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Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a rare cause of lower limb claudication in young sportsperson without cardiovascular risk factor. We reported our diagnostic approach, surgical management, and short-term outcomes of this syndrome, over a 10-year period.Sportsperson with intermittent claudication systematically received color duplex ultrasonography with dynamic maneuvers in the sport medicine department. In case of PAES suspicion, diagnosis was confirmed by dynamic computed tomography or dynamic magnetic resonance angiography. Each patient was then evaluated by a vascular surgeon and surgery was performed. We retrospectively screened patients who underwent PAES surgery between 2010 and 2020 in the Department of Surgery in Angers University Hospital.Between January 2010 and December 2020, 38 patients with 67 symptomatic legs underwent surgery for PAES. Twenty three (60.5%) were men. The mean age at the time of surgery was 24.7 +/- 9 years. Clinical presentation was bilateral in 30 patients (81.1%). Duplex ultrasound demonstrated severe stenosis or occlusion in 45 legs (77%). When performed, CT-scan demonstrated popliteal artery compression in all cases (100%). As per Whelan and Rich classification, 36 patients (94.7%) had type 6 PAES. There was no mortality or severe complication after surgery. Morbidity included 4 postoperative hematoma (6%) and 8 prolonged healing (13%). The mean time of follow-up was 2.3 months +/- 1.2 months. After surgery, D-scan showed no signs of remaining popliteal artery compression in 92.5% of the case. Twelve patients (33.3%) were able to resume sport, 18 (50%) partially, and 6 (16.6%) did not resume sport yet.We report a cohort of 38 patients who underwent surgery for PAES. Among them, 36 (94.7%) were functional PAES. Morbidity included 13% of prolonged healing. Two months follow-up demonstrated good results at dynamic D-scan without signs of remaining popliteal artery compression in 92.5% of the cases. These short-term results showed that one-third of patients were able to resume sport activity at an initial level.

Case report of a 73-year-old man with Mycobacterium bovis BCG supra renal saccular aortic aneurysm eight months after intravesical BCG therapy.

Introduction The surgical management that achieves minimal morbidity and mortality for patients with glomus and non-glomus tumors involving the jugular foramen (JF) region requires a comprehensive understanding of the complex anatomy, anatomic variability, and pathological anatomy of this region. Objective The aim of this study is to propose a rational guideline to expose and preserve the lower cranial nerves (CNs) in the lateral approach of the JF. Methods The technique utilized is the gross and microdissection of 4 fixed cadaveric heads to revise the JF's surgical anatomy and high part of the carotid sheath compared with surgical cases to understand and preserve the integrity of lower CNs. The method involves radical mastoidectomy, microdissection of the JF, facial nerve, and high neck just below the carotid canal and the JF. The CNs IX, X, XI, and XII are microscopically dissected and kept in sight up to the JF. Results This study realized well the surgical and applied anatomy of the lower CNs with relation to the facial nerve and JF. Conclusions The JF anatomy is complicated, and the key to safely operate on it and preserving the lower CNs is to find the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, to skeletonize the facial nerve, to remove the mastoid tip preserving the stylomastoid foramen, to skeletonize the sigmoid sinus and posterior fossa dura not only anterior but also posteroinferior to reach and drill the jugular tubercle.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of allopathic and complementary medicine use for preventing the infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire among general adult population (n = 16,724) of the 32 Mexican states from March to November 2020. Methods The factors associated with the use, self-medication practice, and adverse reactions due the consumption of allopathic and complementary medicine to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The suspected adverse reactions associated with the use of drugs or complementary medicine were reported. Results The prevalence (42.9%) of allopathic and/or complementary medicine use for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection was mainly associated with unemployment [OR:2.026 (1.722–2.283)]. Acetaminophen (n = 2272) and vitamin C (n = 3252) were the main allopathic and complementary medicine products used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. The prevalence of self-medication and adverse reactions was 35.3% and 4.8%, respectively. Self-medication [OR:1.930 (1.633–2.282)] and adverse reactions [OR:2.603 (2.015–3.363)] were mainly associated with individuals of low socioeconomic status. Hydroxychloroquine (21.2%) and chloroquine (15.2%) showed the highest prevalence of adverse reactions, which were mainly related to gastrointestinal disorders. Conclusion The use of medications and complementary medicine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection is prevalent (almost one-half of the respondents) among Mexican population, and it is mainly associated with unemployment. Self-medication and the adverse reactions derived from self-medication are also prevalent and seem to be influenced by low socioeconomic status.

Background: Pediatric self-medication is based on the subjective interpretation of symptoms in children by the mother or an adult, the decision to self-medicate is made by a third party. The objective of this work is to provide information on the factors and practices associated with the self-medication of children among parents in Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2021 on Mexican parents with children under 12 years of age. Online questionnaires were completed with sections on sociodemographic characteristics, use of medicines or medicinal plants and their treated symptoms, sources of collection, and their recommendation. Results: A total of 9905 online surveys were completed with representation from the 32 states of Mexico, and the prevalence of self-medication was 49.6% (n = 4908). Associated factors were age, having two or more children, children with chronic illnesses, medium educational level, unemployment or employment unrelated to health, medium and high socioeconomic level, and lack of medical security. Respondents self-medicated their children on the recommendation of a family member or friend (55.8%), and own initiative (28%). The most used medication was VapoRub (61.3%), followed by paracetamol (56.9%) and chamomile (33.1%), and the most prevalent symptoms were flu/flow (47.7%) followed by cough (34.2%). The main reasons were perceiving symptoms as not serious (69.9%) and reusing medications (51.9%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of self-medication in children in Mexico, mainly associated with children with chronic diseases and families with three or more children.

National audience

The first iodine(III)-based procedure for the benzylic oxidation of different arenes is described by using the (PhIO)n/Al(NO3)3 system under catalytic conditions leading to the formation of the cor...

Nowadays, several options are available to treat patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Whenever surgical intervention is not possible or contra-indicated, and amplification by a conventional hearing device (e.g., behind-the-ear device) is not feasible, then implantable hearing devices are an indispensable next option. Implantable bone-conduction devices and middle-ear implants have advantages but also limitations concerning complexity/invasiveness of the surgery, medical complications, and effectiveness. To counsel the patient, the clinician should have a good overview of the options with regard to safety and reliability as well as unequivocal technical performance data. The present consensus document is the outcome of an extensive iterative process including ENT specialists, audiologists, health-policy scientists, and representatives/technicians of the main companies in this field. This document should provide a first framework for procedures and technical characterization to enhance effective communication between these stakeholders, improving health care. ispartof: OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY vol:43 issue:5 pages:513-529 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Zygomycetes are ubiquitous saprophytes in natural environments which transform organic matter. Some zygomycetes of gender Mucor have attracted interest in health sector. Due to its ability as opportunistic microorganisms infecting immuno-compromised people and to the few available pharmacological treatments, the mucormycosis is receiving worldwide attention. Concerning to the pharmacological treatments, some triazole-based compounds such as fluconazole are extensively used. Nevertheless, we focused in the quinolines since they are broadly used models for the design and development of new synthetic antifungal agents. In this study, the fungistatic activity on M. circinelloides of various 2-aryl-4-aryloxyquinoline-based compounds was discovered, and in some cases, it resulted better than reference compound fluconazole. These quinoline derivatives were synthesized via the C

Study question The opinion and feelings of adults after disclosure of the use of donated gametes for their conception Summary answer Disclosure is beneficial for 85.1% of donor conceived participants. Continuing the sharing-information process with parents is significantly easier when the father took part in disclosure What is known already Sharing information about the use of donor-conception with offspring is a complex process at several levels, involving in particular the parents’ will, the circumstances of disclosure, the child’s reaction, or the age of the child at disclosure. In this process, the child has a central position, source of force or friction. However, little is known about the opinion and feelings of adults who have been conceived through gamete donation. Study design, size, duration An online survey between March 2019 and September 2020. The opening of investigation was announced in media (press, radio, television), social networks, professional websites (CECOS French Federation…) and through interest groups (PMAnonyme, BAMP!, MAIA, ADEDD…) in France. Participants/materials, setting, methods Participants completed a standardized questionnaire intended for (spermatozoa or oocyte) donor conceived adults, available on the AP-HM website Main results and the role of chance 114 participants responded to the survey, 14 men and 100 women. The average age is 32.9 +/- 7.35 years old. Among them, 111 (97.4%) are born using sperm donation, 2 (1.8%) using oocyte donation, and 1 (0.9%) using double gamete donation. Their parents are 110 heterosexual couples, 3 single mothers, and 1 lesbian couple. For 113 (99.1%) of them, the parents had ART in France. Disclosure took place when they had 18.34+/–11.7 years old. The average time between disclosure and the survey participation is 14.58 +/- 8.77 years. Information was transmitted by the mother for 47.4%, the father for 8.8%, by both parents for 29.8%, and others for 14%. The circumstances of information are: always knew it (11.4%), at a time chosen by the parents (36%), following a health event (7%), during a conflict (16%), following my questions (14%), by chance discovery (13.2%). A subsequent sharing process was possible after disclosure for 89 (78.1%) participants, and impossible for 25 (21.9%) of them. The sharing process is considered as not difficult for 49.5%, but difficult for 50.5%. It is significantly easier to repeat discussion about the donor conception with their parents when the father took part in disclosure (p = 0.02). Limitations, reasons for caution Most of the participants are members of interest groups. This may induce a risk of selection bias. Participants are primarily conceived using donated spermatozoa within heterosexual couples. This conclusion may not be applied to oocyte donation or other family models. Wider implications of the findings: The present findings highlight the role of the father at the disclosure step, so that the subsequent information-sharing process is easier within the family. Trial registration number Not applicable

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a great concern worldwide. There is a great need to develop new drugs with the potential to attack target cells that show MDR phenotype. The purpose of this study was to assess the reversing effect of new N-alkyl-3,4-diarylmaleimides on Bacillus subtilis resistant to rhodamine 6G as an indicator of its activity as modulators of efflux pumps and their additional potential as new antimicrobials. The efflux pump modulator effects of N-alkyl-3-4-diarylmaleimides were tested using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on B. subtilis wild type and B. subtilis resistant to R6G, as well as on MDR bacteria isolated from clinical samples (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, and Acinetobacter baumannii). In addition, their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on clinical isolates. Five N-alkyl-3,4-diarylmaleimides showed the highest reversing activity on the resistance in the Bacillus model as well as with the bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Antimicrobial activity was observed in N-alkyl-3,4-diarylmaleimides against bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The results suggest that N-alkyl-3,4-diarylmaleimides have a potential activity in reversing MDR phenotype and as antimicrobials and may be considered as a potentially molecules to improve chemotherapy on resistant cells.

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract leading to trichomoniasis, the most common sexually-transmitted non-viral disease worldwide. The immune response plays a critical role in the host defense against this parasite. Trichomonas' DNA contains unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA) that in other microorganisms act as modulators of the immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CpGDNA immune modulation are still unclear. As macrophages participate in the first line of defense against infection, we investigated the type of immune response of murine macrophages to T. vaginalis DNA (TvDNA). We observed high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 in macrophages stimulated with TvDNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory response, assessed by IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA expression was delayed. This suggests that the immune response induced by TvDNA is modulated through cytokine production, mediated partly by NADPH-oxidase activity, as TvDNA induced reactive species of oxygen production and a rounded morphology in macrophages indicative of an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infected mice pretreated with TvDNA displayed persistent vulvar inflammation and decreased parasite viability consistent with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during infection compared to untreated mice. Overall, our findings suggest that TvDNA pretreatment modulates the immune response favouring parasite elimination.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Mexico ranks second in the world for obesity prevalence. In Mexico, obese and overweight subjects commonly seek alternative treatments for weight-loss, including the use of herbal products. Aim of the study The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with herbal products for weight-loss among overweight and obese subjects residing in four states (Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, State of Mexico, and Mexico City) from central Mexico. In addition, the factors related to self-medication among patients were studied. Materials and methods A total of 1404 overweight and obese subjects were interviewed. A chi-square test examined associations between socio-demographic and socio-economic information, and self-medication with herbal products for weight-loss. Results The prevalence of self-medication was 42.9% among the participants who used herbal products for weight-loss. The female gender was the strongest factor (OR: 2.20 (1.75–2.77) associated with self-medication for weight-loss, followed by a low educational level (elementary and middle school) [OR: 1.80 (1.31–2.44)], and a middle-socioeconomic status [OR: 1.75 (1.21–2.52)]. The main herbal products used for weight-loss were based on: i) green tea, Camellia sinensis (12.7% of frequency), ii) aceitilla, Bidens odorata (6.6%), and iii) soybean, Glycine max (5.3%). In addition, 65% of the respondents considered herbal products ineffective for weight-loss after 6 months of use. Conclusion Due to the high incidence of overweight and obesity in Mexico, there is a high prevalence (42.9%) of self-medication using natural products for weight-loss, particularly in women from Central Mexico. This study indicates the important need to educate patients about the harmful effects of consuming these products.

Introdução : A expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) consiste na separação das extremidades ósseas da sutura palatina mediana no tratamento da maxila atrésica. A força de expansão atuando nos dentes causa efeitos indesejáveis. Vários pesquisadores investigaram como aumentar os efeitos esqueléticos e diminuir os efeitos colaterais dentários, usando mini-implantes (MI) como dispositivos de ancoragem esquelética temporária (MARPE). Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos esqueléticos e dentários do método convencional e do MARPE, no tratamento das atresias e mordidas cruzadas posteriores maxilares nos adolescentes e jovens adultos. Material e métodos: Formulou-se uma questão, segundo a estratégia PICOS e com orientação do PRISMA. Foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas basas de dados online Pubmed, Cochrane library, Science direct e Virtual Health library entre 2016 e o 03-2021, usando palavras-chave. A pesquisa identificou um total de 251 artigos e após uma análise rigorosa foram selecionados 14 artigos. Resultados: O MARPE é bem tolerado pelos pacientes, provoca menos inclinação dentária, menos alterações ao nível, do osso, das raízes e da cavidade pulpar dos dentes comparando à técnica convencional. Existe uma controvérsia sobre a sua designação e sobre os protocolos de ativação que diferem entre os vários estudos. O MARPE provoca alterações na cavidade nasal e na cavidade orbitária. Conclusão: O MARPE tem vantagens para os adolescentes e jovens adultos porque diminui os efeitos secundários e aumenta a eficácia do tratamento. Mais pesquisas devem ser feitas para otimizar esta técnica relativamente recente. Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) consists on separating the bone ends of the midpalatal suture in the treatment of the atrophic maxilla. The expansion force acting on the teeth causes undesirable effects. Several researchers have investigated how to increase skeletal effects and decrease dental side effects by using mini implants (MI) as temporary skeletal anchorage devices (MARPE). Objectives: To compare the skeletal and dental effects of conventional and MARPE methods in the treatment of maxillary atresia and posterior crossbite in adolescents and young adults. Material and methods: A question has been formulated, according to the PICOS strategy and with PRISMA guidance. A bibliographic search has been conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane library, Science direct and Virtual Health library online databases between 2016 and March 2021 using some keywords. The search identified a total of 251 articles and after rigorous analysis 14 articles were selected. Results: MARPE is well tolerated by patients, it causes less tooth tipping, less changes on the bone, roots and pulp cavity of teeth compared to conventional technique. There is a controversy in the designation and the activation protocols that differ among several studies. MARPE causes changes in the nasal and orbital cavities. Conclusion: MARPE has advantages for adolescents and young adults because it decreases side effects and increases treatment efficacy. More research should be done to optimize this recent technique.

International audience; Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is a major public health issue. About half the phenotypic variance has been attributed to genetic factors. Here, we assessed the contribution to presbycusis of ultrarare pathogenic variants, considered indicative of Mendelian forms. We focused on severe presbycusis without environmental or comorbidity risk factors and studied multiplex family age-related hearing loss (mARHL) and simplex/sporadic age-related hearing loss (sARHL) cases and controls with normal hearing by whole-exome sequencing. Ultrarare variants (allele frequency [AF] < 0.0001) of 35 genes responsible for autosomal dominant early-onset forms of deafness, predicted to be pathogenic, were detected in 25.7% of mARHL and 22.7% of sARHL cases vs. 7.5% of controls ( P = 0.001); half were previously unknown (AF < 0.000002). MYO6 , MYO7A , PTPRQ , and TECTA variants were present in 8.9% of ARHL cases but less than 1% of controls. Evidence for a causal role of variants in presbycusis was provided by pathogenicity prediction programs, documented haploinsufficiency, three-dimensional structure/function analyses, cell biology experiments, and reported early effects. We also established Tmc1 N321I/+ mice, carrying the TMC1 :p.(Asn327Ile) variant detected in an mARHL case, as a mouse model for a monogenic form of presbycusis. Deafness gene variants can thus result in a continuum of auditory phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that the genetics of presbycusis is shaped by not only well-studied polygenic risk factors of small effect size revealed by common variants but also, ultrarare variants likely resulting in monogenic forms, thereby paving the way for treatment with emerging inner ear gene therapy.

Self-medication during pregnancy represents a serious threat for mother and child health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with self-medication among Mexican women living in the central region of Mexico. This is a descriptive interview-study of 1798 pregnant women or women who were pregnant no more than 3 years ago, when the interview was carried out. Data analysis was carried out with chi-square analysis and odds ratio. The prevalence of self-medication (allopathic drugs, medicinal plants, and other products, including vitamins, food supplements, among others) was 21.9%. The factors associated (p

Resume Les causes responsables de troubles de l’equilibre sont multiples et le syndrome subjectif des traumatises crâniens reste un diagnostic d’elimination. Neanmoins, avec l’avancee des differentes explorations fonctionnelles oto-neurologiques et de l’imagerie cerebrale, il est maintenant possible d’objectiver le plus souvent cette plainte fonctionnelle. Ces dernieres annees, de nouveaux diagnostics ont ete mis en evidence, ce qui a permis une meilleure reconnaissance de ces pathologies dans le domaine de la reparation du dommage corporel. Nous tenterons de preciser l’ensemble de ces etiologies et de determiner, grâce a une synthese de la litterature, les elements pertinents pouvant modifier la prise en charge de ces patients, particulierement dans le domaine expertal.

The causes of balance disorder are many and various, and the subjective syndrome of cranial trauma patients is diagnosed by elimination. Progress in otoneurologic functional exploration and brain imaging, however, now generally allow this functional complaint to be given an objective basis. In recent years, new diagnoses have improved recognition of such pathologies in the appraisal of corporal injury for compensation purposes. The present article seeks to detail etiology and, by a review of the literature, to determine factors liable to influence management and appraisal in particular.

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract leading to trichomoniasis, the most common sexually-transmitted non-viral disease worldwide. The immune response plays a critical role in the host defense against this parasite. Trichomonas' DNA contains unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA) that in other microorganisms act as modulators of the immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CpGDNA immune modulation are still unclear. As macrophages participate in the first line of defense against infection, we investigated the type of immune response of murine macrophages to T. vaginalis DNA (TvDNA). We observed high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 in macrophages stimulated with TvDNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory response, assessed by IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA expression was delayed. This suggests that the immune response induced by TvDNA is modulated through cytokine production, mediated partly by NADPH-oxidase activity, as TvDNA induced reactive species of oxygen production and a rounded morphology in macrophages indicative of an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infected mice pretreated with TvDNA displayed persistent vulvar inflammation and decreased parasite viability consistent with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during infection compared to untreated mice. Overall, our findings suggest that TvDNA pretreatment modulates the immune response favouring parasite elimination.

The present study aims to evaluate the antiarthritic activity of diacetylcurcumin (DAC), a synthetic derivative where the free phenolic groups of curcumin are derivatized by acetylation, thereby conferring greater lipophilicity to the parent molecule and partially overcoming the limited systemic bioavailability of curcumin. Antiarthritic activity was evaluated on a Freund&rsquo, s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced murine model of arthritis. Oral administration of DAC (60 and 120 mg/kg) resulted in a significant inhibition of inflammation in the acute and chronic phases, respectively, demonstrating an improved and sustained anti-inflammatory effect, comparable to that of curcumin (150 mg/kg) in the chronic stage at a lower dose. Phenylbutazone (80 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The pharmacological consequence of DAC or curcumin treatment is the prevention of secondary lesions commonly associated with this biological model.

International audience; A growing number of studies indicate that cognitive complaints are common in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders. A better understanding of how vestibular disorders influence cognition in these patients requires a clear delineation of the cognitive domains affected by vestibular disorders. Here, we compared the consequences of left and right vestibular neurec-tomy on third-person perspective taking-a visuo-spatial task requiring mainly own-body mental imagery, and on 3D objects mental rotation imagery-requiring object-based mental imagery, but no perspective taking. Patients tested 1 week after a unilateral vestibular neurectomy and a group of age-and gender-matched healthy participants played a virtual ball-tossing game from their own first-person perspective (1PP) and from the perspective of a distant avatar (third-person perspective, 3PP). Results showed larger response times in the patients with respect to their controls for the 3PP taking task, but not for the 1PP task and the 3D objects mental imagery. In addition, we found that only patients with left vestibular neurectomy presented altered 3PP taking abilities when compared to their controls. This study suggests that unilateral vestibular loss affects mainly own-body mental transformation and that only left vestibular loss seems to impair this cognitive process. Our study also brings further evidence that vestibular signals contribute to the sensorimotor bases of social cognition and strengthens the connections between the so far distinct fields of social neuroscience and human vestibular physiology.

Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng) Less (Asteraceae) is a shrub used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and renal diseases. The ent-dihydrotucumanoic acid (DTA) is a diterpene obtained from G. glutinosum. This study evaluated the antioxidant, genotoxic, and diuretic properties of DTA, as well as its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. The antioxidant actions of DTA were assessed with the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, the genotoxic action was assessed with the comet assay, and the diuretic effects of DTA were assessed using metabolic cages. The anti-inflammatory actions were evaluated using primary murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and the λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test. DTA lacked antioxidant (IC50 > 25,000 μg/mL) activity in the ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays. DTA at 500-1,000 μg/mL showed moderate genotoxicity. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, DTA showed IC50 values of 74.85 μg/mL (TNF-α) and 58.12 μg/mL (NO), whereas the maximum inhibition of IL-6 (24%) and IL-1β (36%) was recorded at 200 μg/mL. DTA induced in vivo anti-inflammatory effects with ED50 = 124.3 mg/kg. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of DTA seems to be associated with the decrease in the release of TNF-α and NO. DTA promoted the excretion of urine (ED50 = 86.9 mg/kg), Na+ (ED50 = 66.7 mg/kg), and K+ (ED50 = 8.6 mg/kg). The coadministration of DTA with L-NAME decreased the urinary excretion shown by DTA alone. Therefore, the diuretic activity is probably associated with the participation of nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, DTA exerted anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects, but lacked antioxidant effects.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) is a shrub empirically used as diuretic, and for the treatment of neurological disorders. These pharmacological effects have not been previously evaluated. Aim of the study To evaluate the diuretic and CNS effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Senna septemtrionalis aerial parts (SSE). Materials and methods Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to perform a chemical analysis with SSE. In all tests, SSE was evaluated from 10 to 100 mg/kg p.o. The diuretic activity of SSE was assessed in mice individually placed in metabolic cages. After 6 h, the urine volume and the electrolyte excretion (Na and K) were measured. The role of prostaglandins and nitric oxide was assessed administrating mice with indomethacin and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), prior the administration of 100 mg/kg SSE. The sedative effects of SSE were analyzed with the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test. The effects of SSE on motor coordination in mice were evaluated with the rotarod test. The antidepressant-like activity of SSE was analyzed with the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). The role of 5-HT2 receptor, α1-and α2-adrenoceptors, or muscarinic receptors was assessed administrating mice with cyproheptadine, prazosin, yohimbine, and atropine, respectively, prior the administration of 100 mg/kg SSE in the FST. The anxiolytic-like activity of SSE (10–100 mg/kg p.o.) was assessed using the light-dark test (LDB), the elevated plus maze test (EPM), the cylinder exploratory test, and the open field test (OFT). The anticonvulsant effect of SSE (1–100 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice administered with different convulsant agents: strychnine, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), isoniazid (INH) or yohimbine. Results The main compound found in SSE was D-pinitol (42.2%). SSE (100 mg/kg) increased the urinary volume (2.67-fold), as well as the excretion of Na (5.60-fold) and K (7.2-fold). The co-administration of SSE with L-NAME or indomethacin reverted the diuretic activity shown by SSE alone. SSE lacked sedative effects and did not affect motor coordination in mice. SSE (100 mg/kg) showed higher and similar antidepressant-like effect, compared to 20 mg/kg fluoxetine, in the FST and TST, respectively. The co-administration of SSE with yohimbine reverted the antidepressant-like activity shown by SSE alone. SSE (100 mg/kg) showed anxiolytic-like activity in the four models of anxiety, with similar activity with 1.5 mg/kg clonazepam. The seizure-protective effect of SSE was ED50 = 73.9 ± 8.4 mg/kg (INH) and 40.4 ± 5.2 mg/kg (yohimbine). Conclusion The diuretic effects of SSE involve the possible contribution of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. SSE showed moderate anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, whereas the participation of α2-adrenoceptors is probably associated in the antidepressant-like effects of SSE.

International audience

Les concepteurs de barrage redoutent bien évidemment une cuvette non étanche, remettant en cause l’économie et les objectifs du projet engendrés par des fuites de débits élevés, quant à la perte de productible ou à la perte d’eau pour l’agriculture ou l’alimentation en eau potable. Le cas particulier des fuites par des lits fossiles est moins documenté que les fuites en contexte karstique. On illustre ici cette problématique par deux exemples qui ont forgé le début de carrière de Pierre Duffaut, jeune ingénieur au Service Géologie d’Électricité de France (EDF) : les lits fossiles du Drac, en contexte fluvio-glaciaire, sur l’aménagement de Monteynard et les lits fossiles de la Loire, en contexte volcanique, sur l’aménagement de Montpezat. Dans ces deux exemples, les lits fossiles sont associés à des épigénies, c’est-à-dire à un nouvel enfoncement du cours d’eau dans sa plaine de comblement alluvial. Lors des études géologiques préliminaires, les indices sont souvent ténus, et l’approche morphologique promue par Pierre Duffaut demeure un outil simple et efficace pour optimiser l’implantation des campagnes de reconnaissances.

Resume Introduction Le lambeau antero-lateral de cuisse (ALT) libre represente une alternative au lambeau antebrachial radial et de grand dorsal en reconstruction cervico-faciale. Nous presentons un cas de reconstruction mastoidienne chez une patiente presentant un cholesteatome multi-opere avec dysfonction tubaire. Cas clinique Notre patiente presentait une fistule du canal semi-circulaire lateral et une invagination des tissus mous retro-auriculaires responsables d’une sub-areflexie non compensee avec cophose. Elle ne presentait pas de recidive cholesteatomateuse mais une inflammation chronique de la cavite d’evidement. Le temps ORL a consiste en une labyrinthectomie translabyrinthique : exerese de la peau retro-auriculaire atrophique, resection du tissu neuro-sensoriel vestibulaire et comblement de la cavite. Un lambeau ALT mesurant 5 × 5 cm, branche sur l’artere thyroidienne superieure et la veine faciale, a ete utilise en couverture. Un degraissage prudent a permis de combler le defect tout en apportant une quantite de tissus adaptee et sans exces. Les suites operatoires ont ete simples et la patiente considerablement amelioree. Une cicatrice lineaire discrete represente la seule sequelle au site donneur. Conclusion Fiable, polyvalent, faconnable et entrainant une faible morbidite du site donneur, le lambeau antero-lateral de cuisse libre est une alternative de choix en reconstruction cervico-faciale.

Objectif : Créer et valider un modèle de CAE normal par impression en 3D bio-fidèles aux CAE humains. Méthodologie : Nous avons prélevé dix CAE humains sur des pièces anatomiques. Après acquisition volumique sur un scanner conventionnel, la conception numérique des CAE en 3D comportait une segmentation et la mise en place d’un support tympanique. Nous avons utilisé du PLA pour l’impression et du ruban adhésif pour simuler une MT artificielle. La vélocimétrie de l’umbo a été mesurée au moyen d’un laser couplé à une chaine acoustique de stimulation-recueil dédiée. Résultats : Comparés aux CAE humains, les modèles ont montré des réponses identiques statistiquement. Un second pic était observé à 5 kHz sur le pattern des CAE imprimés. Les hautes fréquences montraient un profil plus chaotique. Conclusion : Les CAE imprimés en 3D sont des modèles valides et bio-fidèles aux CAE humains. La normalisation des amplifications observées permet d’obtenir un modèle utile pour l’optimisation des dispositifs d’amplification ou de protection auditifs.

The determination of the mechanical properties governing the stability of an existing dam is complex, in particular because of the discontinuities present in the foundation and the interface between the dam and the foundation. These properties are the tensile strength, the cohesion and the angle of friction. EDF, IRSTEA, Sherbrooke University, Hydro-Québec, Clermont-Auvergne University and IFSTTAR have initiated research in order to produce data useful for understanding the failure mechanisms and to propose methodologies to assess mechanical properties in an engineering context. The results of the tensile and shear tests on concrete-rock interfaces are published in the present article. The main results can be summarized as follows. The tensile strengths obtained in tests are between 0.2 and 0.5 MPa depending on the rock type whereas a null tensile strength is usually assumed for initial calculations. The cohesion ranges between 1 and 2.5 MPa in large scale tests, as compared to 100 kPa recommended for initial calculations. These results outline the conservatism of default values and the hidden margins generally present in mechanical characteristic estimations. All the test results can be exchanged and shared with the engineers interested in the subject. The article also presents methodologies for determining the characteristics of rock discontinuities in shear and thus the tensile strength characteristics of the concrete-rock interface. Perspectives are proposed such as the characterization of the apparent cohesion of rock discontinuities and the estimation of the geometry of the dam-foundation contact by non-destructive methods., La détermination des caractéristiques mécaniques régissant la stabilité d'un barrage existant peut s'avérer complexe notamment en ce qui concerne les discontinuités présentes en fondation et à l'interface barrage-fondation. Ces caractéristiques sont la résistance à la traction, la cohésion et l'angle de frottement. Fort de ce constat, EDF, IRSTEA, l'université de Sherbrooke, Hydro-Québec, l'université de Clermont-Auvergne et IFSTTAR ont lancé des travaux de recherche ces dernières années de manière d'une part à créer des données utiles à la compréhension des mécanismes de rupture et d'autre part à proposer des méthodologies d'estimation des caractéristiques mécaniques utilisables directement par l'ingénierie. Le présent article donne les principaux résultats des essais de traction et de cisaillement sur des interfaces béton-rocher. Ces résultats mettent en évidence une résistance à la traction comprise entre 0,2 et 0,5 MPa en fonction du type de rocher alors qu'une résistance à la traction nulle est généralement prise en compte pour le calcul en première approche. Les cohésions obtenues sur des essais à grande échelle sont comprises entre 1 et 2,5 MPa à comparer aux 100 kPa pris pour le calcul en première approche. Ces résultats pourraient faire l'objet d'échange et de partage avec les ingénieries intéressées par le sujet. L'article présente également des méthodologies de détermination des caractéristiques de discontinuités rocheuses en cisaillement ainsi que des caractéristiques de résistance à la traction de l'interface béton-rocher. Des perspectives sont proposées quant à de futures actions de recherche prometteuses telles que la caractérisation de la cohésion apparente des discontinuités rocheuses et l'estimation de la géométrie du contact barrage-fondation par des méthodes non-destructives.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels; International audience; Ce poster présente des travaux portant sur l'estimation des propriétés mécaniques du contact barrage-fondation et des discontinuités du massif rocheux

Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is defined as an abnormal communication between the fluid (perilymph)-filled space of the inner ear and the air-filled space of the middle ear and mastoid, or cranial spaces. PLF is located in the round or oval window, fractured bony labyrinth, microfissures, anomalous footplate, and can occur after head trauma or barotrauma, chronic inflammation, or in otic capsule dehiscence. This clinical entity was initially proposed more than a century ago, yet it has remained a topic of controversy for more than 50 years. The difficulty of making a definitive diagnosis of PLF has caused a long-standing debate regarding its prevalence, natural history, management and even its very existence. In this present study, we will discuss the symptoms, physiological tests (focusing on vestibular assessment) and imaging studies. Referring to a previous criticism, we will share our classification of PLF into 4 categories. Furthermore, we will summarize a nationwide survey using a novel and widely used biomarker (Cochlin-tomoprotein [CTP]) for PLF diagnosis in Japan and present the results of the new diagnostic criteria. PLF is surgically correctable by sealing the fistula, and appropriate recognition and treatment of PLF can improve hearing and balance, and in turn, improve the quality of life of afflicted patients. Therefore, PLF is an especially important treatable disease for otologists.

La langue orale maternelle s’apprend par imitation des adultes, au sein de la famille, puis a l’ecole. Sa transmission allie une dimension physique (coordination des gestes vocaux realises dans la bouche) a des dimensions sociale et culturelle (fonction patrimoniale du langage). Nous, adultes, avons tellement automatise nos gestes langagiers que nous oublions souvent la necessaire pratique ritualisee permettant aux enfants de « jouer en langue » comme on joue de la musique. Apprendre une langue repose pourtant sur la gestion du souffle, du son et de la prononciation. Cet ouvrage, qui met en pratique les principes developpes dans Voix et gestes professionnels des memes auteurs, propose un ensemble d’exercices langagiers sous la forme de courts rituels quotidiens (15 minutes pendant 14 semaines). Les textes travailles sont des comptines, des chansons traditionnelles et des virelangues qui permettent de s’entrainer a la prononciation des voyelles et des consonnes, notamment des consonnes occlusives (p, t, k, par exemple) et fricatives (f, s, ch, par exemple), dans des sequences de souffles. La fonction patrimoniale du langage se realise autour de trois types d’activites : Exercices de souffle, repetition de sons et de virelangues pour s’entrainer a bien prononcer. Apprentissage de poesies, de chants ou de comptines - repetition puis memorisation. Attention conjointe autour d’une histoire racontee par l’enseignant.

International audience; La langue orale maternelle s'apprend par imitation des adultes, au sein de la famille, puis à l'école. Sa transmission allie une dimension physique (coordination des gestes vocaux réalisés dans la bouche) à des dimensions sociale et culturelle (socialisation des enfants). Nous, adultes, avons tellement automatisé nos gestes langagiers que nous oublions souvent la nécessaire pratique ritualisée permettant aux enfants de « jouer en langue » comme on joue de la musique. Apprendre une langue repose pourtant sur la gestion du souffle, du son, de la prononciation et de l'énonciation. Cet ouvrage invite à mettre en pratique un ensemble d'exercices langagiers sous la forme de courts rituels quotidiens (15 minutes pendant 21 semaines) à partir d'un corpus de classiques du patrimoine (virelangues, comptines, poésies...) qui permettent de s'entrainer à la prononciation.

International audience; Background: Stem cell-based therapies are an attractive option to promote regeneration and repair defective tissues and organs. Thanks to their multipotency, high proliferation rate and the lack of major ethical limitations, "olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells" (OE-MSCs) have been described as a promising candidate to treat a variety of damaged tissues. Easily accessible in the nasal cavity of most mammals, these cells are highly suitable for autologous cell-based therapies and do not face issues associated with other stem cells. However, their clinical use in humans and animals is limited due to a lack of preclinical studies on autologous transplantation and because no well-established methods currently exist to cultivate these cells. Here we evaluated the feasibility of collecting, purifying and amplifying OE-MSCs from different mammalian genera with the goal of promoting their interest in veterinary regenerative medicine. Biopsies of olfactory mucosa from eight mammalian genera (mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, dog, horse, gray mouse lemur and macaque) were collected, using techniques derived from those previously used in humans and rats. The possibility of amplifying these cells and their stemness features and differentiation capability were then evaluated. Results: Biopsies were successfully performed on olfactory mucosa without requiring the sacrifice of the donor animal, except mice. Cell populations were rapidly generated from olfactory mucosa explants. These cells displayed similar key features of their human counterparts: a fibroblastic morphology, a robust expression of nestin, an ability to form spheres and similar expression of surface markers (CD44, CD73). Moreover, most of them also exhibited high proliferation rates and clonogenicity with genus-specific properties. Finally, OE-MSCs also showed the ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineages. Conclusions: This article describes for the first time how millions of OE-MSCs can be quickly and easily obtained from different mammalian genera through protocols that are well-suited for autologous transplantations. Moreover, their multipotency makes them relevant to evaluate therapeutic application in a wide variety of tissue injury models. This study paves the way for the development of new fundamental and clinical studies based on OE-MSCs transplantation and suggests their interest in veterinary medicine.

Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is defined as an abnormal communication between the fluid (perilymph)-filled space of the inner ear and the air-filled space of the middle ear and mastoid, or cranial spaces. PLF is located in the round or oval window, fractured bony labyrinth, microfissures, anomalous footplate, and can occur after head trauma or barotrauma, chronic inflammation, or in otic capsule dehiscence. This clinical entity was initially proposed more than a century ago, yet it has remained a topic of controversy for more than 50 years. The difficulty of making a definitive diagnosis of PLF has caused a long-standing debate regarding its prevalence, natural history, management and even its very existence. In this present study, we will discuss the symptoms, physiological tests (focusing on vestibular assessment) and imaging studies. Referring to a previous criticism, we will share our classification of PLF into 4 categories. Furthermore, we will summarize a nationwide survey using a novel and widely used biomarker (Cochlin-tomoprotein [CTP]) for PLF diagnosis in Japan and present the results of the new diagnostic criteria. PLF is surgically correctable by sealing the fistula, and appropriate recognition and treatment of PLF can improve hearing and balance, and in turn, improve the quality of life of afflicted patients. Therefore, PLF is an especially important treatable disease for otologists.

La réévaluation des chargements hydrologiques ou sismiques ainsi que l’évolution des règles concernant la justification de la stabilité des barrages-poids conduisent à la mise à jour périodique des études de stabilité de barrages existants. Pour réaliser ces études, les caractéristiques mécaniques de l’ouvrage et notamment les caractéristiques mécaniques de l’interface barrage-fondation doivent être évaluées. C’est dans ce cadre qu’EDF a lancé des travaux de recherches ces dernières années afin de mieux caractériser cette interface barrage-fondation : résistances à la traction et au cisaillement mais également géométrie du contact.

CIGB 2018, 26è Congrès des Grands Barrages, Vienne, AUTRICHE, 01-/07/2018 - 07/07/2018; La détermination des caractéristiques mécaniques régissant la stabilité d'un barrage existant peut s'avérer complexe notamment en ce qui concerne les discontinuités présentes en fondation et à l'interface barrage-fondation. Ces caractéristiques sont la résistance à la traction, la cohésion et l'angle de frottement. Fort de ce constat, IRSTEA et EDF ont lancé des travaux de recherche ces dernières années de manière d'une part à créer des données utiles à la compréhension des mécanismes de rupture et d'autre part à proposer des méthodologies d'estimation des caractéristiques mécaniques utilisables directement par l'ingénierie. Le présent article donne les principaux résultats des essais de traction et de cisaillement sur des interfaces béton-rocher. Ces résultats pourraient faire l'objet d'échange et de partage avec les ingénieries intéressées par le sujet. L'article présente également des méthodologies de détermination des caractéristiques de discontinuités rocheuses en cisaillement ainsi que des caractéristiques de résistance à la traction de l'interface béton-rocher. Des perspectives sont proposées quant à de futures actions de recherche prometteuses telles que la caractérisation de la cohésion apparente des discontinuités rocheuses et l'estimation de la géométrie du contact barrage-fondation par des méthodes non-destructives.

Resume Les auteurs passent en revue quatre etudes des mecanismes de compensation vestibulaire, utilisant differents methodes d’analyse, menees chez des patients atteints d’une maladie de Meniere ayant subi une neurotomie vestibulaire unilaterale, et decrivent les differentes strategies utilisees par les patients, qui varient en fonction des preferences sensorielles preoperatoires. Il s’agit d’une revue de 4 etudes prospectives menees dans un centre tertiaire universitaire de reference, qui evaluent la compensation vestibulaire chez des patients atteints d’une maladie de Meniere avant et apres neurotomie vestibulaire, utilisant differents protocoles d’evaluation : analyse du syndrome postural par la posturographie statique et par l’etude de la marche, du syndrome perceptif par l’etude de la perception de la verticale visuelle et du syndrome oculomoteur par l’etude de la cyclotorsion oculaire. Ces quatre etudes montrent que la compensation vestibulaire s’effectue avec des delais variables selon les parametres mesures. Les yeux ouverts, le controle postural et les performances de la marche et du pas sont retablis un mois apres la chirurgie. Des analyses fines de l’equilibre montrent que des perturbations de la verticale visuelle subjective et de la cyclotorsion persistent a distance. En pratique, revelees uniquement en supprimant les informations visuelles, les perturbations posturales sont les temoins d’un changement de strategie de leur equilibration en faveur d’une nouvelle utilisation des references visuelles et non-visuelles. La connaissance des strategies d’equilibration, des le stade preoperatoire, permettrait de depister les patients a risque d’instabilite et d’orienter les patients vers une strategie de reeducation vestibulaire specifiquement adaptee.