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Il presente lavoro raccoglie alcune esperienze di Progetti di Alternanza Scuola Lavoro (d’ora in poi ASL) realizzati dall’INGV negli anni scolastici dal 2015 al 2019 e dedicati al rischio sismico, alle scienze polari ed agli strumenti per la divulgazione scientifica. Le esperienze descrivono il lavoro realizzato da un gruppo di ricercatori INGV con competenze in diversi ambiti disciplinari (sismologia, geologia, vulcanologia, fisica dell’atmosfera, psicologia) e in alcuni casi le attività sono state svolte in collaborazione con ricercatori di altri enti. Il gruppo di lavoro è composto da ricercatori che da molti anni dedicano parte del loro tempolavoro alle attività di divulgazione scientifica, ai progetti educativi, alla didattica della scienza. In una parola a quella che oggi rappresenta, per gli enti di ricerca, la “Terza missione”, ovvero l’insieme di tutte le attività finalizzate a creare una connessione bidirezionale tra il mondo della ricerca e la società.Ciò che ha caratterizzato l’approccio dei ricercatori INGV ai progetti ASL, sia nella fase di progettazione che di realizzazione, è la finalità di consentire agli studenti di vivere un’esperienza reale ed immersiva in un contesto di lavoro. E quindi l’opportunità di sperimentare capacità e abilità che caratterizzano il contesto organizzativo (diritti, doveri, responsabilità, impegni, regole), diversamente dal mondo della scuola. Il secondo aspetto al quale ci si è riferiti nella realizzazione dei progetti è quello di consentire agli studenti di esplorare, in particolare il contesto delle attività lavorative connesse al mondo della ricerca. Da questo punto di vista gli studenti hanno potuto acquisire conoscenze in ambiti tematici specifici, hanno avuto modo di sperimentare metodi e tecniche proprie del mondo della ricerca e di acquisire capacità e abilità trasversali come il lavoro in gruppo. Il contributo è organizzato in tre capitoli in relazione ai temi affrontati nei progetti. Nel primo sono riportate le schede dei tre progetti dedicate al tema Terremoto; nel secondo vengono descritti i due progetti dedicati alla Divulgazione Scientifica e nel terzo un progetto sulle Scienze Polari. Per rendere maggiormente fruibile la lettura, ogni progetto viene descritto attraverso una scheda sintetica che evidenza le caratteristiche principali: titolo, referenti INGV, studenti partecipanti, periodo, descrizione delle attività, obiettivi e considerazioni sull’esperienza. Nel capitolo conclusivo viene proposto un bilancio delle esperienze realizzate, evidenziando punti di forza e aree di miglioramento dei progetti, con la finalità di condividere suggerimenti ed idee per tracciare percorsi formativi maggiormente efficaci nel futuro.

Understanding the mechanisms that control the accumulation of large silicic magma bodies in the upper crust is key to determining the potential of volcanoes to form caldera-forming eruptions. Located in one of the most populated regions on Earth, Camp Flegrei is an active and restless volcano that has produced two cataclysmic caldera-forming eruptions and numerous smaller eruptive events over the past 60,000 years. Here, we combine the results of an extensive petrological survey with a thermomechanical model to investigate how the magmatic system shifts from frequent, small eruptions to large caldera-forming events. Our data reveal that the most recent eruption of Monte Nuovo is characterized by highly differentiated magmas akin to those that fed the pre-caldera activity and the initial phases of the caldera-forming eruptions. We suggest that this eruption is an expression of a state shift in magma storage conditions, whereby substantial amounts of volatiles start to exsolve in the shallow reservoir. The presence of an exsolved gas phase has fundamental consequences for the physical properties of the reservoir and may indicate that a large magma body is currently accumulating underneath Campi Flegrei., Science Advances, 4 (11), ISSN:2375-2548

Turrialba is an active volcano of the Cordillera Volcanica Central in Costa Rica, which is currently experiencing a renewal of the eruptive activity after ~150 years of eruptive quiescence. Because of its explosive eruptive records in the recent geological history and the proximity with the metropolitan area of San Jose, this volcano poses serious threats to the population and economy of the area. In this study, we investigated the andesitic products of an explosive event (VEI 4) that occurred at Turrialba volcano ~2 ka, which we referred to as “El Retiro” eruption. Results from field observations, textural and chemical analyses indicate that the El Retiro eruption was characterized by two main pulses separated by a low energy activity. The eruption was fed by a homogeneous andesitic magma batch that crystallized along a P-T path of 0.1–400 MPa and 1050–1145 °C. The vesicle number density of pumiceous clasts ranges between 107 and 108 cm−3, in agreement with previous data from subplinian eruptions. The magma batch underwent decompression rates and pre-fragmentation velocities of 0.40–0.95 MPa s−1 and 23–37 m s−1, respectively. A marked textural variability within each stratigraphic layer has been also observed. This potentially suggests a horizontal zonation of the magma column, a condition that may have induced velocity gradients and high viscosity contrasts in the conduit leading to magma fragmentation. The observed pulsating behavior translates into mass eruption rate fluctuations that can be related to changes in magma volatile contents. Further explosive eruptions with characteristics similar to those observed for El Retiro, cannot be excluded at Turrialba volcano. This denotes the importance of investigating eruption dynamics at the conduit, providing key information to rigorously assess the volcanic risk in populated areas.

Southern Italy is a most active tectonic and volcanic setting comprising active (Stromboli, Vulcano) or dormant (Lipari) volcanic islands in the Aeolian Arc, and the majestic Etna volcano (together with the Campanian volcanoes). They have attracted the attention of a great number of volcanologists and can be rightfully considered the cradle of the scientific discipline of Volcanology. In the Aeolian Arc, the main features are the incessant and rhythmic Strombolian exlosive activity of Stromboli and the Sciara del Fuoco collapse, together with the deposits of historical Vulcanian eruptions of Vulcano and its present-day intense fumarolic activity. The well-known Rocche Rosse obsidian lava flow and Mt. Pilato pumice are the traces of the Middle Ages activity of Lipari. On Etna, the geology of the valle del Bove depression and the summit craters and NE-Rift, and the 2001, 2002-03 and the 2011-2017 eruptive fissures and lava flow fields give an idea of the variability of its eruptive scenarios. The spectacular geology of these volcanoes and the INGV real-time monitoring network are the bases to discuss the main aspects of volcanic hazard and risk mitigation in case of future eruptions in a highly-urbanized territory characterized by intense tourism exploitation during the summer.

The Neostromboli volcanic succession is characterized by packages of lava flow units and scoria beds erupted from the summit of the Stromboli volcano, and by scoria cones and lava flows poured out from lateral vents and fissures. Available radiometric ages constrain Neostromboli activity in the 14–4 ka BP age window, but the chronological relations of central vs. peripheral activity are still poorly understood. Furthermore, radiometric and palaeomagnetic ages for some of the peripheral eruptions are strikingly inconsistent. Here we report on the palaeomagnetic dating of thirty-four sites from Neostromboli products. Seventeen are new palaeomagnetic directions, while additional seventeen ages are recalculated - using published directions by Speranza et al. (2008) - with the recent SHA.DIF.14K palaeo-secular variation (PSV) field model. We show that the beginning of Neostromboli succession could be much younger than the commonly accepted ≈14 ka onset, providing our oldest data an age of ≈9 ka. The improved geochronological resolution allowed by palaeomagnetic dating suggests that the early stages of the Neostromboli activity occurred at 9–8 ka BP and were characterized by summit lava flow units blanketing both the SW and northern volcano flanks; after ≈7.5 ka lateral eruptions from peripheral cones and fissures became dominant. We suggest that the intense flank activity enabled magma-water interaction thus yielding explosive activity and repeated collapse events, leading to the Sciara del Fuoco formation. Our work confirms that PSV analysis of Holocene volcanics may yield eruption chronology definition with an accuracy unlikely to be achieved with other radiometric techniques.

The Miocene “Corte Blanco Tuff” rhyolite deposit is the product of a large volume and high intensity Plinian eruption from the solitary and monogenetic Ramadas Volcanic Centre (Central Andes, Province of Salta, NW Argentina). The “Corte Blanco Tuff” consists of vitreous tube pumices with rare euhedral sub-millimetric Mn-garnet phenocrysts, typically hosting inclusions of U-phases as zircon and monazite. Here, we present new textural, major and trace elemental analyses of garnet, zircon and glass that, combined with in situ U-(Th)-Pb zircon and monazite dating, are used to reconstruct the thermobaric environment of formation, age and longevity of the magmatic plumbing system of the Ramadas magma. The results indicate to a crystallization path of a peraluminous rhyolitic melt at shallow crustal levels (≤6 km), as sequentially tracked by the initial nucleation of zircon (780 °C at 9.16 Ma) and garnet (above or at ca. 700 °C), to the final monazite growth (660–670 °C, at 8.70 Ma) in a water-saturated (H2O = 3–5 wt%) environment, shortly before the eruption started. These data (1) define for the first time the primary magmatic origin of Mn-garnet in a rhyolitic volcanic setting; (2) provide new partition coefficients of rare earth elements (REE) between natural garnet, zircon and rhyolitic melts; and (3) permit reconstruction of the magmatic processes that resulted in the Ramadas eruption. On a wider scale, our results document the spatio-temporal (P-T conditions, timing and longevity) time scales involved in the petrogenesis of a shallow peraluminous water-saturated rhyolitic magmatic plumbing system that is able to generate the conditions for extremely explosive Plinian eruptions. Fil: Lucci, Federico. Università Degli Studi Roma Tre; Italia Fil: Rossetti, Federico. Università Degli Studi Roma Tre; Italia Fil: Becchio, Raul Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Theye, Thomas. Universität Stuttgart; Alemania Fil: Gerdes, Axel. Goethe Universitat Frankfurt; Alemania Fil: Opitz, Joachim. Universität Stuttgart; Alemania Fil: Baez, Walter Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Geonorte; Argentina Fil: Bardelli, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Geonorte; Argentina Fil: De Astis, Gianfilippo. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; Italia Fil: Viramonte, Jose German. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto Geonorte; Argentina Fil: Giordano, Guido. Università Degli Studi Roma Tre; Italia