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ÖZTürkiye’de planlamaya dayalı iktisadi kalkınmanın ilk örneğini 1934 yılında uygulamaya konulan Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı oluşturmaktadır. İlerleyen yıllarda devam eden planlama girişimleri sonunda 1961 yılında Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı’nın kurulmasıyla birlikte Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planları uygulamaya konulmuştur. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında iktisadi büyüme, sektörel büyüme, istihdam, yaşam koşulları, adalet vb. birçok konulara yer verilmektedir. Ülkelerin ileriki dönemde izleyecekleri politikalar için yol haritası niteliği taşıması bakımından önemi büyüktür. Türkiye’de uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında vergi politikalarına da geniş ölçüde yer verilmekte olup genel olarak belirlenen hedefler; vergi hasılatının artırılması, vergi adaletinin sağlanması ve verginin tabana yayılması gibi başlıklarda toplanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1980-2000 yılları arasında uygulanan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikaları hedefleri ve bu hedeflerin gerçekleşme durumları değerlendirilmiştir. İlk olarak her plan kapsamında plan dönemine ilişkin hedefler ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş ve son olarak öne çıkan vergi politikası hedefleri çerçevesinde bütüncül bir yaklaşımla genel durum ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarında yer alan vergi politikalarına ilişkin hedeflere ulaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İktisadi Kalkınma, Vergi Politikaları, Kalkınma PlanıJEL Sınıflandırması: O23, O29, H30, The first example of economic development based on planning in Turkey is the First Five-Year Industrial Plan, which was implemented in 1934. As a result of the ongoing planning initiatives in the following years, the State Planning Organization was established in 1961 and the Five-Year Development Plans were implement. In the Five-Year Development Plans many topics has been included such as economic growth, sectoral growth, employment, living conditions, justice, etc.. It has been of great importance as it can be a road map for the policies that countries will follow in the future. Tax policies has been also widely included in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented in Turkey. In addition, in these plans the goals has set in general; It has been collected under the headings such as increasing tax revenue, ensuring tax justice and spreading the tax to the base. In this study, the tax policy targets in the Five-Year Development Plans implemented between 1980-2000 and the realization of these targets has been evaluated. The former, within the scope of each plan, the targets for the plan period has been evaluated separately, and the latter, the general situation has been revealed with a holistic approach within the framework of the prominent tax policy targets. As a result, it is seen that the targets regarding tax policies in the Five-Year Development Plans have not been achieved.Key Words: Economic Development, Tax Policies, Development PlanJEL Classification: O23, O29, H30

This paper proposes an optimization method for energy planning that will efficiently meet multiple requirements subject to uncertain future projections. A stochastic optimization model is used to identify appropriate energy mixes under various scenarios of uncertainty, and the performance of three different energy policies—a pro-economic policy, a pro-environmental policy, and a governmental plan—is compared. Data envelopment analysis is applied to measure the relative energy efficiency of the optimized energy mixes in providing energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. Thailand’s power development plan for 2032 is used as a case study to illustrate the approach. Analysis of the case study indicates that the pro-environmental policy is the most efficient of the three policies considered. Empirical results from this study provide quantitative support for policy makers seeking to establish an efficient energy policy to satisfy the three requirements while allowing for a range of future uncertainties.

In the Oil and Gas industry, the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques gives advantages of better use of existing infrastructure. It provides better future outcomes, which makes it an essential technology in the operations of the industry. In this paper, the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques for good planning, determination of reservoir rock properties, drilling optimization and production facilities are reviewed. With precise knowledge of permeability and porosity, reservoir engineers can develop robust reservoir development plan and manage hydrocarbon recovery effectively. For porosity prediction, wire-line log data and seismic attributes are used in artificial intelligence-based models. Permeability prediction has been discussed by considering the different types of well-log data in the modeling of artificial intelligence techniques to predict single-phase fluid. Solution of specific developed problems during the determination of permeability in the actual experiment is also mentioned. Artificial intelligence techniques are used in the design and accurate analysis of the drilling fluid. It assists in the selection of drill bit and drilling-related problems. If a reservoir cannot produce naturally, we can select a suitable artificial lift and design the production system using Artificial intelligence techniques. For EOR methods, SADA and NAVA knowledge base systems are discussed. Artificial intelligence can help in optimizing production, improve production efficiency and recovery of hydrocarbons.

The Outline of the Development Plan (ODP) for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, (a region formerly know n as the Pearl River Delta – PRD – or the ‘world’s factory’) marks China’s dete...

The main objective of this study was to determine the status of the college of education; the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; the challenges, and problems encountered by the Dean, teachers and students in the delivery of education as the basis for a structuring a development plan in Mabini Colleges. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: Mabini Colleges promotes and have quality assurance in terms of quality education, high qualifications of school staff and well-planned programs. Unique programs are being maintained, such as the Refresher Course, LET-like Examinations, Pinning and Candle-Lighting Ceremony, and the Testimonial Ceremony. The College has also maintained good collaboration with other schools and community extensions. However, the threats/weaknesses include insufficiency of qualified teachers, teachers’ resignation due to better salaries and benefits in public schools, insufficient number of electric fans and chairs for every room, regular maintenance check-ups for all rooms, lack of reference materials for teachers and students, and lastly, insufficient classrooms to cater a larger number of enrollees. Moreover, It was also concluded that teachers and dean had similar experiences in terms of the challenges in different phases of education. They all agreed that there is a need for an improvement plan though they believe that the institution has made a difference in the students’ life because of its contribution to quality education.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta el contexto actual de la ciudad de Tarazona incluyendo las mega tendencias actuales, para a partir de ese momento trabajar en la creación de un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas) que ayudan a entender cuáles son las necesidades de la ciudad para alcanzar unos objetivos estratégicos que se resumen en: Implementar una oficina de desarrollo económico e industrial municipal en el 2023; Completar la A-15 hasta Tarazona en el 2025; Desarrollar un nuevo polígono industrial con parcelas que puedan albergar plantas de 10.000 metros cuadrados de superficie en el 2028; Alcanzar los 15.000 habitantes en el 2035. Presentando unos planes de acción generales para lograrlos. Palabras clave: Plan de desarrollo, trabajo, industrialización, economía Abstract This paper presents the current context of the city of Tarazona including the current mega trends, to from that moment work on the creation of a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) that help to understand what the needs of the city are. to achieve strategic objectives that are summarized in: Implement a municipal economic and industrial development office in 2023; Complete the A-15 to Tarazona in 2025; Develop a new industrial park with plots that can get factories with a surface area of 10,000 square meters in 2028; Reach 15,000 inhabitants in 2035. Presenting general action plans to achieve them. Keywords Development plan, work, industrialization, economy

Raumplanung und Raumordnung haben eine maßgebliche Rolle bei der Bewältigung der Ursachen und Folgen des Klimawandels. Für versiegelte Böden müssen Ausgleichsflächen geschaffen werden. Dafür können Bauwerksbegrünungen (Dach- und Fassadenbegrünung) eingesetzt werden. Sie wirken positiv auf das urbane Mikroklima und den Energiehaushalt von Gebäuden, verlängern die Lebensdauer einzelner Bauteile, reduzieren Hitzeinseln und Lärm, speichern Regenwasser, binden Feinstaub und CO2, fördern Biodiversität und soziale Aspekte, indem sie neue Aufenthaltsflächen für die Bevölkerung schaffen und die lokale Identität stärken. Die Raumordnungsgesetze der österreichischen Bundesländer geben Planungsziele vor, von denen einige durch den Einsatz von Bauwerksbegrünungen erreicht werden können. Dennoch werden sie nicht ausreichend vorgeschrieben. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Thematik, bezüglich technischer Machbarkeit und Einsatz der passenden Begrünungsart und Pflege, benötigt es ein Grundwissen, um sinnvolle Vorgaben machen zu können. Diese Arbeit kann dafür herangezogen werden. Die Örtliche Raumplanung kann mit dem Bebauungsplan als wirkmächtigem Planungsinstrument eine grüne Wende im eigenen Wirkungsbereich erreichen. Große Städte wie Wien gehen diesbezüglich bereits mit gutem Beispiel voran. Auch für ländliche Gemeinden, wie Guntramsdorf im Wiener Süden, ist es wichtig, den Trend der Bauwerksbegrünung zu forcieren, weil auch dort extreme Hitzeereignisse immer spürbarer werden. Diese Arbeit untersucht ein junges Transformations-Viertel im Zentrum von Guntramsdorf, gibt Bauwerks-Begrünungsvorschläge und erläutert, wie diese im Prozess der Örtlichen Raumplanung mit der Erstellung eines eigens adaptierten Bebauungsplanes für den Untersuchungsraum integriert werden können. Durch den Vergleich mehrerer Prozesse unterschiedlicher Gemeinden bzw. Städte wurden allgemeine Prozessschritte generiert, die für die Implementierung von Begrünungen in den eigenen Wirkungsbereich anderer Gemeinden angewendet werden können., Spatial planning plays a key role in overcoming the causes and consequences of climate change. Compensation areas must be created for sealed soil. Building greening (roof and facade greening) can be used for this. They have a positive effect on the urban microclimate and the energy balance of buildings, extend the service life of individual components, reduce heat islands and noise, store rainwater, bind fine dust and CO2, promote biodiversity and social aspects by creating new spaces for the population and strengthen the local identity. The spatial planning laws of the Austrian federal states specify planning goals, many of which can be achieved through the use of building greening. However, they are not sufficiently prescribed. Due to the complexity of the topic, in terms of technical feasibility and the use of the appropriate type of greening and care, basic knowledge is required in order to be able to make rational specifications. This work can be used for that. Local spatial planning can use the development plan as a powerful planning instrument to achieve a green turn in its own sphere of activity. Large cities like Vienna are already setting a good example in this regard. It is also important for rural communities, such as Guntramsdorf in the south of Vienna, to promote the trend towards greening buildings, because extreme heat events are becoming more and more noticeable there too. This thesis examines a young development area in the center of Guntramsdorf, gives building greening proposals and explains how these can be integrated into the process of local spatial planning with the creation of a specially adapted development plan for the investigation area. By comparing several processes in different municipalities or cities, general process steps were generated that can be used to implement greening in other municipalities' own spheres of influence.

В статье рассматривается понятие приоритетного инвестиционного проекта. Анализируется российское законодательство, регламентирующее инвестиционную деятельность в сфере освоения лесов. Изучаются проблемы включения инвестиционных проектов в области освоения лесов в перечень приоритетных инвестиционных проектов., The article deals with the concept of a priority investment project. The Russian legislation regulating investment activity in the field of forest development is analyzed. The problems of including investment projects in the field of forest development in the list of priority investment projects are being studied., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 11 (148) 2023, Pages 198-201

Küresel iklim değişikliği konusu son yıllarda dünyanın en önemli gündem başlıklarından biri olagelmiştir. Çevresel risklerin yanı sıra ekonomik boyutta olumsuz etkilere sebep olan iklimsel felaketler, Türkiye’de son yıllarda kalkınma planlarında ve politik süreçte üzerinde önemle durulan bir konudur. İklim değişikliğine sebep olan karbon salınımlarına karşı, azaltım ve uyum faaliyetleri doğrultusunda sağlanabilecek bir dönüşümün finansmanı; iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede önemli bir husustur. Bununla birlikte yatırım süreçlerine çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim kriterlerinin dahil edilmesi, ekonomik süreçte sürdürülebilir bir kalkınmanın yanı sıra çevresel hedeflere ulaşabilmek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu gibi sebeplerle, dünyada iklim değişikliğine karşı son yıllarda ön plana çıkan sürdürülebilir finans uygulamaları; Türkiye’de çeşitli kurum ve bakanlıklarca yürütülen çalışmalarla birlikte, Türk bankalarınca bu alanda sağlanan iyi uygulamalar ile gelişme göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’nin küresel iklim değişikliğine karşı uluslararası anlaşmalardaki mevcut konumu, Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları doğrultusundaki çalışmaları, iklim değişikliği politikaları kapsamında hazırlanan strateji ve eylem planları incelenerek, sürdürülebilir finansa yönelik çalışmalar ve bu çalışmaların iklim değişikliği ile önemli ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Global climate change has been one of the most important agenda topics in the world in recent years. In addition to environmental risks, climatic disasters, which cause negative effects in the economic dimension, have been an important issue in Turkey's development plans and political process in recent years. Financing a transformation within the scope of mitigation and adaptation strategies against carbon emissions that cause climate change; is an important issue in tackling climate change. incorporating environmental, social and governance criteria into investment processes; It is important for achieving sustainable economic development as well as environmental goals. For such reasons, sustainable finance, which has come to the fore in recent years against climate change is progressing with the studies carried out by various institutions and ministries in Turkey, as well as the good practices provided by Turkish banks in this area. In this research, by examining Turkey's current position in international agreements against global climate change, its efforts towards sustainable development goals, the strategies and action plans prepared within the scope of climate change policies; studies on sustainable finance and the important relationship of these studies with climate change have been examined.

This paper investigates the introduction of transit oriented development (TOD) as a sustainable urban planning concept in India. The possible benefits and specific challenges of its implementation in the Indian context are evaluated as well as the prospects of fulfilling its goal of improving urban sustainability. This is done through a qualitative content analysis of plans and policy documents at the Indian national, as well as local level in the two cities of Delhi and Bhopal. The results show that the main perceived benefits of TOD in India is a shift to more sustainable modes of transport, more livable and equitable neighbourhoods and economic growth. The study finds that the TOD principles as presented in the National plan have been implemented to a large, but not full extent by the studied cities. All in all, TOD presents a big opportunity for sustainability, but also challenges in implementation specifically due to the informal nature of Indian cities and the planning system itself. The final implementation of TOD does as such rest on the continued work of the actors that will prepare and implement the final plans.

Based on Iran's sixth development plan, the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about $200bn in the next five years to increase production. The Iranian government, to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields, has presented a new type of risk service contract: the Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC). This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and the contractors. Next, adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor. Finally, a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models. The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return, remuneration fee, and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power, and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.

In this work, we provide a more consistent alternative for performing value of information (VOI) analyses to address sequential decision problems in reservoir management and generate insights on the process of reservoir decision-making. These sequential decision problems are often solved and modeled as stochastic dynamic programs, but once the state space becomes large and complex, traditional techniques, such as policy iteration and backward induction, quickly become computationally demanding and intractable. To resolve these issues and utilize fewer computational resources, we instead make use of a viable alternative called approximate dynamic programming (ADP), which is a powerful solution technique that can handle complex, large-scale problems and discover a near-optimal solution for intractable sequential decision making. We compare and test the performance of several machine learning techniques that lie within the domain of ADP to determine the optimal time for beginning a polymer flooding process within a reservoir development plan. The approximate dynamic approach utilized here takes into account both the effect of the information obtained before a decision is made and the effect of the information that might be obtained to support future decisions while significantly improving both the timing and the value of the decision, thereby leading to a significant increase in economic performance.

The historic core of Rosetta, Egypt, is a possible nomination for UNESCO World Heritage status. However, the enduring controversy over the conservation scheme for Rosetta’s old market has highlighted the difficulties in reaching a satisfactory decision. The challenge lies in determining the best location for relocating the market without affecting locals’ life and culture of locals as part of the urban built heritage. The main objective of this study is to present a model of decision-making criteria, which can have many applications in heritage conservation decision making for preserving heritage in historic cities that are distinguished by religious, societal and economic activities. A Multi Criteria Decision Making model (MCDM) is a framework for project selection and is developed utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution; (TOPSIS) method, in reference to UNESCO guidelines, and Space Syntax analysis. The joint analytical framework helps to select the best location for the market that would promote the development of the area while also preserving the identity of the historic core. By adopting this proposed joint model, it is possible to meet social needs during urban development. Thus, the outcome of this study is to achieve a balance between the dual elements that the community works to achieve its integration with the historical urban fabric and at the same time allows development and tourism and tries to exist and takes part of the development plan, and promotes the identity of the city in terms of heritage, commercial and cultural activities as well as benefit from achieving development. This model can be tested against development plans for cities of historical economic values in a variety of circumstances extended with other specific criteria related to the context of the case study under analysis and development study, in addition to UNESCO guidelines to ensure its reliability. An urban conservation and development policy will enable the city’s authorities to register its historical core as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This research outcome validates a model for decision-making assessment that can be utilized to assess historic cities that include historical commercial activities.

Public transportation is one of the important modes of transportation and is the backbone of transportation in Indonesia. The development of public transportation is also supported by the government, this government support is evident in the national policy, namely the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Although public transportation is an effective mode of transportation, it also has obstacles in its development, namely how to meet customer desires in choosing a mode of transportation. There are several variables that are the focus of this research, namely age, gender, income, cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility. The search for influential variables will use the K-Means and DBSCAN clustering algorithms, these two algorithms are also compared to their performance to find a better algorithm. The results of the Silhouette Coefficient show that DBSCAN has a better performance with a value of 0.99 than K-Means with a value of 0.86. The variables that affect the interest in using public transportation are the most important ones related to cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility.

Problem. In recent years, there has been a rather stable trend of reorientation of the freight transportation market in Ukraine from the predominant use of rail transport to customers preferring road transport for moving goods. Relying on the indicated trend and the prospect of its preservation in view of the indisputable manoeuvre advantages of road transport in the conditions of martial law, the study of the problematic issues of the development of road transport cargo enterprises, among which the risk modeling of their operational activities occupies a prominent place, becomes relevant. Goal. The purpose of the scientific work is to study the methodological and applied aspects of risk modeling when working out a plan for developing a cargo enterprise of road transport. Methodology. The method of analysis and synthesis, system approach, observation method, comparative analysis, factor analysis method, simulation modeling method, and experimental method were used in the work to study the methodological and applied aspects of risk modeling when elaborating a plan for developing a road transport cargo enterprise. Results. The risk model presented in the study makes it possible to identify the optimal level of risk when elaborating a plan for development of a road transport cargo enterprise based on variants of the key indicator of the volume of cargo transportation (including financial indicators). Originality. In the process of modeling in one cycle, you can get up to 24 different options for the values of the optimal level of risk for the implementation of the plan for development of the road transport cargo enterprise, taking into account the differentiation of the parameters of the risk model, in particular, six options for the distance of cargo transportation and four classes of cargo. Practical value. The proposed methodical approach to risk modeling when working out a plan for developing a road transport cargo enterprise takes into account the probable change in demand for freight transportation, which gives the enterprise the opportunity to quickly respond to changes in market conditions and successfully plan activities in conditions of incomplete certainty, lack of information and the presence of risk.., Проблема. Останні роки спостерігається досить стабільна тенденція переорієнтації ринку вантажних перевезень в Україні з переважного використання залізничного транспорту на віддання клієнтами переваги автомобільному транспорту для переміщення вантажів. Спираючись на вказану тенденцію та перспективу її збереження з огляду на безперечні маневрені переваги автомобільного транспорту в умовах військового стану, отримують актуальність дослідження проблемних питань розвитку вантажних підприємств автомобільного транспорту, серед яких чільне місце посідає моделювання ризику їх операційної діяльності. Мета. Метою наукової роботи є дослідження методико-прикладних аспектів моделювання ризику при розробленні плану розвитку вантажного підприємства автомобільного транспорту. Методологія. В роботі для дослідження методико-прикладних аспектів моделювання ризику при розробленні плану розвитку вантажного підприємства автомобільного транспорту використано метод аналізу та синтезу, системний підхід, метод спостереження, порівняльний аналіз, метод факторного аналізу, метод імітаційного моделювання, експериментальний метод. Результати Представлена в дослідженні ризик-модель дозволяє ідентифікувати оптимальний рівень ризику при розробленні плану розвитку вантажного підприємства автомобільного транспорту за варіантами ключового індикатору обсягу перевезення вантажів (у тому числі і за фінансовими показниками). Оригінальність. У процесі моделювання за один цикл можна отримати до 24-х різноманітних варіантів значень оптимального рівня ризику реалізації плану розвитку вантажного підприємства автомобільного транспорту з огляду на диференціацію параметрів ризик-моделі, зокрема таких як шість варіантів відстані перевезення вантажів та чотири класи вантажу. Практичне значення. У процесі моделювання за один цикл можна отримати до 24-х різноманітних варіантів значень оптимального рівня ризику реалізації плану розвитку вантажного підприємства автомобільного транспорту з огляду на диференціацію параметрів ризик-моделі, зокрема таких як шість варіантів відстані перевезення вантажів та чотири класи вантажу.

Amaç: Afet yönetiminin başarı düzeyinin belirlenmesinde ilk akla gelen faktörlerden birisi olan kalkınma olgusunun afetlerle ilişkisinin, Türkiye’de “Planlı Dönem”in başlangıcını ifade eden 1960’lı yıllardan günümüze kadarki süreçte yaşama geçirilen beşer yıllık kalkınma planlaması geleneği çerçevesinde dikkate alınma ve uygulama düzeylerinin karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edilmesi ve planlar arasındaki bütünsellik ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Türkiye’de ulusal düzeyde planlamadan sorumlu kuruluş Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (erişim adresi: https://www.sbb.gov.tr) sisteminde yer alan ve uygulamaya konu edilmiş 11 kalkınma planı, afet olgusuna ilişkin seçilmiş 30 kelime taranmak suretiyle afet ve kalkınma olgularının ilişki düzeyi belirlenmiş ve tüm kalkınma planlarının içerikleri afet yönetimine ilişkin politikalara yer verme düzeyleri açısından incelenerek karşılaştırmalı bir çerçevede analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: 11 kalkınma planının içeriğinin afet yönetimi ile ilgili konular yönüyle taranması sonucunda, “Afet Yönetimi”ne ilişkin hüküm ve değerlendirmeleri ayrı bir başlık altında ulusal düzeyde planlamaya dahil eden kalkınma planı sayısı üç olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer sekiz kalkınma planı içeriğinde, modern afet yönetimi yaklaşımlarına yönelik bağımsız veya yüzeysel ifadelere yer verildiği belirlenmiştir. Afet yönetimi konusunu ayrı bir başlık altında düzenleyen planlarda, afet olgusunun diğer sektörel konu başlıklarıyla da değişen düzeylerde ilişkilendirildiği görülmüştür. Söz konusu sektörel ilişkilendirmelerde afete ilişkin bazı kavramların, risk ve tehlike algısının ötesinde ekonomik kalkınma kaygısına hizmet eden bir içerikte ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Türkiye’de afet olgusunun, planlama hiyerarşisinin en üst basamağında yer alan ve diğer üst ve alt düzey planların hazırlanmasına temel teşkil eden ulusal kalkınma planlarında yer verilmesi konusunun uzun yıllar ihmal edilmiş olması gerek doğal gerek insan kaynaklı afet olaylarında yerel, bölgesel ve ulusal düzeydeki idari ve hukuki tasarrufların başarı düzeyini olumsuz etkilemiştir, planlar arasındaki bütünsellik ve süreklilik ilişkisi genel olarak düşük düzeyde kalmıştır., Objective: It is aimed to analyze comparatively the levels of consideration and application of the relationship between disasters and the phenomenon of development, which is one of the first factors that come to mind in determining the level of success of disaster management, within the framework of the tradition of five-year development planning that has been put into practice since the 1960s, which represents the beginning of the "Planned Period" in Turkey and to evaluate the holistic relationship among the plans.Material and Methods: The relationship level between disasters and development were highlighted by scanning 30 selected words related to the phenomenon of disaster in 11 development plans, which are included in the system of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Strategy and Budget Department (access address: https://www.sbb.gov.tr), the institution responsible for planning at the national level in Turkey, and the contents of all development plans were analyzed in terms of their level of inclusion in disaster management policies in a comparative framework.Results: As a result of scanning the contents of 11 development plans in terms of issues related to disaster management, the number of development plans that included the provisions and evaluations of "Disaster Management" in planning at the national level under a separate heading is determined as 3. It is determined that the content of the remaining 8 development plans included independent or superficial statements about modern disaster management approaches. In the plans that regulate the issue of disaster management under a separate heading, it is observed that the phenomenon of disaster is also associated with other sectoral topics at varying levels. In these sectoral evaluations, it is determined that some concepts related to disaster are handled in a context that serves the economic development concern beyond the perception of risk and danger.Conclusion: The fact that the disaster phenomenon in Turkey has been neglected for many years in the national development plans, which are at the top of the planning hierarchy and form the basis for the preparation of other high and low-level plans, has adversely affected the level of success of administrative and legal acts at local, regional and national levels in both natural and human-made disasters. The integrity and continuity relationship between the plans remained at a low level in general.

A pesar de la gran diversidad y riqueza que caracteriza a la música boliviana, la percepción general es que la industria musical boliviana es incipiente y sufre de grandes carencias que afectan su capacidad de crear y trascender dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. La falta de datos estadísticos y estudios de línea de base sobre este sector dificulta el análisis científico de su situación y la correspondiente generación de recomendaciones para potenciarlo. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo pionero, basado en datos estadísticos e información relevante de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, el presente estudio busca ofrecer una descripción más objetiva de la situación prepandemia del profesional boliviano de la música y de la industria musical en Bolivia en su conjunto. A partir de dicho análisis, propone los lineamientos de un Plan Nacional de Música para el Desarrollo en Bolivia, instrumento de política pública valioso en un contexto en el que un número creciente de países del mundo vienen asimilado con éxito los conceptos de “economía naranja” e “industrias creativas”.

The present study aims to propose an integrated watershed development plan for the Wainganga basin situated in Maharashtra, India. Also, the study involves evaluating the performance and applicability of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) as a runoff model along with the trend analysis of rainfall for the above mentioned study area. The decadal land-use/land-cover (LULC) variation from 1985 to 2005 has been studied using data procured from Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC) and the groundwater table level of the study area was monitored using dug/bore well data collected from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). Rainfall trend analysis for a period of 101 years using historic rainfall data procured from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) has been analyzed to foresee the future scenario. It was observed that the rainfall-runoff relationship of the area is getting affected by the LULC variation and is thereby affecting the groundwater regime. There is a significant deterioration in the forest cover and water bodies which is alarming. The study devises the importance of an immediate master plan to be implemented in the basin to avoid any future crisis. Also, the study emphasizes the advancement of remote sensing in the use of hydrologic models like SWAT more realistically.

Purpose Free and open-source software (FOSS) has been used worldwide because of the advantages of user control, cost-saving, flexibility, openness, freedom, more security and better stability. The purpose of this study is to explore the status quo of educational application of FOSS and the trends from international perspectives and its implications for higher education in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach The method of cluster analysis was used in this study. The Web of Science database was used as the data source and all relevant literature for the year 2010–2020 on the theme of “FOSS” was collected for analysis. The information visualization software CiteSpace was used for citation visualization analysis, revealing the research results of FOSS worldwide, including hot spots and development trends. Findings This paper found that FOSS has become an important research area and is playing an important role in the reform and development of education. Meanwhile, the development and application of FOSS have regional imbalances and strong differentiation, including the educational sector. The paper also found that although FOSS has entered the stage of interdisciplinary development, the research and development of FOSS in the field of education is insufficient, which poses a huge challenge to decision-makers, teachers and students. Originality/value Implications for higher education in Hong Kong including: attach importance to and vigorously promote FOSS research and practice to benefit more teachers and students; teachers and students need to be trained for acquiring the awareness and skills of FOSS applications and formulate different strategies; the government should provide greater support to formulate and implement a short and middle-term development plan to facilitate the application of FOSS; and Hong Kong higher education institutions may strengthen exchanges and cooperation with counterparts around the world to jointly promote the development of FOSS. It is hoped that the findings will provide a reference for the study and application of FOSS in higher education in Hong Kong.

The identification of research fronts and the setting of priorities is a significant challenge in science and policy. The Global Research Front cluster of scientific articles is united by co-citing in other papers at a particular time. SciVal (online platform for monitoring and analyzing international research using visualization tools and modern citation metrics, economic and social efficiency) has three subject areas: Clinical Medicine, health management, and public health. By the total number of articles and the share of the direction in the research area of InCites Citation Topics, determine the global research fronts: neuroscanning, immunology, diet, orthopaedics and psychiatry. Today, the world is witnessing large-scale scientific programmes aimed at understanding human beings and their health. Because of the growing burden of significant brain diseases worldwide, scientists need to find effective means to apply modern biotechnology fully and address current clinical medicine issues. The threats of infectious diseases and the development of new vaccines have reinforced the pronounced response of the Global Immunology Observatory and related products in the field of system immunology. The scientific communities have embarked on a comprehensive consultation that should lead to a global strategy on diet and diet, physical activity, and reducing musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal diseases. Orthopaedic surgeons are developing new procedures and technologies to optimize patient care based on a science-based approach. The scale of mental health problems is at the heart of the global health and development plan of the World Bank, WHO and other national and international organizations, highlighting the scale of these challenges and successes that can be achieved if we work together to solve them.

The Krueng Peusangan watershed in the Aceh Province, Indonesia, has an important role in the daily life of residents in the surrounding areas. The watershed serves as a supply of clean water, shelter, food sources, and sources of income for hundreds of thousands of people. Forest encroachment activities, mining, plantations, and land conversion have interrupted the watershed balance. These various activities cause threats of loss of forest area, biodiversity extinction, water crisis, flooding, human-animal conflict, and also global warming and food crisis. Therefore, this article analyses the law and policies issued by the Central, Provincial, and Regency/City Governments related to the management of the Krueng Peusangan Watershed and to examine the legal framework needed for watershed protection and management. This type of research is normative legal research using the regulatory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results revealed that the existing legal framework has not fully protected watershed rescue. The policies issued are still partial and have not been integrated on a regional or sectoral basis. This paper suggests that the Government of Aceh and Regency/City Governments to revise several Qanun, i.e., the Mid-Term Development Plan Qanun, the Watershed Management Qanun, Strategic Environmental Assessment Qanun, Qanun of Environmental Protection and Management Plan, and laws and regulations in the environmental, forestry, plantation and mining sectors.

[EN] In its first part, this article explains the research project “Análisis de la Dramaturgia Actual en Español” (ADAE), managed by the author on the last decade and financed by the Spanish Government in his ‘Plan Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo’ (‘National Research and Development Plan’). From the results of the project, in the second part is traced a very broad outlook about the current dramaturgy in Spanish, that takes his focus on the delusion of newness about the Postdramatic Theater and the theatrical autofiction genre., [ES] El artículo caracteriza en su primera parte el proyecto de investigación “Análisis de la dramaturgia actual en español” (ADAE) dirigido por el autor en la última década y financiado por el Gobierno de España en su Plan Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo. A partir de los resultados del mismo se traza, en la segunda parte, un panorama muy general de la dramaturgia actual en lengua española, que se centra en la ilusión de novedad del teatro posdramático y en el género de la autoficción teatral.

In the context of global emission reduction, as a type of clean and eco-friendly energy, natural gas has attracted wide attention. Accurate prediction of natural gas consumption can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate the corresponding development plans and strategies. At present, there are many forecasting tools for processing and analysing natural gas consumption, but most of them have the disadvantages of complex modelling or low precision. In order to solve this problem, inspired by the polynomial regression prediction model and the discrete grey prediction model, a novel polynomial discrete grey prediction model with fractional order accumulation (abbreviated as FPDGM(1,1) model) is established in this paper. In order to find the optimal parameters of the FPDGM(1,1) model, three most popular intelligent algorithms are used to solve the parameters of the model, and then the optimal parameters from the three intelligent algorithms are selected in this paper. In addition, the advantages of the FPDGM(1,1) model over other four forecasting models are confirmed through two parts in this paper. First, the natural gas consumptions of four municipalities in China are used as cases to verify the effectiveness of the FPDGM(1,1) model in this paper. Subsequently, the FPDGM(1,1) model and several kinds of frequently used forecasting models are applied to analyse and predict China’s natural gas consumption, and the FPDGM(1,1) model is used to predict China’s natural gas consumption in the next 5 years. The results of these two parts indicate that the FPDGM(1,1) model shows the best predictive performance in all cases. Lastly, based on the predicted results of the FPDGM(1,1) model, some reasonable suggestions are put forward for China’s natural gas development plan.

Senior citizens are an important sector in society. Some began their new career during the middle age and many continued a long legacy of productivity and passionate social service living a life of commitment. The aims of the study is to assess the senior citizen’s health and social services in Cebu City. The study uses quantitative and qualitative methods. A statistical computation was used to achieve an acceptable accuracy of findings and the qualitative research double-checks the quantitative research. Furthermore, the qualitative method was used to measure the data since it allowed the participants to give in-depth, detailed answers by personal interview. The Researchers explored the participant’s answers, thus clearing any ambiguity before analyzing and publishing the collected data. The study revealed that the level of implementation of social services for senior citizens was well implemented; The level of perception of health services for senior citizens were provided; The management of senior citizens office has the biggest financial appropriation; that there was no correlation between social services and the perception level since both were labeled not significant. To address the gap a substantial budget shall be allocated to the sixty (60) barangays of Cebu City to be incorporated in OSCA budget. A development plan was proposed as the output of the study.

This paper demonstrates the need to integrate multiculturalism in urban development in Uganda with some policy proposals on how multiculturalism can be integrated into urban development. Through a qualitative research in Arua city in Uganda, findings showed that the city like other cities in Uganda is a culturally diverse city and minority ethnic groups or tribes are at the risk of exclusion if multiculturalism is not integrated into planning and development. Internal migration is the major contributor to cultural diversity. However, the inter-state migration of Africans has a significant contribution to urban cultural diversity. To enhance multiculturalism, this paper presents the following policy proposals: the review of the existing policies and the formulation of inclusive policies that allow minorities to participate in governance. The inclusion of multiculturalism in the development plan, ensuring a non-discriminatory business environment that accelerates the ease of starting and doing business. The active involvement of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), improving the living conditions in slums where majority of the migrants dwell, the use of various languages and the intensification of multiculturalism awareness campaigns in urban areas. Key words: Multiculturalism, cultural diversity, inclusive urban development, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda.

This research was conducted based on the reality of the research problem, where economic activity in SMEs is in a threatened position due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the internal and external sides of SMEs, measure financial stability and lending to banks, analyze whether credit provision has been efficient or not in improving banking performance for SMEs. In addition, strategic policy measures are taken through a roadmap for developing competitive and sustainable SMEs. The research method used is a survey method. The data obtained were processed based on the principles of descriptive statistics, namely the analysis of Non Performing Loans (NPL) to determine the ratio of NPL and the average NPL. The time period used for analysis needs is 2019 and 2020. The results of the SWOT analysis, Non Performing Loans (NPL), effectiveness and efficiency, indicate that banks have not been effective and not efficient in disbursing credit. This needs to be a concern for banks in disbursing credit to SMEs, by providing easy administrative requirements for SMEs proposing credit, so that SMEs can have business capital for the development of competitive and sustainable SMEs. On the other hand, the results of the NPL calculation are below 5%, this shows a healthy banking performance, meaning that there are no bad loans, as a result of relaxation and stimulus from the Government to SMEs when SMEs experience a chaotic situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a 5-year development plan was carried out, namely from 2020-2025, with the goal of strategic planning being competitive and sustainable SMEs based on e-commerce.

El presente artículo contiene un resumen de resultados del Programa Binacional de Educación Migrante durante la administración de Francisco Vega de Lamadrid, gobernador constitucional del estado de Baja California para el periodo 2014-2019, haciendo énfasis en los avances y limitaciones del plan de trabajo sexenal. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de documentos oficiales con el propósito de establecer la congruencia entre las metas, estrategias y líneas de acción de las declaraciones internacionales con el plan nacional y estatal de desarrollo, así como con el plan de trabajo de dicho programa federal en esta entidad federativa. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda y análisis de notas periodísticas en medios locales de comunicación escrita y digital para conocer los informes emitidos y los acontecimientos celebrados por la coordinación estatal de educación migrante, en el mismo periodo de tiempo, como una aproximación a la evaluación del desempeño.

Introduction. Ecological environment is the foundation of social and economic development, and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment is one of the hotspots in urban sustainable development research. Traditional ecological economic measurement methods usually have problems such as difficulty in data acquisition and difficulty in pasteurization. In recent years, with the rise of global remote sensing technology, remote sensing has also been used to observe human social and economic activities. Remote sensing data have been created for the limitations of traditional statistical data with the advantages of being independent in the field of ecological and economic measurement. Methodology. This paper uses luminous remote sensing technique to obtain the visible-near-infrared electromagnetic wave information emitted from the surface at night under cloudless conditions and MODIS data combined with urban RSEI theory to quantitatively invert the ecological environment quality of the study area in 2019 based on a remote sensing perspective, taking a certain urban agglomeration in China as the research area. And it is continuous in time and space. Therefore, the coordination degree of remote sensing data should be fully explored in quantitative research. For proper analysis, regression was used. Research Content and Results. 2019 MODIS data were used to retrieve the six vegetation-related ecological environment factors in the study area and combine the urban RSEI theory to construct the remote sensing ecological comprehensive index of the study area, and the vegetation ecological environment quality and spatial agglomeration characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that vegetation coverage, leaf area index, total primary productivity, and surface moisture make positive contributions to the ecosystem of the study area. Based on the theoretical basis of coupling coordination theory, ecological economic theory, and sustainable development, we measured the degree of coordinated development between the social economic system and the ecological environment system in the study area from 2018 to the future period and combined the research results with the study area. The actual situation explores the practice path of benign coupling of the ecological economy. Conclusion. This paper is completely based on the research ideas of remote sensing data to measure the socioeconomic level and ecological environment quality and proves that remote sensing data and urban RESI theory are efficient and reliable new tools for the coordinated development of ecological economics. The research results can provide a development plan for urban agglomeration.

The study examined the relationship between development policy/plan and economic diversification in Nigeria. It centered on Nigeria’s Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP). The ERGP regime was adopted by the President Muhammadu Buhari administration in the wake of Nigeria’s economic recession in 2016. The vulnerabilities of the Nigerian economy and structural weaknesses (i.e., dependence on oil and gas for national revenue and main national export) have consistently created challenges for the nation’s economy. The ERGP was designed in 2017 to, among other things; diversify Nigeria’s economy between 2017 and 2020. To achieve economic diversification, one of the targets of the ERGP is to drive industrialization, with a focus on small and medium size enterprises to increase non-oil exports. Thus, the main objective of the study was to ascertain the extent of economic diversification since the adoption of the plan in the country. The study adopted the Endogenous Growth Theory to explain the extent of economic diversification in the country. The study relied on secondary data mainly from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), focusing on manufactured/non-oil exports and revenue from the non-oil sectors. The study revealed that there has been an accelerated implementation of the ERGP leveraging on the National Industrial Revolution Plan. Nonetheless, this effort has not significantly produced the desired result of economic diversification, as oil and gas remain the mainstay of the economy. For the ERGP to achieve the desired outcomes there is need to invest massively and genuinely in infrastructure (power, road, etc.), human capital development and research and development (R&D). Hence, the paper concluded that for Nigeria to enjoy substantial economic diversification there must be genuine and concerted government commitment to industrialization. The study recommended, among other things, that there should be massive investment in infrastructure, human capital development, research and development (R&D) to generate new ideas and institutionalization of a functional industrial development bank.

The National Development Planning Agency of Indonesia has adopted the concept of development based on customary territories in Papua in the 2015-2019 National Midterm Development Plan (RPJMN). This RPJMN aimed to accommodate the mandate of the Special Autonomy Law Number 21 of 2001 regarding Special Autonomy for Papua Province. However, the RPJMN used a top-down development approach that accommodates more national and international interests than local and customary territories' interests. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new concept of sustainable development that uses a bottom-up development approach to reconcile both interests above. The concept is supplemented with the road map and simulation to explore the progress of sustainable development. The modeling and simulation of sustainable development progress consist of the human development index (HDI), human development indicators, and electricity demand using the system dynamics model. In 2050, the lowest HDI is 63.87 in Mappi Regency. Life expectancy is 68.53 years; the schooling expecting years is 12.19 years; the schooling mean years is 6.60 years, and the expenditure per capita is Rp7,599,010, - In 2050, the highest HDI is 94.83 in Sorong Municipality. Life expectancy is 80.73 years; the schooling expecting years is 18.00 years; the schooling mean years is 15.00 years, and the expenditure per capita is Rp19,869,057 – In 2050, the electricity demand in Mappi Regency is 46,032 MWh. Meanwhile, the electricity demand in Sorong Municipality is 1,137,746 MWh.

Globally, climate change has been understood as a phenomenon adversely affecting the activities of human beings. As a result, the menace of climate change impacts is curbed by various adaptation programs. This study provides an assessment of nature and form, level of implementation, and challenges of the implementation process of the Climate Change Adaptation Programs (CCAPs) over the years (2013–2021) by some selected local governments in Ghana. This study adopted the qualitative research design, with the multiple case study approach and using the non-probability purpose sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to solicit information from respondents. The study found out that the CCAPs are implemented in various forms including public education, land management, and water delivery. Moreover, about half of the Climate Change Adaptation Programs outlined from 2013-to-date were not implemented at all and more than 70% have not been completely successful. Also, the implementation of the CCAPs was mainly hindered by inadequate funding. It is recommended that there should be an improvement in CCAPs financing. Also, the Ejisu Municipal Assembly should include all Climate Change Adaptation Programs in the Districts’ Medium-Term Development Plan under various thematic areas. Likewise, as a result of inadequate finance at the Local Governments level, the Assemblies should reduce the number of adaptation programs implemented within each planning period.

El presente trabajo de investigación busca determinar los factores internos que influyen en el proceso de aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo de Personas, en cumplimiento de la Ley N° 30057, en las entidades públicas del Gobierno Regional de Lambayeque. Se justifica debido a que elaboraron y diseñaron instrumentos para poder levantar información en el campo a fin de analizar y diagnosticar el estado de las variables. El objetivo general es determinar los factores internos que influyen en el proceso de aplicación del Plan de desarrollo de Personas. La investigación es de tipo mixto de alcance descriptivo, puesto que se ha observado el objeto de estudio y describe sus características; es de diseño correlacional, no experimental ya que lo que se busca es tener un conocimiento en base al problema establecido y determinar si existe o no influencia entre las variables. Como técnicas de recolección de datos se ha establecido el cuestionario y análisis documentario. El instrumento es la guía de entrevista y documental. Se llegó a concluir que, los factores internos que influyen en el proceso de aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo de Personas es principalmente el desconocimiento de la normativa vigente como de la forma de implementarla.

This scientific and practical article is devoted to the analysis of the results of an experiment aimed at psychological and pedagogical support of the process of building a project for the development of the inner world of a player of a children's and youth football team of the professional football club "Lviv" from the Ukrainian city of Lviv. A special feature of the psychological and pedagogical support for designing the development of the student's psyche is the use of the paradigm of the language of the theory of activity in the version of the Moscow methodological and pedagogical circle (MMPC), using the language of schematic images and the pyramid of subjectivity, explaining the path of formation of human mental mechanisms in the unity of cognitive, emotive and conative processes, starting from the vital level of their development to the level of spirituality. Another feature of the article is that the presentation of methods and techniques does not occur in a separate part of it, but in the process of describing the steps of designing a development plan that is formed for absolutely all professional athletes who have the acmeological potential of professionalization in football. It is presented in the form of 11 steps to create an individual trajectory of the player's development. In each of these steps, it is important that the coaches and the player participate with their parents, representatives of the club, which has its own component in terms of the volume and quality of the efforts required on their part. The article reveals the first of the 4 steps of creating a reasonable player development plan. For example, we consider working with one of the players. The content of this particular illustration is a very illustrative and demonstrative example. It is assumed that a series of articles in this publication will reveal the topic of student development management, which will include both scientific and theoretical and review types of works. The next article will be a continuation of this one in terms of demonstrating the success of implementing this particular development plan by the example of several players from a team consisting of 22 players who have been trained in a similar way, i.e. using methodological criteria for the organization of psychological and pedagogical support for the development of thinking, sensory-motivational and volitional characteristics of players by football club coaches.

For good or ill, earlier fare of rural enhancement budget for the RPJMN (or National Medium Term Development Plan) 2020-2024 asks both reviving 10.000 left-behind villages and 5.000 suburbs, its enlargement schemed for 9.9% growth. Quintessentially, Indonesia has set 72 trillion rupiahs to be allocated over 74.961 rustics but, recent fact uncovers its noticeable intransparency. Driven by foregoing issue, this research led the initiative problem-solving reshapes countryside APBDes onto more transparent; later, the method named Endogenous Praxis, shall become a notion integrates rural internal element e.g. commoners, learners, neighborhoods, and hamlets. In total, seventy-two-trillion divided 74.961 suburbs equal ±960.499.459 rupiahs/ each. Amidst plenty amount finance, wider unequivocal symbiotic amongst internal element and urban village head must forthright, it would via open-colloquium-assembly through PRA or Participatory Rural Appraisal, criticizing: (i). RPJMDes, (ii). RKPDes, and (iii). Terms in Regional Transfer and Village Funds/ TKDD, thus, backwoods’ amenities furtherance per annum might less from disarray.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of land use change for tourism-related purposes on their value. The research was carried out in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The period of the research covered the years 2014-2019. The research covered all Polish communes, in which the land use was changed for tourist or recreational activities. The analysis covered the years 2014-2019., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The resolutions of individual councils' communes regarding the change of the local spatial development plan in the scope of changing the use of the real estate for tourism were analyzed (in communes, where the local spatial development plan was in force). The analysis also included decisions authorizing the exclusion of land from agricultural or forestry production issued by executive bodies of communes. The research concerned the years 2014-2019 and covered all Polish voivodeships. To analyze changes in the land value due to the adoption or change in local spatial development plans, as well as to issue a decision authorizing the exclusion of land from agricultural and forestry production, data from estimation reports prepared for calculating the planning fee in the years 2014-2019 were used. For better result presentation, data on individual communes were presented at the level of voivodeships., FINDINGS: Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that change in the purpose of the property for purposes related to conducting agricultural activity results in increasing its value., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The article contains much valuable information, which may constitute the base material and reference further research conducted by scientific specialists studying the agricultural land market. The article can assist those wishing to invest in agricultural real estate and pursue tourism investments., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: An analysis of changes in real estate value due to a change in its purpose to the tourist one may be an essential element in forecasting the financial consequences of adopting or changing the local land use plans., peer-reviewed

Trying to heal the wounds of the War of Independence after the proclamation of theRepublic, Turkey had to make an effort to use its scarce resources effectively and efficientlyin the economic development process. The tourism sector, which has a high productivitypotential as natural resources become an economic asset, is one of the areas that can financedevelopment with low costs. The tourism sector has been supported by the state andincluded in the plans since 1963, when the planned development period started, with thecountry administrations taking this potential into account. Since the beginning of the planneddevelopment process, the sector has shown a serious improvement, and the number of peoplevisiting the country and tourism income have increased every year. However, there is verylittle conceptual work examining the development process in line with the plans. Withinthe scope of this study, the principles, policies and measures determined regarding thetourism sector in the eleven development plans prepared between the years 1963-2023 wereevaluated by document analysis method, and the state of reaching the determined targetswas interpreted. It has been determined that the main purpose of the plans is to increase thenumber of tourists and tourism revenues compared to the previous period, and the principlesdeveloped in each period in order to achieve this goal are stated., Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın yaralarını sarmaya çalışanTürkiye, ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde sahip olduğu kıt kaynakları etkin ve verimli şekildekullanma çabası içine girmek durumunda kalmıştır. Doğal kaynakların ekonomik varlık halinegelmesi ile yüksek verimlilik potansiyeli bulunan turizm sektörü bu anlamda kalkınmayıdüşük maliyetlerle finanse edebilecek alanlardan biridir. Ülke yönetimlerinin bu potansiyelidikkate alması ile birlikte planlı kalkınma döneminin başladığı 1963 yılından itibaren turizmsektörü devlet tarafından desteklenerek planlara dahil edilmiştir. Planlı kalkınma sürecininbaşladığı yıldan bugüne sektör ciddi bir gelişme göstermiş, her geçen yıl ülkeyi ziyareteden kişi sayısında ve turizm gelirinde artış gözlenmiştir. Ancak planlar doğrultusundagelişim sürecini irdeleyen kavramsal çalışma oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında 1963-2023 yılları arasında hazırlanan on bir kalkınma planında turizm sektörü ile ilgili belirlenenilke, politika ve tedbirler doküman analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiş, belirlenen hedeflereulaşma durumu yorumlanmıştır. Planların temel amacının önceki döneme göre turist sayısınıve turizm gelirlerini artırmak olduğu saptanmış, bu amaca ulaşabilmek adına her dönemdegeliştirilen ilkeler belirtilmiştir.

En el presente documento se hará un análisis de la “Estampilla para el Bienestar del Adulto Mayor” para la vigencia 2021en el Distrito Capital y el impacto que ha tenido el recaudo desde la modificación de la tarifa de retención pasando del 0,5% al 2%, los diferentes gobiernos han incluido en su plan de desarrollo proyectos enfocados en esta población basados en la encuesta del Dane del 2007 denominada “calidad de vida” la cual refleja un aumento significativo en la población mayor de 60 años. A la pregunta problema del presente ensayo, el no cumplimiento de la ejecución de los recursos evidencio que se deben realizar mejoras en los procedimientos internos por parte de la Secretaria de Integración Social para que los resultados sean eficientes y se tenga una mejor planeación de los recursos. Es importante que la ejecución de estos proyectos este vigilada por lo entes de Control Distritales y que cumplan con el objetivo de favorecer al Adulto mayor. La Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá ha venido vigilando el desarrollo de los proyectos sociales y que estos a su vez cumplan el objetivo principal por el cual fueron creados, en una ciudad donde su población de Adulto Mayor va en crecimiento y así brindar una atención de calidad, en salud, educación y bienestar social; y como ciudadanos debemos vigilar que los impuestos se empleen de forma adecuada. Cada día se observa como es importante que la ciudadanía participé en el plan de desarrollo de sus ciudades, es allí donde se plasma las verdaderas necesidades de la comunidad permitiendo a sus gobernantes suplir algunas de las necesidades, en las que se pueda realizar una buena planeación hacia el futuro y emplear los recursos en lo verdaderamente importante para la población más vulnerable. Introducción 1 Pregunta problema 3 Objetivos 3 Objetivo general 3 Objetivos específicos 3 Marco teórico 4 Conclusiones 15 Bibliografía 16 This document will analyze the "Stamp for the Welfare of the Elderly" for the year 2021 in the Capital District and the impact that the collection has had since the modification of the retention rate from 0.5% to 2%, the different governments have included in their development plan projects focused on this population based on the 2007 Dane survey called "quality of life" which reflects a significant increase in the population over 60 years old. To the problem question of this essay, the non-compliance of the execution of the resources evidenced that improvements must be made in the internal procedures by the Secretary of Social Integration so that the results are efficient and there is a better planning of the resources. It is important that the execution of these projects is monitored by the District Control entities and that they comply with the objective of favoring the elderly. The Mayor's Office of Bogota has been monitoring the development of social projects and that these in turn meet the main objective for which they were created, in a city where its elderly population is growing and thus provide quality care in health, education and social welfare; and as citizens we must ensure that our taxes are used properly. Every day we see how important it is for citizens to participate in the development plan of their cities, it is there where the real needs of the community are reflected, allowing their governments to supply some of the needs, in which a good planning towards the future can be made and use the resources in what is really important for the most vulnerable population. Especialización

Pela Gandong local wisdom has played a significant role as a media for Ambon conflict resolution. The existence of dialogue and communication based on Pela Gandong culture can bring mutually battling parties to achieve peace. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to describe how SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang Central Maluku with 100% Muslim students also, SMPN 9 Ambon City with 99% of their Christian/Catholic students in implementing Panas Pela of Education as the transmission of Pela Gandong culture as an implementation of the Ambon City Regional Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD). Panas Pela of education is an assemblage of students with different religions tore-warm the sibling relationship (Pela Gandong). This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection is done by participatory observation, literature study, document analysis, and interviews. The results showed that the Panas Pela of Education activity on January 29, 2018, had succeeded in transmitting Pela Gandong culture to students to maintain peace. It can be seen by student’s ability from both schools to blend in with one another without segregation and together celebrate the Panas Pela of Education. It is expected that the field of education implementing Panas Pela of Education sustainably. It will surely be successful because the local wisdom of the Pela Gandong has been integrated into the Ambon City Local Government Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD).

The nature and economic development of Indian urbanization is characterized by metropolitan domination and polarization. The country's total population increased from 361 million in 1951 to 1,027 million in 2001, while the urban population increased from 62 million to 285 million during the same period. From 23 megacities in 1991 to 35 in 2001, the number has increased considerably. Therefore, it is clear that there is a clear movement towards large cities, possibly as a result of a lack of employment opportunities in small and medium cities and a deficient urban infrastructure. In 1979, the centrally supported scheme for the integrated development of small and medium cities (IDSMT) began and continued through 2004-05 and was incorporated into the UIDSSMT scheme in December 2005. It is important to invest in the development of small urban centers in order to reduce migration to large cities as well as to support the growth of surrounding rural areas. Small and medium towns are generally viewed as a means of balancing urban hierarchy and reducing pressure on primate cities, moderate spatial inequality, and foster factors that may assist in reversing the trend. Kurduwadi city is one of them, such as improper or uncertain use of available land, rising unemployment and migration to cities, unsatisfactory development plans to improve urban development. In this context, through integrated planning, efforts have been measured to obtain the resources needed to achieve each goal and improve strategy. Also by allowing institutions to plan and collaborate in departments, they can create efficiency and pursue new opportunities and help reduce migration to nearby large and metropolitan cities by strengthening the Kurduwadi towns as regional growth centers. Establishing complementary links between nearby villages, towns and cities will create a harmonious settlement pattern. An integrated development plan for the Kurduwadi town reduces some of the ideological concerns and working uncertainties emerging around this initiative through this study. The assessment of integrated town development may be appropriate to determine the future orientation and guidelines for Kurduwadi town.

PurposePabna is suffering from waterlogging problems from ancient times. The previous Drainage Master Plan was failed due to the lack of reflection of the general people of Pabna Municipality. As a result, this study focuses on identifying the causes of waterlogging in people's eyes. This paper will help the local authority and planners eradicate the waterlogging problem and build a planned and resilient community.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were used for the study. Present drainage pattern, topology climatic elements were collected from the journals, websites and Municipal Ingratiated Development Plan (MIDP), Pabna-2008. The sample size was 246, and this respondent was surveyed. By the survey, the people's perception of waterlogging was collected. For that, five independent variables and one dependent variable were determined. These variables were determined by previous studies, reconnaissance survey of the study area. It used multiple linear regression and the correlation method; the causes of waterlogging were determined.FindingsThe study found solid waste disposal into the drainage, absence of operation and maintenance system, small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains, nonappearance of combined drainage network of roadside drains and unplanned drainage system as the leading causes of waterlogging from the perception of the people. Also found that the absence of operation and maintenance system, solid waste disposal into the drainage and unplanned drainage system as the influencing causes on small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains.Originality/valueThis study has focused on people's perceptions rather than secondary data. That is why this study will significantly impact eradicating the waterlogging problem from the Pabna Municipality and will carry out the core problems without any bias. This will lead to a sustainable, planned and resilient community.

Tanulmányunkban arra vállalkoztunk, hogy a magyar rendészetben zajló kompetenciafejlesztés irányait, lehetőségeit, jó gyakorlatait megvizsgáljuk. Az utóbbi évtizedekben a rendészetben és ezzel párhuzamosan a rendészeti képzésben egyértelműen megjelent a kompetenciaalapú gondolkodás. Tudományos kutatásra alapulva meghatározásra kerültek a rendészeti vezetői kompetenciák (Malét-Szabó, 2013), és erre épülve kidolgozásra került az új rendészeti vezetőkiválasztási eljárás, valamint ehhez kapcsolódóan megújult a rendészetivezetőképzés. A kompetenciafejlesztés másik fő állomása, melyet tanulmányunkban ki szeretnénk emelni, az egységes közszolgálati alapkompetenciák meghatározása (Malét-Szabó et al., 2018), illetve ehhez kapcsolódóan a rendészeti irányítói- és tehetségkompetencia-profilok megalkotása volt. Jól látható, hogy egy komplex kompetenciaalapú kiválasztási és képzési rendszer került kidolgozásra a rendvédelem vonatkozásában, mely alapul szolgált a Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszernek (továbbiakban: KLIR). A bevezetésre került új alkalmassági rendszerben 1 fontos elem lett egyrészt a KOMP rendszer által támogatott kompetenciavizsgálat, másrészt pedig az egyéni kompetenciafejlesztési terv. Mindezek pedig óhatatlanul szükségessé teszik a képzési, továbbképzési rendszerünk kompetenciaalapúságának további erősítését.

Increasing the production of clean and environmentally friendly energy has become one of the world agendas as a strategic effort in dealing with long-term climate change. Seeing the potential of the energy produced, the ease in the installation process, with the small risk of harm generated, solar energy has received significant attention from many countries in the world. The potential for solar energy in Indonesia alone reaches 207 GWp, but only 145.81 MWp has been utilized. Currently, the Indonesian government has set a target to build a Solar Power Plant capacity in 2025 of 6.5 GWh. Urban areas are areas with higher energy demand than rural areas, but the availability of vacant land in urban areas is very minimal for installing solar power plants. Therefore, rooftop solar PV(Photovoltaic) can be a solution in dense areas such as cities. Good planning by looking at the potential resources and energy needs in spatial is needed to manage and utilize energy optimally and sustainably in urban areas. This study aims to develop a geospatial assessment for plan smart energy city that uses rooftop solar PV's potential energy in every building that is effective and efficient. The novelty in the analysis of the distribution of the potential for rooftop solar PV development in urban areas integrates meteorological and spatial aspects and socio-economic aspects. Integration of multi-dynamic spatial data uses in determining the rooftop solar PV construction location, such as meteorological data for solar energy potential, increasing energy needs of each building, and socio-economy data. The data source used comes from statistical data and remote sensing data. The analysis will be carried out temporally (2008, 2013, and 2018) to see the pattern of changes in aspects used in a certain period so that the development plan can be carried out more optimally. This research's output is the formation of a priority analysis of solar PV rooftop construction in urban areas, especially the city of Bandung. The result of energy can also produce by the construction of rooftop solar PV in a potential area. This research is expected to be utilized by policymakers to develop renewable energy in the city of Bandung and increase community participation in switching to renewable energy.

Chang'an is the starting point of "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor", which was listed as World Heritage in 2014. Based on the practice and exploration of presentation of the Chang'an City Site of Tang Dynasty in Xi'an, this paper presents a discussion of how to combine the interpretation of cultural routes with the interpretation and presentation of the urban traces under a modern city. Under the pressure of urban development and renewal, it explores the interpretation strategies based on cultural routes, trying to solve the contradictions between the needs of potential heritage conservation and urban development. Moreover, the paper explores contradictions between meanings and values arising among approaches to heritage sites in relation to the urban role as a starting point of the Silk Road. Focusing on the need to actively integrate potential underground ruins into the development plan of the city, the paper extends the notion of "setting" to include the historic urban context and their structuring components. Integrating archaeological and literature materials and based on the heritage value of Chang'an City of Tang Dynasty in the cultural route, the paper attempts to sort out the relationship of inheritance and continuity between the underground city and the modern city patterns. It is argued that such kind of sorting is a key task for spatial interpretation. Furthermore, the spatial interpretation-based strategy for potential sites is recommended as the tool to explore the guiding principles of urban cultural heritage interpretation and land use co-development.

Land use planning is a contributing factor in achieving better housing development in urban areas. However, the ineffectiveness during the preparation of development plans and its implementation through development control has given the impact on housing development. This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of housing planning and control activities. The best approaches to assisting its effectiveness among decision-makers and implementers in housing development were revealed. Thus, the study employs a qualitative method through in-depth interviews conducted among town planners. The study discovered the most important aspects are the availability of data in improving housing planning and control. Keywords: Land Use Planning; Housing Planning; Planning Control; Development Plan eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3028

In a three-valued situation table, there are different levels of importance for different issues with respect to the alliance, conflict, and neutrality relations, and it is necessary to distinguish all issues as reducible and irreducible elements to filter out the key issues for solving conflicts. However, we have not observed studies of issue reduction for three-valued situation tables in three-way conflict analysis. In this paper, first, we give the matrix representations of alliance, conflict, and neutrality relations and reveal the relationship between two agents in the framework of a matrix. Then, we propose the concepts of alliance, conflict, and neutrality reducts of three-valued situation tables and define reducible and irreducible elements with respect to the alliance, conflict, and neutrality relations. Additionally, we design sequential forward and backward heuristic algorithms for constructing the alliance, conflict, and neutrality reducts. Finally, we give discernibility matrices for computing the sets of all alliance, conflict, and neutrality reducts, and we employ several examples to illustrate how to construct all alliance, conflict, and neutrality reducts. We provide an application of issue reduction to help the government of Gansu Province make a development plan for next year.