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Advanced ovarian carcinoma is a chemosensitive tumor, but its prognosis is poor with 20 to 30% 5-year survival using conventional therapy. Increasing doses of chemotherapy might improve the prognosis because of the dose-effect.Between 1980 and 1994 at Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 67 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with different alkylating agents-based regimens of high dose chemotherapy (HDC) and hematopoietic stem cell support (HSCS). The population was divided in 2 groups: a salvage group (n = 30) including initial conventional chemotherapy-refractory patients, and a consolidation group (n = 37) including patients whose disease was sensitive to classical first-line chemotherapy after debulking surgery.Toxicity was essentially hematological (severe aplasia) and digestive (mucositis). Four toxic deaths occurred related to infection during immunosuppression. In the salvage group, 9 out of 22 evaluable patients responded (41%), but the duration of responses was short (median range of 6 months) and the 2-year overall survival rate was 13%. In the consolidation group, 17 patients are still alive, 12 with progression with a median follow-up of 63 months. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 32% while the 5-year overall survival rate was 46%.Toxicity of HDC with HSCS is acceptable for poor-prognosis patients. In the long term, this therapy is not beneficial for chemotherapy refractory patients, despite objective response rates better than the conventional treatment, confirming the dose-effect for alkylating agents in ovarian cancer. On the other hand, the results seem better than classical therapy in case of chemosensitive disease and should be confirmed prospectively in a larger cohort of patients.