWOA yields a better combination of hyperparameters than contrast algorithms in the forecasting process.

P-carboxyphenyl azo calix[4]arene phosphate derivative (P-CACPD) was successfully synthesized using calix[4]arene as raw material. The P-CACPD was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The effects of pH, extraction time and temperature on the extraction of U(VI) by P-CACPD were investigated. The results show that pH value, extraction time and temperature have an effect on the extraction of U(VI) by P-CACPD. When the initial pH is 5, temperature is 25 °C, extraction time is 2 h, the extraction rate of U(VI) by P-CACPD reaches the maximum. Both kinetics parameters and thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were calculated. The calculated data indicate that the extraction process of uranium by P-CACPD is an exothermic spontaneous process, which well fits with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Tongue cancer is one of the most common oral malignancies. Quisinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of quisinostat on the viability of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells (CAL-27, TCA-8113) in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability, cell morphological observation, scratch wound-healing assay, transwell migration assay, transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry and cellular reactive oxygen species were assessed in vitro. The results showed that quisinostat can significantly inhibit the viability, growth and migration of TSCC cells. And quisinostat could significantly induce TSCC cells apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Quisinostat significantly inhibited tumor tissue growth in animal experiments. Up-regulation of the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase3, caspase-1, p53, phospho-p53 and down-regulated of the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, GPX4 in cell lines and tumor tissues of nude mice were observed by Western blotting analysis. Up-regulation of the expression of caspase-1, Bax, cleaved-caspase3, p53 and down-regulated of the expression of ki67, caspase-3, Bcl-2, GPX4 in tumor tissues of nude mice were observed by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL analysis showed that quisinostat could increase the apoptosis rate in the tumor tissues of nude mice. Up-regulation of the expression of p53 and down-regulated expression of GPX4 in cell lines were observed by immunofluorescent staining, and the expression locations of p53 and GPX4 proteins in TSCC cells were observed. Based on these findings, quisinostat may be a potential drug for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

New chemotherapeutic strategy should be investigated to enhance clinical management in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Recently, sulforaphane (SFN), as a natural compound from cruciferous vegetables exhibits a potent anti-cancer activity in various tumor cells, but remains uncertain in ACC cells. The present study examined whether SFN suppresses proliferation and in ACC cells, if so, the possible molecular targets would be further investigated. Cell survives, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and molecular targets were identified by multiple detecting techniques, including trypan blue dye exclusion assay, electron microscopy, AO/EB staining, flow cytometry and immunoblotting in human lung high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC-M). The results showed that 5-20 microM SFN suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of ACC-M cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated treatment of ACC-M cells with 20 microM SFN resulted in G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with a marked decline in protein levels of G(2)/M regulatory proteins including cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). In terms of apoptosis, SFN increased the expression of Bax and decreased the level of Bcl-2 and subsequently triggered release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3, but Fas level and caspase-8 activity remained unchanged at all time points. Furthermore, levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 in both of the cytoplasm and the nucleus have also been markedly suppressed by SFN in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest SFN inhibits cell growth via inducing G(2)/M cell arrest and apoptosis in ACC-M cells. These events have been associated with SFN-regulated multiple targets involved in ACC-M cell proliferation. The present study provides an evidence for testing SFN efficacy in vivo and warranting future investigations to exam the clinical potential of SFN in ACC chemotherapy.