1. Cardiovascular risk factors and near visual impairment among Congolese older people: EPIDEMCA-FU population-based cohort
- Author
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Gbessemehlan, Antoine, Helmer, Catherine, Delcourt, Cecile, Boumédiène, Farid, Ndamba-Bandzouzi, Bébène, M'Belesso, Pascal, Samba, Harielle, Kehoua, Gilles, Desormais, Iléana, Lacroix, Philippe, Aboyans, Victor, Dartigues, Jean-François, Houinato, Dismand, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Equipe LEHA (U1219 Inserm - UB - Bordeaux population Health Centre Recherche), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Service de cardiologie [CHU Limoges], Equipe HEALTHY (U1219 Inserm - UB - Bordeaux population Health Centre Recherche), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), and Grelier, Elisabeth
- Subjects
[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie - Abstract
International audience; Objective:It is recognized that some cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are involved in poor ocular health. The deleterious effects are potentially more pronounced among older adults. However, it is unknown whether CVRF areassociated independently or not to Visual Impairment (VI) among African older people while both (CVRF and VI) are verycommon in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we investigated the association between CVRF and near VI amongCongolese older people.Methods: Participants were Congolese older people aged ≥ 65 years included in EPIDEMCA-FU (Epidemiology ofDementia in Central Africa - Follow-up) population-based cohort carried out from 2011 to 2015. Visual acuity wasassessed at 30 cm using a Parinaud chart. Near VI was defined as having a visual acuity < 20/40. A cohort design wasused taking all CVRF and covariates at baseline and visual acuity at 1st follow-up. Associations were investigated usingmultivariate logistic regression.Results: 549 participants were included in our analyses. Participants median age was 72 years [interquartile range: 68-78 years] and 331 (60.3%) were females. In total, 378 had near VI (328 had mild/moderate near VI, 38 had severe VI and12 were blind). Prevalence of near VI was 68.8% [95% Confidence Interval: 64.9% - 72.7%] and higher in males (71.1%;95%CI: 65.1% - 77.1%) than females (67.4%; 95% CI: 62.3% - 72.4%). Of the CVRF explored, we found that having highBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.31 [95%CI: 1.25 – 4.28]), diabetes (aOR=2.14 [95%CI: 1.07 – 4.29]) andhypertension (aOR=1.65 [95%CI: 1.03 – 2.66]) were independently associated with near VI. However, after adjustmenton cognitive status, hypertension (full-adjusted OR=1.58 [95%CI: 0.97 – 2.58]) was no longer significantly associated withVI. There was no interaction between these CVRF. We found no significant association for alcohol consumption(p=0.541), smoking status (p=0.88), and indirect marker of poor diet (0.33) in our sample.Conclusion: Prevalence of near VI was high among Congolese older people. High BMI, diabetes, and hypertension wereindependently associated to near VI in this population. Our study suggests that these CVRF could represent targets for VIprevention. However, further studies are required to clarify underling mechanisms because these associations may bemediated by the presence of ocular conditions/eye diseases.
- Published
- 2020