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1. Generative Adversarial Networks for Scintillation Signal Simulation in EXO-200

Author

Li, S., Ostrovskiy, I., Li, Z., Yang, L., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., and Tsang, R.

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

Generative Adversarial Networks trained on samples of simulated or actual events have been proposed as a way of generating large simulated datasets at a reduced computational cost. In this work, a novel approach to perform the simulation of photodetector signals from the time projection chamber of the EXO-200 experiment is demonstrated. The method is based on a Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network - a deep learning technique allowing for implicit non-parametric estimation of the population distribution for a given set of objects. Our network is trained on real calibration data using raw scintillation waveforms as input. We find that it is able to produce high-quality simulated waveforms an order of magnitude faster than the traditional simulation approach and, importantly, generalize from the training sample and discern salient high-level features of the data. In particular, the network correctly deduces position dependency of scintillation light response in the detector and correctly recognizes dead photodetector channels. The network output is then integrated into the EXO-200 analysis framework to show that the standard EXO-200 reconstruction routine processes the simulated waveforms to produce energy distributions comparable to that of real waveforms. Finally, the remaining discrepancies and potential ways to improve the approach further are highlighted., Comment: As accepted by JINST

Published
2023
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2. Search for Two-neutrino Double-Beta Decay of $^{136}\rm Xe$ to the $0^+_1$ excited state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A new search for two-neutrino double-beta ($2\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{136}\rm Xe$ to the $0^+_1$ excited state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset. A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events. Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two. With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector, the median 90$\%$ confidence level half-life sensitivity of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the $0^+_1$ state of $^{136}\rm Ba$ is $2.9 \times 10^{24}~\rm yr$ using a total $^{136}\rm Xe$ exposure of $234.1~\rm kg~yr$. No statistically significant evidence for $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the $0^+_1$ state is observed, leading to a lower limit of $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}(0^+ \rightarrow 0^+_1) > 1.4\times10^{24}~\rm yr$ at 90$\%$ confidence level, a factor of $1.7$ improvement over the current world's best constraint., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

Published
2023
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3. First Direct Detection Constraints on Planck-Scale Mass Dark Matter with Multiple-Scatter Signatures Using the DEAP-3600 Detector

Author

Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alp��zar-Venegas, M., Auty, D. J., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., C��rdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. Garc��a, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Ku{��}niak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lissia, M., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Olivi��ro, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Raj, N., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Reti��re, F., Rodr��guez-Garc��a, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Garc��a, E. Sanchez, S��nchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seth, S., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., V��zquez-J��uregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., Zu��iga-Reyes, A., Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpizar-Venegas, M., Auty, D., Benmansour, H., Bina, C., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cardenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B., Corning, J., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Garcia Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuzniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lissia, M., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Oliviero, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Raj, N., Rand, E., Rethmeier, C., Retiere, F., Rodriguez-Garcia, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sanchez Garcia, E., Sanchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seth, S., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuniga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Dark matter particles with Planck-scale mass ($\simeq10^{19}\text{GeV}/c^2$) arise in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. Using a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based dark matter experiment at SNOLAB, a search for supermassive dark matter was performed, looking for multiple-scatter signals. No candidate signal events were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between $8.3\times10^{6}$ and $1.2\times10^{19} \text{GeV}/c^2$, and cross sections for scattering on $^{40}$Ar between $1.0\times10^{-23}$ and $2.4\times10^{-18} \text{cm}^2$. These are used to constrain two composite dark matter models.

Published
2021

4. Search for MeV Electron Recoils from Dark Matter in EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fu, Y. S., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R. H. M., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a search for electron-recoil signatures from the charged-current absorption of fermionic dark matter using the EXO-200 detector. We report an average electron recoil background rate of $6.8 \times 10^{-4}\, \mathrm{cts}\,\mathrm{kg}^{-1}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}\mathrm{keV}^{-1}$ above $4\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and find no statistically significant excess over our background projection. Using a total ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ exposure of $234.1\,\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm{yr}$ we exclude new parameter space for the charged-current absorption cross-section for dark matter masses between $m_\chi = 2.6\,\mathrm{MeV} - 11.6\,\mathrm{MeV}$ with a minimum of $6\times 10^{-51}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$ at $8.3\,\mathrm{MeV}$ at the $90\%$ confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2022
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5. Search for Majoron-emitting modes of $^{136}$Xe double beta decay with the complete EXO-200 dataset

Author

Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retiere, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Rudde, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A search for Majoron-emitting modes of the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset. This dataset consists of a total $^{136}$Xe exposure of 234.1 kg$\cdot$yr, and includes data with detector upgrades that have improved the energy threshold relative to previous searches. A lower limit of T$_{1/2}^{\rm{^{136}Xe}}>$4.3$\cdot$10$^{24}$ yr at 90\% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index $n=1$ Majoron decay was obtained, a factor of 3.6 more stringent than the previous limit from EXO-200, corresponding to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant of $|\langle g_{ee}^{M}\rangle|$$

Published
2021
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6. Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the β-Decay of ¹³⁷Xe to the Ground State of ¹³⁷Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory

Author

Al Kharusi, S., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank, W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kostensalo, J., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Suhonen, J., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y.-R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.

Abstract

We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay transition ¹³⁷Xe(7/2⁻)→¹³⁷Cs(7/2⁺). The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultralow background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal to background ratio of more than 99 to 1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump.

Published
2020

7. Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the beta-decay of 137Xe to the Ground State of 137Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory

Author

Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Fairbank, W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kostensalo, J., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Reti��re, F., Robinson, A. L., Rowson, P. C., Ruddell, D., Runge, J., Schmidt, S., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Suhonen, J., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yahne, D. R., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay transition $^{137}\textrm{Xe}(7/2^-)\to\,^{137}\textrm{Cs}(7/2^+)$. The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultra-low background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal-to-background ratio of more than 99-to-1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump., Comment: Version as accepted by PRL

Published
2020

8. Neutron inelastic scattering measurements on $^{136}$Xe at $E_{n}$ = 0.7 to 100 MeV

Author

Daugherty, S. J., Albert, J. B., Kaufman, L. J., Devlin, M., Fotiades, N., Nelson, R. O., and Krti��ka, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) require precise energy calibration and extremely low backgrounds. One of the most popular isotopes for $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments is $^{136}$Xe. In support of these experiments, the neutron inelastic scattering properties of this isotope have been measured at the GErmanium Array for Neutron Induced Excitations (GEANIE) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Time-of-flight techniques are utilized with high-purity germanium detectors to search for inelastic scattering $\gamma$ rays for neutron energies between 0.7 and 100 MeV. Limits are set on production of yet-unobserved $\gamma$ rays in the energy range critical for $0\nu\beta\beta$ studies, and measurements are made of multiple $\gamma$-ray production cross sections. In particular, we have measured the production of the 1313 keV $\gamma$ ray which comes from the transition of the first-excited to ground state of $^{136}$Xe. This neutron-induced $\gamma$ line may be useful for a novel energy calibration technique, described in this paper., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys Rev C

Published
2018

9. nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report

Author

nEXO Collaboration, Kharusi, S. Al, Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Danovitch, D., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasi, J., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kenney, C., Killick, R., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, C. M., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Nguyen, T., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Patel, M., Peña-Perez, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Segal, J., Skarpaas~VIII, K., Soma, A. K., Spitaels, K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The projected performance and detector configuration of nEXO are described in this pre-Conceptual Design Report (pCDR). nEXO is a tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay search in $^{136}$Xe, based on the ultra-low background liquid xenon technology validated by EXO-200. With $\simeq$ 5000 kg of xenon enriched to 90% in the isotope 136, nEXO has a projected half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years. This represents an improvement in sensitivity of about two orders of magnitude with respect to current results. Based on the experience gained from EXO-200 and the effectiveness of xenon purification techniques, we expect the background to be dominated by external sources of radiation. The sensitivity increase is, therefore, entirely derived from the increase of active mass in a monolithic and homogeneous detector, along with some technical advances perfected in the course of a dedicated R&D program. Hence the risk which is inherent to the construction of a large, ultra-low background detector is reduced, as the intrinsic radioactive contamination requirements are generally not beyond those demonstrated with the present generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiments. Indeed, most of the required materials have been already assayed or reasonable estimates of their properties are at hand. The details described herein represent the base design of the detector configuration as of early 2018. Where potential design improvements are possible, alternatives are discussed. This design for nEXO presents a compelling path towards a next generation search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, with a substantial possibility to discover physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 182 pages, minor revisions

Published
2018
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10. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author

Chambers, C., Walton, T., Fairbank, D., Craycraft, A., Yahne, D. R., Todd, J., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Alamare, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, T. I. Totev. R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.

Published
2018
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11. Searches for Double Beta Decay of $^{134}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Reti��re, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., Zettlemoyer, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Searches for double beta decay of $^{134}$Xe were performed with EXO-200, a single-phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Using an exposure of $29.6\text{ kg}\!\cdot\!\text{yr}$, the lower limits of $\text{T}_{1/2}^{2\nu\beta\!\beta}>8.7\cdot10^{20}\text{ yr}$ and $\text{T}_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\!\beta}>1.1\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$ at 90% confidence level were derived, with corresponding half-life sensitivities of $1.2\cdot10^{21}\text{ yr}$ and $1.9\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$. These limits exceed those in the literature for $^{134}$Xe, improving by factors of nearly $10^{5}$ and 2 for the two antineutrino and neutrinoless modes, respectively., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

12. Measurement of the drift velocity and transverse diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with the EXO-200 detector

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retiere, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, Drift velocity, Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Charge (physics), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Fick's laws of diffusion, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics
Abstract

The EXO-200 Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay using a liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber. This measurement relies on modeling the transport of charge deposits produced by interactions in the LXe to allow discrimination between signal and background events. Here we present measurements of the transverse diffusion constant and drift velocity of electrons at drift fields between 20~V/cm and 615~V/cm using EXO-200 data. At the operating field of 380~V/cm EXO-200 measures a drift velocity of 1.705$_{-0.010}^{+0.014}$~mm/$\mu$s and a transverse diffusion coefficient of 55$\pm$4~cm$^2$/s., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, added minor clarifications recommended by the reviewer on E-field non-uniformities, minor edits to formatting of figures to conform with journal requirements

Published
2017

13. First search for Lorentz andCPTviolation in double beta decay with EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., D��az, J. S., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbkhsh, S., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Homiller, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Reti��re, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vogel, P., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CPT symmetry, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Lorentz transformation, Isotropy, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Phase space, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of $^{136}$Xe has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz-violation was found, and a two-sided limit of $-2.65 \times 10^{-5 } \; \textrm{GeV} < \mathring{a}^{(3)}_{\text{of}} < 7.60 \times 10^{-6} \; \textrm{GeV}$ (90% C.L.) is placed on the relevant coefficient within the Standard-Model Extension (SME). This is the first experimental study of the effect of the SME-defined oscillation-free and momentum-independent neutrino coupling operator on the double beta decay process., 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2016

14. Cosmogenic Backgrounds to 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} in EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

As neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments become more sensitive and intrinsic radioactivity in detector materials is reduced, previously minor contributions to the background must be understood and eliminated. With this in mind, cosmogenic backgrounds have been studied with the EXO-200 experiment. Using the EXO-200 TPC, the muon flux (through a flat horizontal surface) underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) has been measured to be {\Phi} = 4.07 $\pm$ 0.14 (sys) $\pm$ 0.03 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, with a vertical intensity of $I_{v}$ = 2.97$^{+0.14}_{-0.13}$ (sys) $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$. Simulations of muon-induced backgrounds identified several potential cosmogenic radionuclides, though only 137Xe is a significant background for the 136Xe 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} search with EXO-200. Muon-induced neutron backgrounds were measured using {\gamma}-rays from neutron capture on the detector materials. This provided a measurement of 137Xe yield, and a test of the accuracy of the neutron production and transport simulations. The independently measured rates of 136Xe neutron capture and of 137Xe decay agree within uncertainties. Geant4 and FLUKA simulations were performed to estimate neutron capture rates, and these estimates agreed to within ~40% or better with measurements. The ability to identify 136Xe(n,{\gamma}) events will allow for rejection of 137Xe backgrounds in future 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} analyses., Comment: Published in JCAP, 29 pages, 13 figures

Published
2015

15. Search for $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{136}$Xe to the 0$_1^+$ excited state of $^{136}$Ba with EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., King, J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Winick, T. A., Wood, J., Xu, Q. Y., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the ground state of $^{136}$Ba. We report here on a search for the two-neutrino double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the first $0^+$ excited state, $0^+_1$, of $^{136}$Ba based on a 100 kg$\cdot$yr exposure of $^{136}$Xe. Using a specialized analysis employing a machine learning algorithm, we obtain a 90% CL half-life sensitivity of $1.7 \times 10^{24}$ yr. We find no statistically significant evidence for the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the excited state resulting in a lower limit of $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$ ($0^+ \rightarrow 0^+_1$) $> 6.9 \times 10^{23}$ yr at 90% CL. This observed limit is consistent with the estimated half-life of $2.5\times10^{25}$ yr., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2015

16. Measurements of the ion fraction and mobility of alpha and beta decay products in liquid xenon using EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Robinson, A., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wright, J. D., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Alpha decays in the EXO-200 detector are used to measure the fraction of charged $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ and $^{214}\mathrm{Bi}$ daughters created from alpha and beta decays, respectively. $^{222}\mathrm{Rn}$ alpha decays in liquid xenon (LXe) are found to produce $^{218}\mathrm{Po}^{+}$ ions $50.3 \pm 3.0\%$ of the time, while the remainder of the $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ atoms are neutral. The fraction of $^{214}\mathrm{Bi}^{+}$ from $^{214}\mathrm{Pb}$ beta decays in LXe is found to be $76.4 \pm 5.7\%$, inferred from the relative rates of $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ and $^{214}\mathrm{Po}$ alpha decays in the LXe. The average velocity of $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ ions is observed to decrease for longer drift times. Initially the ions have a mobility of $0.390 \pm 0.006~\mathrm{cm}^2/(\mathrm{kV}~\mathrm{s})$, and at long drift times the mobility is $0.219 \pm 0.004~\mathrm{cm}^2/(\mathrm{kV}~\mathrm{s})$. Time constants associated with the change in mobility during drift of the $^{218}\mathrm{Po}^{+}$ ions are found to be proportional to the electron lifetime in the LXe.

Published
2015

17. Search for $2������$ decay of $^{136}$Xe to the 0$_1^+$ excited state of $^{136}$Ba with EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., King, J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Reti��re, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Winick, T. A., Wood, J., Xu, Q. Y., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the ground state of $^{136}$Ba. We report here on a search for the two-neutrino double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the first $0^+$ excited state, $0^+_1$, of $^{136}$Ba based on a 100 kg$\cdot$yr exposure of $^{136}$Xe. Using a specialized analysis employing a machine learning algorithm, we obtain a 90% CL half-life sensitivity of $1.7 \times 10^{24}$ yr. We find no statistically significant evidence for the $2������$ decay to the excited state resulting in a lower limit of $T^{2��}_{1/2}$ ($0^+ \rightarrow 0^+_1$) $> 6.9 \times 10^{23}$ yr at 90% CL. This observed limit is consistent with the estimated half-life of $2.5\times10^{25}$ yr., 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2015
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18. Cosmogenic Backgrounds to 0������ in EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Reti��re, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

As neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments become more sensitive and intrinsic radioactivity in detector materials is reduced, previously minor contributions to the background must be understood and eliminated. With this in mind, cosmogenic backgrounds have been studied with the EXO-200 experiment. Using the EXO-200 TPC, the muon flux (through a flat horizontal surface) underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) has been measured to be �� = 4.07 $\pm$ 0.14 (sys) $\pm$ 0.03 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, with a vertical intensity of $I_{v}$ = 2.97$^{+0.14}_{-0.13}$ (sys) $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$. Simulations of muon-induced backgrounds identified several potential cosmogenic radionuclides, though only 137Xe is a significant background for the 136Xe 0������ search with EXO-200. Muon-induced neutron backgrounds were measured using ��-rays from neutron capture on the detector materials. This provided a measurement of 137Xe yield, and a test of the accuracy of the neutron production and transport simulations. The independently measured rates of 136Xe neutron capture and of 137Xe decay agree within uncertainties. Geant4 and FLUKA simulations were performed to estimate neutron capture rates, and these estimates agreed to within ~40% or better with measurements. The ability to identify 136Xe(n,��) events will allow for rejection of 137Xe backgrounds in future 0������ analyses., Published in JCAP, 29 pages, 13 figures

Published
2015
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19. Search for Majoron-emitting modes of double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Here we report on a search for various Majoron-emitting modes based on 100 kg$\cdot$yr exposure of $^{136}$Xe. A lower limit of $T^{^{136}Xe}_{1/2} >1.2 \cdot 10^{24}$ yr at 90% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index = 1 Majoron decay was obtained, corresponding to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant of $|< g^{M}_{ee} >, Comment: Published in PRD. Version 2: Referee comments addressed, journal reference added

Published
2014

20. Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zhao, Y. B.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Multidisciplinary, Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Mass spectrum, Limit (mathematics), Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Enriched Xenon Observatory, Absolute scale, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics suggest that neutrinos should be Majorana-type fermions, but this assumption is difficult to confirm. Observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$), a spontaneous transition that may occur in several candidate nuclei, would verify the Majorana nature of the neutrino and constrain the absolute scale of the neutrino mass spectrum. Recent searches carried out with $^{76}$Ge (GERDA experiment) and $^{136}$Xe (KamLAND-Zen and EXO-200 experiments) have established the lifetime of this decay to be longer than $10^{25}$ yr, corresponding to a limit on the neutrino mass of 0.2-0.4 eV. Here we report new results from EXO-200 based on 100 kg$\cdot$yr of $^{136}$Xe exposure, representing an almost fourfold increase from our earlier published datasets. We have improved the detector resolution at the $^{136}$Xe double-beta-decay Q-value to $\sigma$/E = 1.53% and revised the data analysis. The obtained half-life sensitivity is $1.9\cdot10^{25}$ yr, an improvement by a factor of 2.7 compared to previous EXO-200 results. We find no statistically significant evidence for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay and set a half-life limit of $1.1\cdot10^{25}$ yr at 90% CL. The high sensitivity holds promise for further running of the EXO-200 detector and future $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay searches with nEXO., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2014

21. An improved measurement of the 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life of Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Cook, S., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., DeVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dolgolenko, A., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zhao, Y. B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on an improved measurement of the 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life of Xe-136 performed by EXO-200. The use of a large and homogeneous time projection chamber allows for the precise estimate of the fiducial mass used for the measurement, resulting in a small systematic uncertainty. We also discuss in detail the data analysis methods used for double-beta decay searches with EXO-200, while emphasizing those directly related to the present measurement. The Xe-136 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life is found to be 2.165 +- 0.016 (stat) +- 0.059 (sys) x 10^21 years. This is the most precisely measured half-life of any 2\nu \beta \beta\ decay to date., Comment: 34 pages, 32 figures, Updated to published version

Published
2013

22. An improved measurement of the 2������ half-life of Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Cook, S., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., DeVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dolgolenko, A., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., D��ez, M. Montero, Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zhao, Y. B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
Abstract

We report on an improved measurement of the 2������ half-life of Xe-136 performed by EXO-200. The use of a large and homogeneous time projection chamber allows for the precise estimate of the fiducial mass used for the measurement, resulting in a small systematic uncertainty. We also discuss in detail the data analysis methods used for double-beta decay searches with EXO-200, while emphasizing those directly related to the present measurement. The Xe-136 2������ half-life is found to be 2.165 +- 0.016 (stat) +- 0.059 (sys) x 10^21 years. This is the most precisely measured half-life of any 2������ decay to date., 34 pages, 32 figures, Updated to published version

Published
2013
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23. nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report

Author

Kharusi, S. Al, Albert, J. B., Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodski, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Danovitch, D., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Devoe, R., Delaquis, S., Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasi, J., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Michael Jewell, Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kenney, C., Killick, R., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, C. M., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., Maclellan, R., Mcfarlane, K., Michel, T., Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Nguyen, T., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Patel, M., Peña-Perez, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F, Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Segal, J., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., Spitaels, K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L, Wagenpfeil, M., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R, Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.

24. Measuring beneficiary knowledge in two randomized experiments

Author

Mccormack, L. A., Anderson, W., Kuo, M., Daugherty, S., Carla Bann, and Hibbard, J. H.

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Consumer Advocacy, Information Services, Male, Teaching Materials, Data Collection, Insurance Benefits, Eligibility Determination, Medicare, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S, United States, Education, Knowledge, Humans, Female, Aged, Research Article
Abstract

This article reports results of two studies that measured beneficiaries' knowledge of the Medicare program and related health insurance options using pre- and post-experimental designs. Knowledge was measured using multiple item indexes before and after receiving new informational materials developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as part of the National Medicare Education Program (NMEP). Beneficiaries in both studies showed statistically significant gains in knowledge after receiving the new materials. Policy implications for the measurement of knowledge and creation of future versions of the materials are discussed.

25. The DEAP-3600 Experiment

Author

Stringer, M., Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Auty, D. J., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Matteo Cadeddu, Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lissia, M., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Oliviéro, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C, Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seth, S., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

26. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020

27. Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector

Author

Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Oliviéro, Luca Doria, M. G. Boulay, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Stainforth, Stefano Cavuoti, Bei Cai, O. Litvinov, P. Gorel, M. C. Piro, Monica Dunford, O. Kamaev, F. Retiere, S. Viel, P. Skensved, Xiujiang Li, C. Rethmeier, S. S. Farahani, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, C. Jillings, T. Hugues, N. J. T. Smith, D. Gallacher, C. E. Bina, C. Mielnichuk, M. Cadeddu, S. Westerdale, Bhaskar Sur, S. Langrock, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Hamstra, T. Pollmann, P. DelGobbo, S. Garg, M. Kuźniak, V. Pesudo, T. Sonley, B. Jigmeddorj, Jocelyn Monroe, David A. Sinclair, Leszek Roszkowski, A. C. Vincent, S. J. M. Peeters, G. Fiorillo, W. Bonivento, J. Walding, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Giampa, T. Sánchez-Pastor, B. C. Smith, A. Ilyasov, D. J. Auty, I. N. Machulin, M. Lai, M. Stringer, A. B. McDonald, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ajaj, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, A. Erlandson, Martin Ward, Giuseppe Longo, E. T. Rand, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. Garcia Abia, S. Pal, A. Joy, J. Willis, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, A. L. Hallin, B. T. Cleveland, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, A. Grobov, K. Graham, I. Rodríguez-García, S. J. Daugherty, Y. Chen, D. Goeldi, T. McElroy, P. Di Stefano, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Auty, D. J., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cardenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Garces, E. A., Abia, P. Garcia, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I, Kuzniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I, Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Oliviero, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V, Piro, M-C, Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retiere, F., Rodriguez-Garcia, I, Roszkowski, L., Sanchez Garcia, E., Sanchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Viel, S., Vincent, A. C., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuniga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Isovector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isoscalar, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark matter halo, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Halo, 010306 general physics, Magnetic dipole, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon detector aiming to directly detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), located at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). After analyzing data taken during the first year of operation, a null result was used to place an upper bound on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent, isoscalar cross section. This study reinterprets this result within a Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory framework, and further examines how various possible substructures in the local dark matter halo may affect these constraints. Such substructures are hinted at by kinematic structures in the local stellar distribution observed by the Gaia satellite and other recent astronomical surveys. These include the Gaia Sausage (or Enceladus), as well as a number of distinct streams identified in recent studies. Limits are presented for the coupling strength of the effective contact interaction operators $\mathcal{O}_1$, $\mathcal{O}_3$, $\mathcal{O}_5$, $\mathcal{O}_8$, and $\mathcal{O}_{11}$, considering isoscalar, isovector, and xenonphobic scenarios, as well as the specific operators corresponding to millicharge, magnetic dipole, electric dipole, and anapole interactions. The effects of halo substructures on each of these operators are explored as well, showing that the $\mathcal{O}_5$ and $\mathcal{O}_8$ operators are particularly sensitive to the velocity distribution, even at dark matter masses above 100 GeV/$c^2$.

Published
2020

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