Search

Benoit Pétré,1 Delphine Kirkove,1 Vincent de Andrade,2 Cyril Crozet,2 Daniela Toro-Arrocet,2 Aurore Margat,2 Rémi Gagnayre2 1Department of Public Health, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium; 2Education and Health Practices Laboratory, UR 3412, UFR Santé Médecine Biologie Humaine, Sorbonne Paris-Nord University, Bobigny, FranceCorrespondence: Benoit PétréDepartment of Public Health, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13 (B23), Liège, 4000, BelgiumTel +32 4 366 2505Email benoit.petre@uliege.beAbstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled public authorities to establish preventive measures involving individual behaviour modification strategies (mask-wearing, social distancing, etc.) with a view to community protection. In this context, documenting people’s behaviour changes, the impact of public health measures, and individuals’ knowledge, motivations, and beliefs – even their perception of how the crisis is being managed – is essential for understanding the experience of the population and adapting the management approach accordingly. This article presents findings and lessons on how to monitor a population’s behaviour during a crisis, obtained by reviewing forty-five surveys conducted in Belgium and France during the first Covid-19 stay-at-home order, from April to May 2020. The central message is to argue that the citizens’ role in this type of survey – and in managing the crisis, more generally – should be reconsidered by thinking of them as true health partners and members of a community that could be mobilised to help.Keywords: pandemic, covid 19, community monitoring, preventive health behavior

Benoit Pétré,1 Remi Gagnayre,2 Vincent De Andrade,2 Olivier Ziegler,3 Michèle Guillaume1 1Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; 2Educations and Health Practices Laboratory (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Bobigny, 3Department of Diabetes, Metabolic diseases and Nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France Abstract: Educative attitude is an essential, if implicit, aspect of training to acquire competency in therapeutic patient education (TPE). With multiple (or nonexistent) definitions in the literature, however, the concept needs clarification. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the representations and transformations experienced by health care professionals in the course of TPE training in order to characterize educative attitude. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using several narrative research-based tools with participants of two TPE continuing education courses. We then performed an inductive thematic analysis. Thirty-three people participated in the study; the majority were women (n=29), nurses (n=17) working in a hospital setting (n=28). Seven categories of statements were identified: time-related (“the right moment, how much time it takes”), the benefits of TPE (to health care professionals’ personal well-being), emotions and feelings (quality of exchanges, sharing), the professional nature of TPE (educational competencies required), the holistic, interdisciplinary approach (complexity of the person and value of teamwork), the educational nature of the care relationship (education an integral part of care) and the ethical dimension (introspection essential). The first three components appear fairly innovative, at least in formulation. The study’s originality rests primarily in its choice of participants – highly motivated novices who expressed themselves in a completely nontheoretical way. Health models see attitude as critical for adopting a behavior. Best TPE practices should encourage personal work on this, opening professionals to the social, experiential and emotional aspects of managing chronic illness. Keywords: therapeutic patient education, attitude of health personnel, competence, professional

BACKGROUND. Hearing children born to deaf parents, or children of deaf adults (CODAs), are often bicultural and bilingual members of the deaf and hearing communities. They are often expected to fulfil very adult roles, especially as the communication link between their deaf parents and the hearing society. Assuming adult roles may place CODAs in difficult situations, potentially affecting their wellbeing and development. In SA, little is known about CODAs and the dynamics of growing up hearing in deaf-parented homes.OBJECTIVE. To reflect on the childhood experiences of language brokering in deaf-parented families.METHODS. Two male and eight female participants (21 - 40 years), identified through purposive and snowball sampling, participated in this study. A phenomenological, qualitative approach was employed using semi-structured, open-ended interviews. Thematic analysis revealed inductive themes.RESULTS. The findings indicate that the interviewed CODAs acted as language brokers and interpreters between their families and the hearing community from a very young age. As children, they were placed in demanding situations, for which they were not developmental^ ready. CODAs found balancing the demands from both communities emotionally draining, especially at a young age.CONCLUSION. A multidisciplinary approach is suggested to address the mental health, wellbeing and development of young CODAs.

©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Olivine and pyroxene-bearing rocks in the oceanic crust react with hydrothermal fluids producing changes in the physical characteristics and behaviors of the altered rocks. Notably, these reactions tend to increase solid volume, reducing pore volume, permeability, and available reactive surface area, yet entirely hydrated and/or carbonated rocks are commonly observed in the field. We investigate the evolution of porosity and permeability of fractured dunites reacted with CO2-rich solutions in laboratory experiments. The alteration of crack surfaces changes the mechanical and transport properties of the bulk samples. Analysis of three-dimensional microstructural data shows that although precipitation of secondary minerals causes the total porosity of the sample to decrease, an interconnected network of porosity is maintained through channelized dissolution and coupled carbonate precipitation. The observed microstructure appears to be the result of chemo-mechanical coupling, which may provide a mechanism of porosity maintenance without the need to invoke reaction-driven cracking.

©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Mineral carbonation, a process that binds CO2in the form of carbonates by silicate weathering, is widespread on the Earth's surface. Because of the abundance of silicate rocks and the permanence of the carbonated solids, sequestering CO2via mineral carbonation has generated lots of interests. However, it is unclear how the fluid-rock reaction proceeds to completion in spite of an increasing solid volume. We conducted a mineral carbonation experiment in which a sintered olivine aggregate reacted with a sodium bicarbonate solution at reservoir conditions. Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray microtomographic images show cracks in polygonal patterns arising in the surface layers and propagating into the interior of the olivine aggregate. The nanotomography data reveal that the incipient cracks intersect at right angles. We infer that stretching due to nonuniform volume expansion generates polygonal cracking of the surfaces. Our data shed new lights on the processes that control hydration and carbonation of peridotite.

The $f(R)$ gravity theories provide an alternative way to explain the current cosmic acceleration without invoking dark energy matter component. However, the freedom in the choice of the functional forms of $f(R)$ gives rise to the problem of how to constrain and break the degeneracy among these gravity theories on theoretical and/or observational grounds. In this paper to proceed further with the investigation on the potentialities, difficulties and limitations of $f(R)$ gravity, we examine the question as to whether the future dynamics can be used to break the degeneracy between $f(R)$ gravity theories by investigating the future dynamics of spatially homogeneous and isotropic dust flat models in two $f(R)$ gravity theories, namely the well known $f(R) = R + \alpha R^{n}$ gravity and another by A. Aviles et al., whose motivation comes from the cosmographic approach to $f(R)$ gravity. To this end we perform a detailed numerical study of the future dynamic of these flat model in these theories taking into account the recent constraints on the cosmological parameters made by the Planck team. We show that besides being powerful for discriminating between $f(R)$ gravity theories, the future dynamics technique can also be used to determine the fate of the Universe in the framework of these $f(R)$ gravity theories. Moreover, there emerges from our numerical analysis that if we do not invoke a dark energy component with equation-of-state parameter $\omega < -1$ one still has dust flat FLRW solution with a big rip, if gravity deviates from general relativity via $f(R) = R + \alpha R^n $. We also show that FLRW dust solutions with $f'', Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. V2: Generality and implications of the results are emphasized, connection with the recent literature improved, typos corrected, references added

Using the Dirac procedure to treat constraints dynamical sistems applied to gravitation, as described in the context of Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR), we investigate, from the first class constraints, the gauge transformations in the fundamental field: the components of tetrads. We have shown that there is no an isotropy in physical space with respect to gauge transformations, i.e., given an arbitrary gravitational field, coming from a gauge transformation in the internal space, physical space reacts differently in the spatial and temporal components. By making an appropriate choice, we have found a gauge transformation for the components of tetrad field that allows a direct analogy with the gauge transformations of the Yang-Mills theory. In addition, to the asymptotically flat case in which the algebra index is fixed, we recover the transformations of Electromagnetism. Moreover, still considering the asymptotically flat case, the dependence of the gauge transformation parameter in the space-time variables is periodic, just like in the Electromagnetism. Furthermore, the gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields as have recently been defined, make sense since they allow a direct relation with the momenta, which is analogous to what occurs in other gauge theories., 13 pages

CI, CM, CR and ungrouped C2 carbonaceous chondrites contain a few percents of insoluble organic matter (IOM), which could have a presolar origin and provide clues on carbon chemistry in interstellar medium of protostellar environments. However, these chondrites have experienced complex hydrothermal processes in their parent bodies [1-3]. A major issue is the understanding of chemical changes in composition and structure of IOM due to aqueous alteration. Chemical variations have been reported among various chondrites, and so far interpreted as the consequence of oxidation processes by some authors [4; 5]. Variations among the precursors accreted can also be suspected [6]. We measured by micro-infrared spectroscopy (at LPG, Grenoble) and sulfur XANES at the K-edge (at ESRF, ID21, Grenoble) a series of IOMs extracted from CI1 (Ivuna, Orgueil, Alais), CM2 (Murchison, Cold Bokkeveld, QUE99355, QUE97990, Mighei and Murray), CR2 (Renazzo) and C2 ungrouped (Tagish Lake) chondrites. Only CIs and Cold Bokkeveld have strong carboxylic IR bands and oxidised organic sulfur XANES features. Neither XANES and IR show major variability within one group. These results evidence systematic differences between C1 and other C2 chondrites. Cold Bokkeveld appears as a peculiar object, and should be considered as an anomalous CM2. The lack of organic oxidation trend going with alteration gradient makes us say : i) hydrothermalism was very stronger on C1 parent body than on C2's and ii) oxidation of different precursors of C1 and C2 may have an effect on the IOM.

International audience; Sulfur oxidation state of insoluble OM from 3 CI1, 5 CM2, Renazzo (CR2) and Tagish Lake was determined by S-XANES. Different redox ratios are reported among these chondrites, possibly evidencing chemical effects of hydrothermalism.