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Objectives. This paper presents the development of a local sexual assault investigation kit (SAK) that doctors in the Philippines could use to collect biological samples from victims of sexual abuse, including child patients, that would be used for DNA testing. The study also reports on a management system via courier service to protect the integrity of the samples that could be eventually used as evidence in court from the collection site to the laboratory with sufficient backup measures. Methods. Women and Child Protection Units (WCPU) from Manila, Baguio, Cebu, and Davao partnered with the DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute of UP Diliman (NSRI-UPD) DNA Analysis Laboratory in testing the utility of a prototype SAK for the collection of biological samples from child patients. From January 2002 to March 2006, samples were collected from patients who went to WCPU within 72 hours post-contact and consented to participate in the study. WCPU doctors collected biological samples guided by the patient’s narratives and packaged the samples while following detailed documentation and chain of custody procedures. SAKs were then sent via a designated courier service from WCPU to the NSRI-UPD DNA Analysis Laboratory for DNA testing. The WCPU kept half of the samples collected, following recommendations made during sectoral consultations that included members of the Research Group of the Philippine Judicial Academy, prosecutors, and defense counsels. Case samples were packed well by the WCPU and received at the NSRI-UPD DNA Analysis Laboratory. Due to budget limitations, only the internal genitalia and patients’ reference buccal swabs were subjected to DNA tests as reported by Maiquilla et al.1 The remaining SAK components and case records were kept in a dedicated and secure storage facility. DNA testing reports were sent to the WCPU, which released them to the child patients and their legal guardians. Results. One hundred fifty-four female children aged 2-18 years old and their legal guardians agreed to participate in the study. Based on the initial interviews of the social workers who conducted the evaluation, all the participants came from families with very low socioeconomic status. The WCPU doctors then complied with prescribed procedures. To date, NSRI-UPD DNA Analysis Laboratory records show that a subpoena for expert testimony had been issued in only one case out of the 63 cases (1.6%) that were positive for male DNA. No further information was available on the final decision in this case due to the absence of any order from the judge granting the laboratory access to court records. Likewise, WCPUs did not have any information on the remaining 62 cases that could have used the DNA test results as evidence if a case had been filed in court. Conclusion. This study is the first to report the development and validation of a sexual assault investigation kit in the Philippines aimed at helping medical doctors in collecting and preserving critical biological samples for DNA testing. Using a dedicated courier service to send SAK from collecting agencies to the laboratory for DNA testing was successfully tested and resulted in faster delivery and significantly reduced overall cost. While DNA testing remains the most powerful tool for human identification and the technology has been available in the Philippines since 1997, certain factors have prevented it from being used routinely in sexual assault investigations, including those involving children.

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior and thermal comfort of 20 Girolando cows (5/8-H/G), with light and dark coats, in the wettest period of the year, in Santarém, Pará, Brazil, in pasture with access to shade, and plenty of drinking water and mineral salt. Animal behavior categories were computed for 12 h a day, on 3 days in a row, by trained observers. Three day shifts were considered: Morning (6:00 a.m. to 9:55 a.m.), Intermediate (10:00 a.m. to 01:55 p.m.) and Afternoon (2:00 p.m. to 05:55 p.m.). The Temperature Index (TI), the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) and the Comfort Index (CI) were calculated to measure thermal comfort. At all times studied, BGHI pointed that the environment was outside the thermal comfort zone. Dark-coated animals spent more 34.26% of the time in activities in the shade. The light-coated animals remained more 11.88% of the time in the sun, performing their natural behaviors. Both light and dark coat animals remained more 77 and 74.44% of the time in the sun, respectively. The behavior “in the sun while grazing” was the most evident, in both coats, in the studied shifts. The behaviors “in the shade while walking” and “in the shade while standing idle” were more evident (p < 0.01) in dark-coated cattle. The grazing behavior was higher in animals with dark coat (p < 0.05). In all evaluated shifts, there was a positive correlation between the behavior “in the sun while grazing” with the CI (r = 0.44211; p < 0.0305). Behaviors performed in the shade, such as “idleness while lying down,” “ruminating while lying down and standing up,” and behaviors “in the sun,” “idleness while lying down” and “ruminating while lying down,” were negatively correlated with CI. It is concluded that, even in the wettest period of the year, in the Eastern Amazon, Girolando dairy cows are exposed to hot environments, which causes thermal discomfort and changes in their natural behavior, as they spend more time standing in shaded areas, usually in rumination. Also, light-coated cows spend more time in the sun, while dark-coated cows spend more time in the shade. Thus, light-coated cows tend to have health and zootechnical performance negatively affected.

The prosthesis installed immediately after extraction of natural teeth provides the patient with esthetics and function, avoids the loss of vertical dimension of occlusion and reestablishes the masticatory function, preventing future dysfunctions in the temporomandibular joint, making possible the reintegration of the patient in social life. In this context, the objective this study was report the manufacture of an immediate removable partial denture on the same day that the patient would undergo multiple dental extractions in aesthetic region, thus avoiding social and psychological disorders due to privation of teeth. The result considered extraordinary restoring the patient's well-being.

A sojicultura vem crescendo em cultivos agrícolas, principalmente nas áreas que estavam com pecuária extensiva em vias de degradação na região Amazônica. A reintegração dessas áreas ao sistema produtivo tem proporcionado ganhos econômicos, inclusive associados aos ganhos educacionais, devida a consolidação de universidades no oeste do Pará, após assinatura da moratória da soja, ampliando-se a oferta de emprego com a instalação de novas empresas na região. Os agricultores têm buscado alternativas a fim de atenderem as demandas relacionadas ao fornecimento de sementes, adubos e, sobretudo, quanto ao aporte tecnológico, para garantir o processo produtivo, em cada ano, da safra de grãos. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de soja associadas à graus-dias acumulados para subsidiar estratégias quanto a época de semeadura em cultivos de soja sob condições agrometeorológicas em Belterra (PA). Foram analisados dados de produtividades de diferentes cultivares com base em dados obtidos de experimento de campo em Belterra, onde foram fornecidas informações de dias dos estádios fenológicos (germinação, floração e colheita). Dados meteorológicos diários foram tratados, sendo esses oriundos da estação do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Em planilha eletrônica (Excel), foram realizados os cálculos de graus-dia acumulados, adotando a temperatura base da soja de 10°C. O rendimento de grãos foi de 3,120kg.ha-1 na cultivar B, e o mais elevado foi de 3,240kg.ha-1, na cultivar C. Ao avaliar os valores acumulados de graus-dia até a floração, a cultivar C obteve a maior soma térmica (574°C) e a cultivar B contabilizou os menores valores de 515,85°C. A cultivar C, por ser de clico mais longo em relação as demais, contabilizou 1742°C, refletindo nas maiores produtividades. O total de graus-dia para completar o ciclo na cultivar C é indicativo de expressão em produtividade superior as demais cultivares analisadas, sendo uma variável resposta que deve ser considerada em planejamento de cultivos de soja para as condições de Belterra, importante município do polo de grãos do oeste do Pará. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-19T00:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rica20191.pdf: 1130753 bytes, checksum: be68d07028596199cc865a8cfcb538e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

SUMMARY Acute itch can be generated by either chemical or mechanical stimuli, which activate separate pathways in the periphery and spinal cord. While substantial progress has been made in mapping the transmission pathway for chemical itch, the central pathway for mechanical itch remains obscure. Using complementary genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we show that excitatory neurons marked by the expression of the neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1Cre neurons) form an essential pathway in the dorsal spinal cord for the transmission of mechanical but not chemical itch. Ablating or silencing the Y1Cre neurons abrogates mechanical itch, while chemogenetic activation induces scratching. Moreover, using Y1 conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts via dorsal horn Y1-expressing neurons to suppress light punctate touch and mechanical itch stimuli. NPY-Y1 signaling thus regulates the transmission of innocuous tactile information by establishing biologically relevant thresholds for touch discrimination and mechanical itch reflexes., Graphical Abstract, In Brief Acton et al. identify the excitatory neurons in the dorsal spinal cord that drive mechanical itch. These cells mediate responses to light punctate touch and are inhibited by neuropeptide Y (NPY)::Cre interneurons. Light touch sensitivity and mechanical itch responses are gated by NPY signaling mediated by Y1-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn.

A Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary infection in an eighty-year-old patient attended to at the Tuberculosis Secondary Referral Outpatient Clinic in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima between 2016 and 2019. This study aims to report the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of the patient because for this rare case in Brazil, and this patient had a late and difficult diagnosis. Due to this difficulty, the patient was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis for years without being cured. Finally, after a correct diagnosis, the treatment was stopped due to failure.

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Història de l'Art, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2020-2021, Tutor: Josep Lluís Falcó, [cat] El present treball se centra en els valors familiars hegemònics en la societat espanyola dels anys seixanta a través de la pel·lícula La gran familia (1962). El context espanyol de la dècada dels seixanta està protagonitzat per una sèrie de canvis com l’afany de modernitat i les reformes per l’obertura al món. Però, a la vegada, encara s’arrosseguen els valors tradicionals que havien acompanyat la societat espanyola dels quaranta i els cinquanta. El panorama cinematogràfic reflecteix aquest context canviant amb produccions diferents les unes de les altres. Mentre alguns directors ja miren cap al futur, d’altres segueixen vivint en el passat. L’estudi, doncs, tractarà el context social i polític del desarrollismo per entendre els valors familiars i la imatge de mare que apareix en l’exitosa pel·lícula de Fernando Palacios., [eng] The present work focuses on the hegemonic family values found in the spanish society of the sixties through the movie ‘La gran familia’ (1962). The spanish context of the sixties decade it’s led by a series of changes such as the eagerness of modernity and the political reforms for an opening to the world. But, at the same time, there are still being dragged traditional values that had accompanied the spanish society during the fourties and the fifties. The cinematographic scene reflects this changing context with varied productions. While some directors are looking to the future, others keep líving in the past. The study aims to acknowledge the social and political context of the ‘desarrollismo’ to understand the family values and the mother image that appear in the successful movie by Fernando Palacios.

The aim of this study was to present a systematic review and scientometric analysis on commercial eggs production in Brazil. For the systematic review, articles targeted to the described subtopics were selected. In contrast, the scientometric analysis was performed considering the articles indexed on CAPES, SCIELO, SCORPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE platforms. Subsequently, the articles found were analyzed and grouped according to the number of publications per year, the theme addressed in the publications, regions where the publications occurred, main authors, list of journals where the articles were published and the qualifications of the journals. The results showed that articles on commercial eggs have decreased in recent years, with Salmonella detection and contamination being the most addressed topic (30%). In addition, it was possible to observe that publications are more concentrated in the Southeast (35%) and Northeast (15%). The author with the most publications on the subject was Pinto, A. T., being the journal Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária and Zootecnia being the one that published the most on the subject (20%). Finally, all articles found were published in a journal with expressive qualities greater than B3, with A2 being the one that most covered the publications, totaling 40%, demonstrating the importance of the theme. Furthermore, it is concluded that there are regions where research on commercial eggs production is still not widespread. In addition, this study presents a current overview of the production of commercial eggs in Brazil, providing possibilities for expanding knowledge through studies in areas and topics little researched. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar una revisión sistemática y análisis cienciométrico sobre la producción comercial de huevos en Brasil. Para la revisión sistemática se seleccionaron artículos dirigidos a los subtemas descritos. Por el contrario, el análisis cienciométrico se realizó considerando los artículos indexados en las plataformas CAPES, SCIELO, SCORPUS y WEB OF SCIENCE. Posteriormente, los artículos encontrados fueron analizados y agrupados según el número de publicaciones por año, el tema abordado en las publicaciones, las regiones donde ocurrieron las publicaciones, los autores principales, el listado de revistas donde se publicaron los artículos y las calificaciones de las revistas. Los resultados mostraron que los artículos sobre huevos comerciales han disminuido en los últimos años, siendo la detección y contaminación de Salmonella el tema más abordado (30%). Además, se pudo observar que las publicaciones están más concentradas en el Sureste (35%) y Nordeste (15%). El autor con más publicaciones sobre el tema fue Pinto, A. T., siendo el Archivo Brasileño de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia el más publicado sobre el tema (20%). Finalmente, todos los artículos encontrados fueron publicados en una revista con cualidades expresivas superiores a B3, siendo A2 el que más cubrió las publicaciones, totalizando un 40%, demostrando la importancia del tema. Además, se concluye que hay regiones donde la investigación sobre la producción comercial de huevos aún no está muy extendida. Además, este estudio presenta un panorama actual de la producción de huevos comerciales en Brasil, brindando posibilidades para ampliar el conocimiento a través de estudios en áreas y temas poco investigados. O objetivo neste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sistemática e análise cienciometrica sobre produção de ovos comerciais no Brasil. Para a revisão sistemática, selecionou-se artigos direcionados aos subtópicos descritos. Em contrapartida, a análise cienciometrica foi realizada considerando os artigos indexados nas plataformas CAPES, SCIELO, SCORPUS e WEB OF SCIENCE. Posteriormente, os artigos encontrados foram analisados e agrupados quanto ao número de publicações por ano, temática abordada nas publicações, regiões onde ocorreram as publicações, principais autores, lista das revistas onde os artigos foram publicados e o qualis dos periodicos. Os resultados demostraram que os artigos sobre ovos comerciais diminuíram nos últimos anos, sendo a detecção e contaminação de Salmonella a temática mais abordada (30%). Além disso, foi possível observar que as publicações se concentram mais na região Sudeste (35%) e Nordeste (15%). O autor que mais teve publicações sobre a temática foi Pinto, A. T., sendo o periódico Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia o que mais publicou sobre o assunto (20%). Por fim, todos os artigos encontrados foram publicados em revista com qualis expressivos superiores a B3, sendo A2 o que mais contemplou as publicações, totalizando 40%, demostrando a importância da temática. Ademais, conclui-se que existem regiões onde a pesquisa sobre a produção de ovos comercias ainda é pouco difundida. Além disso, este estudo apresenta um panorama atual da produção de ovos comercias no Brasil, proporcionando possibilidades de expansão de conhecimento através de estudos em áreas e temas poucos pesquisados.

O objetivo neste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sistemática e análise cienciometrica sobre produção de ovos comerciais no Brasil. Para a revisão sistemática, selecionou-se artigos direcionados aos subtópicos descritos. Em contrapartida, a análise cienciometrica foi realizada considerando os artigos indexados nas plataformas CAPES, SCIELO, SCORPUS e WEB OF SCIENCE. Posteriormente, os artigos encontrados foram analisados e agrupados quanto ao número de publicações por ano, temática abordada nas publicações, regiões onde ocorreram as publicações, principais autores, lista das revistas onde os artigos foram publicados e o qualis dos periodicos. Os resultados demostraram que os artigos sobre ovos comerciais diminuíram nos últimos anos, sendo a detecção e contaminação de Salmonella a temática mais abordada (30%). Além disso, foi possível observar que as publicações se concentram mais na região Sudeste (35%) e Nordeste (15%). O autor que mais teve publicações sobre a temática foi Pinto, A. T., sendo o periódico Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia o que mais publicou sobre o assunto (20%). Por fim, todos os artigos encontrados foram publicados em revista com qualis expressivos superiores a B3, sendo A2 o que mais contemplou as publicações, totalizando 40%, demostrando a importância da temática. Ademais, conclui-se que existem regiões onde a pesquisa sobre a produção de ovos comercias ainda é pouco difundida. Além disso, este estudo apresenta um panorama atual da produção de ovos comercias no Brasil, proporcionando possibilidades de expansão de conhecimento através de estudos em áreas e temas poucos pesquisados.

Les effets therapeutiques des huiles essentielles (HE) sont largement dependants de leur composition chimique. Cette etude vise a mettre en evidence les molecules specifiques ou communes des HEs de resines et de les mettre en relation avec les effets therapeutiques indiques.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies characterized by unrestricted proliferation, poor prognosis, aggression, metastasis, and reduced sensitivity to drugs. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment, patients with liver cancer are still usually diagnosed at a late progressive stage. Thus, the optimal treatment for liver cancer patients largely depends upon an accurate early diagnosis. Hence, this study evaluated the gene expression profiles and chromosomal rearrangements of CD133, MUC1 and KRT19 genes as potential biomarkers of liver cancer using two cell lines: normal human hepatocytes (hNheps) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. From the study, it was shown that the gene expression of CD133, MUC1, and KRT19 are indeed up-regulated in liver cancer cells, and that multiple signals of these biomarkers are detected in the liver cancer sample. This suggests that the possible mechanism for elevated expression of the biomarkers is not due to the presence of an enhancer or a highly active gene promoter; rather it is because of the multiple copies, duplication, and possible translocation of these cancer biomarker genes in liver cancer cells. Finally, this study has demonstrated that the detection of chromosomal rearrangements can be used or has a potential as a diagnostic tool for liver cancer

The objective of this study was to report the diseases that occur in calves up to one year of age, establishing the main epidemiological factors associated with the occurrence of these diseases. The breeding phase is considered the most sensitive of the entire production system. Calves, especially in the first weeks of life, are more susceptible to acquiring diseases, being important attention by the caregivers on basic care, thus avoiding the highest mortality rates that occur mainly until the weaning, with the most frequent problems being navel infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, verminoses and parasitic sorrows. In view of the above, this study made it possible, through analyzes of scientific studies, to conclude that neonatal care is extremely necessary to prevent the animal from being affected by some type of illness, environmental conditions and inadequate sanitary management associated to the lack of measures prophylactic factors are determinant for the increase in the number of sick animals. On the other hand, the correct nutritional management, prevention and control of these diseases favor to improve health, allowing the animal to express its maximum potential for production and reproduction throughout its life, contributing to a positive economic return, reducing expenses with treatments and with future epidemics. El objetivo en este estudio fue relatar las enfermedades que ocurren en becerros hasta un año de edad, estableciendo los principales factores epidemiológicos asociados a la ocurrencia de esas enfermedades. La fase de cría se considera la más sensible de todo el sistema de producción. Los becerros, principalmente en las primeras semanas de vida, son más susceptibles de adquirir enfermedades, siendo importante la atención por los cuidadores en cuanto a cuidados básicos, de esta forma evitando las tasas más altas de mortalidad que ocurren principalmente hasta el desmane, siendo que los problemas más frecuentes son las infecciones del ombligo, diarreas, neumonías, verminosis y tristezas parasitarias. En el presente estudio, este estudio posibilitó por medio de análisis de trabajos científicos, concluir que los cuidados neonatales son extremadamente necesarios para evitar que el animal sea acometido por algún tipo de enfermedad, las condiciones del ambiente y el inadecuado manejo sanitario asociado a la escasez de medidas profilácticas son determinantes para el aumento del índice de animales enfermos. Por otro lado el manejo nutricional correcto, prevención y control de esas enfermedades favorece para mejorar la salud, posibilitando que el animal exprese su máximo potencial para la producción y reproducción durante todo su período de vida, contribuyendo con un retorno económico positivo, disminuyendo los gastos con tratamientos y con futuras epidemias. O objetivo neste estudo foi relatar as enfermidades que ocorrem em bezerros até um ano de idade, estabelecendo os principais fatores epidemiológicos associados à ocorrência dessas enfermidades. A fase de cria é considerada a mais sensível de todo o sistema produção. Os bezerros, principalmente nas primeiras semanas de vida são mais suscetíveis de adquirir doenças, sendo importante a atenção pelos tratadores quanto a cuidados básicos, dessa forma evitando as mais altas taxas de mortalidade que ocorrem principalmente até o desmane, sendo que os problemas mais frequentes são as infecções do umbigo, diarréias, pneumonias, verminoses e tristezas parasitárias. Diante do exposto, este estudo possibilitou por meio de análises de trabalhos científicos, concluir que os cuidados neonatais são extremamente necessários para evitar que o animal seja acometido por algum tipo de enfermidade, as condições do ambiente e o inadequado manejo sanitário associado á escassez de medidas profiláticas são determinantes para o aumento do índice de animais adoecidos. Por outro lado o manejo nutricional correto, prevenção e controle dessas doenças favorecem para melhorar a saúde, possibilitando que o animal expresse o seu máximo potencial para a produção e reprodução durante todo seu período de vida, contribuindo com um retorno econômico positivo, diminuindo os gastos com tratamentos e com futuras epidemias.

This study presents the first results obtained from a research that was carried out with university professors of an undergraduate degree program (undergraduate) in a public university of the State of Puebla, Mexico, with the purpose of investigating what concept they have about University Social Responsibility (USR) and what practices identify that have been carried out with students to promote it. In order to achieve this objective, a theoretical framework was created that would allow to have some references to identify which can be considered good practices in USR. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors and several of them reported having promoted class projects linked to social needs; others talked about strategies implemented through the Mexican Social Service (mandatory), professional practices, volunteering, among others.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers or amplifies inflammatory signals and cytokine production in immune cells. Upon the resolution of ER stress, the inducible phosphatase 1 cofactor GADD34 promotes the dephosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2α, thereby enabling protein translation to resume. Several aminoguanidine compounds, such as guanabenz, perturb the eIF2α phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle and protect different cell or tissue types from protein misfolding and degeneration. We investigated how pharmacological interference with the eIF2α pathway could be beneficial to treat autoinflammatory diseases dependent on proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), the production of which is regulated by GADD34 in dendritic cells (DCs). In mouse and human DCs and B cells, guanabenz prevented the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or DNA-immunoglobulin complexes in endosomes. In vivo, guanabenz protected mice from CpG oligonucleotide-dependent cytokine shock and decreased autoimmune symptom severity in a chemically induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, we found that guanabenz exerted its inhibitory effect independently of GADD34 activity on eIF2α and instead decreased the abundance of CH25H, a cholesterol hydroxylase linked to antiviral immunity. Our results therefore suggest that guanabenz and similar compounds could be used to treat type I IFN-dependent pathologies and that CH25H could be a therapeutic target to control these diseases. published

The analysis of different central nervous system regions is interesting and necessary as each one is involved in specific physiological processes and pathologies. On that matter, differences in the chemical composition between the same brain regions in different mice strains have been reported. In this sense, the development of a simple method for the identification of these regions depending on their chemical composition becomes relevant. Raman microspectroscopy, a non-destructive analytical chemical approach for biological samples, is a widely used method for qualitative, quantitative, and structural analysis in biochemical research. Ten brain structures in three different mice strains (Triple transgenic for Alzheimer Disease, 3xTgAD; Cluster 57 black 6, C57BL/6; and the Swiss strain, CD1) were analyzed, and variations among samples from several brain regions were found. Particularly, the pattern of signals from the hippocampus, the prefrontal and temporal cortices, the basal forebrain, the striatum, the cerebellum, and the hypothalamus was discernable. Interestingly, notable signals regarding non-peptide small neurotransmitters were observed, including those related to acetylcholine. These bands were present in the Raman spectra of the basal forebrain and prefrontal cortex in the three mice strains, consistent with the relative abundance of this neurotransmitter in those regions. However, signals with lower intensities appeared in the basal forebrain of C57BL/6 in comparison with the same tissue of the other two strains. In addition, the Raman intensity of bands assigned to catecholamines in the striatum was lower in the 3xTgAD than those from both CD1 and C57BL/6 mice strains. This approach, as well as the reported differences, has potential application for designing analysis on specific murine models of brain diseases.

A circuit controlling mechanical itch Considerable progress has been made in understanding and treating chemically induced itch. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying mechanically evoked itch. Bourane et al. produced a model of mechanical itch by reducing the number of neuropeptide Y–expressing inhibitory spinal interneurons. This led to a selective increase in mechanically evoked itch-like behavior in mice. In contrast, chemically evoked itch or pain behavior remained unaffected. Science , this issue p. 550

Background: Lipid nanoparticles have been studied mainly as a means of transporting and releasing drugs. A special emphasis has been placed on designing nanoparticles that improve the delivery of drugs with targets in the central nervous system. Methods: The biomedical literature was searched for basic and clinical studies. The recent applications are described and related with their bioactivities. Results: The current review compiles data on the components and features of lipid nanoparticle systems as well as the necessary conditions for their selective action. As an example of their application, we present data from preclinical and clinical studies on lipid nanoparticles used as potent and efficient agents in the diagnosis and treatment of some neurodegenerative maladies, including Parkinson’s disease. Conclusion: Current evidence supports the application of lipid nanoparticles for designing carriers of drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. But also, we have gathered data that suggests a role of drug-free lipid nanoparticles as neuroprotective or preventive agents during neurodegenerative processes.

International audience; In innate immune responses, induction of type-I interferons (IFNs) prevents virus spreading while viral replication is delayed by protein synthesis inhibition. We asked how cells perform these apparently contradictory activities. Using single fibroblast monitoring by flow cytometry and mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that type-I IFN production is linked to cell's ability to enter dsRNA-activated PKR-dependent translational arrest and then overcome this inhibition by decreasing eIF2a phosphorylation through phosphatase 1c cofactor GADD34 (Ppp1r15a) expression. GADD34 expression, shown here to be dependent on the IRF3 transcription factor, is responsible for a biochemical cycle permitting pulse of IFN synthesis to occur in cells undergoing protein synthesis inhibition. Translation arrest is further demonstrated to be key for anti-viral response by acting synergistically with MAVS activation to amplify TBK1 signaling and IFN-b mRNA transcription , while GADD34-dependent protein synthesis recovery contributes to the heterogeneous expression of IFN observed in dsRNA-activated cells.

We study the structure of the space of coarse Lipschitz maps between Banach spaces. In particular we introduce the notion of norm attaining coarse Lipschitz maps. We extend to the case of norm attaining coarse Lipschitz equivalences, a result of G. Godefroy on Lipschitz equivalences. This leads us to include the non separable versions of classical results on the stability of the existence of asymptotically uniformly smooth norms under Lipschitz or coarse Lipschitz equivalences., The proof of Prposition 4.6 has been corrected, as well as the statement of Prposition 2.2

O objetivo neste estudo foi relatar as enfermidades que ocorrem em bezerros até um ano de idade, estabelecendo os principais fatores epidemiológicos associados à ocorrência dessas enfermidades. A fase de cria é considerada a mais sensível de todo o sistema produção. Os bezerros, principalmente nas primeiras semanas de vida são mais suscetíveis de adquirir doenças, sendo importante a atenção pelos tratadores quanto a cuidados básicos, dessa forma evitando as mais altas taxas de mortalidade que ocorrem principalmente até o desmane, sendo que os problemas mais frequentes são as infecções do umbigo, diarréias, pneumonias, verminoses e tristezas parasitárias. Diante do exposto, este estudo possibilitou por meio de análises de trabalhos científicos, concluir que os cuidados neonatais são extremamente necessários para evitar que o animal seja acometido por algum tipo de enfermidade, as condições do ambiente e o inadequado manejo sanitário associado á escassez de medidas profiláticas são determinantes para o aumento do índice de animais adoecidos. Por outro lado o manejo nutricional correto, prevenção e controle dessas doenças favorecem para melhorar a saúde, possibilitando que o animal expresse o seu máximo potencial para a produção e reprodução durante todo seu período de vida, contribuindo com um retorno econômico positivo, diminuindo os gastos com tratamentos e com futuras epidemias.

The innate immune cell network detects specific microbes and damages to cell integrity in order to coordinate and polarize the immune response against invading pathogens. In recent years, a cross-talk between microbial-sensing pathways and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis has been discovered and have attracted the attention of many researchers from the inflammation field. Abnormal accumulation of proteins in the ER can be seen as a sign of cellular malfunction and triggers a collection of conserved emergency rescue pathways. These signalling cascades, which increase ER homeostasis and favour cell survival, are collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The induction or activation by microbial stimuli of several molecules linked to the ER stress response pathway have led to the conclusion that microbe sensing by immunocytes is generally associated with an UPR, which serves as a signal amplification cascade favouring inflammatory cytokines production. Induction of the UPR alone was shown to promote inflammation in different cellular and pathological models. Here we discuss how the innate immune and ER-signalling pathways intersect. Moreover, we propose that the induction of UPR-related molecules by microbial products does not necessarily reflect ER stress, but instead is an integral part of a specific transcription programme controlled by innate immunity receptors.

International audience; We characterize metric spaces whose Lipschitz free space is isometric to $\ell_1$. In particular, the Lipschitz free space over an ultrametric space is not isometric to $\ell_1(\Gamma)$ for any set $\Gamma$. We give a lower bound for the Banach-Mazur distance in the finite case.

The interest for hybrid solar gas-turbine systems (HSGT) in solar power tower plant technologies is growing. This is due to the high conversion efficiency and to the low water consumption that are achieved when a combined cycle is implemented. This paper presents a simulation tool which is dedicated to the performance analysis a hybrid solar gas turbine solar plant featuring a thermal energy storage (TES) unit. This study is conducted within the framework of the French PEGASE project (Production of Electricity from Gas and Solar Energy) which aims at setting up and testing at THEMIS site (France) a demonstration plant based on HSGT technology. The TES unit called packed bed consists in a cylindrical tank filled with spherical rocks. For a given gas-turbine, the designs of the storage and the heliostat field are carried out. Depending on the operating strategy, this work establishes that the integration of a TES unit offers a higher and more stable electrical generation. The TES unit increases, in some case drastically, the daily average solar share of the power plant. Finally it leads to a higher electrical production per unit of fuel consumed.

Maestría en Ciencias Bioquímicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas

We recently described two proteasome subtypes that are intermediate between the standard proteasome and the immunoproteasome. They contain only one (β5i) or two (β1i and β5i) of the three inducible catalytic subunits of the immunoproteasome. They are present in tumor cells and abundant in normal human tissues. We described two tumor antigenic peptides that are uniquely produced by these intermediate proteasomes. In this work, we studied the production by intermediate proteasomes of tumor antigenic peptides known to be produced exclusively by the immunoproteasome (MAGE-A3114–122, MAGE-C242–50, MAGE-C2336–344) or the standard proteasome (Melan-A26–35, tyrosinase369–377, gp100209–217). We observed that intermediate proteasomes efficiently produced the former peptides, but not the latter. Two peptides from the first group were equally produced by both intermediate proteasomes, whereas MAGE-C2336–344 was only produced by intermediate proteasome β1i-β5i. Those results explain the recognition of tumor cells devoid of immunoproteasome by CTL recognizing peptides not produced by the standard proteasome. We also describe a third antigenic peptide that is produced exclusively by an intermediate proteasome: peptide MAGE-C2191–200 is produced only by intermediate proteasome β1i-β5i. Analyzing in vitro digests, we observed that the lack of production by a given proteasome usually results from destruction of the antigenic peptide by internal cleavage. Interestingly, we observed that the immunoproteasome and the intermediate proteasomes fail to cleave between hydrophobic residues, despite a higher chymotrypsin-like activity measured on fluorogenic substrates. Altogether, our results indicate that the repertoire of peptides produced by intermediate proteasomes largely matches the repertoire produced by the immunoproteasome, but also contains additional peptides.

The laboratory evaluated 154 sexual assault cases from four Child Protection Units in the Philippines involving female child victims aged from 2 years to 18 years old. All child victims sought medical attention within 72 h after sexual contact. In 130 cases, the child victim knew the alleged offender and identified them during the interview with the social worker. Penile ejaculation was reported by 68 child victims with varying reports of washing after contact. Overall, 84 child victims admitted having wiped their genitalia prior to the collection of biological samples for DNA testing. Laboratory personnel examined vaginal smears in only 109 cases using a light microscope and reported 23 samples to be positive for sperm cells. Using the PowerPlex® short tandem repeat of the Y chromosome (Y-STR) DNA multiplex system, male DNA was detected in vaginal swab samples from 63 child victims. In 39 cases, positive amplification at 11 Y-STR DNA markers consistent with a single male DNA profile was observed. Twenty-eight of these full single Y-STR DNA profiles were found to be unique when searched in worldwide Y-STR DNA population databases (~40,000 haplotypes), eight haplotypes matching Filipinos and/or Asian haplotypes and one Y-STR DNA profile only matching European, Caucasian, and Latin American haplotypes. Y-STR DNA profiles generated will be compared with reference DNA profiles of alleged offenders once reference samples are submitted to the laboratory.

Peptide splicing is a newly described mode of production of antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules, whereby two noncontiguous fragments of the parental protein are joined together after excision of the intervening segment. Three spliced peptides have been described. In two cases, splicing involved the excision of a short intervening segment of 4 or 6 aa and was shown to occur in the proteasome by transpeptidation resulting from the nucleophilic attack of an acyl-enzyme intermediate by the N terminus of the other peptide fragment. For the third peptide, which is derived from fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5), the splicing mechanism remains unknown. In this case, the intervening segment is 40 aa long. This much greater length made the transpeptidation model more difficult to envision. Therefore, we evaluated the role of the proteasome in the splicing of this peptide. We observed that the spliced FGF-5 peptide was produced in vitro after incubation of proteasomes with a 49-aa-long precursor peptide. We evaluated the catalytic mechanism by incubating proteasomes with various precursor peptides. The results confirmed the transpeptidation model of splicing. By transfecting a series of mutant FGF-5 constructs, we observed that reducing the length of the intervening segment increased the production of the spliced peptide, as predicted by the transpeptidation model. Finally, we observed that trans-splicing (i.e., splicing of fragments from two distinct proteins) can occur in the cell, but with a much lower efficacy than splicing of fragments from the same protein.

Summary Animals depend on sensory feedback from mechanosensory afferents for the dynamic control of movement. This sensory feedback needs to be selectively modulated in a task- and context-dependent manner. Here, we show that inhibitory interneurons (INs) expressing the RORβ orphan nuclear receptor gate sensory feedback to the spinal motor system during walking and are required for the production of a fluid locomotor rhythm. Genetic manipulations that abrogate inhibitory RORβ IN function result in an ataxic gait characterized by exaggerated flexion movements and marked alterations to the step cycle. Inactivation of RORβ in inhibitory neurons leads to reduced presynaptic inhibition and changes to sensory-evoked reflexes, arguing that the RORβ inhibitory INs function to suppress the sensory transmission pathways that activate flexor motor reflexes and interfere with the ongoing locomotor program. Video Abstract

Cephalexin levels in the ejaculates of 31 infection-free volunteers have been determined following the administration of 1 g of antibiotic. In 16 subjects the cephalexin was administered by intramuscular injection and in 15 by mouth. In each case the volunteers were divided into groups of five each of which received the drug, 1, 2 or 4 hours before the collection of semen. Antibiotic concentrations were determined microbiologically on agar plates using Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341. For selection purposes healthy subjects were considered to be those showing a normal anamnesis and physical exploration, an absence of leucocytes demonstrable by a cytomorphological evaluation of the semen, semen citric acid and fructose levels within normal limits and a qualitatively and quantitatively similar saprophytic flora to that seen in a culture of urine taken immediately before the collection of semen. Maximum concentrations were obtained 2 hours after the administration of the antibiotic and the concentration following intramuscular injection (6.9 microgram/ml) was significantly greater than that following oral administration (4.7 microgram/ml).

Godefroy and Ozawa have proved that there exists a compact space with a free space failing the approximation property. Then it is natural to ask what are the metric spaces whose freespace has the bounded approximation property. Grothendieck has proved that a separable Banach space with the approximation property has the metric approximation property. This result justifies why it is interesting to know whether a free space is a dual space. The first chapter is dedicated to duality. First we introduce a result to prove that a Banach space is a dual space, under some conditions. Then we explain how to use it in the context offree spaces and finally we apply it to countable or ultrametric proper metric spaces.In the second chapter, we study the metric approximation property of free spaces overcountable proper metric spaces.In the third chapter, ultrametric spaces are investigated. We prove first that the free spaceover a proper ultrametric space has the metric approximation property, is isomorphic to l1 andadmits a predual isomorphic to c0. Finally, in collaboration with P. Kaufmann et A. Proch`azka,we prove that the free space over a ultrametric space is never isometric to l1 and we generalizethis result to some subsets of separable R-trees.; Godefroy et Ozawa ont montré qu’il existe un espace compact dont l’espace libre n’a pas la propriété d’approximation. Il est donc naturel de se demander quels sont les espaces métriques dont l’espace libre à la propriété d’approximation bornée. Grothendieck a montré qu’un dual séparable ayant la propriété d’approximation a la propriété d’approximation métrique. Ce résultat justifie l’utilité de savoir si un espace libre est un dual. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la dualité. Pour commencer nous présentons un théorème permettant de montrer qu’un espace de Banach séparable est le dual d’un sous-espace de son dual, sous conditions. Nous expliquons ensuite comment appliquer ce théorème dans le cadre des espaces libres. Dans la suite du chapitre nous l’appliquons aux espaces propres dénombrables ou ultramétriques. Dans le deuxième chapitre nous nous intéressons à la propriété d’approximation métrique sur l’espace libre des espaces propres dénombrables. Nous énonçons tout d’abord un résultat dû à Kalton puis nous l’utilisons pour montrer que sous ces hypothèses, l’espace libre a la propriété d’approximation métrique. Le troisième chapitre est dédié à l’étude des espaces libres sur les espaces ultramétriques. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que lorsque l’espace ultramétrique est propre, son espace libre a la propriété d’approximation métrique et est isomorphe à l1, de plus il admet un prédualisomorphe à c0. Enfin, en collaboration avec P. Kaufmann et A. Prochàzka, nous montrons que l’espace libre sur un espace ultramétrique n’est jamais isométrique à un espace l1 et nous généralisons ce résultat à certains sous-ensembles des arbres réels séparables.

This report presents the findings of a survey on the role played by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in supporting the employability and integration of immigrants in Europe. 1,500 immigrants in 3 Member States (Bulgaria, the Netherlands, and Spain) were interviewed face-to-face from the end of 2012 to mid-2013 to identify their ICT skills, access and usage, with the aim to identify the role of ICT for their employability and integration in the host country and comparing connected and non-connected migrants. The statistical analysis carried out in this survey revealed that migrants differed in ICT usage, employability and integration in the 3 countries surveyed. Moreover, age, education, employment status, and type of occupation were clear sources of digital inequalities. The findings point to the implications for policies that aim to take advantage of the potential offered by immigration in the European Union, such as digital inclusion policies address specific groups of migrants (older and unemployed), supporting public libraries and other forms of public access, promoting digital skills, and migrant integration policies to raise awareness about how the Internet can help migrants to become more actively engaged in society., JRC.J.3-Information Society

This is the final methodological report on the project on 'ICT to support the integration into everyday life of immigrants and minorities'. The research objectives were to describe immigrants’ ICT skills, access, usage, and to explore how they differ with respect to different profiles and broad socio-economic and other personal characteristics such as integration and employability. In order to pursue these objectives, a face-to-face survey was carried out in three countries (Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Spain). A total of 1,653 third country nationals were interviewed. An ad-hoc questionnaire was designed, based on previous studies and official statistics. It was translated into ten different languages so that it covered all the nationalities from the sample. Due to the characteristics of the target group, the dissemination strategy and data collection put special emphasis on the interviewer selection and training process. Face-to-face survey procedures and specific participant recruitment strategies were developed, considering different contact points depending on the characteristics of the target. Descriptive univariate and bivariate statistical analysis as well as multivariate statistical analysis of certain aspects have been carried out. In addition, we have also re-classified the data obtained and constructed two categorical variables: ‘Profile’ that includes as its values five meaningful and homogenous migrant profiles and ‘Connected’ and ‘Non-connected’., JRC.J.3-Information Society

CD8-positive T lymphocytes recognize peptides that are usually derived from the degradation of cellular proteins and are presented by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Here we describe a human minor histocompatibility antigen created by a polymorphism in theSP110nuclear phosphoprotein gene. The antigenic peptide comprises two noncontiguous SP110 peptide segments spliced together in reverse order to that in which they occur in the predicted SP110 protein. The antigenic peptide could be produced in vitro by incubation of precursor peptides with highly purified 20Sproteasomes. Cutting and splicing probably occur within the proteasome by transpeptidation.

High resistance to class IIa bacteriocins in Listeria monocytogenes has been clearly linked to lack of expression of the mptACD operon, encoding the EIItMan mannose PTS permease. Also, intermediate resistance has been associated with membrane phospholipid modifications in the spontaneous mutants L. monocytogenes B73-V1 and B73-V2. We constructed a new mutant of L. monocytogenes that was interrupted in mpoA, and which also exhibited an intermediate resistance phenotype. The mpoABCD operon putatively encodes a PTS permease of the mannose family similar to that encoded by the mpt operon. In silico analysis indicated that mpo transcription might be dependent on σ54. Our study demonstrated that the three intermediate resistant mutants have a slight decrease in mptACD expression, showing that the level of sensitivity is correlated to the level of mpt expression. We show a cross-regulation between mpo and mpt. In particular, the mpo mutant has a defect in mpt expression that possibly could explain its intermediate resistance phenotype.

Access to methylaluminoxane-type derivatives by a non-hydrolytic route is described. The procedure involves the reaction between trimethylaluminium (TMA) and benzoic acid (BA) at temperatures comprised from 20 to 100°C in toluene. The structure of the different aluminic derivatives formed for different ratios R=TMA/BA as well as the reaction pathways leading to these products were investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures. The monomeric and/or oligomeric Me 2 A1OA1Me 2 species issued from the reaction between BA and TMA were found to methylate and then activate (cationize) rac-At(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 as shown by UV/visible spectroscopy analysis. This is further confirmed by successful hex-1-ene polymerisations carried out in the presence of such activators.

Leuconostoc mesenteroides Y105 and L. mesenteroides FR52 produce both mesentericin Y105 and B105, in equal amounts. The mesentericin operons of L. mesenteroides FR52 and Y105 which are involved in mesentericin Y105 and B105 production, were both sequenced and compared. Differences were limited to the two genes, mesD and mesE, which encode the dedicated transport system of mesentericin Y105. Analysis of mesentericin non-producing mutants and complementation experiments demonstrated that the major role of the membrane fusion protein, MesE, was in bacteriocin secretion for both strains. Moreover, the secretion machinery MesDE was demonstrated to be capable of transportation and maturation of the two pre-bacteriocins, mesentericin Y105 and B105. We also demonstrate that although MesDEs from strains Y105 and FR52 have significant sequence differences, both transporters were capable of assuring secretion of either bacteriocin.

The physiological significance of the presence of GLUT2 at the food-facing pole of intestinal cells is addressed by a study of fructose absorption in GLUT2-null and control mice submitted to different sugar diets. Confocal microscopy localization, protein and mRNA abundance, as well as tissue and membrane vesicle uptakes of fructose were assayed. GLUT2 was located in the basolateral membrane of mice fed a meal devoid of sugar or containing complex carbohydrates. In addition, the ingestion of a simple sugar meal promoted the massive recruitment of GLUT2 to the food-facing membrane. Fructose uptake in brush-border membrane vesicles from GLUT2-null mice was half that of wild-type mice and was similar to the cytochalasin B-insensitive component, i.e. GLUT5-mediated uptake. A 5 day consumption of sugar-rich diets increased fructose uptake fivefold in wild-type tissue rings when it only doubled in GLUT2-null tissue. GLUT5 was estimated to contribute to 100 % of total uptake in wild-type mice fed low-sugar diets, falling to 60 and 40 % with glucose and fructose diets respectively; the complement was ensured by GLUT2 activity. The results indicate that basal sugar uptake is mediated by the resident food-facing SGLT1 and GLUT5 transporters, whose mRNA abundances double in long-term dietary adaptation. We also observe that a large improvement of intestinal absorption is promoted by the transient recruitment of food-facing GLUT2, induced by the ingestion of a simple-sugar meal. Thus, GLUT2 and GLUT5 could exert complementary roles in adapting the absorption capacity of the intestine to occasional or repeated loads of dietary sugars.

We studied the role of the karyopherin a2 nuclear import carrier (also known as importin a2) in glucose signaling. In mhAT3F hepatoma cells, GFP-karyopherin a2 accumu- lated massively in the cytoplasm within minutes of glu- cose extracellular addition and returned to the nucleus after glucose removal. In contrast, GFP-karyopherin a1 distribution was unaffected regardless of glucose concentration. Glucose increased GFP-karyopherin a2 nuclear efflux by a factor 80 and its shuttling by a factor 4. These glucose-induced movements were not due to glycolytic ATP production. The mechanism involved was leptomycin B-insensitive, but phosphatase- and energy- dependent. HepG2 and COS-7 cells displayed no glucose- induced GFP-karyopherin a2 movements. In pancreatic MIN-6 cells, the glucose-induced movements of karyo- pherin a2 and the stimulation of glucose-induced gene transcription were simultaneously lost between pas- sages 28 and 33. Thus, extracellular glucose regulates a nuclear transport pathway by increasing the nuclear efflux and shuttling of karyopherin a2 in cells in which glucose can stimulate the transcription of sugar-responsive genes.