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Abdulrahman Al-Yahya,1 Alwaleed Alsulaiman,1 Abdulrahman Almizel,1 Abdulrahman Barri,1 Fadwa Al Adel2 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Fadwa Al Adel Email FFAladel@pnu.edu.saBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication present a major morbidity burden among Saudi population. Awareness and proper knowledge of this highly prevalent disease is crucial to enhance early detection and proper intervention. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥ 18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.Results: A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168 (59.8%). The median age was 49 ± 24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ± 11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was 10 (good). While the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was 4.5 (suboptimal). The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were 0 and 2 (suboptimal), respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was 5 (good) while it was 3 (low) for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow-up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1% (107). Patients with low socio-economic status had a significantly poor knowledge regarding diabetes (P< 0.0001) and diabetic retinopathy (P< 0.015), respectively. However, patients with low educational level had a significantly poor knowledge (p< 0.0001) and poor practice regarding diabetes (P< 0.013), respectively.Conclusion: It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it’s essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow-up.Keywords: DM, diabetes mellitus, DR, diabetic retinopathy, regular eye exam, primary care, diabetes awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate awareness of type 2 diabetes and how sociodemographic factors influence diabetes knowledge in a rural population of Tamil Nadu, India. Previous research has identified poor awareness of diabetes in several low and middle-income countries, which can lead to a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. India having the second highest prevalence of diabetes globally, it is increasingly important to assess how diabetes can be addressed in rural Indian populations. Methods: Systematic random sampling was used to gather study participants in 17 villages within the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. Data on diabetes knowledge was collected using a validated questionnaire. Knowledge score range was 0-8; a score of zero was designated as 'low knowledge', scores 1-4 as 'moderate knowledge', and scores 5-8 as 'good knowledge'. Associations between sociodemographic factors and composite diabetes knowledge score were assessed using a multinomial logistic GLLAMM model in Stata. Results: A total of 753 individuals participated in the study. The average age of participants was 47 years and 55% were women. Overall awareness of diabetes was low, with 66% of individuals having no knowledge of diabetes. Only 16% and 17% achieved a moderate and a good knowledge score, respectively. Achieving a moderate knowledge score was significantly positively associated with education, wealth, participation in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), and business ownership as a source of income. Achieving a good knowledge score was significantly positively associated with education, wealth, rurality, participation in MGNREGA, business ownership as a source of income, and frequency of healthcare utilization. Rurality was significantly negatively associated (relative risk ratio (95% confidence interval)) with both moderate knowledge score (0.34 (0.19-0.59)), and good knowledge score (0.43 (0.24-0.74)). The strongest predictor of having a good knowledge score was having a high-school graduate or post-secondary education (11.07 (4.44-27.61)). Enrolment in MGNREGA employment was the strongest predictor for having a moderate knowledge score (3.27 (1.93-5.54)), as well as strongly associated with having a good knowledge score (2.39 (1.31-4.36)). Conclusion: The low awareness of diabetes among participants of this study raises serious concerns for public health in India. Public health efforts must prioritize health equity to lessen the impacts of diabetes in rural populations, where individuals face systemic barriers to receiving prevention and treatment for conditions such as diabetes.

Abdulrahman Al-Yahya,1 Alwaleed Alsulaiman,1 Abdulrahman Almizel,1 Abdulrahman Barri,1 Fadwa Al Adel2 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Fadwa Al Adel Email FFAladel@pnu.edu.saBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication present a major morbidity burden among Saudi population. Awareness and proper knowledge of this highly prevalent disease is crucial to enhance early detection and proper intervention. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥ 18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.Results: A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168 (59.8%). The median age was 49 ± 24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ± 11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was 10 (good). While the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was 4.5 (suboptimal). The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were 0 and 2 (suboptimal), respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was 5 (good) while it was 3 (low) for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow-up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1% (107). Patients with low socio-economic status had a significantly poor knowledge regarding diabetes (P< 0.0001) and diabetic retinopathy (P< 0.015), respectively. However, patients with low educational level had a significantly poor knowledge (p< 0.0001) and poor practice regarding diabetes (P< 0.013), respectively.Conclusion: It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it’s essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow-up.Keywords: DM, diabetes mellitus, DR, diabetic retinopathy, regular eye exam, primary care, diabetes awareness, knowledge, attitude and practice

Introduction Diabetes is a well-known global public health challenge affecting millions globally. The aims of this study are to examine the community diabetes knowledge, perceptions, and awareness among the public in Qatar regarding (1) disease symptoms, risk factors, complications, prevention, and associated behaviors, and (2) local diabetes campaigns and available services or resources. Methods This study involved a total of 501 respondents selected through purposive sampling from major public malls and public places in Doha, Qatar between February and May 2015. Data were gathered by face-to-face interview utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire. Results were analyzed using count, percentage, median, chi-square test, z-test on proportion and logistic regression. The analysis was carried out at 5% level of significance using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Results About 92% of participants knew at least one type of diabetes. Over 43.9% were physically active for 1–3 days per week. Highest proportion of the population perceived blindness (86%) as the top complication; frequent urination (58%) and excessive thirst (41%) as primary symptoms; hereditary factors (74%) and obesity (74%) as the top risk factors; and exercise (77%) and diet (72%) as among the preventive measures. Demographic overview of diabetes and lifestyle factors showed that the odds of obtaining screening tests were higher among females (OR=1.7, P=0.003), age 35–45 (OR=2.2, P=0.003), age ≥55 (OR=4.1, P

Introduction : Diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased globally, with a significant increase noted in African communities. Self-care health-related behavior is determined by beliefs about health and illness which are based on the person's knowledge of diabetes. The present study aimed to assess patients' diabetes awareness and level of diabetes knowledge in Zimbabwean adults with diabetes attending an outpatient diabetes clinic at a main referral hospital. Methods : In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) was used to measure 96 (71 women and 25 men) patients' knowledge of diabetes and their treatment. Both descriptive and analytic statistical methods were used. Results : Most respondents had poor knowledge in all the three knowledge categories, total knowledge of diabetes, general knowledge of diabetes and knowledge of insulin use. Major knowledge gaps were noted related to insulin use, glycemic control and diet. Attending DM classes was significantly associated with general knowledge about diabetes (p 0.026) while the level of education was an independent determinant of Total Knowledge and Insulin use knowledge scores. Conclusion : The identified knowledge gaps need to be addressed to control and minimize diabetes mellitus-related complications.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether persons who are aware of their prediabetes were more likely than persons with normal glycemia to report lifestyle changes (weight control, physical activity and fat/calories intake), and to determine the interactive effect of persons aware of their prediabetes and persons reporting doctor/health care provider’s (DHCP) advice on overall lifestyle change. Methods Data from the 2005 to 2006 and 2007 to 2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used for this investigation. Odds ratio from multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether persons who are aware of their prediabetes were more likely than persons with normal glycemia to report lifestyle changes. Results Persons who are aware of their prediabetes were more likely than persons with normal glycemia to report increased weight control (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.34–2.20) and physical activity (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02–1.61), and reduced fat/calorie intake (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.41–2.34), after adjusting for age, BMI, persons reported DHCP advice, race/ethnicity, sex, education and household income. Persons who reported DHCP advice were more likely than persons who did not report DHCP advice to report increased weight control (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.67–2.09) and physical activity (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.43–1.78), and reduced fat/calorie intake (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.96–2.46), after adjusting for confounders. There was no significant interaction between persons aware of their prediabetes and persons that reported DHCP advice with reported overall lifestyle change. Conclusions Creating diabetes risk awareness in at-risk groups and increased counseling of at-risk groups by doctors/health care providers may be the keys to prevent diabetes.