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This study aimed to evaluate the Chagas Disease Control Program which has operated since 1982 in the municipality of Berilo in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on evaluation of 5,242 domiciliary units (DUs) and 7,807 outbuildings over an eight-year period of epidemiological surveillance implanted in 1997. A total of 391 triatomines (280 Panstrongylus megistus and 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata) were captured, indicating the continued predominance of the former species. However, Triatoma pseudomaculata is clearly becoming more important in this region, with intradomiciliary colonies being detected in recent years. Entomological parameters, such as dispersion (17%) and intradomiciliary infestation (0.15%) indices, are compatible with the results of the epidemiological surveillance. The majority of DUs were of construction type A (plaster over bricks) or C (plaster over adobe). Twenty-five percent of the inhabitants of the DUs infested by triatomines were reactive in ELISA, IHA and IIF tests for Trypanosoma cruzi antigens.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o Programa de Controle de doença de Chagas instalado desde 1982 no município de Berilo, Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG, Brasil, baseado na avaliação de 5.242 unidades domiciliares e 7.807 anexos após oito anos de implantação da vigilância epidemiológica que ocorreu em 1997. Um total de 391 triatomíneos (280 Panstrongylus megistus e 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata) foram capturados, indicando o contínuo predomínio da primeira espécie. No entanto, Triatoma pseudomaculata está claramente se tornando mais importante nesta região, com colônias intradomiciliares sendo detectadas recentemente. Parâmetros entomológicos, como os índices de dispersão (17%) e infestação intradomiciliar (0,15%), são compatíveis com a fase de vigilância epidemiológica. A maioria das UDs apresenta padrão de construção tipo A (tijolo com reboco) e C (adobe com reboco). Dentre os habitantes das unidades domiciliares infestadas por triatomíneos, 25% apresentavam testes reativos na ELISA, HAI e IFI para antígenos de Trypanosoma cruzi.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature and relative humidity influence in the life cycle, mortality and fecundity patterns of Triatoma rubrovaria. Four cohorts with 60 recently laid eggs each were conformed. The cohorts were divided into two groups. In the controlled conditions group insects were maintained in a dark climatic chamber under constant temperature and humidity, whereas triatomines of the ambiental temperature group were maintained at room temperature. Average incubation time was 15.6 days in the controlled conditions group and 19.1 days in the ambiental temperature. In group controlled conditions the time from egg to adult development lasted 10 months while group ambiental temperature took four months longer. Egg eclosion rate was 99.1% and 98.3% in controlled conditions and ambiental temperature, respectively. Total nymphal mortality in controlled conditions was 52.6% whereas in ambiental temperature was 51.8%. Mean number of eggs/female was 817.6 controlled conditions and 837.1 ambiental temperature. Fluctuating temperature and humidity promoted changes in the life cycle duration and in the reproductive performance of this species, although not in the species mortality.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da temperatura e umidade relativa sobre o ciclo biológico, mortalidade e fecundidade de Triatoma rubrovaria. Formaram-se quatro coortes, cada uma de 60 ovos recentemente colocados. As coortes foram divididas em dois grupos: O grupo condições controlada foi mantido em estufa com temperatura e umidade constantes, e o grupo temperatura ambiental foi mantido em condições variáveis de temperatura e umidade. O tempo de incubação dos ovos foi de 15.6 condições controlada e de 19.1 dias temperatura ambiental. O período de desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto foi de dez meses em condições controlada e 4 meses mais extenso em temperatura ambiental. A taxa de eclosão foi 99.1% em condições controlada e 98.3% em temperatura ambiental. A fecundidade foi 817.6 condições controlada e 837.1 temperatura ambiental. O percentual de mortalidade ninfal foi 52.6% no grupo condições controlada e 51.8% no grupo temperatura ambiental. As variações de temperatura e umidade relativa exercem influência no ciclo biológico e em alguns padrões reprodutivos desta espécie, mas não em sua mortalidade.

Se amplía la lista de veintidos especies de Culicidae citadas para el arco sur de la Laguna de Mar Chiquita a veintiocho. Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribalzaga) , Culex acharistus Root, Culex chidesteri Dyar, Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, Mansonia titillans (Walker) y Psorophora holmbergi Lynch Arribalzaga se citan por primera vez para la región. Se sintetizan los antecedentes relacionados con la importancia sanitaria de los culícidos de la zona.The list of twenty-two species of Culicidae from the southern coast of Mar Chiquita Lake is extended to twenty-eight. Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribalzaga) , Culex acharistus Root, Culex chidesteri Dyar, Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes , Mansonia titillans (Walker) and Psorophora holmbergi Lynch Arribalzaga are listed for the first time for the region. The available information on sanitary importance of the culicids of the area is summarized.

The capacity of populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to survive and recover was assessed after application of insecticide (gamma-HCH at a rate of 0.5 g a.i./m2) at different seasons. T. infestans populations were maintained in experimental chicken houses under natural climatic conditions in a region of Argentina endemic for Chagas disease transmitted by these bugs. Based on previous studies of T. infestans populations in these habitats, each experimental group was set up with a total of 626 T. infestans, comprising 390 eggs, 204 nymphs of particular stages, fourteen male and eighteen female adults. The chicken houses were dismantled and rebuilt at monthly intervals to study the vector population changes over a period of 33 months. When the insecticide was applied during winter, spring or summer, populations of T. infestans recovered to untreated or precontrol levels during the next reproductive season (i.e. during the hot season, October-March). In contrast, populations treated during autumn (March) remained at very low densities for 2 years and then increased rapidly to surpass the untreated populations. All populations of the bugs fell to very low numbers (sometimes less than twenty individuals) after gamma-HCH applications, but none was driven to extinction. In all cases, the density of surviving populations was independent of their density before treatment. The fact that all treated populations recovered within 1-3 years, to at least the density of untreated populations, shows the high reproductive potential of T. infestans to recover from very low population densities. Moreover, the additive effect of climatic-induced mortality and insecticide-induced mortality is only apparent when insecticides are applied just before the onset of the cold winter months during which reproductive rates are at their lowest.