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1. High Risk of Secondary Infections Following Thrombotic Complications in Patients With COVID-19

Author

Ripa, Marco, Galli, Laura, D’Angelo, Armando, Apruzzi, Luca, Palumbo, Diego, Campochiaro, Corrado, Tassan Din, Chiara, Danise, Anna, Da Prat, Valentina, Vitali, Giordano, Brugliera, Luigia, Poli, Andrea, Monardo, Roberta, Monti, Giacomo, Baccellieri, Domenico, De Cobelli, Francesco, Clementi, Massimo, Iannaccone, Sandro, Dagna, Lorenzo, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Ciceri, Fabio, Tresoldi, Moreno, Zangrillo, Alberto, Scarpellini, Paolo, Castagna, Antonella, Andolina, Andrea, Bigoloni, Alba, Bossolasco, Simona, Bruzzesi, Elena, Canetti, Diana, Castiglioni, Barbara, Cernuschi, Massimo, Chiurlo, Matteo, Cinque, Paola, Dell’Acqua, Raffaele, Della Torre, Liviana, Gianotti, Nicola, Guffanti, Monica, Hasson, Hamid, Messina, Emanuela, Morsica, Giulia, Nozza, Silvia, Ranzenigo, Martina, Uberti-Foppa, Caterina, Vinci, Concetta, Badalucco Ciotta, Flavia, Bottanelli, Martina, Clemente, Tommaso, Mainardi, Ilaria, Mori, Giovanni, Papaioannu Borjesson, Rebecka, Ponta, Giacomo, Muccini, Camilla, Mastrangelo, Andrea, Oltolini, Chiara, Spagnuolo, Vincenzo, Benassi, Luca, Bigai, Giorgia, Bozzolo, Enrica, Borio, Giorgia, Bussolari, Cecilia, Calvisi, Stefania, Canti, Valentina, Castellani, Jacopo, Cavallo, Ludovica, Cilla, Marta, Cinel, Elena, Compagnone, Nicola, D’Aliberti, Teresa, Damanti, Sarah, De Lorenzo, Rebecca, Di Lucca, Giuseppe, Di Terlizzi, Gaetano, Dumea, Iulia, Farolfi, Federica, Ferrante, Marica, Frangi, Claudia, Gallina, Gabriele, Germinario Bruno, Nicolò, Lanzillotta, Marco, Li Voti, Raffaele, Marinosci, Alessandro, Martinenghi, Sabina, Memoli, Massimo, Montagna, Marco, Pascali, Maria, Patrizi, Alessandro, Pomaranzi, Chiara, Scotti, Raffaella, Strada, Silvia, Boffini, Nicola, Cavalli, Giulio, Della Torre, Emanuel, De Luca, Giacomo, Farina, Nicola, Moroni, Luca, Ramirez Giuseppe, Alvise, Tomelleri, Alessandro, Azzolini Maria, Luisa, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Calabrò Maria, Grazia, Casiraghi Giuseppina, Maria, Dell’Acqua, Antonio, Fresilli, Stefano, Guzzo, Francesca, Landoni, Giovanni, Lombardi, Gaetano, Maimeri, Nicolò, Moizo, Elena, Nisi Francesco, Giuseppe, Oriani, Alessandro, Ortalda, Alessandro, Pasculli, Nicola, Pieri, Marina, Turi, Stefano, Bertoglio, Luca, Bilman, Victor, Carletti, Silvia, Gona, Floriana, Mancini, Nicasio, Della Valle, Patrizia, Molinari, Chiara, Poloniato, Antonella, Lalla, Francesca, Prestifilippo, Dario, Sapienza, Jacopo, Seghi, Federico, Ripa, Marco, Galli, Laura, D’Angelo, Armando, Apruzzi, Luca, Palumbo, Diego, Campochiaro, Corrado, Tassan Din, Chiara, Danise, Anna, Da Prat, Valentina, Vitali, Giordano, Brugliera, Luigia, Poli, Andrea, Monardo, Roberta, Monti, Giacomo, Baccellieri, Domenico, De Cobelli, Francesco, Clementi, Massimo, Iannaccone, Sandro, Dagna, Lorenzo, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Ciceri, Fabio, Tresoldi, Moreno, Zangrillo, Alberto, Scarpellini, Paolo, Castagna, Antonella, Andolina, Andrea, Bigoloni, Alba, Bossolasco, Simona, Bruzzesi, Elena, Canetti, Diana, Castiglioni, Barbara, Cernuschi, Massimo, Chiurlo, Matteo, Cinque, Paola, Dell’Acqua, Raffaele, Della Torre, Liviana, Gianotti, Nicola, Guffanti, Monica, Hasson, Hamid, Messina, Emanuela, Morsica, Giulia, Nozza, Silvia, Ranzenigo, Martina, Uberti-Foppa, Caterina, Vinci, Concetta, Badalucco Ciotta, Flavia, Bottanelli, Martina, Clemente, Tommaso, Mainardi, Ilaria, Mori, Giovanni, Papaioannu Borjesson, Rebecka, Ponta, Giacomo, Muccini, Camilla, Mastrangelo, Andrea, Oltolini, Chiara, Spagnuolo, Vincenzo, Benassi, Luca, Bigai, Giorgia, Bozzolo, Enrica, Borio, Giorgia, Bussolari, Cecilia, Calvisi, Stefania, Canti, Valentina, Castellani, Jacopo, Cavallo, Ludovica, Cilla, Marta, Cinel, Elena, Compagnone, Nicola, D’Aliberti, Teresa, Damanti, Sarah, De Lorenzo, Rebecca, Di Lucca, Giuseppe, Di Terlizzi, Gaetano, Dumea, Iulia, Farolfi, Federica, Ferrante, Marica, Frangi, Claudia, Gallina, Gabriele, Germinario Bruno, Nicolò, Lanzillotta, Marco, Li Voti, Raffaele, Marinosci, Alessandro, Martinenghi, Sabina, Memoli, Massimo, Montagna, Marco, Pascali, Maria, Patrizi, Alessandro, Pomaranzi, Chiara, Scotti, Raffaella, Strada, Silvia, Boffini, Nicola, Cavalli, Giulio, Della Torre, Emanuel, De Luca, Giacomo, Farina, Nicola, Moroni, Luca, Ramirez Giuseppe, Alvise, Tomelleri, Alessandro, Azzolini Maria, Luisa, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Calabrò Maria, Grazia, Casiraghi Giuseppina, Maria, Dell’Acqua, Antonio, Fresilli, Stefano, Guzzo, Francesca, Landoni, Giovanni, Lombardi, Gaetano, Maimeri, Nicolò, Moizo, Elena, Nisi Francesco, Giuseppe, Oriani, Alessandro, Ortalda, Alessandro, Pasculli, Nicola, Pieri, Marina, Turi, Stefano, Bertoglio, Luca, Bilman, Victor, Carletti, Silvia, Gona, Floriana, Mancini, Nicasio, Della Valle, Patrizia, Molinari, Chiara, Poloniato, Antonella, Lalla, Francesca, Prestifilippo, Dario, Sapienza, Jacopo, and Seghi, Federico

Subjects
pulmonary embolism, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, bacteria, coronavirus, infections, thrombosis
Abstract

BackgroundThis study’s primary aim was to evaluate the impact of thrombotic complications on the development of secondary infections. The secondary aim was to compare the etiology of secondary infections in patients with and without thrombotic complications.MethodsThis was a cohort study (NCT04318366) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized at IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital between February 25 and June 30, 2020. Incidence rates (IRs) were calculated by univariable Poisson regression as the number of cases per 1000 person-days of follow-up (PDFU) with 95% confidence intervals. The cumulative incidence functions of secondary infections according to thrombotic complications were compared with Gray's method accounting for competing risk of death. A multivariable Fine-Gray model was applied to assess factors associated with risk of secondary infections.ResultsOverall, 109/904 patients had 176 secondary infections (IR, 10.0; 95% CI, 8.8–11.5; per 1000-PDFU). The IRs of secondary infections among patients with or without thrombotic complications were 15.0 (95% CI, 10.7–21.0) and 9.3 (95% CI, 7.9–11.0) per 1000-PDFU, respectively (P = .017). At multivariable analysis, thrombotic complications were associated with the development of secondary infections (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.788; 95% CI, 1.018–3.140; P = .043). The etiology of secondary infections was similar in patients with and without thrombotic complications.ConclusionsIn patients with COVID-19, thrombotic complications were associated with a high risk of secondary infections.

Published
2022
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3. Supercontinuum in integrated photonics: generation, applications, challenges, and perspectives

Author

Camille-Sophie Brès, Alberto Della Torre, Davide Grassani, Victor Brasch, Christian Grillet, and Christelle Monat

Subjects
midinfrared supercontinuum, integrated photonics, lithium-niobate, nonlinear optics, self-phase modulation, waveguides, frequency combs, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, silicon-carbide, 2nd-harmonic generation, broad-band, mu-m, wave-guide amplifiers, frequency comb generation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, supercontinuum generation, nonlinear-optical response, Biotechnology
Abstract

Frequency conversion in nonlinear materials is an extremely useful solution to the generation of new optical frequencies. Often, it is the only viable solution to realize light sources highly relevant for applications in science and industry. In particular, supercontinuum generation in waveguides, defined as the extreme spectral broadening of an input pulsed laser light, is a powerful technique to bridge distant spectral regions based on single-pass geometry, without requiring additional seed lasers or temporal synchronization. Owing to the influence of dispersion on the nonlinear broadening physics, supercontinuum generation had its breakthrough with the advent of photonic crystal fibers, which permitted an advanced control of light confinement, thereby greatly improving our understanding of the underlying phenomena responsible for supercontinuum generation. More recently, maturing in fabrication of photonic integrated waveguides has resulted in access to supercontinuum generation platforms benefiting from precise lithographic control of dispersion, high yield, compact footprint, and improved power consumption. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of supercontinuum generation in chip-based platforms, from underlying physics mechanisms up to the most recent and significant demonstrations. The diversity of integrated material platforms, as well as specific features of waveguides, is opening new opportunities, as will be discussed here.

Published
2023
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4. Why do firms adopt collective incentives? An analysis of family and non-family firms

Author

Meysam Salimi, Edoardo Della Torre, and Raffaele Miniaci

Subjects
Settore SECS-P/10 - Organizzazione Aziendale, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Pay incentives, Family and non-family firms, Structural contingency theory, Socio-emotional wealth theory, Productivity, Italy, Pay incentives, Family and non-family firms, Structural contingency theory, Socio-emotional wealth theory, Productivity, Industrial relations
Abstract

PurposeBy combining structural contingency theory and socio-emotional wealth (SEW) theory, this study aims to identify the organizational determinants of collective performance-related pay (PRP) adoption by examining the interplay between a firm's ownership characteristics (i.e. family or non-family ownership) and other organizational characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative approach, conducting empirical analyses of a longitudinal dataset of 4,222 Italian companies in the manufacturing sector for 2009–2017. The probability of adopting collective PRP schemes is estimated using the average marginal effects of the probit and linear probability models (LPMs).FindingsThe results show that family firms are less likely to adopt collective PRP schemes than non-family firms. Moreover, ceteris paribus, firm characteristics such as size, age and past (firm and labor) productivity are important determinants of firms' adoption of collective incentive pay; however, the significance and magnitude of their effects vary depending on a firm's ownership structure.Originality/valueThis analysis has two major elements of novelty. First, it increases the knowledge of how organizational contingencies differ in family versus non-family contexts regarding pay decisions. Second, it brings new theoretical perspectives to the pay debate by combining structural contingency theory and SEW theory, thus developing new and fertile theoretical grounds for advancing our understanding of the pay determinants. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is one of the first (if any) studies to shed light on collective PRP in family and non-family firms.

Published
2023
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6. Saúde e meio ambiente: um estudo sobre a qualidade da água em um Assentamento Rural em Ribeirão Preto, SP

Author

Nataly Mieko Nakano, Gabriel de Sousa Meira, Bárbara Faustino Rodrigues, Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui, Gabriel Pinheiro Machado, Thaís Vilela Silva, Guilherme Carnio Della Torre, Danilo Vitorino dos Santos, Maria Lúcia Pontin Leipner, Carolina Sampaio Machado, Marina Smidt Celere Meschede, and Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Introdução: As restrições sanitárias em assentamentos rurais brasileiros podem afetar a qualidade da água e implicar em efeitos adversos para a saúde humana. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da água consumida em um assentamento localizado em Ribeirão Preto (SP). Métodos: O assentamento rural estudado conta com 6 poços artesianos para abastecimento público, no entanto a água não passa por nenhum processo de tratamento. Foram coletadas 234 amostras de água em 77 residências, distribuídas em 7 núcleos de base do assentamento. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto a qualidade microbiológica (coliformes totais, fecais e parasitas) e físico química (pH, turbidez e concentração de metais). Os resultados foram comparados com os padrões de potabilidade da Portaria nº888/21 do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro. Resultados: Observou-se que em 59,7% das amostras houve crescimento para coliformes totais, 13% para coliformes fecais e em 20,8% detectou-se larvas de helmintos. As análises físico químicas mostraram que em 28% das residências o pH esteve abaixo do recomendado. A concentração de metais mostrou-se em congruência com as recomendações brasileiras, com exceção do chumbo em duas residências. Conclusão: O acesso à água potável é um direito fundamental segundo a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), entretanto o estudo ratifica que a ausência de sistemas satisfatórios de abastecimento hídrico prejudica a qualidade da água consumida no assentamento e representa um risco para a saúde da comunidade.

Published
2023
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8. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a varying dispersion waveguide for multi-species gas spectroscopy

Author

Alberto Della Torre, Remi Armand, Milan Sinobad, Kokou Firmin Fiaboe, Barry Luther-Davies, Stephen Madden, Arnan Mitchell, Thach Nguyen, David J. Moss, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Vincent Reboud, Jean-Marc Fedeli, Christelle Monat, Christian Grillet, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), Australian National University (ANU), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-17-CE24-0028,MIRSiCOMB,Source COMB intégrée sur plateforme SiGe nonlinéaire émettant dans le moyen infra-rouge(2017), ANR-21-CE24-0005,MIRthFUL,Source supercontinuum reconfigurable moyen infrarouge sur puce et pompée par fibre(2021), and European Project: 648546,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,GRAPHICS(2015)

Subjects
Nonlinear optics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Supercontinuum, Mid-infrared, Spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

International audience; We report the experimental generation of a broadband and flat mid-infrared supercontinuum in a silicongermanium-on-silicon two-stage waveguide. Our particular design combines a short and narrow waveguide section for efficient supercontinuum generation, and an inverse tapered section that promotes the generation of two spectrally shifted dispersive waves along the propagation direction, leading to an overall broader and flatter supercontinuum. The experimentally generated supercontinuum extended from 2.4 to 5.5 µm, only limited by the long wavelength detection limit of our spectrum analyzer. Numerical simulations predict that the supercontinuum actually extends to 7.8 µm. We exploit the enhanced flatness of our supercontinuum for a proof-of-principle demonstration of free-space multi-species gas spectroscopy of water vapor and carbon dioxide.

Published
2023
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9. Innovative experiences in teaching conservation. Involving communities’ interests on preservation topics by fast investigations and social media dissemination

Author

Stefano Della Torre, Rossella Moioli, and Lorenzo Cantini

Subjects
living-lab, Villa Sottocasa, living- lab, Vimercate, Villa Sottocasa, thermography, dissemination, living- lab, Vimercate, dissemination, thermography
Abstract

Since 2019, the authors carried out a didactical experience trough the Preservation Studio workshop in the historical center of Vimercate, a town in the north east area of Milan, implementing a convention agreement between the Mu-nicipality and the Atheneum. The convention was arranged in order to set the relationship between the three academic courses of the Politecnico di Milano and the administration of Vimercate, supporting the teaching staff by providing ac-cessibility to various services and some public properties located in the city-cen-ter. Thanks to this kind of agreement, the courses could be supported in their activities by document centers, public associations and the members of the local community, while the teaching staff offered a constant sharing of the main activ-ities by social media and periodical disseminations through public lectures. After maturing several years of didactical workshops on the main buildings of the his-torical center of Vimercate, this paper shows the results collected with the stu-dios: the active class strategies, the on-site survey campaigns, the evolution of the results observed by year after year inspections, ND testing activities and local community involvement. The impact coming from the researches developed by the preservation classes and specific in depth studies realized by graduation thesis showed an increasing participation of the community to the topics connected to the city center: from conservation policies to future uses, historical buildings reached the attention of the people through the development of a new sensibility and perception of new values associated to the local architectural heritage.

Published
2022
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10. A future interstellar probe on the dynamic heliosphere and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium: In-situ particle and fields measurements and remotely sensed ENAs

Author

Dialynas K., Sterken V. J., Brandt P. C., Burlaga L., Berdichevsky D. B., Decker R. B., Della Torre S., DeMajistre R., Galli A., Gkioulidou M., Hill M. E., Krimigis S. M., Kornbleuth M., Kurth W., Lavraud B., McNutt R., Mitchell D. G., Mostafavi P. S., Nikoukar R., Opher M., Provornikova E., Roelof E. C., Rancoita P. G., Richardson J. D., Roussos E., Sokol J. M., La Vacca G., Westlake J., Chen T. Y., Dialynas, K, Sterken, V, Brandt, P, Burlaga, L, Berdichevsky, D, Decker, R, Della Torre, S, Demajistre, R, Galli, A, Gkioulidou, M, Hill, M, Krimigis, S, Kornbleuth, M, Kurth, W, Lavraud, B, Mcnutt, R, Mitchell, D, Mostafavi, P, Nikoukar, R, Opher, M, Provornikova, E, Roelof, E, Rancoita, P, Richardson, J, Roussos, E, Sokol, J, La Vacca, G, Westlake, J, and Chen, T

Subjects
Voyager, solar wind, interstellar probe, heliosphere, heliosheath, Cassini, energetic neutral atoms, very local interstellar medium, energetic neutral atom, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

The recently published Interstellar Probe (ISP) study report describes a pragmatic mission concept with a launch window that starts in 2036 and is expected to reach several hundreds of astronomical units past the heliopause within a time frame of ≥50 years (https://interstellarprobe.jhuapl.edu/Interstellar-Probe-MCR.pdf). Following the ISP report, this paper, that will also be accessible from the Bulletin of the AAS (BAAS) in the framework of the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024–2033 (Dialynas et al., A future Interstellar Probe on the dynamic heliosphere and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium: In-situ particle and fields measurements and remotely sensed ENAs, 2022a), aims to highlight the importance of studying the physics of the interactions pertaining to the expanding solar wind that meets the plasma, gas and dust flows of the very local interstellar medium, forming the complex and vast region of our astrosphere. We focus on three fundamental open science questions that reveal the dynamical nature of the heliosphere A) Where are the heliosphere boundaries and how thick is the heliosheath B) Is there a “missing” pressure component towards exploring the dynamics of the global heliosheath and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium C) Why does the shape and size of the global heliosphere appear different in different Energetic Neutral Atom energies? We argue that these questions can only be addressed by exploiting a combination of in-situ charged particle, plasma waves and fields measurements with remotely sensed Energetic Neutral Atoms that can be measured simultaneously from the instruments of a future Interstellar Probe mission, along its trajectory from interplanetary space through the heliosheath and out to the very local interstellar medium., Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 10, ISSN:2296-987X

Published
2023

12. Consumo alimentar na primeira infância: contribuição para os estudos de vigilância alimentar e nutricional

Author

Ana Clara Della Torre, Débora Vasconcelos Bastos Marques, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Tábatta Renata Pereira De Brito, and Daniela Braga Lima

Subjects
Life-span and Life-course Studies
Abstract

A alimentação adequada na infância contribui para o estabelecimento de hábitos alimentares saudáveis que se refletirão, não apenas em curto prazo, mas também na vida adulta. Objetivou-se caracterizar o consumo alimentar e identificar os fatores associados ao estado nutricional inadequado de crianças menores dois anos de vida. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal realizado com uma amostra de 344 lactentes menores de dois anos de idade e suas respectivas mães, acompanhados em Unidades de Saúde da Família. As variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas das mães e dos lactentes e o consumo alimentar dessas crianças foram avaliadas por meio de questionário estruturado. A força de associação entre as variáveis dependente e as independentes foi avaliada pelo odds ratio, tanto na análise univariada quanto na múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%. Após ajuste para variáveis de confusão, permaneceram associadas ao estado nutricional inadequado: anemia gestacional [OR:3,58 IC: 1,46-8,77] e trabalho materno [OR:0,38, IC: 0,18-0,80]. Faz-se necessário a implementação de programas mais eficazes para aconselhamento das famílias, reforçando a importância do aleitamento materno e a inclusão correta da alimentação complementar.

Published
2022
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13. IgG4-related autoimmune liver disease

Author

Federica Pedica, Gabriele Capurso, Emanuel Della Torre, Diego Palumbo, Capurso, G, Pedica, F, Palumbo, D, and DELLA TORRE, E

Subjects
Cirrhosis, integumentary system, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, fungi, Gastroenterology, Autoimmune hepatitis, Disease, medicine.disease, Acquired immune system, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Bile duct cancer, Maintenance therapy, Biliary tract, parasitic diseases, Immunology, Internal Medicine, Medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract

The term IgG4-related autoimmune liver disease (AILD) refers to hepato-biliary manifestations of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) including IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-related pseudotumors. The association of some forms of autoimmune hepatitis to IgG4-RD remains controversial. Although autoimmune phenomena have not been clearly observed in IgG4-AILD, perturbation of the adaptive immune system and activation of the humoral response represent established pathophysiological hallmarks and potential therapeutic targets. Clinical manifestations of IgG4-AILD are virtually indistinguishable from bile duct cancer or primary sclerosing cholangitis, and are due to mass forming lesions and thickening of the biliary tract that progressively lead to biliary ducts obstruction. There are no current reliable biomarkers for IgG4-AILD and diagnosis should rely on the integration of clinical, serological, radiological, and histological findings. In analogy to most IgG4-RD manifestations, and in contrast to its major mimickers, IgG4-AILD promptly responds to glucocorticoids but frequently relapses, thus requiring long-term maintenance therapy to avoid progressive fibrosclerotic disease and liver cirrhosis. Accumulating evidence on the efficacy of B-cell depletion therapy in patients with systemic IgG4-RD is gradually changing the treatment paradigm of IgG4-AILD and biologics will be increasingly used also for gastroenterological manifestations of IgG4-RD to spare glucocorticoids and traditional immunosuppressive agents. Looking ahead, identification of reliable biomarkers and of miniinvasive strategies to obtain informative biopsies from the biliary tree represent unavoidable priorities to optimize diagnosis and management of IgG4-AILD.

Published
2023
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14. Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author

Aguilar, M., Cavasonza, L. Ali, Battiston, R., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Behlmann, M., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Belyaev, N., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Berdugo, J., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Bertucci, B., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Bindi, V., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Bollweg, K., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Bolster, J., Schael, S., von Dratzig, A. Schultz, Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Borgia, B., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Boschini, M. J., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Ambrosi, G., Bourquin, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Bueno, E. F., Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Burger, J., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Burger, W. J., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Burmeister, S., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Arruda, L., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Attig, N., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Bagwell, C., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Barao, F., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Barrin, L., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Bartoloni, A., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, solar modulation, ddc:530, cosmic rays electron
Abstract

We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×108 electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.

Published
2023
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15. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Cosmic rays
Abstract

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 × 106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

Published
2023

16. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation as the ceiling of treatment in patients with COVID-19

Author

Giuseppe A, Ramirez, Enrica P, Bozzolo, Agnese, Gobbi, Elena, Castelli, Clarissa, Centurioni, Mattia, DI Meo, Emanuel, Della Torre, Flavia, DI Scala, Anna, Morgillo, Alessandro, Marinosci, Martina, Miglio, Paolo, Scarpellini, Chiara, Tassan Din, Barbara, Castiglioni, Chiara, Oltolini, Marco, Ripa, Gaetano, DI Terlizzi, Valentina, DA Prat, Sarah, Damanti, Raffaella, Scotti, Giuseppe, DI Lucca, Martina, Baiardo Redaelli, Valentina P, Plumari, Elena, Moizo, Francesco, Carcó, Paolo, Silvani, Francesco, DE Cobelli, Giovanni, Landoni, Moreno, Tresoldi, Mona-Rita, Yacoub, Ramirez, Giuseppe A, Bozzolo, Enrica P, Gobbi, Agnese, Castelli, Elena, Centurioni, Clarissa, DI Meo, Mattia, Della Torre, Emanuel, DI Scala, Flavia, Morgillo, Anna, Marinosci, Alessandro, Miglio, Martina, Scarpellini, Paolo, Tassan Din, Chiara, Castiglioni, Barbara, Oltolini, Chiara, Ripa, Marco, DI Terlizzi, Gaetano, DA Prat, Valentina, Damanti, Sarah, Scotti, Raffaella, DI Lucca, Giuseppe, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Plumari, Valentina P, Moizo, Elena, Carcó, Francesco, Silvani, Paolo, DE Cobelli, Francesco, Landoni, Giovanni, and Tresoldi, Moreno

Subjects
Mechanical ventilation, ARDS, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Vital signs, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Cohort, Emergency medicine, medicine, Intubation, Continuous positive airway pressure, business
Abstract

Background: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is effective for symptom relief and respiratory support in patients with respiratory insufficiency, severe comorbidities and no indication to intubation. Experience with NIV as the ceiling of treatment in severely compromised novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients is lacking. Methods: We evaluated 159 patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), 38 of whom with NIV as the ceiling of treatment, admitted to an ordinary ward and treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and respiratory physiotherapy. Treatment failure and death were correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters in the whole cohort and in patients with NIV as the ceiling of treatment. Results: Patients who had NIV as the ceiling of treatment were elderly, with a low BMI and a high burden of comorbidities, showed clinical and laboratory signs of multi-organ insufficiency on admission and of rapidly deteriorating vital signs during the first week of treatment. NIV failure occurred overall in 77 (48%) patients, and 27/38 patients with NIV as the ceiling of treatment died. Congestive heart failure, chronic benign haematological diseases and inability/refusal to receive respiratory physiotherapy were independently associated to NIV failure and mortality. Need for increased positive end-expiratory pressures and low platelets were associated with NIV failure. Death was associated to cerebrovascular disease, need for CPAP cycles longer than 12h and, in the subgroup of patients with NIV as the ceiling of treatment, was heralded by vital sign deterioration within 48 h. Conclusions: NIV and physiotherapy are a viable treatment option for patients with severe COVID-19 and severe comorbidities.

Published
2022
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17. Uma reflexão bioética sobre a perspectiva de acadêmicos de medicina sobre abortamento e descriminalização

Author

Romana Suely Della Torre Marzarotto, Letícia Yabushita Rigoti, Mariane Okamoto Ferreira, Caio Eduardo Alves de Oliveira Paes Leme Goulart, and Carlos Frederico de Almeida Rodrigues

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

O abortamento é definido, pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, como a interrupção da gravidez antes da viabilidade fetal. Apesar de uma definição clara, o abortamento ou aborto aparece como uma questão de relevância bioética com diversas controvérsias muito discutida na “bioética de situações persistentes”. Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar a opinião de acadêmicos de medicina de universidades públicas e privadas a respeito do abortamento, descriminalização e dos deveres do médico diante de uma situação de aborto provocado. Foram incluídas nesta pesquisa respostas de acadêmicos de Medicina (n=110) a questionário estruturado autoaplicado a respeito da descriminalização do abortamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos alunos (89%) é favorável à descriminalização do aborto em várias situações, incluindo casos em que a lei brasileira ainda não permite o abortamento, como em caso de malformações compatíveis com a vida e alterações cromossômicas. Além disso, os alunos defendem que os principais responsáveis pela decisão sobre a realização do aborto sejam os dois progenitores. Discussões a respeito das implicações bioéticas do aborto e os direitos e deveres do médico nesse contexto são fundamentais, haja vista a ignorância que ainda existe sobre esse assunto.

Published
2022
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18. Kierkegaard’s Strong Anti-Rationalism: Offense as a Propaedeutic to Faith

Author

Ryan Kemp and Frank Della Torre

Subjects
Philosophy
Abstract

In a now classic paper, Karen Carr argues that Kierkegaard is a religious “anti-rationalist”: He holds that reason and religious truth exist in necessary tension with one another. Carr maintains that this antagonism is not a matter of the logical incoherence of Christianity, but rather the fact that genuine submission to Christ precludes approaching him through demonstration. In this essay, we argue that while Kierkegaard is in fact an anti-rationalist, the literature has failed to appreciate the full strength of his position. It is not just that reason and obedience are in tension; rather, Kierkegaard holds the stronger view that reason is actively offended by Christianity’s primary claims. Not only is reason incapable of generating any positive evidence for the truth of Christianity, more radically, it provides evidence against it. In order to make this case, we offer a close reading of Practice in Christianity, developing a typology of Kierkegaard’s account of Christ’s “offense.” Finally, having motivated Kierkegaard’s strong anti-rationalism, we consider why, on his account, anyone would want to be a Christian.

Published
2022
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19. Praguicidas em águas subterrâneas do Sistema Aquífero Guarani em uma área de monocultura de cana-de-açúcar

Author

Cassio Freire Beda, Brisa Maria Fregonesi, Carolina Sampaio Machado, Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui, Gabriel Pinheiro Machado, Thais Vilela Silva, Guilherme Carnio Della Torre, Danilo Vitorino dos Santos, Bruno Spinosa Martinis, Cristina Filomêna Pereira Rosa Paschoalato, and Susana Segura Muñoz

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

O Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG) é um dos maiores reservatórios de água subterrânea do Brasil e do mundo, que abastece integralmente o município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar de maneira simultânea, praguicidas de uso canavieiro em amostras de água de áreas de recarga do SAG. Foram analisadas amostras de 11 poços durante as estações chuvosa e seca. No período chuvoso foram detectados traços de metribuzin, molécula caracterizada por alta solubilidade em água e baixa retenção na matéria orgânica. No período de seca foram detectadas as moléculas diazinona e fenitrotiona, possíveis interferentes que podem estar sendo usados nos cultivos do município. Os resultados demonstram que as águas do SAG no município de Ribeirão Preto estão sendo contaminadas por praguicidas. Apesar das concentrações estarem abaixo dos limites determinados pela Portaria nº 888 do Ministério da Saúde (2021), os achados do presente estudo indicam que o monitoramento da qualidade das águas em áreas de recarga do SAG deve ser contínuo, para verificar possíveis riscos à saúde da população abastecida.

Published
2022
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23. Spectra of Cosmic Ray Fluorine, Sodium and Aluminum and the Hints of Low-energy Excesses

Author

Masi N., Boschini M. J., Della Torre S., Gervasi M., Grandi D., Jóhannesson G., La Vacca G., Moskalenko I. V., Pensotti S., Porter T. A., Quadrani L., Rancoita P. G., Rozza D., Tacconi M., Masi, N, Boschini, M, Della Torre, S, Gervasi, M, Grandi, D, Jóhannesson, G, La Vacca, G, Moskalenko, I, Pensotti, S, Porter, T, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rozza, D, and Tacconi, M

Subjects
FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, cosmic rays
Abstract

Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. Some of the most recent AMS-02 results are the measurements of the spectra of CR fluorine, sodium and aluminum up to 2 TV. Given their low solar system abundances, a significant fraction of each element is produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Using AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data, our calculations within the GALPROP-HELMOD framework provided updated local interstellar spectra (LIS) for these species, in the rigidity range from few MV to few TV. While the sodium spectrum agrees well with the predictions, fluorine and aluminum LIS show excesses below 10 GV, hinting at primary components. In this context, the origin of other previously found excesses in Li and Fe is discussed. The observed excesses in Li, F, and Al appear to be consistent with the local Wolf-Rayet stars hypothesis, invoked to reproduce anomalous 22Ne/20Ne, 12C/16O, and 58Fe/56Fe ratios in CRs, while excess in Fe is likely connected with a past supernovae activity in the solar neighborhood.

Published
2022
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24. The holy family: Neoliberalism and neoconservatism in the current far-right: Interview with Melinda Cooper

Author

Bruna Della Torre and Melinda Cooper

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Anthropology
Abstract

Interview with Melinda Cooper about her 2017 book Family Values: Between Neoliberalism and the New Social Conservatism. The interview addresses neoliberal gender politics, Cooper’s critique of the separation between politics of “distribution” and “recognition,” contemporary politics in America and the question of reproductive labor.

Published
2022
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26. Unraveling the relationship between autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 and inflammatory bowel disease: Results from two centers and systematic review of the literature

Author

Sara Nikolic, Marco Lanzillotta, Nikola Panic, Torkel B. Brismar, Carlos Fernández Moro, Gabriele Capurso, Emanuel Della Torre, J.‐Matthias Löhr, and Miroslav Vujasinovic

Subjects
Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Autoimmune Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pancreatitis, Oncology, Recurrence, Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Disease Progression, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Female, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The relationship between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 2 and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been established and previously described within International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria. However, it is unknown if the presence of IBD changes the natural disease course of AIP type 2. Our aim was to investigate the association between AIP type 2 and IBD as well as to systematically summarize all the existing evidence in the literature.Electronic medical record analysis was conducted in two centers (in Stockholm, Sweden, and Milan, Italy; records dated between January 2001 and June 2021). Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature.A total of 35 patients (18 females, 51.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of AIP type 2 and were included in the study. A diagnosis of IBD was established in 29 patients (82.8%), ulcerative colitis in 17 (58.6%) and Crohn's disease in 11 (37.9%). Median follow-up was 54 months. AIP patients with IBD commonly presented with abdominal pain and/or acute pancreatitis at diagnosis, the latter was prevailing in concomitant and later IBD onset. These patients more frequently used steroids, but there were no differences in relapse rates. Concomitant onset of IBD was associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. There were no cases of colon or pancreatic malignancy during follow-up. In our systematic analysis, a total of 693 AIP type 2 patients were included from 24 single-center retrospective studies and 8 multicenter retrospective studies. A diagnosis of IBD was reported in 330 (47.8%) patients. Relapse rate was 20.0%.Clinical and radiological remission of AIP type 2 was high, while the cumulative incidence of relapse is around 20%. Our results show that concomitance of IBD imposes no obvious risk of a different disease course for AIP type 2.

Published
2022
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27. First evidence of pyrethroid resistance in Italian populations of West Nile virus vector <scp> Culex pipiens </scp>

Author

Verena Pichler, Carola Giammarioli, Romeo Bellini, Rodolfo Veronesi, Daniele Arnoldi, Annapaola Rizzoli, Riccardo Paolo Lia, Domenico Otranto, Marco Ballardini, Pietro Cobre, Paola Serini, Alessandra della Torre, and Beniamino Caputo

Subjects
Insecticides, General Veterinary, culex pipiens, europe, insecticide resistance, pest management, vector control, Mosquito Vectors, Culex, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, Italy, Insect Science, Pyrethrins, Animals, Parasitology, West Nile virus, Permethrin, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Culex pipiens (Linnaeus), one of the most abundant mosquito species in Europe, plays a crucial role in the endemic transmission of West Nile virus and caused the large outbreak with1600 human cases in 2018. Although evidence of resistance to pyrethroids has been reported for Cx. pipiens populations from Spain and Greece, resistance monitoring has been largely neglected in Italy. Herein, we investigate susceptibility of Italian Cx. pipiens populations to the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin. Results from WHO-tube-bioassays revealed mortalities ranging from 14-54%, indicating high levels of resistance, in four out of 10 populations exposed to permethrin (0.75%) and of 63% in one of three populations exposed to deltamethrin (0.05%). Reduced susceptibility (mortality98%) was detected in almost all other populations. A clear association is shown between the resistant phenotype and the presence of kdr-alleles in position 1014 of the VSSC, strongly suggesting its role in reducing susceptibility. The study provides the first evidence of pyrethroid-resistance in Italian Cx. pipiens populations and reports levels of resistance paralleled in the European region only in Turkey. This highlights the urgent need to implement insecticide-resistance management plans to restore the efficacy of the nowadays only chemical weapon available to control arbovirus transmission in Europe.

Published
2022
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28. A bacterium against the tiger: further evidence of the potential of noninundative releases of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection in reducing fertility of Aedes albopictus field populations in Italy

Author

Beniamino Caputo, Riccardo Moretti, Chiara Virgillito, Mattia Manica, Elena Lampazzi, Giulia Lombardi, Paola Serini, Verena Pichler, Nigel W. Beebe, Alessandra della Torre, and Maurizio Calvitti

Subjects
Insect Science, General Medicine, Agronomy and Crop Science
Published
2023
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30. Analysis and Optimization of Metallic Based Substrates for After-Treatment System by Means of Full-Scale CFD Simulations and Experiments

Author

Andrea Sartirana, Gianluca Montenegro, Augusto Della Torre, Angelo Onorati, Lorenzo Pace, and Naroa Zaldua-Moreno

Abstract

The tightening trend of regulations on the levels of admitted pollutant emissions has given a great spur to the research work in the field of combustion and after-treatment devices. Despite the improvements that can be applied to the development of the combustion process, pollutant emissions cannot be reduced to zero; for this reason, the aftertreatment system will become a key component in the path to achieving near-zero emission levels.This study focuses on the numerical analysis and optimization of different metallic substrates, specifically developed for three-way catalyst (TWC) and Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) applications, to improve their thermal efficiency by reducing radial thermal losses through the outer mantle. The optimization process relies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations supported by experimental measurements to validate the numerical models carried out under uncoated conditions, where chemical reactions do not occur. Full-scale three-dimensional, multi-region models precisely describe the flow and temperature distributions allowing the evaluation of heat fluxes with the surrounding environment.A test cycle was designed to replicate the typical warm-up of a catalyst followed by a drop in the gas temperature and then a drop in the mass flow, replicating the engine switch-off condition.Different canning solutions and insulation strategies were considered at both numerical and experimental levels, and the results were compared. This allowed the validation of the numerical approach and identification of the best solution in terms of heat loss reduction and response time to heat up.

Published
2023
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31. CFD Assessment of an After-Treatment System Equipped with Electrical Heating for the Reduction of the Catalyst Light-Off Time

Author

Loris Barillari, Augusto Della Torre, Gianluca Montenegro, Angelo Onorati, Vincenzo Rossi, Stefano Paltrinieri, and Fabrizio Gullino

Abstract

The reduction of the catalyst light-off time at the engine cold start represents a key factor for the pollutant emissions control from vehicles tested on homologation cycles and real drive conditions. The adoption of heating strategies to increase the temperature of the catalytic substrate in the early phase of the engine start is regarded as a promising solution. The present study focuses on the application of electrical heated catalyst (EHC) in an after-treatment line for a spark-ignition gasoline engine. The analysis is carried out by means of an advanced CFD framework, which includes the modeling of catalytic reactions in the substrates and accounts for the thermal evolution of all the components included in the after-treatment system. In this work the model has been extended with: a) the solution of the electrical circuit of the EHC to provide an accurate description of the non-uniform temperature distribution of the coils heated by Joule effect and b) a specific model for the radiative heat transfer from the porous EHC, which plays a significant role in the thermal balance of the device. The simulation model is validated considering an experimental test configuration, suitably instrumented to provide temperature measurements at different locations under different operating conditions. Then, a complete exhaust line has been simulated, analyzing the thermal transient of the catalytic substrate during the different phases of the EHC activation. The reaction light-off in the catalyst is monitored, assessing the benefits in terms of reduction of the overall emissions with respect to the base case.

Published
2023
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33. The interplay between malaria vectors and human activity accounts for high residual malaria transmission in a Burkina Faso village with universal ITN coverage

Author

Eleonora Perugini, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Federica Guglielmo, Cristiana Poggi, Eugenio Gabrieli, Hilary Ranson, Alessandra della Torre, and Marco Pombi

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Parasitology
Abstract

Background Mosquito and human behaviour interaction is a key determinant of the maximum level of protection against malaria that can be provided by insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Nevertheless, scant literature focuses on this interaction, overlooking a fundamental factor for efficient malaria control. This study aims to estimate malaria transmission risk in a Burkina Faso village by integrating vector biting rhythms with some key information about human habits. Methods Indoor/outdoor human landing catches were conducted for 16 h (16:00–08:00) during 8 nights (September 2020) in Goden village. A survey about net usage and sleeping patterns was submitted to half the households (October–December 2020). A subsample of collected specimens of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was molecularly processed for species identification, Plasmodium detection from heads-thoraxes and L1014F pyrethroid-resistance allele genotyping. Hourly mosquito abundance was statistically assessed by GLM/GAM, and the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was corrected for the actual ITN usage retrieved from the questionnaire. Results Malaria transmission was mainly driven by Anopheles coluzzii (68.7%) followed by A. arabiensis (26.2%). The overall sporozoite rate was 2% with L1014F estimated frequency of 0.68 (N = 1070 out of 15,201 A. gambiae s.l. collected). No major shift in mosquito biting rhythms in response to ITN or differences between indoor and outdoor catches were detected. Impressive high biting pressure (mean 30.3 mosquitoes/person/hour) was exerted from 20:00 to 06:00 with a peak at 4:00. Human survey revealed that nearly all inhabitants were awake before 20:00 and after 7:00 and at least 8.7% had no access to bednets. Adjusting for anthropological data, the EIR dropped from 6.7 to 1.2 infective bites/person/16 h. In a scenario of full net coverage and accounting only for the human sleeping patterns, the daily malaria transmission risk not targetable by ITNs was 0.69 infective bites. Conclusions The high mosquito densities and interplay between human/vector activities means that an estimated 10% of residual malaria transmission cannot be prevented by ITNs in the village. Locally tailored studies, like the current one, are essential to explore the heterogeneity of human exposure to infective bites and, consequently, to instruct the adoption of new vector control tools strengthening individual and community protection. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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34. An unusual case of pleural effusion

Author

Alice Della Torre, Pietro Di Francesco, Gaia Annalisa Montanelli, Matteo Bolis, Agnese Comelli, Maurizio Ferrarese, Giorgio Alberto Croci, and Eleonora Tobaldini

Subjects
Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine
Published
2023
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36. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV

Author

Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, Leila, Behlmann, M., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, J. Q., Li, Manbing, Li, Q., Li, Sichen, Beranek, B., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Light, C., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Liu, Z., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Berdugo, J., Lübelsmeyer, Klaus, Luo, J. Z., Luo, Xi, Machate, Fabian, Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Bertucci, B., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, Nikolay, Bindi, V., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Phan, H. D., Bollweg, K., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Conde, A. Reina, Robyn, E., Borgia, B., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, Stefan, Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, Georg, Seo, E. S., Shakfa, Z., Shan, B. S., Boschini, M. J., Siedenburg, Thorsten, Solano, C., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, Robin, Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Bourquin, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Bueno, E. F., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Ambrosi, G., Burger, J., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Burger, W. J., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yi, H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Burmeister, S., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, Valery, Zichichi, A., Cai, X. D., Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration, Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Arruda, L., Chen, G. R., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, Sofia, Choutko, V., Chung, Chan Hoon, Clark, C., Coignet, G., Attig, N., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Barao, F., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Barrin, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Freeman, C., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, Henning, Gervasi, M., Bartoloni, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Battiston, R., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Thomas, Konyushikhin, M., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AMS, Aguilar, M, Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basegmez-Du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Behlmann, M, Beranek, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Burmeister, S, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Diaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Freeman, C, Gamez, C, Garcia-Lopez, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gomez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagoz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Konyushikhin, M, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Light, C, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Liu, Z, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mana, C, Marin, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Phan, H, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Conde, A, Robyn, E, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shakfa, Z, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Solano, C, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar M., Cavasonza L.A., Ambrosi G., Arruda L., Attig N., Barao F., Barrin L., Bartoloni A., Basegmez-Du Pree S., Battiston R., Behlmann M., Beranek B., Berdugo J., Bertucci B., Bindi V., Bollweg K., Borgia B., Boschini M.J., Bourquin M., Bueno E.F., Burger J., Burger W.J., Burmeister S., Cai X.D., Capell M., Casaus J., Castellini G., Cervelli F., Chang Y.H., Chen G.M., Chen G.R., Chen H.S., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chou H.Y., Chouridou S., Choutko V., Chung C.H., Clark C., Coignet G., Consolandi C., Contin A., Corti C., Cui Z., Dadzie K., Dass A., Delgado C., Della Torre S., Demirkoz M.B., Derome L., Di Falco S., Di Felice V., Diaz C., Dimiccoli F., Von Doetinchem P., Dong F., Donnini F., Duranti M., Egorov A., Eline A., Feng J., Fiandrini E., Fisher P., Formato V., Freeman C., Gamez C., Garcia-Lopez R.J., Gargiulo C., Gast H., Gervasi M., Giovacchini F., Gomez-Coral D.M., Gong J., Goy C., Grabski V., Grandi D., Graziani M., Haino S., Han K.C., Hashmani R.K., He Z.H., Heber B., Hsieh T.H., Hu J.Y., Incagli M., Jang W.Y., Jia Y., Jinchi H., Karagoz G., Khiali B., Kim G.N., Kirn T., Konyushikhin M., Kounina O., Kounine A., Koutsenko V., Krasnopevtsev D., Kuhlman A., Kulemzin A., La Vacca G., Laudi E., Laurenti G., Lazzizzera I., Lebedev A., Lee H.T., Lee S.C., Li J.Q., Li M., Li Q., Li S., Li J.H., Li Z.H., Liang J., Light C., Lin C.H., Lippert T., Liu J.H., Liu Z., Lu S.Q., Lu Y.S., Luebelsmeyer K., Luo J.Z., Luo X., Machate F., Mana C., Marin J., Marquardt J., Martin T., Martinez G., Masi N., Maurin D., Medvedeva T., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meng Q., Mikhailov V.V., Molero M., Mott P., Mussolin L., Negrete J., Nikonov N., Nozzoli F., Oliva A., Orcinha M., Palermo M., Palmonari F., Paniccia M., Pashnin A., Pauluzzi M., Pensotti S., Phan H.D., Plyaskin V., Pohl M., Poluianov S., Qin X., Qu Z.Y., Quadrani L., Rancoita P.G., Rapin D., Conde A.R., Robyn E., Rosier-Lees S., Rozhkov A., Rozza D., Sagdeev R., Schael S., Von Dratzig A.S., Schwering G., Seo E.S., Shakfa Z., Shan B.S., Siedenburg T., Solano C., Song J.W., Song X.J., Sonnabend R., Strigari L., Su T., Sun Q., Sun Z.T., Tacconi M., Tang X.W., Tang Z.C., Tian J., Ting S.C.C., Ting S.M., Tomassetti N., Torsti J., Urban T., Usoskin I., Vagelli V., Vainio R., Valencia-Otero M., Valente E., Valtonen E., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Velasco M., Vialle J.P., Wang C.X., Wang L., Wang L.Q., Wang N.H., Wang Q.L., Wang S., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Z.M., Wei J., Weng Z.L., Wu H., Xiong R.Q., Xu W., Yan Q., Yang Y., Yashin I.I., Yi H., Yu Y.M., Yu Z.Q., Zannoni M., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang F.Z., Zhang J.H., Zhang Z., Zhao F., Zheng C., Zheng Z.M., Zhuang H.L., Zhukov V., Zichichi A., Zuccon P., Astronomy, Bourquin, Maurice, Chen, Yao, Liu, Zhen, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Robyn, Erwan, and Wei, Jiahui

Subjects
flux [p], Astrophysics and Astronomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, satellite, helium: flux, General Physics and Astronomy, density [p], magnetic field, ddc:500.2, flux [helium], p: density, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], time-of-flight, Cosmic ray acceleration, Daily Proton Fluxe, 01 natural sciences, rotation, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Cosmology & Astrophysics, AMS-02, PAMELA, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic ray acceleration, Cosmic ray composition & spectra, Cosmic ray propagation, Cosmic ray sources, Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, precision measurement, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], COSMIC RAYS, Cosmic ray sources, Space stations, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic ray, p: flux, solar, Cosmology, flux, cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray propagation, COSMIC RAYS, MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER, SOLAR MODULATION, SOLAR MODULATION, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravitation
Abstract

Physical review letters 127(27), 271102 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.271102, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
2021
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38. Tensor-to-scalar ratio forecasts for extended LiteBIRD frequency configurations

Author

Fuskeland, U., Aumont, J., Aurlien, R., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Eriksen, H. K., Errard, J., Génova-Santos, R. T., Hasebe, T., Hubmayr, J., Imada, H., Krachmalnicoff, N., Lamagna, L., Pisano, G., Poletti, D., Remazeilles, M., Thompson, K. L., Vacher, L., Wehus, I. K., Azzoni, S., Ballardini, M., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basyrov, A., Beck, D., Bersanelli, M., Bortolami, M., Brilenkov, M., Calabrese, E., Carones, A., Casas, F. J., Cheung, K., Chluba, J., Clark, S. E., Clermont, L., Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., D'Alessandro, G., de Bernardis, P., de Haan, T., de la Hoz, E., De Petris, M., Della Torre, S., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Finelli, F., Franceschet, C., Galloni, G., Galloway, M., Gerbino, M., Gervasi, M., Ghigna, T., Giardiello, S., Gjerløw, E., Gruppuso, A., Hargrave, P., Hattori, M., Hazumi, M., Hergt, L. T., Herman, D., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Hoang, T. D., Kohri, K., Lattanzi, M., Lee, A. T., Leloup, C., Levrier, F., Lonappan, A. I., Luzzi, G., Maffei, B., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matsumura, T., Migliaccio, M., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mot, B., Mousset, L., Nagata, R., Namikawa, T., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nerval, S., Novelli, A., Pagano, L., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Pascual-Cisneros, G., Patanchon, G., Pelgrims, V., Piacentini, F., Piccirilli, G., Polenta, G., Puglisi, G., Raffuzzi, N., Ritacco, A., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Savini, G., Scott, D., Sekimoto, Y., Shiraishi, M., Signorelli, G., Stever, S. L., Stutzer, N., Sullivan, R. M., Takakura, H., Terenzi, L., Thommesen, H., Tristram, M., Tsuji, M., Vielva, P., Weller, J., Westbrook, B., Weymann-Despres, G., Wollack, E. J., Zannoni, M., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LiteBIRD

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a planned JAXA-led CMB B-mode satellite experiment aiming for launch in the late 2020s, with a primary goal of detecting the imprint of primordial inflationary gravitational waves. Its current baseline focal-plane configuration includes 15 frequency bands between 40 and 402 GHz, fulfilling the mission requirements to detect the amplitude of gravitational waves with the total uncertainty on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $\delta r$, down to $\delta r, Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2023

39. Epi-Regulation of Cell Death in Cancer

Author

Antonio, Beato, Della, Torre, Laura, Vincenza, Capone, Daniela, Carannante, Gregorio, Favale, Giulia, Verrilli, Lucia, Altucci, and Vincenzo, Carafa

Abstract

How do organisms regulate the correct balance between the production of “new” cells and the elimination of the “old” ones, remains an important biology issue under investigation. Cell(s) death represents a fundamental process involved in organism development and cell homeostasis, whose alteration is considered one hallmark of cancer and lead to drug resistance and consequently treatment failure. The recent re-classification of cell death has identified new molecular programs in which several proteins have a pivotal role. Several studies have highlighted a direct link between epigenetic modifications and cell death mechanisms. Different epi-modifications have been described, capable of regulating diverse key players implicated in cell death, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Scientific efforts are focused on the understanding the epigenetic regulation of cell death mechanisms by developing tools and/or new epi-molecules able to overcome cell death resistance. The development of new epi-molecular tools can overcome cell death deregulation thus potentially improving the sensitivity to the anti-tumor therapies. This chapter focuses on the main epigenetic deregulations in cell death mechanisms in cancer.

Published
2023
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40. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms which contribute to the survival of the polychaete Platynereis spp. under ocean acidification conditions in the CO2 vent system of Ischia Island (Italy)

Author

Signorini, S. G., Munari, M., Cannavacciuolo, A., Nannini, M., Dolfini, D., Chiarore, A., Fare, F., Fontana, M., Caruso, D., Gambi, M. C., and Della Torre, C.

Subjects
CO2 vents, Global and Planetary Change, histone modifications, polychaetes, Mediterranean Sea, ocean acidification, Ocean Engineering, adaptation, metabolomics, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

The continuous increase of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities is one of the most important factors that contribute to Climate Change and generates the phenomenon known as Ocean Acidification (OA). Research conducted at the CO2 vents of Castello Aragonese (Ischia, Italy), which represents a natural laboratory for the study of OA, demonstrated that some organisms, such as polychaetes, thrive under acidified conditions through different adaptation mechanisms. Some functional and ecological traits promoting tolerance to acidification in these organisms have been identified, while the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying acclimatisation or genetic adaptation are still largely unknown. Therefore, in this study we investigated epigenetic traits, as histone acetylation and methylation, in Platynereis spp. individuals coming from the Castello vent, and from a nearby control site, in two different periods of the year (November-June). Untargeted metabolomics analysis was also carried out in specimens from the two sites. We found a different profile of acetylation of H2B histone in the control site compared to the vent as a function of the sampling period. Metabolomic analysis showed clear separation in the pattern of metabolites in polychaetes from the control site with respect to those from the Castello vent. Specifically, a significant reduction of lipid/sterols and nucleosides was measured in polychaetes from the vent. Overall results contribute to better understand the potential metabolic pathways involved in the tolerance to OA.

Published
2023
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45. Additional file 2 of The interplay between malaria vectors and human activity accounts for high residual malaria transmission in a Burkina Faso village with universal ITN coverage

Author

Perugini, Eleonora, Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M., Guglielmo, Federica, Poggi, Cristiana, Gabrieli, Eugenio, Ranson, Hilary, della Torre, Alessandra, and Pombi, Marco

Abstract

Additional file 2: S2. a. GLM output. b. Species abundances according to date and position of sampling.

Published
2023
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46. Additional file 3 of The interplay between malaria vectors and human activity accounts for high residual malaria transmission in a Burkina Faso village with universal ITN coverage

Author

Perugini, Eleonora, Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M., Guglielmo, Federica, Poggi, Cristiana, Gabrieli, Eugenio, Ranson, Hilary, della Torre, Alessandra, and Pombi, Marco

Abstract

Additional file 3: S3. a. GAM output. b. GAM predicted coefficients of A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis hourly abundances.

Published
2023
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47. IgG4-Related Disease

Author

Mitsuhiro Kawano, Yoh Zen, Takako Saeki, Lingli Dong, Wen Zhang, Emanuel Della-Torre, Philip A. Hart, Judith A. Ferry, and John H. Stone

Published
2023
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48. Algoritmi di facial recognition e procedimento penale italiano

Author

Della Torre, Jacopo

Subjects
divieto, diritti fondamentali, prova atipica, Intelligenza artificiale, riconoscimento facciale
Abstract

Il presente lavoro si sofferma sulle problematiche derivanti dall’impiego dei software di riconoscimento facciale nell’ambito della giustizia penale italiana. Sebbene siffatte tecnologie siano, oramai, diffuse, la (scarna) disciplina dettata finora in materia dal legislatore interno ha acuito il pericolo che le stesse, da strumenti utili in termini di efficienza, si trasformino in autentiche “trappole” per i diritti fondamentali dell’individuo.

Published
2023

49. Treating COVID-19 with colchicine in community healthcare setting

Author

Moreno Tresoldi, Fabrizio Della-Torre, Marija Kusanovic, Lorenzo Dagna, Raffaella Scotti, Emanuel Della-Torre, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Della-Torre, E., Della-Torre, F., Kusanovic, M., Scotti, R., Ramirez, G. -A., Dagna, L., and Tresoldi, M.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Time Factors, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Fever, Inflammasomes, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, Immunology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Gene Expression, Community, Azithromycin, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Article, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Betacoronavirus, Pandemic, Colchicine, Medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Community Health Services, Pandemics, Acetaminophen, Inflammation, biology, business.industry, Interleukin-6, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Immunity, Innate, Intensive Care Units, chemistry, Italy, business, Coronavirus Infections, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Interleukin-1
Published
2020
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50. Secondary infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: incidence and predictive factors

Author

Raffaele Li Voti, Massimo Clementi, Barbara Castiglioni, Maria Grazia Calabrò, Alberto Zangrillo, Hamid Hasson, Valentina Da Prat, Anna Danise, Ludovica Cavallo, Valentina Canti, Chiara Molinari, Alba Bigoloni, Antonio Dell'Acqua, Giovanni Landoni, Raffaele Dell’Acqua, Francesca Lalla, Patrizia Rovere Querini, Simona Bossolasco, Adriano Lazzarin, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Alessandro Patrizi, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Paola Cinque, Jacopo Castellani, Paolo Scarpellini, Marica Ferrante, Marco Ripa, Giacomo Monti, Caterina Uberti-Foppa, Emanuel Della Torre, Antonella Castagna, Giorgia Borio, Martina Ranzenigo, Federico Seghi, Bruno Germinario, Giorgia Bigai, Giacomo De Luca, Corrado Campochiaro, Giulio Cavalli, Giulia Morsica, Liviana Della Torre, Marta Cilla, Gabriele Gallina, Fabio Ciceri, Gaetano Di Terlizzi, Nicola Gianotti, Maria Pascali, Silvia Nozza, Marina Pieri, Giuseppe Tambussi, Andrea Andolina, Caterina Conte, Federica Farolfi, Luca Fumagalli, Andrea Poli, Elena Cinel, Monica Guffanti, Moreno Tresoldi, Camilla Muccini, Lorenzo Dagna, Chiara Oltolini, Marco Montagna, Dario Prestifilippo, Concetta Vinci, Emanuela Messina, Diana Canetti, Elena Bruzzesi, Laura Galli, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Jacopo Sapienza, Iulia Dumea, Elena Moizo, Matteo Chiurlo, Chiara Tassan Din, Stefania Calvisi, Stefano Turi, Massimo Cernuschi, Marco Lanzillotta, Antonella Poloniato, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Claudia Frangi, Andrea Mastrangelo, Ripa, M., Galli, L., Poli, A., Oltolini, C., Spagnuolo, V., Mastrangelo, A., Muccini, C., Monti, G., De Luca, G., Landoni, G., Dagna, L., Clementi, M., Rovere Querini, P., Ciceri, F., Tresoldi, M., Lazzarin, A., Zangrillo, A., Scarpellini, P., Castagna, A., Andolina, A., Redaelli, M. B., Bigai, G., Bigoloni, A., Borio, G., Bossolasco, S., Bruzzesi, E., Calabro, M. G., Calvisi, S., Campochiaro, C., Canetti, D., Canti, V., Castellani, J., Castiglioni, B., Cavalli, G., Cavallo, L., Cernuschi, M., Chiurlo, M., Cilla, M., Cinel, E., Cinque, P., Conte, C., Da Prat, V., Danise, A., De Lorenzo, R., Dell'Acqua, A., Dell'Acqua, R., Della Torre, E., Della Torre, L., Di Terlizzi, G., Dumea, I., Farolfi, F., Ferrante, M., Frangi, C., Fumagalli, L., Gallina, G., Germinario, B., Gianotti, N., Guffanti, M., Hasson, H., Lalla, F., Lanzillotta, M., Li Voti, R., Messina, E., Molinari, C., Moizo, E., Montagna, M., Morsica, G., Nozza, S., Pascali, M., Patrizi, A., Pieri, M., Poloniato, A., Prestifilippo, D., Ramirez, G., Ranzenigo, M., Sapienza, J., Seghi, F., Tambussi, G., Tassan Din, C., Turi, S., Uberti-Foppa, C., and Vinci, C.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Secondary infection, 030106 microbiology, Aspergillosis, Cohort Studies, Fungal infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bacterial infections, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Sepsis, Medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Secondary infections, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, Respiratory tract infections, biology, business.industry, Coinfection, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, COVID-19, General Medicine, Acinetobacter, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Lower respiratory tract infections, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory failure, Italy, Original Article, Female, Bloodstream infections, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives The aim of our study was to describe the incidence and predictive factors of secondary infections in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This was a cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital between 25th February and 6th April 2020 (NCT04318366). We considered secondary bloodstream infections (BSIs) or possible lower respiratory tract infections (pLRTIs) occurring 48 hours after hospital admission until death or discharge. We calculated multivariable Fine–Gray models to assess factors associated with risk of secondary infections. Results Among 731 patients, a secondary infection was diagnosed in 68 patients (9.3%); 58/731 patients (7.9%) had at least one BSI and 22/731 patients (3.0%) at least one pLRTI. The overall 28-day cumulative incidence was 16.4% (95%CI 12.4–21.0%). Most of the BSIs were due to Gram-positive pathogens (76/106 isolates, 71.7%), specifically coagulase-negative staphylococci (53/76, 69.7%), while among Gram-negatives (23/106, 21.7%) Acinetobacter baumanii (7/23, 30.4%) and Escherichia coli (5/23, 21.7%) predominated. pLRTIs were caused mainly by Gram-negative pathogens (14/26, 53.8%). Eleven patients were diagnosed with putative invasive aspergillosis. At multivariable analysis, factors associated with secondary infections were low baseline lymphocyte count (≤0.7 versus >0.7 per 109/L, subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) 1.93, 95%CI 1.11–3.35), baseline PaO2/FiO2 (per 100 points lower: sdHRs 1.56, 95%CI 1.21–2.04), and intensive-care unit (ICU) admission in the first 48 hours (sdHR 2.51, 95%CI 1.04–6.05). Conclusions Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had a high incidence of secondary infections. At multivariable analysis, early need for ICU, respiratory failure, and severe lymphopenia were identified as risk factors for secondary infections.

Published
2020

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