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To compare temporal evolution of imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza in computed tomography and evaluate their predictive value for distinction.In this retrospective, multicenter study 179 CT examinations of 52 COVID-19 and 44 influenza critically ill patients were included. Lung involvement, main pattern (ground glass opacity, crazy paving, consolidation) and additional lung and chest findings were evaluated by two independent observers. Additional findings and clinical data were compared patient-wise. A decision tree analysis was performed to identify imaging features with predictive value in distinguishing both entities.In contrast to influenza patients, lung involvement remains high in COVID-19 patients 14 days after the diagnosis. The predominant pattern in COVID-19 evolves from ground glass at the beginning to consolidation in later disease. In influenza there is more consolidation at the beginning and overall less ground glass opacity (p = 0.002). Decision tree analysis yielded the following: Earlier in disease course, pleural effusion is a typical feature of influenza (p = 0.007) whereas ground glass opacities indicate COVID-19 (p = 0.04). In later disease, particularly more lung involvement (p 0.001), but also less pleural (p = 0.005) and pericardial (p = 0.003) effusion favor COVID-19 over influenza. Regardless of time point, less lung involvement (p 0.001), tree-in-bud (p = 0.002) and pericardial effusion (p = 0.01) make influenza more likely than COVID-19.This study identified differences in temporal evolution of imaging features between COVID-19 and influenza. These findings may help to distinguish both diseases in critically ill patients when laboratory findings are delayed or inconclusive.

Objective: To assess patients' outcomes after subacromial or glenohumeral injections based on the degree of lateral extension of the acromion. Methods: 307 patients were prospectively included after therapeutic fluoroscopy-guided subacromial (n = 148) or glenohumeral (n = 159) injections with anaesthetic and long-acting corticosteroids. Pre- and post-injection outcomes at 1week and 1month were obtained using the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain. Lateral extension of the acromion was quantified and categorized by the critical shoulder angle (CSA) and the acromion index (AI) on anteroposterior conventional radiographs. Results: Patients' outcomes at 1week and 1month were significantly improved (p 35° (4.2 ± 2.6 vs. 3.2 ± 3.0, p = 0.04). A significant difference in the 1-month NRS change in pain scores is noted for smaller AIs after subacromial injection (4.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.6 ± 2.9; p = 0.01). No significant association was noted between clinical outcome and the lateral extension of the acromion after glenohumeral joint injections. Conclusions: A short lateral extension of the acromion was associated with better clinical outcomes in subacromial injection patients but not in glenohumeral injection patients. Key Points : • Patients' outcomes at 1month improved significantly compared to baseline for subacromial injections •Patients' outcomes at 1month improved significantly compared to baseline for glenohumeral injections •Short acromial lateralization was associated with better clinical outcome after subacromial injection •The acromial lateralization was not associated with clinical outcome after glenohumeral injection

OBJECTIVES Imaging assessment for the clinical management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is controversial because of a paucity of evidence-based guidance and notable variability among practitioners. Hence, expert consensus is needed because standardised imaging assessment is critical for clinical practice and research. We aimed to establish expert-based statements on FAI imaging by using formal methods of consensus building. METHODS The Delphi method was used to formally derive consensus among 30 panel members from 13 countries. Forty-four questions were agreed upon, and relevant seminal literature was circulated and classified in major topics to produce answering statements. The level of evidence was noted for all statements, and panel members were asked to score their level of agreement (0-10). This is the second part of a three-part consensus series and focuses on 'General issues' and 'Parameters and reporting'. RESULTS Forty-seven statements were generated and group consensus was reached for 45. Twenty-five statements pertaining to 'General issues' (9 addressing diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and postoperative imaging) and 'Parameters and reporting' (16 addressing femoral/acetabular parameters) were produced. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence was reviewed critically, recommended criteria for diagnostic imaging highlighted, and the roles/values of different imaging parameters assessed. Radiographic evaluation (AP pelvis and a Dunn 45° view) is the cornerstone of hip-imaging assessment and the minimum imaging study that should be performed when evaluating adult patients for FAI. In most cases, cross-sectional imaging is warranted because MRI is the 'gold standard' imaging modality for the comprehensive evaluation, differential diagnosis assessment, and FAI surgical planning. KEY POINTS • Diagnostic imaging for FAI is not standardised due to scarce evidence-based guidance on which imaging modalities and diagnostic criteria/parameters should be used. • Radiographic evaluation is the cornerstone of hip assessment and the minimum study that should be performed when assessing suspected FAI. Cross-sectional imaging is justified in most cases because MRI is the 'gold standard' modality for comprehensive FAI evaluation. • For acetabular morphology, coverage (Wiberg's angle and acetabular index) and version (crossover, posterior wall, and ischial spine signs) should be assessed routinely. On the femoral side, the head-neck junction morphology (α° and offset), neck morphology (NSA), and torsion should be assessed.

OBJECTIVES Imaging assessment for the clinical management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome remains controversial because of a paucity of evidence-based guidance and notable variability in clinical practice, ultimately requiring expert consensus. The purpose of this agreement is to establish expert-based statements on FAI imaging, using formal techniques of consensus building. METHODS A validated Delphi method and peer-reviewed literature were used to formally derive consensus among 30 panel members (21 musculoskeletal radiologists and 9 orthopaedic surgeons) from 13 countries. Forty-four questions were agreed on, and recent relevant seminal literature was circulated and classified in five major topics ('General issues', 'Parameters and reporting', 'Radiographic assessment', 'MRI' and 'Ultrasound') in order to produce answering statements. The level of evidence was noted for all statements, and panel members were asked to score their level of agreement with each statement (0 to 10) during iterative rounds. Either 'consensus', 'agreement' or 'no agreement' was achieved. RESULTS Forty-seven statements were generated, and group consensus was reached for 45 (95.7%). Seventeen of these statements were selected as most important for dissemination in advance. There was no agreement for the two statements pertaining to 'Ultrasound'. CONCLUSION Radiographic evaluation is the cornerstone of hip evaluation. An anteroposterior pelvis radiograph and a Dunn 45° view are recommended for the initial assessment of FAI although MRI with a dedicated protocol is the gold standard imaging technique in this setting. The resulting consensus can serve as a tool to reduce variability in clinical practices and guide further research for the clinical management of FAI. KEY POINTS • FAI imaging literature is extensive although often of low level of evidence. • Radiographic evaluation with a reproducible technique is the cornerstone of hip imaging assessment. • MRI with a dedicated protocol is the gold standard imaging technique for FAI assessment.

Purpose: Increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TTTG) is one potential correcting parameter in patients suffering from lateral patellar instability. It was hypothesized that end-stage extension of the knee might influence the TTTG distance on MR images. Methods: Transverse T1-weighted MR images of the knee were acquired at full extension, 15° and 30° flexion of the knee in 30 asymptomatic volunteers. MRI parameters: slice thickness: 3mm, matrix: 256×384, FOV: 150×150mm. Two observers independently measured the TTTG at all positions. Results: Mean TTTG for observer 1 was 15.1±3.2mm at full extension, 10.0±3.5mm at 15° flexion and 8.1±3.4mm at 30° flexion. Mean TTTG for observer 2: 14.8±3.3mm at full extension, 9.4±3.0mm at 15° flexion, 8.6±3.4mm at 30° flexion. Mean values were significantly different (p

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Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Eikenella corrodens is extremely rare. We report an unusual case of an infection caused by E. corrodens in a self-insulin-administering patient with diabetes. Similar to needle licker’s osteomyelitis, our case shows most likely the same pathomechanism and stresses the importance of correct insulin application.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR arthrography in the detection of articular cartilage and labral lesions of the glenohumeral joint using a transverse 3D water-excitation true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five shoulders were included retrospectively. Shoulder arthroscopy was performed within 6months of MR arthrography. MR images were evaluated separately by two radiologists. They were blinded to clinical and arthroscopic information. Arthroscopy served as the reference standard. Results: For the detection of humeral cartilage lesions, sensitivities and specificities were 86% (12/14)/89% (50/56) for observer 1 and 93%/86% for observer 2) for the transverse true FISP sequence and 64%/86% (50%/82% for observer 2) for the coronal intermediate-weighted spin-echo images. The corresponding values for the glenoidal cartilage were 60% (6/10)/88% (51/58) (80%/76% for observer 2) and 70%/86% (60%/74% for observer 2) respectively. For the detection of abnormalities of the anterior labrum (only assessed on true FISP images) the values were 94% (15/16)/84% (36/43) (88%/79% for observer 2). The corresponding values for the posterior labrum were 67% (8/12)/77% (36/47) (observer 2: 25%/74%). The kappa values for the grading of the humeral and glenoidal cartilage lesions were 0.81 and 0.55 for true FISP images compared with 0.49 and 0.43 for intermediate-weighted fast spin-echo images. Kappa values for true FISP evaluation of the anterior and posterior part of the labrum were 0.81 and 0.70. Conclusion: Transverse 3D true FISP MR arthrography images are useful for the difficult diagnosis of glenohumeral cartilage lesions and suitable for detecting labral abnormalities

Die Experimentalfilme, die der Osnabrücker Klaus Telscher zwischen 1977 und 1995 gemacht hat, haben bisher kaum Beachtung in der deutschsprachigen Filmgeschichtsschreibung gefunden. Der Artikel soll dazu beitragen, dass der Stellenwert Telschers neu bewertet wird, da sich seine Filme durch die Kritik der medialen Sozialisation seiner Filmemachergeneration seitens der bundesdeutschen Filmkultur der Nachkriegszeit auszeichnen. Telschers Stellenwert in der deutschen Filmgeschichte, so die These, manifestiert sich in den Filmen selbst. Zur Überprüfung der These werde ich Strukturen in der Geschichte des deutschen Spiel- und Experimentalfilms theoriegeleitet nachzeichnen und mit den Telscher-Filmen abgleichen. Den Fokus lege ich dazu auf einen der Hauptaspekte seines Werks: das kritische Hinterfragen eines sogenannten ‚urdeutschen Geistes‘, wie Telscher ihn in zahlreichen Kulturgütern und seinen Filmen nachzuweisen beabsichtigt hatte. Sein Interesse daran, wie Filme aus mythologisierten Vorstellungen Realitäten erzeugen können, mündet in eine kritische Betrachtung der medialen und alltagsweltlichen deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte.

Fragestellung: Besteht ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen Atrophie bzw. Asymmetrie im Seitenvergleich des Musculus multifidus im MRI auf der entsprechenden Segmenthöhe und des Schweregrades und/oder der Dauer der Beschwerden einer Nervenwurzelkompression. Und hat dies einen Einfluss auf die[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2012)

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: The supraacetabular fossa has been described as a normal notch within the acetabulum deficient of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of such supraacetabular fossae (SAF) (pseudo-cartilage defects) in MR-...

Ergebnisse von tierexperimentellen und klinischen Studien zeigten, daß die Intimahyperplasie durch intravaskulare Strahlentherapie gehemmt werden kann. Anhand der durchgeführten Studie sollten die Auswirkungen von radioaktiv dotierten 186Rhenium-Stents auf die Gefäßwand untersucht werden. Von besonderem Interesse war die Intimahyperplasie in Abhängigkeit von der Radioaktivität der Stents. Die Auswertung erfolgte an Präparaten von 35 Weißen Neuseelandkaninchen. Zur Induktion einer Intimahyperplasie erhielten alle Versuchstiere präoperativ eine 0,5 ige Cholesterindiät über vier Wochen. Intraoperativ erfolgte eine Ballondenudation der infrarenalen Aorta. Anschließend wurden die Palmaz® Stents implantiert. Sieben Wochen nach Implantation von radioaktiv dotierten 186Rhenium-Stents (2,58 MBq [n=6], 8,07 MBq [n=6], 15,98 MBq [n=6], 25,80 MBq [n=8]) bzw. nicht radioaktiven Kontrollstents (n=7) wurden 33 Kaninchen getötet. Zwei Kaninchen mit 186Rhenium-Stents der Aktivität 25,80 MBq wurden 23 Wochen nach Implantation getötet. Im Gefäßquerschnitt betrug die Intimafläche der Kontrollgruppe 2,20 ± 0,86 mm2. Die Versuchsgruppen zeigten eine dosisabhängige Abnahme der Intimafläche (0,52 ± 0,55 mm2 [2,58 MBq]; 0,36 ± 0,53 mm2 [8,07 MBq] und 0,0 mm2 [15,98 MBq und 25,80 MBq]). Die Intimafläche der beiden Langzeitkaninchen der Hochdosisgruppe betrug ebenfalls 0,0 mm². In den Gefäßlängsschnitten der Hochdosisgruppe konnte an den Stentenden keine verstärkte Intimahyperplasie beobachtet werden. Die radioaktive Strahlung führte zu einer Störung der Regeneration des intraluminalen Endothels der Aorta. Späte thrombotische Gefäßverschlüsse traten nicht auf. Intraluminal irradiation has been shown to decrease neointimal proliferation after angioplasty in experimental models and clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effects and the dose effect of 186Re stents on intimal hyperplasia in a rabbit model. Thirty-five New Zealand White rabbits were fed a 0.5 cholesterol diet before balloon angioplasty and insertion of Palmaz stents in the infrarenal aorta. Thirty-three animals were killed 7 weeks after stent implantation (control stents [n=7], 2,58 MBq [n=6], 8,07 MBq [n=6], 15,98 MBq [n=6], 25,80 MBq [n=8]). Two rabbits from the highest dose group were killed 23 weeks after stent implantation (25,80 MBq [n=2]). After 7 weeks, neointima formation was 2,20 ± 0,86 mm2 in the control group. In the treatment groups, a dose-dependent neointima reduction was detectable (0,52 ± 0,55 mm2 [2,58 MBq]; 0,36 ± 0,53 mm2 [8,07 MBq] and 0,0 mm2 [15,98 MBq and 25,80 MBq]). No intimal hyperplasia was observed in the 25,80 MBq long-term group. 186Re stents did not cause late thrombosis or neointimal induction at the stent margins. Radiation resulted in delayed reendothelialization.

This review article presents several pitfalls and limitations of image interpretation of anatomical risk factors for patellar instability. The most important imaging examinations for the work-up of patients with patellar instability are the true lateral radiograph and transverse computed tomography (CT) or MR images of the knee. Primary anatomical risk factors are an insufficient medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, increased distance from the tibial tuberosity to the trochlear groove (TTTG), and torsional limb parameters. Limitations of the Caton-Deschamps index are related to the clear identification of the patellar and tibial articular margin. Classification of trochlear dysplasia according to the Dejour system on radiographs and MR images revealed a weak reliability. The comparability of TTTG values obtained on CT and MR images at various flexion angles and different varus alignments of the knee is limited. Thus MRI performed with a dedicated knee coil may underestimate the TTTG distance compared with CT images. Increased lateral patellar tilt is a consequence of primary anatomical risk factors rather than an independent anatomical risk factor for patellar instability. The pretest likelihood of a torn MPFL on MR images is very high after an acute episode of lateral patellar dislocation. Surgical restoration of the patellofemoral joint stability addresses the complex multifactorial biomechanics by a custom-made management such as MPFL reconstruction, sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty, as well as medialization and distalization of the tibial tubercle. Quantification of anatomical risk factors for patellar instability in each person is important for highly individual treatment.

The purpose of this article is to determine the osseous morphology of snapping scapulae on CT images.Retrospectively, 2D and 3D CT images of the scapulae of 35 patients with snapping scapula were compared with 35 age-matched control group subjects. Two observers analyzed the following parameters: presence of the Luschka tubercle; abnormalities of the bones and periscapular soft tissues; shape, thickness, and length of the superior angle of the scapula; craniocaudal length of the scapula; minimum distance between the scapula and rib cage; depth of the subscapular fossa; and the superomedial angle.In patients with snapping scapulae, observer 1 did not find any Luschka tubercles, whereas observer 2 detected one; in the control group both observers found two Luschka tubercles (p0.49). One scapular osteochondroma was found in the group with snapping scapulae. No further abnormalities of the rib cage or periscapular soft tissues were found in that group. The superior angle of the scapula was significantly thicker in the snapping scapula group compared with the control group (4.8 ± 1.3 mm vs 4.0 ± 1.0 mm, p0.012). The subscapular fossa was significantly deeper in patients with snapping scapula than in control group subjects (25.7 ± 5.2 mm vs 21.8 ± 5.0 mm, p0.005). The remaining parameters did not differ significantly between the groups.The Luschka tubercle was rarely observed and not associated with a snapping scapula. However, the superior angle of the scapula was significantly thicker and the subscapular fossa was significantly deeper in patients with snapping scapula than in control group subjects.

Lumbar transforaminal and interlaminar epidural steroid injections are widely used to treat patients with radicular pain and radiculopathy [1]. These lumbar spine procedures are reported to be clinically effective for short-term and long-term pain relief by some studies [2–5]. However, a relative lack of randomized and controlled clinical trials and as well as variability of the employed study methods were noted [6]. Thus, some controversy concerning the effectiveness of lumbar transforaminal and interlaminar epidural steroid injections still remains [6, 7]. Moreover, it should be emphasized that these indications and use are often performed on an off-label basis. The question arises whether just formal approval is lacking or whether extensive medical literature provides sufficient evidence-based efficacy and safety data for this off-label use. An image-guided therapeutic injection of both the cervical and lumbar spine is a minimally invasive technique, however rare serious adverse events such as brainstem, cerebellum and cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord infarction have occurred [8–26]. The present article discusses serious complications associated with epidural steroid injections after injections at the level of the lumbosacral spine.

OBJECTIVE To assess patients' outcomes after subacromial or glenohumeral injections based on the degree of lateral extension of the acromion. METHODS 307 patients were prospectively included after therapeutic fluoroscopy-guided subacromial (n = 148) or glenohumeral (n = 159) injections with anaesthetic and long-acting corticosteroids. Pre- and post-injection outcomes at 1 week and 1 month were obtained using the 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain. Lateral extension of the acromion was quantified and categorized by the critical shoulder angle (CSA) and the acromion index (AI) on anteroposterior conventional radiographs. RESULTS Patients' outcomes at 1 week and 1 month were significantly improved (p < 0.001) compared to baseline for subacromial and glenohumeral injection patients. Patients with a CSA 35° (4.2 ± 2.6 vs. 3.2 ± 3.0, p = 0.04). A significant difference in the 1-month NRS change in pain scores is noted for smaller AIs after subacromial injection (4.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.6 ± 2.9; p = 0.01). No significant association was noted between clinical outcome and the lateral extension of the acromion after glenohumeral joint injections. CONCLUSIONS A short lateral extension of the acromion was associated with better clinical outcomes in subacromial injection patients but not in glenohumeral injection patients. KEY POINTS • Patients' outcomes at 1 month improved significantly compared to baseline for subacromial injections. • Patients' outcomes at 1 month improved significantly compared to baseline for glenohumeral injections. • Short acromial lateralization was associated with better clinical outcome after subacromial injection. • The acromial lateralization was not associated with clinical outcome after glenohumeral injection.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been recognized as a common cause of pain, limited range of motion, and development of early osteoarthritis of the hip in adolescents and adults. Current surgical approaches include femoral osteochondroplasty, acetabular rim resection, and reattachment of torn labrum as either open surgical or arthroscopic techniques as well as periacetabular osteotomy. Conventional radiographs are routinely obtained in the postoperative setting. In addition, MRI serves for work-up in patients with persistent or recurrent groin pain after surgery. Inappropriate correction of the underlying femoral or acetabular osseous abnormality, insufficiency fractures of the femoral neck due to bone resection, intra-articular adhesions, ongoing joint degeneration including advanced cartilage damage, iatrogenic cartilage injury, retear of the labrum, rarely avascular necrosis of the femoral head, defects of the hip joint capsule, or heterotopic ossification might be observed after surgery for FAI.

Objective: To compare the radiation dose, workflow, patient comfort, and financial break-even of a standard digital radiography and a biplanar low-dose X-ray system. Materials and methods: A standard digital radiography system (Ysio, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was compared with a biplanar X-ray unit (EOS, EOS imaging, Paris, France) consisting of two X-ray tubes and slot-scanning detectors, arranged at an angle of 90° allowing simultaneous vertical biplanar linear scanning in the upright patient position. We compared data of standing full-length lower limb radiographs and whole spine radiographs of both X-ray systems. Results: Dose-area product was significantly lower for radiographs of the biplanar X-ray system than for the standard digital radiography system (e.g. whole spine radiographs; standard digital radiography system: 392.2 ± 231.7cGy*cm2 versus biplanar X-ray system: 158.4 ± 103.8cGy*cm2). The mean examination time was significantly shorter for biplanar radiographs compared with standard digital radiographs (e.g. whole spine radiographs: 449s vs 248s). Patients' comfort regarding noise was significantly higher for the standard digital radiography system. The financial break-even point was 2,602 radiographs/year for the standard digital radiography system compared with 4,077 radiographs/year for the biplanar X-ray unit. Conclusion: The biplanar X-ray unit reduces radiation exposure and increases subjective noise exposure to patients. The biplanar X-ray unit demands a higher number of examinations per year for the financial break-even point, despite the lower labour cost per examination due to the shorter examination time

To evaluate the spectrum and frequency of MR findings of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) in asymptomatic volunteers. MR imaging of 30 asymptomatic forefeet was performed with a dedicated extremity 1.5-Tesla system. Participants were between 20 and 49 years of age (mean ± SD: 35.5 ± 8.4 years). Two radiologists assessed cartilage, bone, capsuloligamentous structures, and tendons of first MTPJs on MR images. Cartilage defects were observed in 27 % (n = 8) of first MTPJs, most frequently located at the base of the proximal phalanx (23 %, n = 7), whereas cartilage defects of the metatarsal head (13 %, n = 4) and the metatarsosesamoid compartment were rare (0 %–3 %, n = 0-1). Bone marrow oedema-like signal changes were present in 37 % (n = 11) and subchondral cysts in 20 % (n = 6) of first MTPJs. Hyperintense areas on intermediate-weighted sequences (range: 30–43 %, n = 9–13) and on fluid-sensitive sequences with fat suppression (range: 33–60 %, n = 10–18) within the medial and lateral collateral ligament complex were common. Plantar recesses (77 %, n = 23) and distal dorsal recesses (87 %, n = 26) were frequently observed. Cartilage defects, bone marrow oedema-like signal changes, subchondral cysts, plantar recesses, and distal dorsal recesses were common findings on MRI of first MTPJs in asymptomatic volunteers. The collateral ligaments were often heterogeneous in structure and showed increased signal intensity. • Cartilage defects of asymptomatic first metatarsophalangeal joints were common on MRI. • The collateral ligaments were often heterogeneous in structure and showed increased signal intensity. • Areas of increased signal intensity within the flexor and extensor tendons were rare. • These observations need to be considered in MR examinations of symptomatic cases.

The purpose of this study was to compare abnormalities detected on conventional shoulder radiography with improvement in pain and shoulder function after subacromial injections.We conducted a prospective outcomes study including 98 consecutive patients after fluoroscopy-guided subacromial injections who returned outcome questionnaires and who underwent routine shoulder radiography. Numeric pain rating scale (NRS) data were collected before and, along with patient global impression of change (PGIC) data, at 1 week and 1 month after injection. Outcome differences were assessed using the Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Logistic regression analysis was done, including radiographic variables compared with the outcome improvement. The odds ratios with 95% CIs were identified for the significant predictors.A significant difference in overall improvement was found depending on the posterior acromial slope. Patients with a slope of more than 36° had significantly lower NRS and PGIC scores at 1 week and 1 month (p0.025) compared with those with a slope of 36° or less, with 86.4% of patients with a slope of more than 36° reporting significant improvement at 1 month. This was the only variable linked with improvement in the logistic regression analysis, with an odds ratio of 2.16 (95% CI, 1.11-4.22). Patients with calcific tendinitis had significantly lower NRS scores at both 1 week and 1 month (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively) and PGIC scores at 1 week (p = 0.05).A posterior acromial slope of more than 36° and the presence of calcific tendinitis on conventional shoulder radiography are associated with better outcomes. Patients with a slope of more than 36° showed the best improvement.

To evaluate the frequency of the supraacetabular fossa (SAF) (pseudodefect of acetabular cartilage) at magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the hip and to compare the MR findings with those from arthroscopy.All patients gave written permission for anonymized use of their medical data for scientific purposes before the imaging examination. The study was submitted to the institutional review board, and the need to obtain additional approval was waived. A medical student, a radiology fellow, and two senior radiologists reviewed 1002 consecutive MR arthrograms for the presence of an accessory bony fossa in the roof of the acetabulum, or SAF. SAF was classified into two types: type 1, which was filled with contrast material on MR arthrograms, and type 2, which was filled with cartilage. The width of the SAF was measured on coronal and sagittal MR images. MR arthrograms showing SAF were evaluated for subchondral reactions. Findings at MR arthrography were compared with those from arthroscopy in four hip joints with SAF type 1 and 13 with SAF type 2.Sixteen of the 1002 hip joints (1.6%; four female and 12 male patients; mean age, 20.1 years) had SAF type 1 (mean width, 5.2 × 4.5 mm). Eighty-nine hip joints (8.9%; 43 female and 46 male patients; mean age, 37.8 years) had SAF type 2 (mean width, 5.1 × 4.7 mm). No subchondral changes were found around the SAF. No cartilage defect was seen at the site of the SAF at arthroscopy.The high frequency of SAF on MR arthrograms (10.5%), the absence of subchondral reaction, and the absence of cartilage defects at arthroscopy indicate that the SAF of the acetabulum likely represents a variant.