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8. Discordance between CD4 cell count and CD4 cell percentage: implications for when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children

Author

Author:, Boyd, Dunn, K, David, T, Castro, H, Gibb, D. M, Duong, T, Aboulker, J. P, Bulterys, M, Cortina, Borja, Gabiano, M, Galli, C, Giaquinto, L, Harris, C, D. R, Hughes, Mckinney, M, Mofenson, R, Moye, L, Newell, J, M. L, Pahwa, Palumbo, S, Rudin, P, Sharland, C, Shearer, M, Thompson, W, Tookey, B, Corporate Author: HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study: Osimani, P., P, Mattia, De, Manzionna, D, M, Bari, Di, Ruggeri, C, Pellegrini, M, Masi, N, Ciccia, M, Lanari, M, Venturi, M, Baldi, V, Chiriacò, F, Schumacher, P, Duse, Rf, Castagna, M, Dessi, M, Dedoni, C, Cavallini, M, Gariel, R, Sabatino, D, Pomero, G, Sticca, G, Anastasio, M, Bezzi, E, Gervaso, Mt, Chiappini, P, Paganelli, E, Cecchi, S, Bassetti, Mt, Rosso, D, Cosso, R, Bartolini, D, Gotta, M, Amoretti, C, Pinzani, C, R, Bojanin, J, Viganò, A, Giacomet, V, Schneider, L, Zuccotti, Gv, Riva, E, Giovannini, M, Ferraris, G, Liprei, R, Moretti, C, Stronati, M, Cellini, M, Del, Carmen, Ciccimarra, M, Buffolano, F, Guarino, W, Bruzzese, A, Tarallo, E, Sanfilippo, L, A, Romano, A, Rampon, O, D'Elia, R, Ruga, E, and Consolini, Rita

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, HIV Infections, Zidovudine, Pharmacotherapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Epidemiology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Infant, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Antiretroviral therapy, United States, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Natural history, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Disease Progression, HIV-1, Female, business, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines for HIV-1-infected children specify both absolute CD4 cell count and CD4 percentage thresholds at which consideration should be given to initiating ART. This leads to clinical dilemma when one marker is below the threshold, whereas the other is above. Design: Data were obtained on a large group of children followed longitudinally in trials and cohort studies in Europe and the USA. Follow-up was censored 6 months after the start of any antiretroviral drug other than zidovudine monotherapy. Methods: Discordance between CD4 cell count and percentage was defined in relation to ART initiation thresholds in World Health Organization (WHO) and European paediatric treatment guidelines. The relative prognostic value of CD4 cell count and percentage for progression to AIDS/death was investigated using time-updated Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by age. Results: Among 3345 children, with a total of 21 815 pairs of CD4 measurements analysed, 980 developed AIDS and/or died after a median follow-up of 1.7 years. Over one-half of children had discordant values of CD4 cell markers at the first visit when one or both treatment thresholds were crossed and approximately one-third had the same pattern of discordance at a subsequent measurement. Models suggested that CD4 percentage had little or no prognostic value over and above that contained in CD4 cell count, irrespective of age. Conclusions: More emphasis should be placed on CD4 cell count than on CD4 percentage in deciding when to start ART in HIV-1-infected children. (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published
2010

10. Attività dello squalene durante l'autossidazione di acidi grassi poliinsaturi

Author

Dessi, M. Assunta, Deiana, Monica, Arras, Cristina, Rosa, Antonella, Banni, Stefano, and Corongiu, Francesco P.

Subjects
BIO/10 Biochimica
Abstract

In this paper we have investigated the activity of squalene during the autoxidation of four different polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. Our results show that squalene exerts a weak but significant antioxidant activity, and that squalene hydroperoxide, the product derived from squalene oxidation, does not possess prooxidant activity. The protection exerted by squalene is higher versus linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids than linoleic acid. Squalene antioxidant activity is related to its double bond system since its saturated form, squalane, does not exert any inhibitory activity. Therefore, in our experimental conditions, squalene does not act as a hydrogen atoms donor such as α-tocopherol.

Published
2000

11. Studio dell'attività antiossidante di estratti da piante della flora sarda

Author

Deiana, Monica, Rosa, Antonella, Crobu, Valentina, Isola, Michela, Paccagnini, Stefania, Casu, Viviana, Piga, Rosaria, and Dessi, M. Assunta

Subjects
BIO/10 Biochimica
Abstract

The present work was carried out to study the effect of some plant methanol extracts and essential oils on lipid peroxidation in simple in vitro systems. The tested extracts were obtained from four plants, commonly known in the Mediterranean area, autochthonous in Sardinia, as Artemisia arborescens, Calycotome villosa, Daphne gnidium or exotic naturalised in the island as Eucalyptus globulus. We investigated the activity of the extracts during both the autoxidation and the iron or EDTA-mediated oxidation of linoleic acid at 37°C in absence of solvent, and compared it with that of BHT, a-tocopherol and EDTA. During linoleic acid autoxidation all the extracts were active, showing an antioxidant activity growing in the order: BHT > αtocopherol > Daphne gnidium (methanol extract) > Eucalyptus globulus (essential oil) > Calycotome villosa (essential oil) > Artemisia arborescens (essential oil and methanol extract) > Calycotome villosa (methanol extract). None of them showed any prooxidant activity. During the iron-catalysed oxidation of linoleic acid the oils were not active, while all the methanol extracts showed some efficiency to prevent the oxidation process.

Published
2000

12. Modificazioni dei livelli di acido arachidonico e vitamina A in relazione alla attività anticancerogena attribuita all'apporto alimentare di burro naturalmente arricchito in acido linoleico a dieni coniugati (CLA)

Author

Banni, Stefano, Angioni, E., Carta, G., Dessi, M. Assunta, Melis, M. Paola, Murru, E., Scanu, P., Spada, Sebastiano, Vargiolu, Silvana, and Corongiu, Francesco P.

Subjects
integumentary system, food and beverages, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), BIO/10 Biochimica
Abstract

Considerable attention has recently been directed to the naturally occurring trace fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), based on its dual ability to act both as a preventive and therapeutic agent in a number of rodent and human tumor model systems. CLA, which is synthesized by rumen bacteria, is found in meat and dairy products, and is of particular interest since it is effective at low levels in the diet. Our research interest is to explore whether the mechanism of the anticarcinogenic activity of CLA may be reconductible to its metabolism and influence on tissue lipid metabolism. CLA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with two singular properties: 1) Its metabolism is alike that of linoleic acid and thus competes with the latter for the elongation and desaturation enzyme systems, leading on one hand to a decreased generation of eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids for eicosanoid synthesis, and on the other to a replacement of the natural substrates with CLA metabolites known to inhibit the cyclooxigenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LPOX) pathways; and 2) It increases the retinol content of different tissues, an effect that may be due to β-oxidation of CLA by peroxisomes with consequent activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPARα). The effects of CLA on eicosanoid synthesis may be the key factor of a common mechanism underlying its pleiotropic activities, and our current working hypothesis is that this factor along with tissue retinol increase, mediate the anticarcinogenic action of CLA.

Published
2000

13. Radiation-induced emesis: A prospective observational multicenter Italian trial

Author

Maranzano, E, Latini, P, Roila, F, De Angelis, V, Tonato, M, Ballatori, E, Del Favero, A, Ciccarese, G, Palladino, Ma, Galardi, A, Cintolesi, V, Sulprizio, S, Biti, G, Dessi, M, Maxia, G, Lupattelli, M, Piro, F, Bellavita, R, Bianchi, P, Timurian, D, Dal Fior, S, Iannone, T, Bonanno, I, Magno, L, Fillini, C, Marchetti, G, Giudici, S, Corvo, R, Mignogna, M, Sargenti, A, DE RENZIS, Costantino, Sansotta, G, Di Russo, A, Ricci, Sb, Sciume, F, Liotta, P, Del Duca, M, Emiliani, E, Morganti, Ag, Cellini, N, Mandoliti, G, Polico, C, Trippa, F, Checcaglini, F, Sola, B, Trotti, Ab, Ponticelli, P, Lombardi, R, Sarti, E, Moro, G, Iacopino, B, Galuppi, A, Palmucci, T, La Monica MM, Leggio, M, Lonardi, F, Marzi, M, Di Marco, A, Pergolizzi, Stefano, Pizzi, G, Cerrotta, A, Orecchia, R, Barsacchi, L, Silvestro, G, Scoppa, G, Franchini, P, Vanzo, C, Cristallini, S, D'Abbiero, N, Salvi, G, Tombolini, V, Parisi, S, Alfieri, M, Sebaste, L, Malinverni, G., Tomio, L, Buffoli, A, and Pradella, R.

Published
1999

14. Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features of perinatal HIV-1 Infection

Author

Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children Coordination: De Martino, Tovo, M, Galli, Pa, Gabiano, L, C, Partecipants:, Giaquinto, Tulisso, C, Loy, S, Rancillo, A, Vieruci, L, Zuccotti, A, Marchisio, Gv, Plebani, P, Livadiotti, A, Caselli, S, Dallacasa, D, Stegagno, P, Fundarò, M, Timpano, C, Belloni, C, Duse, M, Ruggeri, M, Dessi, M, and Consolini, Rita

Published
1995

16. Patient compliance with quality of life questionnaires

Author

Roila, F., Ballatori, E., Antonella MATTEI, Cortesi, E., Tamburini, M., Casali, P., Licitra, L., Mencaglia, E., Costantini, M., Massidda, B., Angelis, V., Ciccarese, G., Valori, Vm, Lelli, G., Nanni, L., Romano, Mp, Di Maggio, G., Morritti, Mg, Di Micco, C., Palladino, Ma, Porrozzi, S., Milella, G., Locatelli, Mc, Valsecchi, V., Zamparelli, G., Pessi, A., Molaro, O., Luporini, G., Bertetto, O., Donadio, M., Fanchini, L., Mistrangelo, M., Bumma, C., Parello, G., Malacarne, P., Donati, D., Scapoli, D., Ferrari, A., Olmi, P., Galardi, A., Panichi, M., Ruggiero, C., Zironi, S., Banzi, C., Piccinini, L., Campora, E., Venturino, A., Vincenti, M., Gasco, M., Marchioro, G., Barbato, F., Azzarello, G., Vinante, O., Sabbioni, R., Nortilli, R., Griso, C., Cetto, L., Aste, Mg, Pasqualucci, S., Chierchi, Mc, Floris, C., Barbieri, E., Frezza, G., Bunkeila, F., Bonci, F., Sarobba, Mg, Farris, A., Sanna, G., Ionta, Mt, Murru, R., Mascia, Mg, Lopez, M., Amodio, A., Paoletti, G., Tomio, L., Romano, M., Amichetti, M., Barni, S., Ardizzoia, A., Mandala, M., Maxia, G., Dessi, M., Acito, L., Giustini, L., Casarini, Mb, Smerieri, F., Riva, N., Maltoni, M., Antimi, M., Bellini, V., Boz, G., Brema, F., Candis, D., Polico, C., Mandoliti, G., Amendola, P., Iacono, C., Imperato, A., Gelmi, S., Maluta, S., Selvestrel, C., Giovanni, S., Cognetti, F., Barduagni, M., Fusco, V., Pozzi, G., Bracci, R., Antognoli, S., Mascia, V., Farci, D., Vitale, V., Musi, M., Grasso, F., Nicodemo, M., Cirillo, M., Botta, M., Giovanni, D., Giuliodori, L., Silva, Rr, Martignetti, A., Domini, P., Gareri, R., Porcile, G., Dalla Mola, A., Ambrosini, G., Casi, C., Del Favero, A., Pignata, S., Ricchi, P., Folco, U., Castellana, Ma, Salvi, G., Lionello, R., Gaion, F., Ronco, M., Troccoli, G., Ranuzzi, M., Marchetti, P., Montinari, F., Fioretto, L., Palmeri, S., Sassi, M., Carreca, I., Cinieri, S., Graiff, C., Cariello, S., Mantovani, G., Lazzaro, B., Spada, S., Rosati, G., Marinis, F., Gravina, A., La Ciura, P., Ognibeni, M., Iannone, T., Pusceddu, G., Buffoli, A., and Menichetti, Et

17. Effects of vaccination against bluetongue on milk production and quality in cattle vaccinated with live-attenuated monovalent type 2 vaccine

Author

Armando Giovannini, Conte, A., Panichi, G., Calistri, P., Dessi, M., Foddis, F., Schintu, A., and Caporale, V.

Abstract

The first epidemic of bluetongue (BT) to affect the three regions of Sardinia, Sicily and Calabria (Italy) in 2000 induced high economic losses caused by the disease itself and by the cessation of ruminant movements both within, and out of, the infected areas. In order to reduce virus circulation, and to create a resistant livestock population, the Italian Ministry of Health ruled, in May 2001, that all sheep, cattle, goats and water buffalo, in infected and in neighbouring regions, be vaccinated. The live-attenuated BTV-2 monovalent vaccine produced by Onderstepoort Biological Products in South Africa was to be used. Accordingly, in 2002, 98.6% of the sheep and goats, and 88.1% of the cattle, on Sardinia were vaccinated. Included was the vaccination of70% of the cattle in the province of Oristano where18,000 dairy cows in220 herds are concentrated in the municipality of Arborea (Oristano) and which account for 65-70% of the milk produced in Sardinia. Using data collected at the centralised dairy co-operative since 1999 the quantity and quality of milk produced before vaccination against bluetongue was compared to that produced after vaccination. The following variables were analysed: average milk production/cow/month, monthly average fat content (%), monthly average protein content (%), average monthly somatic cell count and average monthly platelet count. The findings indicate that vaccination against BTV-2 in Sardinian dairy cattle did not impact negatively upon milk quantity nor milk quality.

20. Probiotics in the add-on treatment of otitis media in clinical practice

Author

Gelardi, M., La Mantia, I., Drago, L., Meroni, G., Salvatore Emanuele Aragona, Cupido, G., Vicini, C., Berardi, C., Ciprandi, G., Albanese, G., Anni, A., Antoniacomi, G., Artoni, S., Asprella, G., Azzaro, R., Azzolin, A., Balduzzi, A., Barbarino, I., Bertetto, B. I., Bianchi, A., Bianco, N., Bonanno, A., Bordonaro, C., Brindisi, A. M., Bucolo, S., Bulzomì, A. G., Caligo, G., Capaccio, P., Capelli, M., Capone, A., Carboni, S., Carluccio, G., Casaula, M., Cassano, M., Cavaliere, M., Ciabattoni, A., Conti, A., Cordier, A., Cortellessa, F., Costanzo, M., Cupido, F., D’ascanio, L., Danza, C., D’auria, C., Ciccio, M., Luca, C., D’emila, M., Dessi, R., Di Lullo, A., D’urso, M., Falcetti, S., Falciglia, R., Fera, G., Ferrari, G., Ferraro, S. M., Fini, O., Fiorella, M., Floriddia, A., Asprea, F., Fusco, C., Fuson, R., Gallo, A., Gambardella, T., Gambardella, G., Giangregorio, F., Gramellini, G., Ierace, M., Ingria, F., La Paglia, A., Lanza, L., Lauletta, R., Lavazza, P., Leone, M., Lovotti, P., Luperto, P., Maniscalco, F., Marincolo, I., Martone, R., Melis, A., Messina, A., Milone, V., Mirra, N., Montanaro, S. C., Muià, F., Nacci, A., Nardello, E., Paderno, L., Padovani, D., Palma, A., Paoletti, M., Pedrotti, I., Petrillo, F., Piccolo, M., Pinto, P., Policarpo, M., Raguso, M., Ranieri, A., Romano, G., Rondinelli, M., Russo, C., Di Santillo, L. S., Sequino, G., Serraino, E. M., Spahiu, I., Spanò, G., Stabile, C., Stagni, G., Stellin, M., Tassi, S., Tomacelli, G., Tombolini, A., Valenzise, V., Zirone, A., Gelardi, M., Mantia, La, Drago, I., Meroni, L., Aragona, G., Cupido, S. E., Vicini, G., Berardi, C., Ciprandi, C., Albanese, G., Anni, G., Antoniacomi, A., Artoni, G., Asprella, S., Azzaro, G., Azzolin, R., Balduzzi, A., Barbarino, A., Berardi, I., Bertetto, C., Bianchi, B. I., Bianco, A., Bonanno, N., Bordonaro, A., Brindisi, C., Bucolo, A. M., Bulzomì, S., Caligo, A. G., Capaccio, G., Capelli, P., Capone, M., Carboni, A., Carluccio, S., Casaula, G., Cassano, M., Cavaliere, M., Ciabattoni, M., Conti, A., Cordier, A., Cortellessa, A., Costanzo, F., Cupido, M., D’Ascanio, F., Danza, L., D’Auria, C., Ciccio, De, Luca, De, D’Emila, C., Dessi, M., Lullo, Di, D’Urso, A., Falcetti, M., Falciglia, S., Fera, R., Ferrari, G., Ferraro, G., Fini, S. M., Fiorella, O., Floriddia, M., Asprea, A., Fusco, F., Fuson, C., Gallo, R., Gambardella, A., Gambardella, T., Giangregorio, G., Gramellini, F., Ierace, G., Ingria, M., Paglia, La, Lanza, A., Lauletta, L., Lavazza, R., Leone, P., Lovotti, M., Luperto, P., Maniscalco, P., Marincolo, F., Martone, I., Melis, R., Messina, A., Milone, A., Mirra, V., Montanaro, N., Muià, S. C., Nacci, F., Nardello, A., Paderno, E., Padovani, L., Palma, D., Paoletti, A., Pedrotti, M., Petrillo, I., Piccolo, F., Pinto, M., Policarpo, P., Raguso, M., Ranieri, M., Romano, A., Rondinelli, G., Russo, M., Santillo, Di, Sequino, L. S., Serraino, G., Spahiu, E. M., Spanò, I., Stabile, G., Stagni, C., Stellin, G., Tassi, M., Tomacelli, S., Tombolini, G., Valenzise, A., and Zirone, V.

Subjects
chronic, Lactobacillu, Otitis Media, dysbiosi, Probiotics, Anti-Bacterial Agent, antibiotic therapy, acute, probiotic, Human
Abstract

Otitis media (OM) affects the middle ear and is typically characterized by earache. OM may be classified as acute (AOM) or chronic (COM), based on symptom duration. OM may be clinically suspected, but the diagnosis is usually confirmed by the otoscopy. Antibiotic therapy is frequently used in clinical practice. However, antibiotics often induce intestinal and respiratory dysbiosis associated with some clinical problems. A one-month course of a probiotic mixture (Abincol® containing Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 (1 billion of living cells), Lactobacillus lactis subspecies cremoris LLC02 (800 million living cells), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii LDD01 (200 million living cells), was prescribed in the Group A, and was compared with no addon treatment, such as the Group B. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), at the end of antibiotic treatment (T1), at the end of probiotic course (T2), and at the end of 3-month follow-up (T3).

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