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A través del costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad y de la asignación de costos se utiliza el tiempo como inductor de la actividad, y bajo la premisa de que la capacidad práctica no puede ser igual a la capacidad teórica, se desarrolla el presente estudio, con el objetivo de proponer un costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad (TDABC), para un servicio de tomografía; a través de un estudio inductivo, descriptivo, de corte transeccional, utilizando la observación y el análisis de datos, el estudio se realizó en colaboración y coordinación con el área financiera y el personal del área de tomografía. Los resultados incorporan los análisis de procedimientos y subprocedimientos, actividades y comparaciones, así como los resultados del costeo a través del TDABC, como es el caso de un servicio en el que se invierte 38 minutos para su procesamiento y atención, de acuerdo al TDABC, el costo del servicio sería de S/ 597.47.

In the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, mining companies have gradually reduced their operations by employing the necessary personnel, suspending their construction activities, delaying the development of new investment projects, and have had problems with their supply chains. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the working capital and profitability of the mining sector as an effect of the COVID 19 pandemic. Through a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental approach, we worked with the financial information of mining companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange (BVL). It was concluded that the periods prior to the pandemic served to alleviate the contingencies caused by the social immobilization; however, the contraction of the market recovered during the fiscal year 2021, so that the indicators were auspicious, in general terms., En contexto de pandemia por COVID 19, las empresas mineras han reducido gradualmente sus operaciones empleando al personal necesario, suspendiendo sus actividades de construcción, retrasando el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos de inversión y han tenido problemas con sus cadenas de suministro, bajo esta premisa, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el capital de trabajo y la rentabilidad del sector minero como efecto de la pandemia por el COVID 19. A través del enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, se revisó información de los estados financieros correspondiente a los años 2019, 2020 y 2021 de las principales empresas mineras que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). La técnica fue el análisis documental y el instrumento una guía de análisis financiero. Se concluyó que los periodos previos a la pandemia sirvieron para paliar las contingencias provocadas por la inmovilización social, sin embargo, la contracción que tuvo el mercado se recuperó durante el ejercicio 2021, de manera que los indicadores fueron auspiciosos, en términos generales.

La inmovilización social por la pandemia del COVID-19 provocó el traslado de muchos estudiantes de instituciones privadas a estatales, debido a que sus responsables financieros evidenciaron dificultades para solventar sus gastos corrientes y, adicionalmente, los gastos de pensiones de enseñanza; en ese contexto, el presente estudio justificó su elaboración en la necesidad de conocer las estrategias de cobranza y su relación con la morosidad, por consiguiente, el objetivo general del presente trabajo de investigación fue determinar en qué medida se relacionan las estrategias de cobranza y la morosidad en la Asociación Educativa Adventista Centro Oeste del Perú; a través de un estudio de tipo básico, y utilizando el enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional, se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra conformada de 82 participantes, integrantes de la plana contable, administrativa, y docente de las instituciones conformantes de la unidad de análisis. Luego de aplicar los estadígrafos respectivos, los resultados evidenciaron un coeficiente Rho de (-0.958) y un p valor (0.000). Se concluyó que existe una relación fuerte e inversa entre las variables de estudio; por lo que se infiere que, a mayor presencia de las estrategias de cobranza, menor será la presencia de morosidad y viceversa.

The importance of information in today's world as it is a key asset for business growth and innovation. The problem that arises is the lack of understanding of knowledge quality properties, which leads to the development of inefficient knowledge-intensive systems. But knowledge cannot be shared effectively without effective knowledge-intensive systems. Given this situation, the authors must analyze the benefits and believe that machine learning can benefit knowledge management and that machine learning algorithms can further improve knowledge-intensive systems. It also shows that machine learning is very helpful from a practical point of view. Machine learning not only improves knowledge-intensive systems but has powerful theoretical and practical implementations that can open up new areas of research. The objective set out is the comprehensive and systematic literature review of research published between 2018 and 2022, these studies were extracted from several critically important academic sources, with a total of 73 short articles selected. The findings also open up possible research areas for machine learning in knowledge management to generate a competitive advantage in financial institutions.

BackgroundLife satisfaction as well as job satisfaction of teachers has a significant impact on educational outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate a model of factors predicting life satisfaction through the mediating role of job satisfaction.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 300 primary school teachers of both sexes (68% female, 32% male) and with a mean age of 42.52 years (SD = 10.04). They were administered the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Workload Scale (ECT), the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis.ResultsThe SEM analysis found significant goodness-of-fit indices: (χ2 = 13.739; df = 5; p = ConclusionThe results confirm the importance of self-efficacy, organizational commitment, and workload in job satisfaction and overall life satisfaction of elementary education teachers. Job satisfaction acts as a mediator in this relationship. It is important to reduce workload and promote self-efficacy and organizational commitment to improve the well-being and satisfaction of teachers.

En la actualidad, las compañías gestionan una enorme cantidad de información. y existen diversos administradores de bases de datos tanto relacionales como no relacionales, y debido a esto las empresas pueden elegir en donde administrar sus datos, en artículo se decidió analizar el rendimiento entre Oracle (SQL) y MongoDB (NoSQL), se basó en las operaciones de CRUD, con estos resultados del análisis se podrá brindar una visión más amplia a estas empresas y que puedan elegir SGBD de acuerdo con sus necesidades.

Managing logistic processes is essential for any organization, because their correct control and management will optimize its processes avoiding unnecessary expenses, increasing productivity and quality offered to the user of the service, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine to what extent the logistic management and the quality of the internal service in the logistic area of the National Institute of Neurological Sciences, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, are related. The type of research was basic with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. The result was a value of (r=0.282, p=0.001) for logistics management and service quality; (r=0.245, p=0.005) for procurement and service quality; (r=0.270, p=0.002) for production and service quality; (r=0.274, p=0.001) for distribution and service quality. It is concluded that there is a linear, low and direct relationship between the variables under study; therefore, the higher the rank of one, the higher the growth of the other variable. It is recommended to promote the systematization of logistics management in order to ensure service quality., Gestionar los procesos logísticos resulta esencial para cualquier organización, porque su correcto control y gestión optimizarán sus procesos evitando gastos innecesarios, incrementando la productividad y calidad ofrecida al usuario del servicio, por lo cual, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar en qué medida se relaciona la gestión logística y la calidad del servicio interno en el área logística del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El tipo de investigación fue básica de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de nivel descriptivo y correlacional. El resultado fue un valor de (r=0,282, p=0.001) para la gestión logística y calidad de servicio; (r=0,245, p=0.005) para aprovisionamiento y calidad de servicio; (r=0,270, p=0.002) para producción y calidad de servicio; (r=0,274, p=0.001) para distribución y calidad de servicio. Se concluye que existe una relación lineal, baja y directa entre las variables de estudio, por lo que, a mayor rango de una, mayor crecimiento de la otra variable. Se recomienda promover la sistematización de la gestión logística a fin de asegurar la calidad del servicio.

The enzymatic modification of starch extends its industrial use to flavor delivery and probiotic encapsulants, among other uses. However, it is not known how starch from different cassava varieties responds to enzymatic hydrolysis. Starches from two Ecuadorian cassava varieties (INIAP 650, an edible starch, and INIAP 651, an industrial starch) were partially modified at three enzymatic hydrolysis degrees (0%, 30%, and 50%), and their physicochemical properties were assessed. The structural analysis revealed that both varieties showed progressive structural damage as hydrolysis increases, probably due to exo-hydrolysis. However, deeper pores were observed in INIAP 651 with the SEM analysis. The crystallinity percentage obtained by XRD analyses remained constant in INIAP 651 and decreased (by 26%) in INIAP 650 (p < 0.05). In addition, the amylose-lipid complex index in INIAP 650 remained constant, while INIAP 651 increased (p < 0.05) at 30% hydrolysis (by 93%). In both varieties, hydrolysis increased (p < 0.05) the water holding capacity (WHC) (by 10-14%) and the water binding capacity (WBC) (by 16%), but 50% hydrolysis of INIAP 650 was needed to significantly affect these properties. No differences were observed in the varieties' thermal properties. Regarding the rheological properties, the variety did not influence the changes in the storage module (G') and the loss modulus (G″) with the hydrolysis (p > 0.05). However, the phase angle decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the hydrolysis, being higher in the INIAP 650 variety than in the INIAP 651 variety. In general, the results indicate that the variety affects the response of the starch granule to enzymatic hydrolysis (noticeable in the principal component analysis, PCA) and opens up the possibility to modulate starch properties., This research was funded by Ecuadorian Research Network of Universities and Polytechnic Schools (REDU) through the project PI-REDU-2016-015.

Summary Background PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are active in metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but positive randomised data supporting their use as a first-line treatment are lacking. In this study we assessed outcomes with first-line pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for patients with previously untreated advanced urothelial carcinoma. Methods KEYNOTE-361 is a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial of patients aged at least 18 years, with untreated, locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of up to 2. Eligible patients were enrolled from 201 medical centres in 21 countries and randomly allocated (1:1:1) via an interactive voice-web response system to intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for a maximum of 35 cycles plus intravenous chemotherapy (gemcitabine [1000 mg/m2] on days 1 and 8 and investigator's choice of cisplatin [70 mg/m2] or carboplatin [area under the curve 5] on day 1 of every 3-week cycle) for a maximum of six cycles, pembrolizumab alone, or chemotherapy alone, stratified by choice of platinum therapy and PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS). Neither patients nor investigators were masked to the treatment assignment or CPS. At protocol-specified final analysis, sequential hypothesis testing began with superiority of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the total population (all patients randomly allocated to a treatment) for the dual primary endpoints of progression-free survival (p value boundary 0·0019), assessed by masked, independent central review, and overall survival (p value boundary 0·0142), followed by non-inferiority and superiority of overall survival for pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in the patient population with CPS of at least 10 and in the total population (also a primary endpoint). Safety was assessed in the as-treated population (all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment). This study is completed and is no longer enrolling patients, and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02853305 . Findings Between Oct 19, 2016 and June 29, 2018, 1010 patients were enrolled and allocated to receive pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (n=351), pembrolizumab monotherapy (n=307), or chemotherapy alone (n=352). Median follow-up was 31·7 months (IQR 27·7–36·0). Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival, with a median progression-free survival of 8·3 months (95% CI 7·5–8·5) in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group versus 7·1 months (6·4–7·9) in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·78, 95% CI 0·65–0·93; p=0·0033), or overall survival, with a median overall survival of 17·0 months (14·5–19·5) in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group versus 14·3 months (12·3–16·7) in the chemotherapy group (0·86, 0·72–1·02; p=0·0407). No further formal statistical hypothesis testing was done. In analyses of overall survival with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy (now exploratory based on hierarchical statistical testing), overall survival was similar between these treatment groups, both in the total population (15·6 months [95% CI 12·1–17·9] with pembrolizumab vs 14·3 months [12·3–16·7] with chemotherapy; HR 0·92, 95% CI 0·77–1·11) and the population with CPS of at least 10 (16·1 months [13·6–19·9] with pembrolizumab vs 15·2 months [11·6–23·3] with chemotherapy; 1·01, 0·77–1·32). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event attributed to study treatment was anaemia with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (104 [30%] of 349 patients) or chemotherapy alone (112 [33%] of 342 patients), and diarrhoea, fatigue, and hyponatraemia (each affecting four [1%] of 302 patients) with pembrolizumab alone. Six (1%) of 1010 patients died due to an adverse event attributed to study treatment; two patients in each treatment group. One each occurred due to cardiac arrest and device-related sepsis in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group, one each due to cardiac failure and malignant neoplasm progression in the pembrolizumab group, and one each due to myocardial infarction and ischaemic colitis in the chemotherapy group. Interpretation The addition of pembrolizumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy did not significantly improve efficacy and should not be widely adopted for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Funding Merck Sharp and Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

Las diferencias generacionales están presentes en casi todas las organizaciones, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue determinar en qué medida la diversidad generacional tiene relación con la productividad laboral en los servidores de una institución pública de la Región Puno, 2021. Por convenir a los intereses del autor, la investigación fue pura o básica, y a través del enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, transeccional, de nivel descriptivo - correlacional, y contando con la colaboración de 37 servidores, los resultados fueron, la magnitud de r=0.992 y el valor de p=0,000, por lo que se afirma, con un 99% de confianza, que en el ámbito de estudio hay una correlación fuerte y perfecta entre la variable diversidad generacional y la variable productividad laboral, porque el valor del Sig. (bilateral) es de 0.000, que se encuentra por debajo del 0.05 requerido. Se recomienda realizar estudios con variables alternas y de enfoque cualitativo. Lima Norte Escuela de Posgrado Reforma y Modernización del Estado Biodiversidad, cambio climático y calidad ambiental Promoción de la salud, nutrición y salud alimentaria Fin de la pobreza

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El manejo de los recursos dinerarios de una municipalidad serán una preocupación permanente, tanto para los ciudadanos como para los fiscalizadores, por lo que el objetivo específico del presente estudio fue describir la calidad del gasto en las municipalidades de la provincia de Huancayo entre los periodos 2019-2021; el estudio fue de tipo básico, cuantitativo, no experimental, longitudinal y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por los reportes de ejecución presupuestal de 27 distritos, de los ejercicios 2019, 2020 y 2021, de la unidad de análisis. Los resultados fueron una calidad de gasto por encima del 70% a nivel general. Por lo que se concluyó que la calidad del gasto en las municipalidades de la provincia de Huancayo entre los periodos 2019-2021 está dentro de los umbrales de buena, siendo Chicche uno de los distritos con mayor y mejor calidad de gasto.

Purpose: Describe the factors that promoted the economic growth of MSEs in the city of Iquitos in the year 2021. Theoretical framework: The world we know has many shortcomings, schools, hospitals, infrastructure necessary to provide essential services to the entire population, and that economic activities, production, transportation, etc., allow and contribute to the presence of upstream supply of goods and services that people require for their livelihood (Aguilar Zuluaga, 2016). Methodology: For the development of this study, the qualitative approach of phenomenological - hermeneutic design was used, the informants were entrepreneurs, microentrepreneurs, officials of the Chamber of Commerce and officials of the Municipal Economic Development Management. Findings: The study provides information about the intrinsic reality that Peruvian MSEs are going through, that which economic indicators and quantitative studies do not provide. Contributions: The present study provides an analysis of the reality about economic growth, making a study of the phenomenology that this represents, with the respective hermeneutic analysis that is required, which could serve as a basis for the promotion and design of public policies for the economic development of the sector. Originality/value: This study is innovative due to the absence of research that addresses the social phenomenon of economic growth and its factors from the perspective of its protagonists, the entrepreneurs, which will contribute to the analysis of decisions for the development of these economic sectors.

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El trabajo de investigación presenta por objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión del talento humano según competencias y la satisfacción del cliente de la tienda por departamentos Saga Falabella, 2021. Para determinar la relación se aplicaron cuestionarios desarrollados y validados. El diseño es no experimental, correlacional tipo básica. La muestra de 357 clientes. Con la finalidad de recolectar la información se aplicó un cuestionario de 42 preguntas, la confiablidad del instrumento en su totalidad según Alfa de Cronbach es de 0.876. Existe una relación positiva la gestión del talento humano según competencias y la satisfacción del cliente entre el clima organizacional y desempeño laboral (0.398), a un nivel de significancia p=0,00< 0,05; se acepta la hipótesis alternativa: Existe una relación directa entre la gestión del talento humano según competencias y la satisfacción del cliente de la tienda por departamentos Saga Falabella, 2021 Chiclayo Escuela de Posgrado Gestión Empresarial y productividad Biodiversidad, cambio climático y calidad ambiental Desarrollo económico, empleo y emprendimiento Industria, innovación e infraestructura

Fil: Golden, David Hugo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Fil: González Holotte, Santiago Gabriel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es compartir la experiencia de implementación y evaluación del enfoque de aula invertida en la asignatura Finanzas Públicas y Control de la Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad Teresa de Ávila, desarrollado durante el primer semestre de 2021. Dicha implementación es la primera en su tipo dentro de la facultad, se apoya tecnológicamente en un sistema de gestión del aprendizaje denominado EVA-UCA y contempla la utilización de e-actividades como núcleo de la propuesta pedagógica, siendo estas a su vez los medios esenciales para la evaluación formativa del curso. Combinando diversas fuentes de datos, se indaga en las debilidades, amenazas, oportunidad y fortalezas de esta particular experiencia, extrayendo aprendizajes y conclusiones para la mejora de futuras experiencias.

Mestrado (Relatório de Estágio), Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, 27 de outubro de 2020. O presente relatório de estágio enquadra-se na realização do Mestrado em Educação do Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, da Universidade dos Açores, e teve por base as práticas pedagógicas concretizadas nas unidades curriculares Estágio Pedagógico I e II. A presença da comunicação em todas as sociedades, como base das interações humanas, é um paradigma que nos remete para a necessidade intrínseca de promover o seu desenvolvimento de forma integral na criança. Naturalmente, esta realidade está inerente à dimensão social da aprendizagem, revelando, assim, a importância da realização deste estudo, como contributo para a compreensão da importância que os espaços escolares, nomeadamente as salas de aula, têm na promoção das competências comunicacionais. Em conformidade, a escolha do tema, prendeu-se com o facto de nutrirmos interesse pela organização do espaço de sala de aula e por consideramos que este tem um papel fulcral no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, especificamente, no desenvolvimento da comunicação das crianças. Por conseguinte, para a elaboração deste relatório foi escolhida, especificamente, a temática “O espaço pedagógico no processo comunicacional em contexto Pré-escolar e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico”, para ser explorada e analisada numa componente prática, ao longo dos estágios, e numa componente investigativa, através do estudo empírico. Nessa linha, enveredamos por uma abordagem investigativa de natureza descritiva, que nos permitisse conhecer as conceções dos participantes sobre este tema. Esta investigação contou com a participação de 10 educadores de infância e 10 professores do 1.º Ciclo e teve por base os seguintes objetivos: conhecer a relevância que os educadores de infância e professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico atribuem à organização do ambiente de sala de aula para o desenvolvimento da comunicação nos alunos; descobrir aspetos que potencializam ou constrangem o desenvolvimento da comunicação; entender quais os procedimentos e estratégias promotores da oralidade, da leitura e da escrita; e identificar quais os procedimentos na organização do espaço na implementação das múltiplas áreas das expressões. Com a nossa investigação, constatamos que a maioria dos docentes e educadores de infância segue a linha orientadora deste autor, o que lhes permite ter consciência da influência do espaço na promoção da comunicação. Para além disso, comprovamos que os educadores e professores consideram que a forma como o espaço se encontra organizado influencia o desenrolar das diversas atividades nele implementadas, bem como no modo como as crianças se relacionam entre si e com o educador ou professor. Mediante o tipo de relação existente entre alunos e entre os alunos e o professor, o processo ensino-aprendizagem pode ser potencializado. ABSTRACT: This report is the academic outcome of the internship of the Master’s Degree in Preschool and Elementary School Education, at University of Azores. It was based on the pedagogical practices accomplished in the course units of the Pedagogical internship I and II. The communication in all societies, based on the human interactions, is a paradigm that brings us to the intrinsic need to promote its development in an entire way. Naturally, this reality has a learning social dimension, showing, therefore, the importance of this study, as a contribution to the understanding of the importance of school facilities, especially classrooms, in promoting communication skills. Accordingly, the theme’s choice was due to our interest in the classroom space because we believe that it has an important role in the teaching-learning process, particularly in the development of children’s communication. Therefore, to prepare this report, we have specifically chosen the theme «The pedagogical space in the communicative process in Pre-school and Elementary Education» to be explored and analyzed in a practical component, throughout the internships, and in an investigative component, through an empirical study. From this perspective, we chose a qualitative study that would allow us to know the participants’ conceptions on this subject. 10 kindergarten teachers and 10 elementary teachers participated in this study. It had the following aims: to know the relevance those teachers give to the classroom organization in the development of students’ communication; to find aspects that enhance or constrain the development of communication; to understand the procedures and strategies that promote speaking, listening, reading and writing skills; and to know which procedures are used in the space organization and in the implementation of multiple areas of expression. With our study, we found that the majority of teachers follow this author's guideline, which allows them to be aware of the influence of space in promoting communication. Thus, we prove that teachers consider that the way the classroom space is organized, influences the development of the activities implemented in it, as well as the way children communicate and relate to each other and to the teacher, enhancing the teaching-learning process.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; Le présent ouvrage cherche à circonscrire l’apparition, au Xe siècle de notre ère, d’une réflexion autonome sur le langage au sein du courant de pensée exégétique non dualiste (Advaita Vedānta) inauguré au VIIIe siècle en Inde par Śaṅkara. Si l’importance des réflexions indiennes sur le langage n’est plus à démontrer, la contribution de l’exégèse advaitin à ce domaine des études philosophiques sanskrites n’est généralement pas reconnue. Notre point de départ est l’analyse du plus ancien texte de cette tradition entièrement consacré à des questions linguistiques, l’Enquête sur la connaissance verbale de Prakāśātman, dont on trouvera ici une édition critique et une première traduction française largement annotée. Une étude historique et philosophique introduit aux grandes figures du mouvement, ainsi qu’à quelques concepts-clés de la théorie linguistique indienne. Sur cette base, on s’efforce de comprendre les raisons qui poussèrent l’un des plus illustres représentants de la tradition brahmanique non dualiste à s’engager dans une réflexion sur le langage inédite, quand bien même elle plonge ses racines dans des problèmes exégétiques plus anciens. Cette approche, herméneutique plus que doctrinale, permet de tirer de l’oubli l’une des grandes pensées linguistiques de l’Inde médiévale, en même temps qu’elle redonne à la parole toute sa place dans l’édifice de l’Advaita, « système » dont le fondement se donne dans une extériorité radicale, et dont la réflexion linguistique constitue à bien des égards la philosophie première.

This multicenter, double-blind, randomized study compared the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics (PDs), safety and immunogenicity profile of RTXM83 vs. reference rituximab (R-rituximab), both with CHOP, as first-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A total of 272 patients

Fusarium solani infections in elasmobranchs are described mainly with skin, lateral line, skeletal muscle, and cartilage involvement. We described F. solani cases with head subcutaneous abscess of the endolymphatic tubes, labyrinthitis and meningitis in 4 Port Jackson sharks, occurring c. twenty years ago.4 Last year, we had a new case with a similar clinical and histopathology presentation. N/A

International audience; Ce dossier de la revue Langages est consacré à l’histoire des savoirs linguistiques constitués sur l’énoncé, considéré en première approche comme l’unité minimale de la communication par le langage. Il met en regard des traditions d’analyse éloignées dans le temps et l’espace, formulées en diverses langues – les traditions sanskrite, tamoule, grecque, latine, arabe, française – et propose l’étude, dans chacun de ces corps de savoir, de quelques temps forts de la réflexion sur l’énoncé.

International audience; This collective introduction sketches out the history of the reflection on the utterance in five cultural areas which played a conspicuous role in the constitution of metalinguistic knowledge: the Sanskrit, Tamul, Greek, Latin, Arab and French traditions. The study of linguistic sequences regarded as meaningful units of communication operating above word level is informed by objectives and interpretative frameworks which sensibly differ according to the traditions and periods taken into account. Yet intersecting points linking these traditions can be identified when attention is paid to the context of the reflection on the utterance, the characteristics of the metalanguage used and recurring stumbling blocks in analysis.; Cette introduction collective rassemble les grands traits de l’histoire de la réflexion sur l’énoncé dans cinq aires culturelles majeures pour l’élaboration des savoirs métalinguistiques : les traditions sanskrite, tamoule, grecque, latine, arabe, française. Il est évident que les cadres interprétatifs et les enjeux de connaissance mobilisés par l’étude des séquences linguistiques perçues comme porteuses de signification, supérieures au mot, et formant une unité de la communication, diffèrent sensiblement selon les traditions et les périodes considérées. Cependant, on peut identifier plusieurs points de croisement de ces différentes lignes d’histoire, en envisageant successivement les lieux d’élaboration des savoirs sur l’énoncé, les caractéristiques du métalangage utilisé, et la récurrence de certaines difficultés d’analyse.

Se ha querido revisar las caracteristicas de la atrofia muscular espinal (AME) en general y en especial en lo relacionado con la otorrinolaringologia. La AME es una entidad poco frecuente en el area de cabeza y cuello. La disfagia es el sintoma principal. Presentamos el estudio retrospectivo de una familia compuesta por 9 personas entre el afecto, los hermanos y los primos, diagnosticados de AME. Los principales sintomas fueron la disfagia y la debilidad muscular en los brazos. Para el diagnostico se realizo exploracion completa de cabeza y cuello, transito esofagico, electromiografia y estudio genetico. Nuestra experiencia en el manejo de la disfagia en los trastornos neurologicos es poca, como se constata al realizar una revision bibliografica de esta patologia. Gracias a las unidades de rehabilitacion de los trastornos de la deglucion y de la voz, los otorrinolaringologos nos vemos implicados en como tratar y entrenar a estos enfermos para que tengan una mejor calidad de vida.

International audience

International audience

To review the clinical and pathological characteristics of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in general and in particular regarding the ENT. SMA is relatively rare in the head and neck. Dysphagia is the main symptom. Retrospective review of 9 patients from the same family comprising the original patient, brothers, sister, and cousins with a diagnosis of SMA. Dysphagia and muscular hypotonia in upper members were the main presenting symptoms. The ENT exploration, oesophageal transit, electromyography, and genetic tests were necessary for the diagnosis. In our experience, the treatment of dysphagia in neurological diseases is poor as we have confirmed through a literature review. Thanks to rehabilitation units for swallowing and voice disorders, ENT specialists are involved in the treatment and training of these patients for a better quality of life.

El análisis de las principales innovaciones que caracterizan los nuevos avances tecnológicos de la Industria de Gas Natural (IGN) revela un cambio radical en la base de conocimiento relevante en esa industria. El proceso de innovación actual requiere el manejo de gran número de tecnologías genéricas (tecnologías de la información, componentes electrónicos, telecomunicaciones, censores y nuevos materiales y equipos), más complejas y basadas en la ciencia, cuya evolución depende básicamente del avance de las investigaciones científicas. Estas tecnologías han evolucionado en un ritmo acelerado, configurando un ambiente tecnológicamente inestable para el proceso de innovaciones. No se puede decir que el proceso de cambio tecnológico haya resultado en formas estables de organización de la Industria del Gas Natural, al contrario, la nueva dinámica de innovaciones está lejos de haber configurado un estándar estable de desarrollo tecnológico y nuevas rupturas podrán ocasionar cambios radicales en las formas de organizar y estructurar la industria. La IGN vive un periodo de gran mutación e instabilidad. En este contexto, las empresas exitosas en el proceso de concurrencia de la IGN serán justamente aquellas capaces de acompañar y anticipar el proceso de cambio tecnológico y sus impactos para el proceso de concurrencia de la industria. Es decir, inversiones sustanciales en Investigación y Desarrollo son más que nunca una condición necesaria al establecimiento de estrategias tecnológicas vencedoras. De esta manera, considerando el número y densidad de las tecnologías que pueden causar impacto en la IGN, pocas empresas tendrán capacidad de alcanzar una escala mínima capaz de explotar economías de escala y de convergencia en las inversiones en l. y D Así, la cooperación tecnológica entre empresas del sector y entre empresas e instituciones públicas de investigación se presenta como una estrategia más adecuada para enfrentar los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos de la IGN. Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Monitoring hospital admissions for acute asthma may give information regarding prevalence, severity and treatment of childhood asthma. In a retrospective population-based study, the medical records were studied for children aged one to 14 years admitted for asthma during four periods, each of two years, from 1984 to 2000.Children aged one and two had the highest admission rates; both primary admission and re-admissions increased substantially throughout the period. For children aged three and four, total admission rates went up during the 1980s, but were down again during the 1990s. For older children there was a tendency towards declining admission rates over the study period. The use of systemic steroids at admission and pre-hospital inhaled corticosteroids increased substantially over the period.For one and two-year-old children there was a continuous increase in both primary and readmission rates. Given better pre-hospital treatment there is a potential for lowering admission rates.

International audience; The two phages obtained from mycobacterium lepraemurium strain "Douglas" by using M. segmatis ATCC 607 as a non-lysogenic indicator (kindly supplied by L. Sula and named as AL1 and 1/1) were adsorbed on M. Smegmatis ATCC 607 with a P 45'/P0 of 0.046 and 0.01, respectively. Ultrastructural studies showed that these phages could be classified as Bradley type B1.