Search

In powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, machines are often equipped with in-situ sensors to monitor the build environment as well as machine actuators and subsystems. The data from these sensors offer rich information about the consistency of the fabrication process within a build and across builds. This information may be used for process monitoring and defect detection; however, little has been done to leverage this data from the machines for more than just coarse-grained process monitoring. In this work we demonstrate how these inherently temporal data may be mapped spatially by leveraging scan path information. We then train a XGBoost machine learning model to predict localized defects—specifically soot–using only the mapped process data of builds from a laser powder bed fusion process as input features. The XGBoost model offers a feature importance metric that will help to elucidate possible relationships between the process data and observed defects. Finally, we analyze the model performance spatially and rationalize areas of greater and lesser performance.

In September 2008, the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship and dividend payments on common and preferred shares were suspended. As a result, share prices fell to nearly zero and many banks across the country lost the value of their investments in the preferred shares. We estimate more than 600 depository institutions in the United States were exposed to at least $8 billion in investment losses from these securities. In addition, fifteen failures and two distressed mergers either directly or indirectly resulted from the takeover. Since these GSE investments were considered to be safe investments by banks, regulators, and rating agencies, we consider these losses to be exogenous shocks to bank capital, and use this event to examine the relationship between community bank condition and lending during this crisis. We find that in the quarter following the takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the measured Tier 1 capital ratio at exposed banks fell about three percent on average, and loan growth at exposed banks with median capitalization was about 2 percentage points lower compared to other banks in the following quarter. Consequently, considering the set of community banks that incurred about $2 billion in GSE-related losses, and assuming that each bank reduced loan growth by 2 percentage points, the estimated aggregate lending drop among these banks would be roughly $4 billion.

The continued growth of sales of tangible personal property and services across the Internet as well as the failure of state revenues to satisfy projections have increased the pressure on state revenue collection agencies to attempt to tax Internet sales. This paper sets forth the legal framework by which states are permitted to tax Internet transactions, developments by which state revenue collection agencies are attempting to expand Internet taxation and methods to avoid taxation on Internet sales.

The writers, as Section Manager and head of an inner‐city school under Special Measures, describe the school’s approach to the re‐engineering of its pastoral system from a horizontal, year‐based system, to a semi‐vertical ‘family’ system. The article explores the reasons for the change, the planning process and the outcomes and suggests ways of implementing successful change over a short time‐frame.

Matthew Massy-Westropp is Clinical Senior Occupational Therapist at Metropolitan Domiciliary Care Southern Region. Derek Rose is Research Officer at Metropolitan Domiciliary Care Southern RegionManual handling injuries represented both the highest costs and largest proportion of workers compensation claims for the South Australian Department of Human Services from 1995 to 1999 (Risk Management Services 2000). There is evidence to suggest the manutention method of manual handling training can reduce workplace injuries. A retrospective audit of injuries was conducted at Metropolitan Domiciliary Care Southern Region, a community health service agency, to determine the effects of introducing the manutention method of manual handling to the agency. The workers most likely to sustain a manual handling injury were paramedical aides. For this workgroup, the incidence and severity of injuries were significantly reduced for the period following the introduction of the manutention method of manual handling training.